CN107786315B - Usage quota authorization method and device - Google Patents
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- CN107786315B CN107786315B CN201610748225.4A CN201610748225A CN107786315B CN 107786315 B CN107786315 B CN 107786315B CN 201610748225 A CN201610748225 A CN 201610748225A CN 107786315 B CN107786315 B CN 107786315B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/24—Accounting or billing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/14—Charging, metering or billing arrangements for data wireline or wireless communications
- H04L12/1403—Architecture for metering, charging or billing
- H04L12/1407—Policy-and-charging control [PCC] architecture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/14—Charging, metering or billing arrangements for data wireline or wireless communications
- H04L12/1432—Metric aspects
- H04L12/1435—Metric aspects volume-based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/06—Generation of reports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
- H04L5/0064—Rate requirement of the data, e.g. scalable bandwidth, data priority
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for authorizing a usage quota, relates to the technical field of communication, and aims to solve the problems of untimely usage monitoring, low usage monitoring precision and heavy message transmission load of a network element in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a usage report from a policy control and charging rules function (PCRF); and sending a response message to the usage report to the PCRF, wherein the response message carries the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment so as to carry out corresponding usage quota authorization.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for authorizing a usage quota.
Background
The PCC (Policy Control and Charging) architecture maps the QoS (Quality of Service) requirement of the application level session Service data flow to the QoS requirement of the IP-CAN (IP-Connectivity Access Network) Access transport Network bearer level Service to guarantee data transmission, and CAN also implement the Charging function of the Service data flow level according to the Charging Policy of the operator. The PCC architecture includes: a PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function) entity, a PCEF (Policy and Charging implementation Function) entity, an AF (Application Function) entity, and the like.
Wherein, the AF can provide service information to the PCRF. The PCRF is a policy and charging control policy decision point for service data flows and IP bearer resources, and can select and provide available policy and charging control decisions for the PCEF.
In the prior art, the PCEF may report the usage amount to the PCRF, after the PCRF is reported, the usage amount is reported to the AF through an RAR (Re-Auth-Request) message, the AF immediately replies an RAA (Re-Auth-Answer) message to confirm after receiving the usage amount, and then issues the next usage quota fragment to the PCRF through an AAR (AA-Request, authentication and authorization Request). And the PCRF issues the usage quota fragment to the PCEF so that the PCEF monitors the usage according to the usage quota fragment.
However, the message interaction process of the usage reporting and quota issuing method is complicated, and a large delay may occur in the reporting and issuing, so that the usage monitoring is not timely, the usage monitoring precision is affected, and the message transmission load of the network elements such as AF, PCRF, PCEF and the like is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for authorizing a usage quota, so as to solve the problems of untimely usage monitoring, low accuracy of usage monitoring, and heavy load of message delivery of a network element in the prior art.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a usage quota authorization method, including: receiving a usage report from a policy control and charging rules function (PCRF); and sending a response message to the usage report to the PCRF, wherein the response message carries the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment so as to carry out corresponding usage quota authorization.
Optionally, the receiving the usage report from the PCRF includes: receiving the usage report by receiving a re-authorization request (RAR) message from the PCRF; the response message to the usage report comprises a re-authorization response, RAA, message.
Optionally, after receiving the usage report from the policy control and charging rules function entity PCRF, and before sending a response message to the usage report to the PCRF, the method further includes: determining the size of the next usage quota slice according to the usage report; and configuring the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment with the determined size into the response message.
Optionally, the configuration information of the usage quota fragment is implemented by adding an initiating connection Data connected-Connectivity-Data field in the response message.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a usage quota authorization method, which comprises the following steps: sending a usage report to an application function entity (AF); receiving a response message of the AF to the usage report, wherein the response message carries configuration information of a next usage quota fragment; and sending the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment to a Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) entity so that the PCEF carries out usage monitoring according to the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment.
