CN107804423A - A kind of ventilative overflowing protecting system of ballast tank and its design method - Google Patents

A kind of ventilative overflowing protecting system of ballast tank and its design method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107804423A
CN107804423A CN201710523039.5A CN201710523039A CN107804423A CN 107804423 A CN107804423 A CN 107804423A CN 201710523039 A CN201710523039 A CN 201710523039A CN 107804423 A CN107804423 A CN 107804423A
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China
Prior art keywords
ballast tank
ventilative
ballast
return main
permeability cell
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CN201710523039.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陆伟
郑志敏
施健
原冬冬
张航
张立威
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Hudong Zhonghua Shipbuilding Group Co Ltd
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Hudong Zhonghua Shipbuilding Group Co Ltd
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Application filed by Hudong Zhonghua Shipbuilding Group Co Ltd filed Critical Hudong Zhonghua Shipbuilding Group Co Ltd
Priority to CN201710523039.5A priority Critical patent/CN107804423A/en
Priority to CN201711400192.5A priority patent/CN108100158A/en
Publication of CN107804423A publication Critical patent/CN107804423A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B71/00—Designing vessels; Predicting their performance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
    • B63B11/04—Constructional features of bunkers, e.g. structural fuel tanks, or ballast tanks, e.g. with elastic walls

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of ventilative overflowing protecting system of ballast tank and its design method, the design method to comprise the following steps：The trend of the ventilative return main of arrangement, calculate the caliber of ventilative return main and permeability cell, the on-way resistance value of the ballast current of most long overflow route and local Resistance Value in pipeline are calculated, ballast tank structural strength check value is highly calculated according to the permeability cell on resistance water-column, the oneself height of ballast tank and side ballast tank.The present invention can prevent that ballast tank is over-pressed, greatly reduce the structural strength of ballast tank, reduce the deadweight of ship, while can largely reduce ballast tank Ventilated cap quantity, avoid opening up more pore in main deck slab area.Being located at the Large Container Ship of the like configurations such as two decks rather than open deck or con-ro ship for side ballast tank top has good weight loss effect.

Description

A kind of ventilative overflowing protecting system of ballast tank and its design method
Technical field
The present invention relates to Ship Design Technology field, is used for Large Container Ship or container rolling dress more particularly to one kind The ventilative overflowing protecting system of the ballast tank of the ship type such as ship and its design method.
Background technology
Ballasting system is one of important pipe-line system of ship, and main function is to load feelings according to the different goods of ship Condition, drauht is adjusted to adapt to operational configuration with ballast water.Normal load draught during to ensure ship zero load, ballast tank should have foot Enough big volume of compartments, even if can also account for full ship to the less ship type of ballast water dependence, such as Large Container Ship, ballast tank volume of compartment 10% ~ 15% or so of volume of compartment.
It is upper deck with bulk freighter, oil carrier isoballast cabin top（Belong to open deck）Ship type it is different, Large Container Ship or The side ballast tank of con-ro ship typically top is two decks（Less than open deck）, scantling draft line is also below ballast tank Top.According to requirement of the specification to air hose final position, ballast tank air pipe head need to be arranged in open deck, cause ballast tank empty Gas head（It is typically located at 450mm on upper deck or hatch coaming）It is larger with ballast tank top spacing.According to code requirement, fluid cabin The test bit of intensity should take cabin to form the peak of liquid level, i.e., need to check to air grease head highness, significantly larger than press Carry cabin top.
