CN107797138A - The improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method in a kind of advance geologic prediction - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/01—Measuring or predicting earthquakes
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- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
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Abstract
The invention belongs to geologic prediction technical field, discloses the improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method in a kind of advance geologic prediction, including：The optimization of measuring coordinate, the optimization of explosive source, the optimization of arrangement parameter, the optimization of data interpretation.Measurement geodetic coordinates is changed to relative coordinate；Choose 4.54kg sledgehammer explosive source；In seismic data gatherer process, stop the construction activities in tunnel；Offset distance takes 15m~20m, focus spacing to take 2.0m；Form geology physical prospecting comprehensive forecasting method.The above-mentioned improvement and optimization of the present invention not only increase the practicality of TRT advance geologic predictions, have saved the plenty of time, and can obtain better seismic data, obtain accurate advance geologic prediction achievement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forecast precision influence factor in geologic prediction technical field, more particularly to a kind of advance geologic prediction
Improvement and optimization method.
Background technology
In recent years, as country all exists to a large amount of inputs, hydraulic engineering, highway engineering, railway engineering etc. of infrastructure
The development advanced by leaps and bounds.Substantial amounts of tunnel engineering is emerged in large numbers in the process of construction of these infrastructure, due to constructing early stage
Matter survey is limited by exploratory techniques, prospecting funds, it is difficult to which geological disaster may be occurred exactly by predicting in tunnel construction
Position, property and scale, with the progressively development of tunnel construction, water burst, prominent mud, cave in, the Frequent Accidents such as water environmental impact,
Therefore, it is very necessary that advance geologic prediction is carried out in inrush during tunneling.
TRT technologies application seismic wave prospecting technique studies reservoir stress release phenomenon and earth formation scanning imagery,
On focus, focus is used as using hammering, makes exploration cost more and more lower, operation is more and more convenient；On software, it is successfully realized
The leap of 3D imagings is imaged onto by 2D so that it is more accurate, comprehensive, directly perceived that exploration result is shown.Therefore, TRT technologies emerge
Greatly advance tunnel Geological Prediction Technology.
Traditional measuring coordinate is geodetic coordinates, measure traverse line need to be drawn from hole external pelivimetry control point in hole, measurement process
Complexity, it is not only time-consuming, laborious, and also measurement data is less directly perceived, it is difficult to live debugging.Various construction activities in tunnel be present,
The vibrations of construction equipment cause greatly to disturb to seismic wave data acquisition.Conventional offset away from focus and detector interval 10m
~20m, when offset distance selects not at that time, easily to be disturbed by focus, some interference signals such as face ripple can be made to compare development in addition；
Conventional seismic source spacing is 1~2m, due to tunnel particular surroundings limit, when focus spacing select it is improper, prediction error can be increased.
Traditional data interpretation methods are that physical prospecting professional and technical personnel is interpreted according to advance geologic prediction result map picture, due to physical prospecting
Professional and technical personnel generally lacks necessary understanding and grasping to tunnel front geological condition, during data interpretation, occurs
Fail to judge, judge by accident and can hardly be avoided.In a word, during carrying out advance geologic prediction using TRT, due to complex operation, cumbersome, by the external world
Factor interference is big, and tunnel advance geologic prediction effect is often not ideal, and the advantage of TRT technologies is difficult to bring into play.
The content of the invention
To solve the problems, such as that prior art is present, it is an object of the invention to provide essence is forecast in a kind of advance geologic prediction
Spend improvement and the optimization method of influence factor.