Optionally, the sending the usage report to the application function entity AF includes: sending the usage report by sending a re-authorization request (RAR) message to an application function entity (AF); the response message to the usage report comprises a re-authorization response, RAA, message.
On the other hand, the present invention further provides an authorization apparatus for usage quota, including: the first receiving unit is used for receiving a usage report from a policy control and charging rules function (PCRF); and the first sending unit is used for sending a response message to the usage report to the PCRF, and the response message carries the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment so as to carry out corresponding usage quota authorization.
Optionally, the first receiving unit is specifically configured to receive the usage report by receiving a re-authorization request RAR message from the PCRF; the response message to the usage report comprises a re-authorization response, RAA, message.
Further, the apparatus may further include: a determining unit, configured to determine, after receiving a usage report from a policy control and charging rules function entity PCRF, a size of a next usage quota slice according to the usage report before sending a response message to the usage report to the PCRF; and a configuration unit, configured to configure the configuration information of the next usage quota slice after the size is determined by the determining unit into the response message.
Optionally, the configuration information of the usage quota fragment is implemented by adding an initiating connection Data connected-Connectivity-Data field in the response message.
On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an authorization apparatus for usage quota, including: a second sending unit, configured to send the usage report to an application function entity AF; a second receiving unit, configured to receive a response message of the AF for the usage report, where the response message carries configuration information of a next usage quota slice; the second sending unit is further configured to send the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment to a policy and charging enforcement function entity PCEF, so that the PCEF performs usage monitoring according to the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment.
Optionally, the second sending unit is specifically configured to send the usage report by sending a re-authorization request RAR message to an application function entity AF; the response message to the usage report comprises a re-authorization response, RAA, message.
According to the method and the device for authorizing the usage quota, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the application function entity can receive the usage report from the PCRF, feed back the response message to the PCRF in time, and realize authorization of the next round of usage quota by carrying the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment in the response message. Therefore, the configuration information of the usage quota slice can be issued only by one information interaction, so that the message interaction and the waiting time delay between network elements of AF and PCRF systems are effectively reduced, and the usage monitoring is more accurate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a network system on which an authorization method of a usage quota is based according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a usage quota authorization method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is another flowchart of a usage quota authorization method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a detailed flowchart of a usage quota authorization method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a usage quota authorization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an authorization apparatus for usage quota according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
In order to describe the usage quota authorization method provided by the present invention more accurately, a network system to which the authorization method is directed is briefly introduced first. As shown in fig. 1, the PCC architecture includes several functional entities shown in fig. 1: PCRF, PCEF, Bearer Binding and Event Reporting Function (BBERF, Bearer Binding and Event Reporting Function), AF (Application Function), TDF (Traffic Detection Function), SPR (Subscription Profile Reporting, user Subscription database), OFCS (Offline charging system), and OCS (Online charging system).
The PCRF is mainly responsible for formulating the policy and charging rules, issuing the formulated PCC policy and charging rules to the PCEF through the Gx interface, installing and executing the PCC policy by the PCEF, reporting related events and interacting charging information with the charging system. The PCRF issues a Quality of Service (QoS) rule to the BBERF through the Gxx interface, and the BBERF does not interact charging information with a charging system and is only responsible for bearing binding and reporting of related events. And the PCRF issues the service information to be monitored to the TDF through the Sd interface, and the TDF executes service monitoring and reports the service information to the PCRF. The AF provides traffic information to the PCRF over the Rx interface. The SPR stores service information signed by the user, and the PCRF can inquire the service information signed by the user from the SPR through the Sp interface. The OCS reports policy counter status information related to user consumption to the PCRF over the Sy interface. And the PCEF sends the online charging information to the OCS through the Gy interface for online charging statistics, and sends the offline charging information to the OFCS through the Gz interface. And the TDF sends the online charging information based on the service to the OCS through the Gyn interface, and sends the offline charging information based on the service to the OFCS through the Gz n interface.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for authorizing a usage quota, which is based on an AF, and includes:
s11, receiving a usage report from the policy control and PCRF;
s12, sending a response message to the usage report to the PCRF, where the response message carries configuration information of a next usage quota fragment, so as to perform corresponding usage quota authorization.
