CN107763152A - Automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle - Google Patents

Automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107763152A
CN107763152A CN201710980901.5A CN201710980901A CN107763152A CN 107763152 A CN107763152 A CN 107763152A CN 201710980901 A CN201710980901 A CN 201710980901A CN 107763152 A CN107763152 A CN 107763152A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
gear
speed
motor
variable block
power motor
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Granted
Application number
CN201710980901.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN107763152B (en
Inventor
朱幕松
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Suzhou Tongsheng Power Technology Co ltd
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/10—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with one or more one-way clutches as an essential feature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H61/32—Electric motors actuators or related electrical control means therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/04—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
    • H02K29/08—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-plates, magneto-resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H2003/0818—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts comprising means for power-shifting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H2003/0822—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the arrangement of at least one reverse gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H2061/2884—Screw-nut devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0021—Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0082—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of reverse speeds
    • F16H2200/0086—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of reverse speeds the gear ratios comprising two reverse speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2033—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with one engaging means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle,By gearbox,Drive gear,Big small transmission gear,Overdrive clutch gear train,Differential gear,Lead screw,Push-pull shaft,Power motor,Shifting motor,Intelligence control device and speed control crank composition,A left side for the overdrive clutch gear train,The rotating speed of right saw tooth is more than a left side,Quickly engaged under the rotary regimes of right clutch saw tooth,In the absence of latch,Beat tooth,Pause and transition in rhythm or melody phenomenon,It is left,The rotating speed of right saw tooth is less than a left side,Skid and separate under the rotary regimes of right clutch saw tooth,Magnetic elastic force makes the friction of clutch saw tooth small,Noise is low,It is less demanding for gear train synchronization,Controlled using simple chopper speed control,Shift time is short,Control circuit of shifting gears is within the opportunity of setting,Control closing and the opening of power motor,Realize big,Without impact synchro-meshing between small variable block gear and overdrive clutch gear,Intelligent controller is according to the payload of power motor,Rotating speed speed,Automatically control the shifting motor and carry out height,Low speed variable block,Starting time-varying bottom gear,Normal speed per hour becomes top gear,Automatically bottom gear is become during upward slope,Effectively solves the improper mechanism damage brought of manual gear change operation.

Description

Automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric tricycle differential motor, is a kind of automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle exactly.
Background technology
At present, with the change of the market demand, the differential speed motor of electro-tricycle experienced in one's hands from the not variable block of beginning Dynamic variable block, but continuous progressive and development the process from manual variable block to automatic shifting, its core are the skill of automatic transmission Art is innovated, and it is the patent of invention that " 2015104435079 " title is " automatic shifting motor " to have a kind of application number, and it being capable of basis The change of motor speed and load, automatic high to low gear speed change, solve the improper mechanism damage brought of manual gear change operation, be a kind of Preferable variable block mode, but the shortcomings that complicated, cost is high be present in its automatic transmission.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of existing automatic shifting motor, the present invention releases a kind of automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle, and it is not only Can high to low gear speed change automatically, solve the improper mechanism damage brought of manual gear change operation, and it is simple in construction, cost is low, can By property height.
The automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle adopt the technical scheme that by gearbox, drive gear, big small transmission gear, Overdrive clutch gear train, differential gear, lead screw, push-pull shaft, power motor, shifting motor, intelligence control device and speed control crank Composition, the automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle set gearbox, and the gearbox sets left shell half and right half-shell, in gearbox Some symmetrical engaging lugs are respectively provided with the left and right half-shell of portion periphery, engaging lug is followed closely left and right half-shell is tight by some connecting screws Gu it is integral, mounting hole is set positioned at speed change box back, right half-shell right-hand member, power motor is set in mounting hole, power motor Left end cap left end is formed with stopping table, and stopping table coincide with mounting hole, and left end cap circumference sets 4 connecting holes, is set in connecting hole Power motor is fastened on right half-shell right-hand member by screw, and the design feature of the automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle is：The power Motor sets drive shaft, after setting drive gear, drive shaft left end to set driving bearing, left shell half rear portion to set on the left of drive shaft Bearing bracket stand, driving bearing are arranged in rear bearing bracket stand, left shell half and right half-shell rear portion setting left axle bolster and right axle bolster, left, Installation Left Drive bearing and right drive bearing in right axle bolster, the interior installation power transmission shaft of left and right drive bearing, the installation of the power transmission shaft left side Big travelling gear is installed on small transmission gear, the right, and the drive gear engages with big travelling gear, the overdrive clutch gear train Axis is set, and the axis left side sets big variable block gear, big variable block gear is set on the right of axis, is set between large and small variable block gear Overdrive clutch gear, overdrive clutch top circle are formed with allocating slot, shaft gear in being set on the right of small variable block gear, small variable block gear with Big travelling gear engagement, big variable block gear engage with small transmission gear, and the left shell half front end sets left big bearing bracket stand, right half-shell Front end sets right big bearing bracket stand, and left big bearing and right big bearing are installed in left and right big bearing bracket stand, and the interior installation of left and right big bearing is left Hollow shaft and right hollow shaft, differential mechanism, the cylindrical setting differential gear of differential mechanism, the axis are installed between left and right hollow shaft Gear engages with differential gear；Upper end sets left tail stock in the left shell half, and upper end sets right sliding axle in right half-shell Frame, left and right tail stock inner circle set push-pull shaft, and push-pull shaft can horizontally slip in left and right tail stock inner circle, the push-pull shaft It is the thick right thin sliding axle in a left side, the thick axle of left end is hollow shaft, and hollow shaft inner circle left end welds push-and-pull nut, the right half-shell Upper end sets centring ring after outer, and centring ring and left tail stock are concentric, the cylindrical setting shifting motor of centring ring, the shifting motor By outer rotor brushless motor, built-in control module and it is outer it is shell integrated form, clamping ring is set on the right of the shell, in clamping ring Circle is coincide with centring ring, and clamping ring circumference sets 4 screws, and change shell is fastened on into right half-shell right-hand member, the outer rotor without Brush motor is formed with axle sleeve at shell left end center, and sleeve outer circle close-fitting installation armature coil, the armature coil is by iron core, coil Formed with Hall sensor, axle sleeve inner circle sets drive shaft, lead screw is made on the right of drive shaft, the lead screw is screwed into push-and-pull spiral shell In cap, outer rotor is set, outer rotor sets end cap, and end cap central close-fitting is installed on the driving shaft, outside end cap in the drive shaft Circle is formed with magnetic conductive cylinder, and magnetic conductive cylinder inner circle sets permanent magnetism circle, and permanent magnetism circle is rearranged by the square permanent magnet of some NdFeB materials, Permanent magnetism circle and armature coil are concentric, and air gap is formed between permanent magnetism circle and armature coil, and the length of permanent magnetism circle is more than armature coil Length, armature coil can not only rotate in the magnetic field of permanent magnetism circle, and energy left and right displacement, drive shaft receive in axle sleeve inner circle It can be horizontally slipped after external force, after external force disappears, armature coil recovers in the centre of permanent magnetism circle length under permanent magnetism circle magneticaction Position, armature coil is produced magnetic elastic force in left and right displacement, being accurately positioned of shifting motor make shifting motor drive shaft with The push-pull shaft is concentric, to reduce friction when outer rotor rotates between lead screw and push-and-pull nut, is set in the middle part of the push-pull shaft Adapter sleeve is put, the preceding lower end of adapter sleeve is formed with driving lever, and the preceding lower end of driving lever is formed with shift fork, and shift fork both ends are formed with sliding block, and sliding block is located at In the allocating slot of overdrive clutch top circle, during outer rotor positive and negative rotation, lead screw driving push-and-pull nut moves left and right, push-pull shaft, With moving left and right, outer rotor push-and-pull overdrive clutch gear is distinguished