Due to the higher structural strength of ballast tank, its corresponding construction weight occupies larger proportion in light weight, this With very big room for improvement.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, design a kind of ballast tank breathe freely overflowing protecting system and its Design method.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of design method of the ventilative overflowing protecting system of ballast tank, specifically includes following steps：
Step 1：The trend of the ventilative return main of arrangement；
Step 2：The caliber of ventilative return main and permeability cell is calculated according to ballast pumpage and ballast injection bore, according to meter Calculate ventilative return main and the permeability cell of the corresponding caliber of result selection；
Step 3：According to the position of ship section structure and ballast tank, by ventilative return main be arranged on two decks and upper deck it Between aisle in, the setting height(from bottom) of ventilative return main be higher than two deck passages watertight doors, ballast tank and base pressure load on side The cabin top of water tank opens up multiple air-vents respectively（Needed to set respective numbers air-vent according to calculating）And on each air-vent A permeability cell is fixed, one end of permeability cell is connected with air-vent, and the other end is connected with ventilative return main；Every thoroughly Tracheae and the junction of ventilative return main are provided with float type check valve, are connected respectively at the first and last end of ventilative return main Piece row's side of a ship outer tube；In row's side of a ship outer tube and intersection's fixed weir alarm of ventilative return main, side of a ship outer tube is arranged at every Water outlet distinguishes mounting plate type check-valves and normally opened valve；
Step 4：The on-way resistance value of the ballast current of most long overflow route in computing system pipelineP 1With local Resistance ValueP 2, root Drag overall value is obtained according to on-way resistance value and local Resistance ValueP,P=P 1+P 2, calculate the resistance water-column corresponding to drag overall valueH 3；
Step 5：Pressure is calculated according to distance of the summit away from two decks of resistance water-column, the oneself height of ballast tank, permeability cell Carry cabin structure strength check valueH, the ballast tank structural strength check value meets formula：H=H 1+H 2+H 3, wherein,H 1For ballast The height on cabin highest point cabin top is two decks away from baseline height,H 2For distance of the ballast tank permeability cell summit away from two decks；
Step 6：The conventional structure intensity level of ballast tank structural strength check value and ballast tank is contrasted, obtains ballast tank Structure loss of weight weight.
Further, step 4.1 is also included in the step 4：Judge the peak of permeability cell to ventilative return main's Whether difference in height is more than resistance water-column, if being more than, removes float type check valve.
Further, the calculation formula of the ballast current on-way resistance value is：P 1=λ(L/d i )[ρv 2 /(2g)], wherein,P 1For the on-way resistance value of ballast current,λFor pipeline coefficient of frictional resistance,LLength for permeability cell to overflow pipe outlet side,d i For ips,ρFor fluid density,vFor rate of flow of fluid,gFor acceleration of gravity；
The calculation formula of local resistance value is：P 2=ζρv 2/(2g), wherein,P 2For the local resistance value of ballast current, ζ is pipeline Annex coefficient of partial resistance.
Further, the permeability cell on the side ballast tank cabin top and the permeability cell on bottom ballast tank cabin top are in same height Degree.
Further, the permeability cell is gooseneck elbow.
The positive beneficial effect of the present invention：
1st, the present invention breathe freely overflowing protecting system by setting ballast tank, can prevent that ballast tank is over-pressed, after ballast tank expires cabin Continue toward during water filling, excessive seawater can drain into outboard by ventilative overflowing protecting system, can prevent in cabin freely in cabin Liquid level rises；On the junction of permeability cell and ventilative return main setting float type check valve, overflow to ventilative return main Seawater can not just be entered by permeability cell in any ballast tank, can prevent that each ballast tank is mutual by ventilative return main UNICOM and have a negative impact to the stability of full ship.
2nd, by the control of ballast tank structural strength near ventilative return main's height, the structure for greatly reducing ballast tank is strong Degree, reduces the deadweight of ship, while can largely reduce ballast tank Ventilated cap quantity, avoid opening up in main deck slab area compared with More pores.It is located at the Large Container Ship or container of the like configurations such as two decks rather than open deck for side ballast tank top Roll-on-roll-off ship has good weight loss effect.
3rd, by intersection's fixed weir alarm in row's side of a ship outer tube and ventilative return main, crewman can be reminded to inject The ballast tank that valve is opened expires cabin, should close ballast pump, avoid overflow water from causing damage Ship Structure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system design figure of the ventilative overflowing protecting system of ballast tank of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the present invention.