According to the usage quota authorization method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the application function entity can receive the usage report from the PCRF, feed back the response message to the PCRF in time, and realize authorization of the next round of usage quota by carrying the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment in the response message. Therefore, the configuration information of the usage quota slice can be issued only by one information interaction, so that the message interaction and the waiting time delay between network elements of AF and PCRF systems are effectively reduced, and the usage monitoring is more accurate.
Specifically, in the process of interaction between the core network and the user equipment, usage control and charging may be performed on various services of the user equipment, for example, usage monitoring may be performed on the number of clicks, call time, and traffic of the user. The PCC system may do this.
Optionally, in step S11, the receiving the usage report from the PCRF may include: receiving the usage report by receiving a re-authorization request (RAR) message from the PCRF; based on this, in step S12, the response message to the usage report may specifically include a re-authorization response RAA message.
Specifically, in the PCC system, the PCEF may monitor the corresponding service usage, and carry the usage to the PCRF through a CCR (Credit Control-Request), and then the PCRF may report the usage to the AF through an RAR message, so that the AF obtains the corresponding service usage through the RAR message, so as to perform the next indication. Optionally, the usage report carried in the RAR message may indicate the corresponding usage, for example, a certain user used 350M traffic from the beginning of the month to the present, used 74 minutes of talk time, and the like.
Correspondingly, after receiving the RAR message and knowing the corresponding service usage, the AF may allocate the usage of the next available traffic, call time, or number of clicks, etc. to the user according to the corresponding usage, and transmit the configuration information of the next usage quota slice to the PCRF through the response message to the RAR message, i.e., the RAA message, to perform the corresponding usage quota authorization.
Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the usage report may also be carried by other messages, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Further, in order to better monitor the user usage and effectively improve the user experience, the AF may configure different usage quota slices for the next stage according to different usage situations of the user service usage. Specifically, after receiving the usage report from the PCRF and before sending a response message to the usage report to the PCRF, the usage quota authorization method provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include:
determining the size of the next usage quota slice according to the usage report;
and configuring the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment with the determined size into the response message, and then sending the response message to the PCRF.
Optionally, the configuration information of the usage quota slice may be implemented by adding a corresponding field in the response message, for example, by adding a Sponsored-Connectivity-Data field of the initiation connection Data.
Specifically, the usage quota fragmentation information may be added to the RAA of the Rx interface of the AF to the PCRF, and in this embodiment, the deployed-Connectivity-Data is used to carry the configuration information. The connected-Connectivity-Data includes the authorized amount and the usage amount.
The connected-Connectivity-Data has been specified in the standard protocol 3gpp ts29.214, and the message for increasing the usage quota in the RAA is as follows.
Of course, the usage quota information may not be transmitted by using the connected-Connectivity-Data, or the usage quota fragment information may be issued by using an AVP (attribute value pair) in another form, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Correspondingly, as shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a usage quota authorization method, which is based on a PCRF and includes:
s21, sending a usage report to the AF;
s22, receiving a response message of the AF to the usage report, where the response message carries configuration information of a next usage quota slice;
s23, sending the configuration information of the next usage quota slice to the PCEF, so that the PCEF monitors the usage according to the configuration information of the next usage quota slice.
In the method for authorizing a usage quota, provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the PCRF can send the usage report to the AF, obtain the configuration information of the next usage quota slice from the response message of the AF to the usage report, and send the configuration information of the next usage quota slice to the PCEF, so that the PCEF performs usage monitoring according to the configuration information of the next usage quota slice. Therefore, the configuration information of the usage quota slice can be issued only by one information interaction, so that the message interaction and the waiting time delay between network elements of AF and PCRF systems are effectively reduced, and the usage monitoring is more accurate.