The present invention is achieved in that
The improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method in a kind of advance geologic prediction, in the advance geologic prediction
The improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method include：The optimization of measuring coordinate, the optimization of explosive source, arrangement parameter
Optimization, the optimization of data interpretation；
The optimization of the measuring coordinate includes：The geodetic coordinates of measurement sensor point and focal point is changed to measure each point
Relative coordinate, traditional TRT coordinate datas require measurement each point geodetic coordinates, it is desirable to from hole external pelivimetry datum mark pilot measurement line to
Measured zone in tunnel, measurement process is cumbersome, and measurement data is not directly perceived, after optimization, it is only necessary to measures the relative of each point
Coordinate, the preferable position leveling measuring apparatus of sighting condition can measure near measured zone, and measuring coordinate is straight
See, can scene carry out the correctness of check measurement data, each measurement data can save 1 hour；
The optimization of the explosive source includes：Explosive source；Stop the construction activities in tunnel first, close applying in hole
Work plant equipment, reduces the generation of interfering noise from source, then selects suitable sledgehammer hammering hole wall explosive source, ground
Seismic wave passes to sensor by hole wall, and the data wire by being connected with sensor is delivered to TRT data acquisition modules, finally
Collect seismic data；
The optimization of the arrangement parameter includes：Offset distance takes 15~20m, and the offset distance of TRT arrangements is usually 10~20m,
During experiment, it is that 10~15m, 15~20m are contrasted to choose offset distance respectively, and offset distance during 15~20m by obtaining
Seismic data more preferably, focus spacing is：Max (△ x)=vT/2, in formula：Max (△ x) is maximum focus spacing, and v is
Seismic wave apparent velocity, T are apparent cycle；
The optimization of the data interpretation includes：By collecting the areal geology data of tunnel, hydrogeologic data, early stage are surveyed
The geological condition of achievement and tunnel excavation hole section is examined, carries out tunnel geological mapping, based on existing geologic information, with reference to geology point
Analysis method is analyzed tunnel, can tentatively judge the geological condition in front of tunnel, and predicts work that may be present in front of tunnel
Journey geological problem, by TRT data acquisitions and data processing, intuitively tunnel advance geologic prediction result map picture can be obtained, led to
The analysis to result map picture is crossed, image abnormity zone position and scale existing in front of tunnel are can determine whether out, with reference to geology analytic approach
Analytical conclusions, image may finally accurately be interpreted, representated by image abnormity area existing in front of accurate judgement tunnel
Geologic body type and its position, scale and character, and propose the engineering treatment that gears to actual circumstances.
Further, the measurement sensor point is 10, and focal point is 12；The geodetic coordinates of 22 need measurements altogether.
Further, in the optimization of the explosive source, using 4.54kg sledgehammer explosive source.
Further, in the optimization of the arrangement parameter, focus spacing takes 2.0m；
Another object of the present invention is to the improvement of forecast precision influence factor in a kind of advance geologic prediction of offer and
Optimization system.
The present invention has the advantage that and positive method is：Geodetic coordinates is changed to relative coordinate, measurement process is simple, easy
OK, measurement data is directly perceived, can be with the correctness of site inspection measurement data, and each measuring coordinate can save 1 hour；Choose
4.54kg (10 pounds) sledgehammer explosive source, in practice it has proved that compared to the effect of the sledgehammer explosive source collection signal using other specifications
Fruit is optimal, and practical is most strong；In seismic data gatherer process, stop the construction activities in tunnel as far as possible, particularly
Strong elastic wave interference noise caused by air drill, mixer etc., the generation of interference noise can be reduced from source；Practice card
Bright to take offset distance be 15~20m, focus spacing is that 2.0m is tested, and the seismic data quality of acquisition is good；Geology
Technical staff reconnoitres data early stage by survey region geologic information and tunnel, and the geological record money of hole section has been excavated with reference to tunnel
Material, it is preliminary to grasp Main Engineering Geological Problems existing in front of tunnel, physical prospecting professional and technical personnel carry out on-site data gathering and
Data processing, reliable TRT result maps picture is obtained, existing geology, Use of Geophysical Data, common ginseng are integrated by geology and physical prospecting personnel
Worked with TRT data interpretation, form the geology physical prospecting comprehensive forecasting method that geological analysis method is combined with geophysical prospecting, Ke Yizhun
Really unfavorable geology body position, scale and the character in front of forecast tunnel, and propose to suit the actual project treatment suggestion of engineering.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the optimization method flow chart of measuring coordinate provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the optimization method flow chart of explosive source provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
The improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method include in advance geologic prediction provided in an embodiment of the present invention：
The optimization of measuring coordinate, the optimization of explosive source, the optimization of arrangement parameter, the optimization of data interpretation.
The optimization of the measuring coordinate includes：The geodetic coordinates of measurement sensor point and focal point is changed to measure each point
Relative coordinate；
The optimization of the explosive source includes：Explosive source；Gather seismic data；
The optimization of the arrangement parameter includes：Offset distance takes 15m~20m, and focus spacing is：Max (△ x)=vT/2,
In formula：Max (△ x) is maximum focus spacing, and v is seismic wave apparent velocity, and T is apparent cycle；
The optimization of the data interpretation includes：By collecting the areal geology data of tunnel, hydrogeologic data, early stage are surveyed
The geological condition of achievement and tunnel excavation hole section is examined, tunnel geological mapping is carried out, tentatively judges the geological condition in front of tunnel,
And engineering geological problems existing in front of tunnel are predicted, finally it is interpreted with reference to tunnel Geological Advanced Prediction result map picture.
With reference to concrete analysis, the invention will be further described.