with large and small variable block gear for driving lever, shift fork, overdrive clutch gear After in place, certain distance still is moved left and right in permanent magnetism circle length range, makes overdrive clutch gear and large and small variable block gear The magnetic elastic force being close to mutually, the Miniature permanent magnet body of the cylindrical setting NdFeB material of outer rotor, permanent magnet polarity are produced respectively It is fore-and-aft direction, left Hall switch and right Hall switch is set in the shell, in the output line of left and right Hall switch is connected to Put control module input, power off shifting motor when Miniature permanent magnet body is close to left Hall switch and right Hall switch, it is left and right suddenly The distance between your switch is the distance of magnetic elastic force caused by outer rotor, and the built-in control module is annular, and it is fixed to be arranged on In the circle of position, include commutation circuit, rotating drive circuit and on-off circuit, built-in control module output end in built-in control module It is connected with armature coil output line；Upper end sets output line socket after gearbox, exports in line socket and assigns output line plug, becomes The preceding upper end of fast case sets speed probe, and the left end cap of speed change box back and power motor sets wire hole, power motor it is defeated Outlet is connected to output line socket by wire hole, and the output line of built-in control module and the output line of speed probe are all connected with To output line socket, the output line of output line plug is a multi-thread cable connection collected to intelligent controller, the intelligence Power motor control module and gearshift control circuit are set inside controller, and intelligent controller is arranged on car bottom, compartment bottom Portion sets 60V batteries, and the power line of 60V batteries is by switch lock connection intelligent controller power end, the speed governing Handle is arranged on bogie car right-hand member, and speed control crank inside sets Hall speed regulator, speed control crank left side Setting pattern switch, becomes Position switch and reversing switch, the Hall speed regulator, mode switch, change position switch and reversing switch are that dial type is manual Switch, their output line connection intelligent controller input.
The overdrive clutch gear train is by axis, large and small variable block gear, overdrive clutch gear, spline housing, axis gear train Into setting left axle bolster and right axle bolster in the middle part of left shell half and right half-shell, left and right bearing bracket stand is interior to install left bearing and right axis Hold, installation axis in left and right middle (center) bearing, the axis is a Step Shaft left small and right large, and axis right-hand member is axis and gear Middle shaft gear made in one piece, middle shaft gear left end set small variable block gear, and axis left end sets big variable block gear, large and small change The inner circle of gear gear is slidably installed with axis, and left clutch gear is formed with the middle part of big variable block gear left end, and small variable block gear is right End middle part is formed with right clutch gear, spline housing is set between left-right clutch gear, axis is cylindrical to be formed with spline external tooth, spline housing Inner circle is formed with spline internal tooth, and spline internal tooth engages with spline external tooth, spline housing it is cylindrical set overdrive clutch gear, it is described surmount from The square interior teeth that fillet of gear is formed with six deciles are closed, overdrive clutch top circle is formed with allocating slot, the cylindrical system of spline housing There are the square outer teeth of six deciles, engaged with the square interior teeth of overdrive clutch gear, the left clutch gear is cylindrical to be formed with The square outer teeth of six deciles, the cylindrical square outer teeth for being formed with six deciles of right clutch gear, the left-right clutch gear Square outer teeth and spline housing square outer teeth specification all same, the square outer teeth of left-right clutch gear can be with The square interior teeth engagement of overdrive clutch gear；Make the left side of six square interior teeth of the overdrive clutch fillet of gear There is left saw tooth, right side is formed with right saw tooth, and the inclined-plane of left and right saw tooth is left and right symmetrical, the left clutch gear Six square outer teeth right sides be formed with left clutch saw tooth, six square outer teeth left sides of the right clutch gear Right clutch saw tooth is formed with, the inclined-plane of left-right clutch saw tooth is left and right symmetrical, the inclined-plane of left clutch saw tooth and institute The inclined-plane for stating left saw tooth coincide, and the inclined-plane on the inclined-plane of right clutch saw tooth and the right saw tooth coincide；Axis left end is set Outer jump ring, big variable block gear left end abut outer jump ring,
The power motor of the automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle selects the brshless DC motor of 8 pole internal rotors, the shifting motor choosing With the miniature outer rotor brushless DC motor comprising built-in control module, the left and right Hall switch is opened from unipolarity Hall Close, the speed probe selects magnetoelectric tachometric transducer, and the probe of magnetoelectric tachometric transducer is cog shape, teeth of popping one's head in At the top of the teeth of top alignment differential gear, the air gap between two teeth tops is 1mm, is set inside intelligent controller dynamic Force motor control module, including commutation, speed governing, gallon, rotating speed detection circuit, rotation speed sensor pulse conversion electricity Road, the conversion of power motor tacho-pulse and comparison circuit.