The concrete meaning of label is in figure：1 is upper deck, and 2 be two decks, and 3 be ventilative return main, and 4 be permeability cell, 5 It is overflow alarm for float type check valve, 6,7 be row's side of a ship outer tube, and 8 be ship stern, and 9 be side ballast tank, and 10 be bottom ballast water Cabin, 11 be plate check valve, and 12 be normally open valve, and 13 be baseline.
Embodiment
It is specific below by what is shown in accompanying drawing to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention of greater clarity Embodiment describes the present invention.However, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative, and it is not intended to limit the model of the present invention Enclose.In addition, in the following description, the description to known features and technology is eliminated, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention's Concept.
Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 1, the ventilative overflowing protecting system of ballast tank of the invention is applied to the ballast of ship In water system, including two underdeck side ballast tanks and bottom ballast tank are arranged at, are separately positioned on side ballast tank and bottom The permeability cell on ballast tank cabin top, the ventilative return main being arranged between two decks and upper deck in aisle, is separately fixed at Row's side of a ship outer tube at ventilative return main's first and last end；One end of the permeability cell is connected with side ballast tank or bottom ballast tank, The other end is connected by float type check valve with ventilative return main；Every row's side of a ship outer tube and the friendship of ventilative return main Equal fixed weir alarm at remittance, the delivery port of every row's side of a ship outer tube are fixed with plate check valve and normally opened along water (flow) direction successively Valve.
The design method of the overflowing protecting system, specifically includes following steps：
Step 1：The trend of the ventilative return main of arrangement.
Step 2：The caliber of ventilative return main and permeability cell, root are calculated according to ballast pumpage and ballast injection bore Ventilative return main and the permeability cell of corresponding caliber are selected according to result of calculation；
Assuming that ballast tank injection bore isD 1 ,Permeability cell sectional area need to be ascending pipe sectional area1.25Times,After conversion, breathe freely Pipe injects bore：D 2 =1.118D 1 。
Ventilative return main's internal diameterD 3 , specifically, according to CCS code requirement, " section of each tank overflow pipe Area, the tank ascending pipe sectional area should be not less than1.25Times.When multiple tanks share an overflow pipe, then overflow is shared The cross-sectional area of pipe at least should be maximum overflow pipe cross-sectional area sum needed for two of which tank." therefore, overflow of breathing freely House steward's caliberD 3 =1.414 D 2
Step 3：First, according to the position of ship section structure and ballast tank, by ventilative return main be arranged on two decks with it is upper In aisle between deck, the setting height(from bottom) of ventilative return main is higher than two deck passages watertight doors, breathe freely return main's Installation site, which should not destroy the integrality of section structure, can not influence personnel passes through；
Then, the cabin of side ballast tank and bottom ballast tank top open up respectively multiple air-vents and on each air-vent it is solid A fixed permeability cell, according to calculating, needs are specific to be set the number of air-vent, it is generally the case that the cabin top of each ballast tank opens up There are two air-vents.When carrying out permeability cell installation, to make the permeability cell that side ballast tank cabin is pushed up and bottom ballast tank cabin top Permeability cell is in sustained height, and the permeability cell in the present embodiment is connected with the overflow house steward that breathes freely using gooseneck elbow.Permeability cell One end be connected with air-vent, the other end is connected with ventilative return main, and ballast tank can normally breathe freely to ventilative overflow House steward；Every permeability cell and the junction of ventilative return main are provided with float type check valve, and ball float is set on permeability cell Formula check-valves, when pipe resistance is excessive, it can prevent seawater of the overflow to ventilative return main from being entered by permeability cell to appoint It is unfavorable to be produced to the stability of full ship by the ventilative mutual UNICOM of return main so as to completely cut off each ballast tank in one ballast tank Influence；
Finally, in order to reduce the length for the ventilative return main that fluid flows through, connected respectively at the first and last end of ventilative return main Piece row's side of a ship outer tube, unnecessary seawater can be discharged preferentially out of nearby row's side of a ship outer tube in such ballast tank；Meanwhile at every The water outlet difference mounting plate type check-valves and normally opened valve of side of a ship outer tube is arranged, in crossing for row's side of a ship outer tube and ventilative return main Locate fixed weir alarm, persistently to have water to flow through out-of-date when arranging in side of a ship outer tube, and overflow alarm will be alarmed, to remind ship The ballast tank that member's injection valve is opened expires cabin, should close ballast pump.