The optimization of the measuring coordinate includes：The geodetic coordinates of measurement sensor point and focal point is changed to measure each point
Relative coordinate, traditional TRT coordinate datas require measurement each point geodetic coordinates, it is desirable to from hole external pelivimetry datum mark pilot measurement line to
Measured zone in tunnel, measurement process is cumbersome, and measurement data is not directly perceived, after optimization, it is only necessary to measures the relative of each point
Coordinate, the preferable position leveling measuring apparatus of sighting condition can measure near measured zone, and measuring coordinate is straight
See, can scene carry out the correctness of check measurement data, each measurement data can save 1 hour；
The optimization of the explosive source includes：Explosive source；Stop the construction activities in tunnel first, close applying in hole
Work plant equipment, reduces the generation of interfering noise from source, then selects suitable sledgehammer hammering hole wall explosive source, ground
Seismic wave passes to sensor by hole wall, and the data wire by being connected with sensor is delivered to TRT data acquisition modules, finally
Collect seismic data；
The optimization of the arrangement parameter includes：Offset distance takes 15~20m, and the offset distance of TRT arrangements is usually 10~20m,
During experiment, it is that 10~15m, 15~20m are contrasted to choose offset distance respectively, and offset distance during 15~20m by obtaining
Seismic data more preferably, focus spacing is：Max (△ x)=vT/2, in formula：Max (△ x) is maximum focus spacing, and v is
Seismic wave apparent velocity, T are apparent cycle；
The optimization of the data interpretation includes：By collecting the areal geology data of tunnel, hydrogeologic data, early stage are surveyed
The geological condition of achievement and tunnel excavation hole section is examined, carries out tunnel geological mapping, based on existing geologic information, with reference to geology point
Analysis method is analyzed tunnel, can tentatively judge the geological condition in front of tunnel, and predicts work that may be present in front of tunnel
Journey geological problem, by TRT data acquisitions and data processing, intuitively tunnel advance geologic prediction result map picture can be obtained, led to
The analysis to result map picture is crossed, image abnormity zone position and scale existing in front of tunnel are can determine whether out, with reference to geology analytic approach
Analytical conclusions, image may finally accurately be interpreted, representated by image abnormity area existing in front of accurate judgement tunnel
Geologic body type and its position, scale and character, and propose the engineering treatment that gears to actual circumstances.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the optimization method of measuring coordinate provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes：
S101, by the geodetic coordinates of measurement sensor point and focal point be changed to measure each point relative coordinate；
When S102, each sensor points of measurement and focal point relative coordinate, it is good that total powerstation need to be placed in sighting condition in hole
Position；
S103, leveling total powerstation can measure.
As shown in Fig. 2 as the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the optimization method of the explosive source includes：
S201, the sledgehammer explosive source for choosing 4.54kg；
S202, in seismic data gatherer process, stop tunnel in construction activities, by making an uproar in data acquisition
Sound interference is minimized.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the optimization of the arrangement parameter includes：The focus of offset distance takes with wave detector
15m~20m, focus spacing take 2.0m.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the optimization of the data interpretation includes：Geological technique personnel and geophysical prospecting technology
Personnel participate in data interpretation jointly, by collect the areal geology data of tunnel, hydrogeologic data, investigation result early stage and
The geological condition of tunnel excavation hole section, tunnel geological mapping is carried out if necessary, tentatively judges the geological condition in front of tunnel, and in advance
Engineering geological problems that may be present in front of tunnel are surveyed, are finally interpreted with reference to tunnel Geological Advanced Prediction result map picture.
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
The improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method include in advance geologic prediction provided in an embodiment of the present invention：
1st, the optimization of measuring coordinate
According to sensor points and the needs of focus point location, traditional TRT advance geologic predictions require measurement sensor point
With the geodetic coordinates of focal point, measurement is accurate within 10cm.TRT advanced geology prediction systems share 10 sensor points and 12
Individual focal point, geodetic coordinates need to be measured by adding up 22 points.Measurement geodetic coordinates need to draw from hole external pelivimetry control point measure traverse line to
In hole, measurement process is complicated, and needs take a substantial amount of time and energy.
According to the characteristics of TRT execute-in-places and the needs of tunnel seimic wave velocity model are established, are thought, in reality
In operating process, the requirement of TRT advance geologic predictions can be met by measuring the relative coordinate of each point, i.e., by measurement sensor point with
The geodetic coordinates of focal point is changed to measure the relative coordinate of each point.Total powerstation is placed in the preferable position of sighting condition in hole, adjusted
Flat total powerstation is measurable relative coordinate, and therefore, after geodetic coordinates is changed into relative coordinate, measurement process is simple, easy, measurement
Data are directly perceived, not only can be with the correctness of site inspection measurement data, and measuring coordinate can save about 1 hour every time.