In the gearshift control circuit set inside intelligent controller, the lower end three-phase output end connection of built-in control module Outer rotor brushless motor, 2 shutdown control terminals of module right-hand member connect left Hall switch output end and right Hall switch output end, mould The high and low gear control terminal connection of block left end becomes the left and right contact in position switch upper end, and the connection change of power motor control module upper right side is stopped Left and right contact is closed, the left and right contact portion power motor control module upper right side in mode switch upper end and change position switch are held jointly, The power end connection 60V batteries of power motor control module, power motor control module left upper end set the 12V electricity of voltage stabilizing Source, the left and right contact portion 12V power ends in reversing switch upper end and ground terminal, built-in control module power end connect with relay 12V power ends, three-terminal regulator block A1 export 5V voltages and powered to double D trigger A2, left and right Hall switch and resistance R1, resistance R1 is powered to Hall speed regulator, and built-in control module earth terminal is grounded by resistance R2, and double D trigger connects into monostable trigger Device, relay J is driven by triode A3, when electric car starts starting using manual mode, mode switch contact is to right-hand member Closure is located at manual gear, and variable block switch contact is located at bottom gear, manual governing handle to right-hand member closure, and the electric car becomes automatically Fast device travels in bottom gear, and when manual variable block switching toggle top gear, built-in control module driving outer rotor brushless motor is just Turn, module drive electric current increases to rated value by zero, resistance R2 voltage drop is risen to high level by low level, triode A4 by Cut-off becomes conducting, and resistance R1 voltages rise, and resistance R3 is that low level, resistance R3 and triode A4 output ends and Hall speed regulator are defeated Going out end and double D trigger reset terminal R is in parallel, power motor control module input is changed into low level, and power motor, which has a power failure, to shut down, Double D trigger reset terminal R=0, this is circuit stable state, becomes top gear when outer rotor brushless motor is driven forward overdrive clutch gear When in place, Miniature permanent magnet body powers off outer rotor brushless motor close to right Hall switch, built-in control module, built-in control module Driving current is reduced to zero by rated value, resistance R1 voltage drop is down to low level by high level, triode A4 is become by conducting Cut-off, resistance R3 and triode A4 output end voltages rise, double D trigger reset terminal R=1, and triode A3 conductings, relay touches Head J1, J2 closes to right-hand member, and Hall speed regulator is connected as automatic control state, and circuit enters temporary stable state, and temporary stability time is 1 second, Determined by R5 and C4 parameter, triode A4 exports high level to power motor control module input, and power motor, which is opened, to be turned Dynamic, after temporary stable state, triode A3 cut-offs, relay contact J1, J2 close to left end, and Hall speed regulator recovers control shape manually State, now automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle be changed into top gear traveling, conversely, ought become position switch manually toggles it to bottom gear by top gear When, built-in control module driving outer rotor brushless motor reversion, the control process that bottom gear is changed by top gear is same as above, the gearshift The key of control circuit is：Speed changer in high, low speed shift process, it is described gearshift control circuit within the opportunity of setting, Closing and the opening of power motor are controlled, is realized between large and small variable block gear and overdrive clutch gear without impact synchro-meshing, mould Formula switch contact is automatic mode to left end closure ground connection, and the control process that the high and low speed gear of automatic mode is exchanged is same as above, and is moved backward It is reverse gear shift to switch the left contact portion 12V power ends in upper end, and C1, C2, C3 are power filtering capacitor.