Optionally, in step S21, sending the usage report to the application function entity AF may include: sending the usage report by sending a re-authorization request (RAR) message to an AF; accordingly, the response message to the usage report may specifically comprise a re-authorization response, RAA, message.
In the PCC system, the PCEF may monitor the corresponding service usage, and carry the usage to the PCRF through a CCR (Credit Control-Request, Credit Control Request), and then the PCRF may report the usage to the AF through an RAR message, so that the AF obtains the corresponding service usage through the RAR message to perform the next indication. Optionally, the usage report carried in the RAR message may indicate the corresponding usage.
The authorization method of usage quota provided by the present invention is explained in detail by specific embodiments below.
As shown in fig. 4, the method for providing authorization of usage quota according to this embodiment may include the following steps:
step 101: the PCEF reports the used usage amount carried by the Gx interface message CCR to the PCRF;
step 102: the PCRF replies CCA to inform the PCEF that the relevant usage information is received;
step 103: the PCRF simultaneously reports the related usage information to the AF through an Rx interface message RAR;
step 104: the AF replies to the PCRF with RAA carrying new usage quota fragments;
step 105: the PCRF immediately issues a new usage quota fragment to the PCEF through the RAR;
step 106: and the PCEF replies the RAA to the PCRF, and the usage is monitored according to the new usage quota fragment.
In this embodiment, when receiving the usage amount carried by the RAR reported by the PCRF, the AF incidentally issues the next usage quota slice to the PCRF through the RAA according to the usage amount condition. And the PCRF decides to issue a new usage quota fragment to the PCEF according to the usage quota fragment issued by the RAA. By directly issuing the usage quota fragments in the RAA, the method reduces the mode that the original flow additionally issues new usage quota fragments through AAR messages, effectively reduces the message interaction and waiting time delay between AF and PCRF systems, and enables the PCEF to acquire the usage quota fragments more quickly for usage monitoring, thereby enabling the usage monitoring to be more accurate.
Correspondingly, as shown in fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an authorization apparatus for usage quota, including:
a first receiving unit 51, receiving a usage report from a policy control and charging rules function entity PCRF;
a first sending unit 52, configured to send a response message to the usage report to the PCRF, where the response message carries configuration information of a next usage quota slice, so as to perform corresponding usage quota authorization.
The usage quota authorization device provided by the embodiment of the invention can receive the usage report from the PCRF, feed back the response message to the PCRF in time, and realize authorization of the next round of usage quota by carrying the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment in the response message. Therefore, the configuration information of the usage quota slice can be issued only by one information interaction, so that the message interaction and the waiting time delay between network elements of AF and PCRF systems are effectively reduced, and the usage monitoring is more accurate.
Optionally, the first receiving unit 51 is specifically configured to receive the usage report by receiving a re-authorization request RAR message from the PCRF; the response message to the usage report comprises a re-authorization response, RAA, message.
Further, the authorization apparatus for usage quota provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include:
a determining unit, configured to determine, after receiving a usage report from a policy control and charging rules function entity PCRF, a size of a next usage quota slice according to the usage report before sending a response message to the usage report to the PCRF;
and a configuration unit, configured to configure the configuration information of the next usage quota slice after the size is determined by the determining unit into the response message.
Optionally, the configuration information of the usage quota fragment is implemented by adding an initiating connection Data connected-Connectivity-Data field in the response message.
Accordingly, as shown in fig. 6, an apparatus for granting usage quota includes:
a second sending unit 61, configured to send the usage report to the application function entity AF;
a second receiving unit 62, configured to receive a response message of the AF to the usage report, where the response message carries configuration information of a next usage quota slice;
the second sending unit 62 is further configured to send the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment to a policy and charging enforcement function entity PCEF, so that the PCEF performs usage monitoring according to the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment.