2nd, the optimization of explosive source
2.1 seismic source energy
In tunnel seismic prospecting, in order to collect required seismic wave information, a variety of focus can be selected, no
By which kind of focus used, being required to focus has：1. the source wavelet of epicenter excitation should have the uniformity of height；2. focus
There should be certain energy；3. the frequency spectrum that focus is excited should be as far as possible wide.
For different lithology, the decay of energy it is also different, velocity of wave is propagated fast in the good rock of integrality
Energy attenuation is small, and depth of exploration is larger, and the slow energy attenuation of velocity of wave propagation is big in highly weathered rock and sandy soil layer, depth of exploration
It is limited.
TRT advanced geology prediction systems are using hammering focus, and in general, hammering focus can reach a depth of exploration 100m left sides
The right side, maximum can reach 200m in the case of wall rock condition is preferable.
Currently used hammering focus has 8.16kg (18 pounds), 5.44kg (12 pounds), 4.54kg (10 pounds), 2.72kg (6
Pound) four kinds of sledgehammer explosive sources.The excitation energy of 8.16kg (18 pounds) iron hammer is most strong in the hammering focus of this 4 kinds of weight
, but due to sledgehammer weight it is excessive after, a part of country rock is smashed or deformed, and hammering energy is absorbed by rock, causes energy to decline
Subtract it is very fast, and when sledgehammer weight is excessive, manually brandish sledgehammer hammer it is relatively elaborate；When reducing sledgehammer weight, excite
Energy decreases.Therefore, the sledgehammer for choosing 4.54kg (10 pounds) taps complete palisades explosive source, in practice it has proved that chooses
4.54kg (10 pounds) sledgehammer explosive source works well.
2.2 reduce interference noise
TRT advanced geology prediction systems are using hammering epicenter excitation elastic wave, relative to the advance geologic prediction equipment such as TSP
Using dynamite source, the elastic wave energy excited is relatively small, it is desirable to which sensor will have higher sensitivity.Tunnel construction scene
Generally there are a variety of construction equipments to be currently running, it is possible to different interference noises is produced, in order to reduce the generation of interference noise,
In seismic data gatherer process, stop the construction activities in tunnel as far as possible, particularly caused by air drill, mixer etc. strongly
Elastic wave interference noise.
3rd, the optimization of arrangement parameter
3.1 smallest offsets away from
Smallest offset away from referring to distance of the geophone station to nearest focus, smallest offset away from design be different from surface seismic
Exploration, i.e., to receive P ripples (compressional wave) will also receive S ripples (shear wave).Therefore, on the basis of compressional wave effectively receives, to swash
Hair reception energy is sufficiently strong, has the converted shear wave of certain resolution capability, and the generation of converted shear wave is only when P ripples are illegal
During line incidence, and only when incidence angle is more than certain angle, just there is sufficiently strong converted shear wave to produce, here it is so-called horizontal stroke
Window during ripple.
Offset distance is an important parameter, if parameter selection is suitable, can reducing introducing as far as possible, other are dry
Signal (such as face ripple, sound wave, focus interference) is disturbed, if parameter selection is too small, is easily disturbed by focus, face ripple can be made in addition
Compare development Deng some interference signals；If parameter selection is too big, reflected energy can be weakened, so as to influence the quality of data.Make
In, it need to be carried out according to actual conditions and tested, smallest offset is away from typically taking 10~20m.
Focal point range sensor is near, and because through wave energy is larger, reflected signal is strong, has compacting to make to low-resistance antinoise signal
With, after keeping a determining deviation, Low ESR positive effect.Due to the harm geological structures such as detection goaf, weak band, more concerns
Low ESR is abnormal, between 15~20m of focus and wave detector holding.
3.2 focus spacing
Select focus spacing should be can reliably recognize the same phase of same significant wave as principle in earthquake record.Energy
It is no reliably to recognize same phase, the time difference △ t that significant wave caused by earthquake adjacent sources reaches wave detector is depended mainly on,
The annoyance level of the apparent cycle of recorded significant wave and other ripples to significant wave.If apparent cycle of the significant wave on stratigraphic record
For T, then the basic principle of focus spacing △ x selections should make the half that time △ t is less than apparent cycle T, i.e. △ t ＜ T/2.So
Just the same phase of significant wave can reliably be recognized., whereas if △ t ＞ T/2, it is likely that cause phase-contrast mistake, i.e.,
It is possible to different phases to misdeem.