The principle of the automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle overdrive clutch is：When shifting motor driving lead screw rotates forward, spiral shell Screw mandrel driving push-and-pull nut, pull push-pull shaft, driving lever, shift fork, overdrive clutch gear to be moved to the left, make the overdrive clutch gear Left saw tooth engaged with the left clutch saw tooth, be now bottom gear, when shifting motor driving lead screw reversion when, screw Bar promotes push-pull shaft, driving lever, shift fork, overdrive clutch gear to move right, and makes right saw tooth and the institute of the overdrive clutch gear Right clutch saw tooth engagement is stated, is now top gear, the rotating speed of the left and right saw tooth is more than the left-right clutch saw tooth Rotating speed be to surmount synchronous rotational speed, in surmount under synchronous rotational speed state to be engaged on the lower engagement of magnetic elastic force effect fast, do not deposit In latch, tooth, pause and transition in rhythm or melody phenomenon are beaten, the rotating speed of clutch saw tooth can produce impulsive force when very big more than the rotating speed of saw tooth, therefore, High, low speed variable block it is of short duration during, as long as control clutch saw tooth rotating speed be more than saw tooth rotating speed in certain model Enclose, it is ensured that both are reliably without impact engagement, either bottom gear or top gear, when the rotating speed of clutch saw tooth is less than During the rotating speed of saw tooth, left and right saw tooth is in skidding released state with left-right clutch saw tooth, in shifting motor magnetic bullet Under power effect, gear slipping separation friction is small, noise is low, in the absence of latch, play tooth, pause and transition in rhythm or melody phenomenon, high, low speed variable block gear After being engaged with overdrive clutch gear, both are close to by magnetic elastic force, and the square outer teeth of left-right clutch gear can be with surmounting The square interior teeth engagement of clutch gear, because the end face of inside and outside square teeth is saw tooth, inside and outside square teeth are nibbled The depth of conjunction rotates and reverse difference, and gear just switchs to forward gear, the depth length of engagement, and gear is reversed to reverse gear shift, engagement Depth is short, and therefore, the depth of inside and outside square teeth engagement will meet the engagement requirement of reversing.
The automatic shifting principle of the automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle is：Turn on the power switch, automatic mode switch and Advance position switch, when automatic mode forward gear is normally started to walk, the original state of automatic shifting differential mechanism is electric car：Outer rotor For cylindrical Miniature permanent magnet body close to the left Hall switch, left Hall switch outputs signals to intelligent controller, control variable block electricity Machine stops, and now low speed variable block gear engages with overdrive clutch gear, and keeps certain magnetic attraction to be close to, shifting motor spiral shell Screw mandrel driving push-and-pull nut has lock function when stopping in place, and push-and-pull nut is locked in low gear and put, manual handle speed governing Device, electric car travel in bottom gear, and intelligent controller is according to following programme-control：1. when the tyre revolution that speed probe detects When the current parameters of fast parameter and power motor reach the parameter request of top gear, intelligent controller is by the manual of speed-adjuster of rotary handlebar Control, which is switched to, to be automatically controlled, and intelligent controller exports low level to handle speed governing end, closes down power motor；2. control variable block electricity Machine inverts, and push-and-pull nut moves right, and in power motor shutdown process, overdrive clutch gear internal tooth exits under the state of not stressing Bottom gear；3. push-and-pull nut continues to move right, when the Miniature permanent magnet body is close to the right Hall switch, shifting motor is controlled Stop, high speed variable block gear is close to overdrive clutch gear, and keeps certain magnetic elastic force, if power motor shutdown process Rotating speed slightly larger than tire rotational speed be in surmount synchronous rotational speed when, high speed variable block gear engages immediately with overdrive clutch gear, nibbles Conjunction has the impact of very little in allowed band, if the rotating speed of power motor shutdown process is less than tire rotational speed, high speed variable block tooth Wheel is in skidding released state with overdrive clutch gear, and now intelligent controller exports high level pulse to handle speed governing end, wink Time improves power motor rotating speed, high speed variable block gear is engaged immediately without impact with