Step 4：The on-way resistance value of the ballast current of most long overflow route in computing system pipelineP 1With local Resistance ValueP 2, drag overall value is obtained according to on-way resistance value and local Resistance ValueP,P=P 1+P 2, calculate the resistance water corresponding to drag overall value Pillar height degreeH 3；
The calculation formula of the ballast current on-way resistance value is：P 1=λ(L/d i )[ρv 2 /(2g)], wherein,P 1For ballast current On-way resistance value,λFor pipeline coefficient of frictional resistance,LLength for permeability cell to overflow pipe outlet side,d i For ips,ρ For fluid density,vFor rate of flow of fluid,gFor acceleration of gravity；
The calculation formula of local resistance value is：P 2=ζρv 2 /(2g), wherein,P 2For the local resistance value of ballast current, ζ is pipeline Annex coefficient of partial resistance.
When calculating the drag overall value of most long overflow route, step 4.1 is also performed：Judge the peak of permeability cell extremely Whether the distance of ventilative return main is more than resistance water-column, if being more than, removes float type check valve.
Step 5：According to resistance water-column, the oneself height of ballast tank, permeability cell distance meter of the summit away from two decks Calculate ballast tank structural strength check valueH, the ballast tank structural strength check value meets formula：H=H 1+H 2+H 3, wherein,H 1For The cabin heights of roofs of ballast tank highest point is two decks away from baseline height,H 2For distance of the ballast tank permeability cell summit away from two decks；
Step 6：The conventional structure intensity level of ballast tank structural strength check value and ballast tank is contrasted, obtains ballast tank Structure loss of weight weight.
In the present embodiment, we illustrate the ventilative overflow protection of the ballast tank of the present invention using a certain Large Box ship The design method of system.The partial parameters of the Large Box ship are as follows：Length between perpendicularsL=330m；Ballast tank is total to9Group, except bow stern ballast Cabin is only divided into port and starboard2Individual outer, remaining every group is divided into port and starboard bottom ballast tank and port and starboard side ballast tank4It is individual.Side ballast tank Push up as two decks, away from ship baseline23.01m；Upper deck is away from baseline30.24m；Hatch coaming is away from baseline33m.Ballast tank is breathed freely overflow The discharge capacity of ballast pump in protection system is1000m 3 /h, the internal diameter of ballast tank ascending pipe isDN250.Routinely design, each Ballast tank head and the tail need respectively to set1Individual air head, is arranged on hatch coaming450mmPlace, away from baseline33.45m。
In the Large Box ship, if do not used overflow safeguard measure, the design load of ballast tank（That is conventional structure intensity level） It should be33.45m。
According to 2015 editions code requirements of CCS, by ballast pumpage and the internal diameter of ballast tank ascending pipe, Ke Yiji The latus rectum for calculating ventilative return main isDN400.Then, it is by caliberDN400Ventilative return main be arranged on two decks with In aisle between upper deck, the preliminary arrangement for the return main that breathes freely highly is higher than two deck passages2.85Rice, then install Tracheae, float type check valve, row's side of a ship outer tube, overflow alarm, plate check valve and normally open valve.In the ventilative overflow pipe of ballast tank After the installation of road, the most long overflow route of selecting system（That is the maximum flow path all the way of resistance）Carry out drag evaluation. In this example, as shown in figure 1, the distance of most bottom ballast tank to the bow overflow pipe at middle part is farthest, piping resistance is maximum, sees Fig. 1 InABCDEPipeline.When the full cabin of bottom ballast tank, seawater continues after injecting ballast tank, and unnecessary seawater passes throughABCSection enters Ventilative return main, then by the shorter pipeline in pathCDESection discharge row's side of a ship outer tube.