Consider earthquake significant wave apparent velocity, focus spacing is generally set to max (△ x)=vT/2 to greatest extent, in formula：
Max (△ x) is maximum focus spacing, and v is seismic wave apparent velocity, and T is apparent cycle.
Therefore, the selection in exploration to focus spacing should meet requirements above, suppress the appearance of space aliasing, focus
Spacing selection is the smaller the better.
In actually exploring, focus spacing is also an important parameter, because the particular surroundings of tunnel limits, such as
The selection of fruit parameter is too small, can increase error, omit some information；If parameter selection is too big, in addition to it can influence to receive energy, also
Space aliasing can be produced, it is necessary to be determined with reference to concrete conditions such as tunnel excavation, rock properties.
It is that 2.0m is tested to choose focus spacing, practice have shown that the seismic data matter that focus spacing obtains when being 2.0m
Amount is good.
4th, the optimization of data interpretation
The work of tunnel advance geologic prediction is not simple Geophysical Work, but what Geophysical Work was combined with geological work
One comprehensive sex work.Adhere to the advance geologic prediction principle of " based on geology, geology physical prospecting is combined ", TRT three-dimensionals into
As the achievement data interpretation of figure will be edited and recorded, hole internal pressure (note) water tries based on early stage geological mapping data according to drilling core
The geological mapping profile of the data such as achievement, borehole sonic, survey region geologic information and tunnel is tested, with reference to face in tunnel
Geological record data, the data interpretation for participating in TRT three-dimensional imaging figures jointly by geology and physical prospecting personnel works, and geology and physical prospecting
Personnel all should possess quite abundant engineering experience.Form the geology physical prospecting total score that geological analysis method is combined with geophysical prospecting
Analysis method, it can propose to suit the actual engineering department of engineering with unfavorable geology body position, scale and the character in front of accurate forecast tunnel
Reason is suggested.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (7)
1. the improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method in a kind of advance geologic prediction, it is characterised in that described advanced
The improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method include in geologic prediction：The optimization of measuring coordinate, the optimization of explosive source,
The optimization of arrangement parameter, the optimization of data interpretation；
The optimization of the measuring coordinate includes：The geodetic coordinates of measurement sensor point and focal point is changed to measure the relative of each point
Coordinate；
The optimization of the explosive source includes：Explosive source；Gather seismic data；
The optimization of the arrangement parameter includes：Offset distance takes 15m~20m, and focus spacing is：Max (△ x)=vT/2, in formula：
Max (△ x) is maximum focus spacing, and v is seismic wave apparent velocity, and T is apparent cycle；
The optimization of the data interpretation includes：By collect the areal geology data of tunnel, hydrogeologic data, prospecting early stage into
Fruit and the geological condition of tunnel excavation hole section, tunnel geological mapping is carried out, tentatively judges the geological condition in front of tunnel, and in advance
Engineering geological problems existing in front of tunnel are surveyed, are finally interpreted with reference to tunnel Geological Advanced Prediction result map picture.
2. the improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method in advance geologic prediction as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is,
The optimization of the explosive source includes：Explosive source；Stop the construction activities in tunnel, the construction machine closed in hole first
Tool equipment；Then hole wall explosive source is hammered, TRT data acquisition modules are delivered to by the data wire being connected with sensor, most
Seismic data is collected eventually.
3. the improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method in advance geologic prediction as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is,
The optimization of the data interpretation includes：By collect the areal geology data of tunnel, hydrogeologic data, prospecting early stage into
Fruit and the geological condition of tunnel excavation hole section, carry out tunnel geological mapping；Tunnel is analyzed with reference to geology analytic approach, just
Step judges the geological condition in front of tunnel, and predicts engineering geological problems existing in front of tunnel；By TRT data acquisitions and
Data processing, obtain intuitively tunnel advance geologic prediction result map picture；By the analysis to result map picture, before judging tunnel
Image abnormity zone position and scale existing for side；With reference to the analytical conclusions of geology analytic approach, finally image is accurately interpreted,
Geologic body type and its image abnormity zone position, scale and property existing in front of accurate judgement tunnel representated by image abnormity area
Shape, and propose engineering treatment.
4. the improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method in advance geologic prediction as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is, the measurement sensor point is 10, and focal point is 12；The geodetic coordinates of 22 need measurements altogether.
5. the improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method in advance geologic prediction as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is, in the optimization of the explosive source, using 4.54kg sledgehammer explosive source.
6. the improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method in advance geologic prediction as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is, in the optimization of the arrangement parameter, focus spacing takes 2.0m.
7. it is a kind of as claimed in claim 1 in advance geologic prediction the improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization method it is advanced
The improvement of forecast precision influence factor and optimization system in geologic prediction.
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