overdrive clutch gear, is locked in top gear Position, the temporary stability time of high level pulse is 1 second；4. after gear engagement, speed-adjuster of rotary handlebar is switched to manually by intelligent controller Control, when electric car goes up a slope, tire rotational speed parameter and the current parameters of power motor that speed probe detects reach low During the parameter request of speed gear, speed-adjuster of rotary handlebar is switched to and automatically controlled by intelligent controller, and intelligent controller output low level arrives Handle speed governing end, closes down power motor；5. controlling shifting motor reversion, push-and-pull nut is moved to the left, power motor shutdown process In, overdrive clutch gear internal tooth exits top gear under the state of not stressing；6. push-and-pull nut continues to be moved to the left, Miniature permanent magnet body During close to left Hall switch, control shifting motor stops, and low speed variable block gear is close to overdrive clutch gear, and keeps certain Magnetic elastic force, when the rotating speed of power motor shutdown process is less than tire rotational speed, high speed variable block gear is in overdrive clutch gear Skidding released state, now intelligent controller output high level pulse arrive handle speed governing end, instantaneous time raising power motor rotating speed, Low speed variable block gear is engaged immediately with overdrive clutch gear, be locked in bottom gear position, the temporary stability time of high level pulse is 1 Second, this 1 second is not shift time, but the time that power motor rotates automatically after gearshift, therefore overdrive clutch is shifted gears Time is very short；7. after gear engagement, speed-adjuster of rotary handlebar is switched to manual control by intelligent controller.
Mode switch is placed in manual mould by the automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle when using manual mode or reversing control Formula, variable block is carried out with the manual position switch that becomes, advanced, reversing switch is placed in forward gear, power motor rotating forward, before electric car there are two Enter gear, advance, reversing switch are placed in reverse gear shift, power motor reversion, and electric car there are two reverse gear shifts.
The beneficial effect of the automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle is：1. existing automatic shifting synchronous interface scheme is general It is：From common clutch gear group, neutral pause delay process is set, motivation of adjustment motor speed, makes high, low speed variable block gear With being engaged after clutch gear synchronization, its shortcoming is：The program is high for gear synchronous accuracy requirement, causes scheme Structure and program it is complicated, variable block process time length, latch is easily caused in the case of programme-control is unstable, beats tooth and punching Hit, or even out-of-control phenomenon, the automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle uses mechanical overdrive clutch scheme, for high, low speed variable block Gear is synchronously less demanding with overdrive clutch gear rotational speed, using simple chopper speed control, fuzzy control, greatly simplifies complete machine control Scheme processed, improves reliability, eliminates the control hardware and software of complexity；3. the overdrive clutch gear be not present latch, Tooth, pause and transition in rhythm or melody and out-of-control phenomenon are beaten, overdrive clutch is only in the rotating speed of the clutch saw tooth scope very big more than the rotating speed of saw tooth Impact phenomenon just occurs, as long as the rotating speed of control clutch saw tooth is more than the rotating speed of saw tooth in certain scope, can just protect Both cards reliably engage without impact；4. high, low speed variable block gear does not pause with overdrive clutch gear shifting process, intelligence Controller exports high level pulse and improves power motor rotating speed to handle speed governing end, instantaneous time, makes high, low speed variable block gear with surpassing More clutch gear engages immediately, and high-level pulse width is set as 1 second, is not shift time, but is shifting gears within this 1 second The time of power motor automatic start afterwards, therefore overdrive clutch shift time is very short；5. the intelligence that automatic shifting differential mechanism is set Controller, according to the payload of power motor, the change of rotating speed speed, automatically control the shifting motor and carry out high, low speed Variable block, time-varying bottom gear of starting to walk, normal speed per hour become top gear, become bottom gear automatically during upward slope, effectively solve manual gear change operation The improper mechanism damage brought.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle bottom gear state top view cross section structural representation.