According to Marine Engine Engineering handbook, relevant parameter is found, the on-way resistance value P1 of ballast current can be calculated, in detail Thin computation sheet is as follows：
It can be seen from form, the on-way resistance value of ballast currentP 1=0.00322 MPa。
Likewise, according to Marine Engine Engineering handbook, relevant parameter is found, the local resistance value P2 of ballast current is calculated, It is calculated as follows in detail：
It can be seen from form, the local resistance value of ballast currentP 2=0.00367 MPa。
Therefore, most long overflow routeABCDEThe drag overall value of pipelineP=P 1+P 2=0.00689 MPa≈0.0069MPa, phase When in0.69 mWater column.When drag overall valuePMore than ventilative return main design pressure when, it is necessary to change compared with Large Diameter Pipeline overflow Flow house steward.If the peak of permeability cell to the distance of ventilative return main is more than resistance water-column（I.e.BCThe gooseneck elbow of section Length of tube is more than0.69m）When, can is not provided with float type check valve between permeability cell and ventilative return main, and float-ball type stops Valve is returned with regard to dismountable.
According to most long overflow routeABCDEThe drag overall value of pipelineP, the oneself height of ballast tank and the summit of permeability cell Away from two decks apart from calculating and setting breathe freely overflowing protecting system after ballast tank structural strength check value, i.e. middle part bottom ballast water The structural strength check value in cabin is20.4+3.2+0.69=24.29m.Design load with being not provided with overflowing protecting system33.45m Compare, reduce about27%。
The present invention breathe freely overflowing protecting system by setting ballast tank, can prevent that ballast tank is over-pressed, when ballast tank expires cabin After continue toward in cabin during water filling, excessive seawater can drain into outboard by ventilative overflowing protecting system, can prevent oneself in the cabin in Risen by liquid level；By the control of ballast tank structural strength near ventilative return main's height, the structure of ballast tank is greatly reduced Intensity, reduce the deadweight of ship, while can largely reduce ballast tank Ventilated cap quantity, avoid opening up in main deck slab area More hole.It is located at the Large Container Ship or container of the like configurations such as two decks rather than open deck for side ballast tank top Roll-on-roll-off ship has good weight loss effect.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof；To the greatest extent The present invention is described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments for pipe, those of ordinary skills in the art should understand that；Still The embodiment of the present invention can be modified or equivalent substitution is carried out to some technical characteristics；Without departing from this hair The spirit of bright technical scheme, it all should cover among the claimed technical scheme scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

  1. The design method of overflowing protecting system 1. a kind of ballast tank is breathed freely, it is characterised in that specifically include following steps：
    Step 1：Arrange the trend of the ventilative return main of ballast tank；
    Step 2：The caliber of ventilative return main and permeability cell is calculated according to ballast pumpage and ballast injection bore, according to meter Calculate ventilative return main and the permeability cell of the corresponding caliber of result selection；
    Step 3：According to the position of ship section structure and ballast tank, by ventilative return main be arranged on two decks and upper deck it Between aisle in, the setting height(from bottom) of ventilative return main be higher than two deck passages watertight doors, ballast tank and base pressure load on side The cabin top of water tank opens up multiple air-vents and fixes a permeability cell on each air-vent respectively, one end of permeability cell with thoroughly Stomata is connected, and the other end is connected with ventilative return main；Every permeability cell and the junction of ventilative return main are respectively provided with There is float type check valve, connect row's side of a ship outer tube respectively at the first and last end of ventilative return main；Overflow in row's side of a ship outer tube with ventilative Intersection's fixed weir alarm of house steward is flowed, in the every water outlet for arranging side of a ship outer tube difference mounting plate type check-valves and normally opened Valve；
    Step 4：The on-way resistance value of the ballast current of most long overflow route in computing system pipelineP 1With local Resistance ValueP 2, root Drag overall value is obtained according to on-way resistance value and local Resistance ValueP,P=P 1+P 2, calculate the resistance water-column corresponding to drag overall valueH 3；
    Step 5：Ballast is highly calculated according to the permeability cell on resistance water-column, the oneself height of ballast tank and side ballast tank Cabin structure strength check value H, the ballast tank structural strength check value meet formula：H=H 1+H 2+H 3, wherein,H 1For ballast tank The height on highest point cabin top is two decks away from baseline height,H 2For distance of the ballast tank permeability cell summit away from two decks；
    Step 6：The conventional structure intensity level of ballast tank structural strength check value and ballast tank is contrasted, obtains ballast tank Structure loss of weight weight.