The authorization device of usage quota provided in the embodiments of the present invention can send a usage report to the AF, obtain configuration information of a next usage quota slice from a response message of the AF to the usage report, and send the configuration information of the next usage quota slice to the PCEF, so that the PCEF performs usage monitoring according to the configuration information of the next usage quota slice. Therefore, the configuration information of the usage quota slice can be issued only by one information interaction, so that the message interaction and the waiting time delay between network elements of AF and PCRF systems are effectively reduced, and the usage monitoring is more accurate.
Optionally, the second sending unit 62 is specifically configured to send the usage report by sending a re-authorization request RAR message to the application function entity AF; the response message to the usage report comprises a re-authorization response, RAA, message.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the method of the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation manner. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes instructions for enabling a terminal device (such as a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A method for granting usage quotas, comprising:
receiving a usage report from a policy control and charging rules function (PCRF);
and sending a response message to the usage report to the PCRF, wherein the response message carries the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment so as to carry out corresponding usage quota authorization.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the usage report from a policy control and charging rules function (PCRF) entity comprises:
receiving the usage report by receiving a re-authorization request (RAR) message from the PCRF; wherein the RAR message carries the usage report;
the response message to the usage report comprises a re-authorization response, RAA, message.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein after receiving the usage report from a policy control and charging rules function (PCRF) and before sending a response message to the PCRF for the usage report, the method further comprises:
determining the size of the next usage quota slice according to the usage report;
and configuring the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment with the determined size into the response message.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the configuration information of the usage quota fragment is realized by adding an initiating connection Data connected-Connectivity-Data field in the response message.
5. A method for granting usage quotas, comprising:
sending a usage report to an application function entity (AF);
receiving a response message of the AF to the usage report, wherein the response message carries configuration information of a next usage quota fragment;
and sending the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment to a Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) entity so that the PCEF carries out usage monitoring according to the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein said sending the usage report to the application function entity, AF, comprises: sending the usage report by sending a re-authorization request (RAR) message to an application function entity (AF); wherein the RAR message carries the usage report;
the response message to the usage report comprises a re-authorization response, RAA, message.
7. An apparatus for granting usage quotas, comprising:
the first receiving unit is used for receiving a usage report from a policy control and charging rules function (PCRF);
and the first sending unit is used for sending a response message to the usage report to the PCRF, and the response message carries the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment so as to carry out corresponding usage quota authorization.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the first receiving unit is specifically configured to receive the usage report by receiving a re-authorization request, RAR, message from the PCRF; wherein the RAR message carries the usage report;
the response message to the usage report comprises a re-authorization response, RAA, message.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
a determining unit, configured to determine, after receiving a usage report from a policy control and charging rules function entity PCRF, a size of a next usage quota slice according to the usage report before sending a response message to the usage report to the PCRF;
and a configuration unit, configured to configure the configuration information of the next usage quota slice after the size is determined by the determining unit into the response message.
10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9,
the configuration information of the usage quota fragment is realized by adding an initiating connection Data connected-Connectivity-Data field in the response message.
11. An apparatus for granting usage quotas, comprising:
a second sending unit, configured to send the usage report to an application function entity AF;
a second receiving unit, configured to receive a response message of the AF for the usage report, where the response message carries configuration information of a next usage quota slice;
the second sending unit is further configured to send the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment to a policy and charging enforcement function entity PCEF, so that the PCEF performs usage monitoring according to the configuration information of the next usage quota fragment.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the second sending unit is specifically configured to send the usage report by sending a reauthorization request, RAR, message to an application function entity, AF; wherein the RAR message carries the usage report;
the response message to the usage report comprises a re-authorization response, RAA, message.
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| PCT/CN2017/096605 WO2018040867A1 (en) | 2016-08-29 | 2017-08-09 | Usage quantity quota authorization method and device |
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- 2017-08-09 WO PCT/CN2017/096605 patent/WO2018040867A1/en active Application Filing
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| 基于用户配额的LTE用量控制技术研究;池炜成等;《移动通信》;20150530;全文 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018040867A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
| CN107786315A (en) | 2018-03-09 |
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