Fig. 2 is automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle top gear state top view cross section structural representation.
Fig. 3 is overdrive clutch gear train overlooking the structure diagram.
Fig. 4 is the gearshift control circuit schematic diagram set inside intelligent controller.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle sets gearbox, and the gearbox sets left shell half 1 With right half-shell 2, some symmetrical engaging lugs 3 are respectively provided with the left and right half-shell of periphery in the middle part of gearbox, engaging lug is by some Connecting screw nail 4 is integral by the fastening of left and right half-shell, in speed change box back, right half-shell right-hand member setting mounting hole, mounting hole Power motor 5 is set, and the left end cap left end of power motor is formed with stopping table 6, and stopping table is coincide with mounting hole, and left end cap circumference is set 4 connecting holes are put, set screw 7 that power motor is fastened on into right half-shell right-hand member, the electric car fluid drive in connecting hole The design feature of device is：The power motor sets drive shaft 8, sets drive gear 9 on the left of drive shaft, drive shaft left end is set Driving bearing 10 is put, bearing bracket stand after left shell half rear portion is set, driving bearing is arranged in rear bearing bracket stand, after left shell half and right half-shell Portion sets left axle bolster and right axle bolster, and Left Drive bearing 11 and right drive bearing 12, left and right biography are installed in left and right bearing bracket stand Big travelling gear 15, the driving are installed in installation power transmission shaft 13 in dynamic bearing, power transmission shaft left side installation small transmission gear 14, the right Gear engages with big travelling gear, and the overdrive clutch gear train sets axis 16, and the axis left side sets big variable block gear 17, in Small variable block gear 18 is set on the right of axle, overdrive clutch gear 19, overdrive clutch top circle system are set between large and small variable block gear Have an allocating slot 20, shaft gear 21 in being set on the right of small variable block gear, small variable block gear engages with big travelling gear, big variable block gear and Small transmission gear engages, and the left shell half front end sets left big bearing bracket stand, and right half-shell front end sets right big bearing bracket stand, left and right big The big bearing 22 in an installation left side and right big bearing 23 in bearing bracket stand, the left hollow shaft 24 of the interior installation of left and right big bearing and right hollow shaft 25, Differential mechanism 26 is installed, differential mechanism is cylindrical to set differential gear 27, the middle shaft gear and differential mechanism tooth between left and right hollow shaft Wheel engagement；Upper end sets left tail stock 28 in the left shell half, and upper end sets right tail stock 29, left and right cunning in right half-shell Moving axis frame inner circle sets push-pull shaft 30, and push-pull shaft can horizontally slip in left and right tail stock inner circle, and the push-pull shaft is a left side Thick right thin sliding axle, the thick axle of left end are hollow shafts, hollow shaft inner circle left end welding push-and-pull nut 31, outside the right half-shell after on End sets centring ring 32, and centring ring and left tail stock are concentric, and the cylindrical setting shifting motor of centring ring, the shifting motor is by outer Rotor brushless motor, built-in control module 33 and the integration composition of shell 34, described shell the right set clamping ring 35, clamping ring Inner circle is coincide with centring ring, and clamping ring circumference sets 4 screws 36, will be become shell and is fastened on right half-shell right-hand member, described to turn outside Sub- brushless electric machine is formed with axle sleeve 37 at shell left end center, sleeve outer circle close-fitting installation armature coil 38, the armature coil by Iron core, coil and Hall sensor composition, axle sleeve inner circle set drive shaft 39, lead screw 40, the spiral shell are made on the right of drive shaft Screw mandrel is screwed into push-and-pull nut, and outer rotor is set in the drive shaft, and outer rotor sets end cap 41, and end cap central close-fitting is arranged on In drive shaft, end cap is cylindrical to be formed with magnetic conductive cylinder 42, and magnetic conductive cylinder inner circle sets permanent magnetism circle 43, and permanent magnetism circle is by some NdFeB materials Square