  2. The design method of overflowing protecting system 2. ballast tank according to claim 1 is breathed freely, it is characterised in that the step Also include step 4.1 in 4：Judge whether peak to the difference in height of ventilative return main of permeability cell is more than resistance water column height Degree, if being more than, removes float type check valve.
  3. The design method of overflowing protecting system 3. ballast tank according to claim 1 is breathed freely, it is characterised in that the ballast The calculation formula of current on-way resistance value is：P 1=λ(L/d i )[ρv 2 /(2g)], wherein,P 1For the on-way resistance value of ballast current,λFor pipeline coefficient of frictional resistance,LLength for permeability cell to overflow pipe outlet side,d i For ips,ρFor fluid density,v For rate of flow of fluid,gFor acceleration of gravity；
    The calculation formula of local resistance value is：P 2=ζρv 2 /(2g), wherein,P 2For the local resistance value of ballast current,ζFor pipeline Annex coefficient of partial resistance.
  4. The design method of overflowing protecting system 4. ballast tank according to claim 1 is breathed freely, it is characterised in that the side pressure The permeability cell and the permeability cell on bottom ballast tank cabin top for carrying water tank cabin top are in sustained height.
  5. The design method of overflowing protecting system 5. ballast tank according to claim 4 is breathed freely, it is characterised in that described ventilative Manage as gooseneck elbow.
  6. The overflowing protecting system 6. a kind of ballast tank is breathed freely, it is characterised in that including be arranged at two underdeck side ballast tanks and Bottom ballast tank, side ballast tank and the permeability cell on bottom ballast tank cabin top are separately positioned on, is arranged at two decks and upper deck Between ventilative return main in aisle, and be separately fixed at row's side of a ship outer tube at ventilative return main's first and last end；It is described ventilative One end of pipe is connected with side ballast tank or bottom ballast tank, and the other end passes through float type check valve and ventilative return main's phase Connection；Every row's side of a ship outer tube and the equal fixed weir alarm of intersection of ventilative return main, every is arranged going out for side of a ship outer tube The mouth of a river is fixed with plate check valve and normally open valve successively along water (flow) direction.
  7. The design method of overflowing protecting system 7. ballast tank according to claim 6 is breathed freely, it is characterised in that described ventilative The setting height(from bottom) of return main is higher than two deck passages watertight doors.
CN201710523039.5A 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 A kind of ventilative overflowing protecting system of ballast tank and its design method Pending CN107804423A (en)

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CN110371250A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-10-25 广船国际有限公司 Ventilative bollard
CN110466708A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-11-19 广船国际有限公司 The tapping equipment of half ship floating ballast water of ship and its installation and application method
CN111619731A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-09-04 广船国际有限公司 Ship ballast tank exhaust overflow system and ship
CN111824328A (en) * 2020-07-23 2020-10-27 广船国际有限公司 Method for preventing overflow of ship ballast water
CN112061312A (en) * 2020-09-17 2020-12-11 中国船舶科学研究中心 Air pipe system gas collecting device for scientific investigation ship

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