permanent magnet is rearranged, and permanent magnetism circle and armature coil are concentric, and air gap is formed between permanent magnetism circle and armature coil, permanent magnetism circle Length is more than the length of armature coil, and armature coil can not only rotate in the magnetic field of permanent magnetism circle, and energy left and right displacement, drives Moving axis can horizontally slip after axle sleeve inner circle receives external force, and after external force disappears, armature coil recovers under permanent magnetism circle magneticaction In the centre position of permanent magnetism circle length, armature coil is set to produce magnetic elastic force in left and right displacement, shifting motor is accurately positioned Make shifting motor drive shaft and the push-pull shaft concentric, to reduce rubbing between lead screw and push-and-pull nut when outer rotor rotates Wipe, adapter sleeve 44 is set in the middle part of the push-pull shaft, the preceding lower end of adapter sleeve is formed with driving lever, and the preceding lower end of driving lever is formed with shift fork 45, shift fork Both ends are formed with sliding block 46, and sliding block is located in the allocating slot of overdrive clutch top circle, during outer rotor positive and negative rotation, lead screw driving Push-and-pull nut moves left and right, and push-pull shaft, driving lever, shift fork, overdrive clutch gear are with moving left and right, outer rotor push-and-pull overdrive clutch Gear and large and small variable block gear still move left and right certain distance in permanent magnetism circle length range, make to surmount respectively in connection with after in place Clutch gear produces the magnetic elastic force being close to mutually, the cylindrical setting NdFeB material of outer rotor respectively with large and small variable block gear Miniature permanent magnet body 47, permanent magnet polarity is fore-and-aft direction, and left Hall switch 48 and right Hall switch 49 are set in the shell, The output line of left and right Hall switch is connected to built-in control module input, Miniature permanent magnet body close to left Hall switch and the right side suddenly Shifting motor is powered off during your switch, the distance between left and right Hall switch is the distance of magnetic elastic force caused by outer rotor, institute Built-in control module is stated as annular, is arranged in centring ring, commutation circuit, rotating drive circuit is included in built-in control module And on-off circuit, built-in control module output end are connected with armature coil output line；Upper end sets output line socket after gearbox 50, export and output line plug 51 is assigned in line socket, the preceding upper end of gearbox sets speed probe 52, speed change box back and power The left end cap of motor sets wire hole, and the output line of power motor is connected to output line socket, built-in control mould by wire hole The output line of block and the output line of speed probe are all connected to output line socket, and the output line of output line plug is one multi-thread The cable 53 collected is connected to intelligent controller, and power motor control module 54 and gearshift control are set inside the intelligent controller Circuit 55 processed, intelligent controller are arranged on car bottom, and car bottom sets 60V batteries 56, the power supply of 60V batteries Line connects intelligent controller power end by switch lock 57, and the speed control crank 58 is arranged on bogie car right-hand member, speed control crank Inside sets Hall speed regulator 59, speed control crank left side Setting pattern switch 60, becomes position switch 61 and reversing switch 62, described Hall speed regulator, mode switch, change position switch and reversing switch are dial type hand switches, their output line connection intelligence Can controller input.
The overdrive clutch gear train is by axis, large and small variable block gear, overdrive clutch gear, spline housing, axis gear train Into left shell half and right half-shell middle part set left axle bolster and right axle bolster, are installed in left and right bearing bracket stand in left bearing 63 and the right side Bearing 64, installation axis in left and right middle (center) bearing, the axis are a Step Shafts left small and right large, axis right-hand member be axis with Gear middle shaft gear made in one piece, middle shaft gear left end set small variable block gear, and axis left end sets big variable block gear, greatly, The inner circle of small variable block gear is slidably installed with axis, and left clutch gear 65, small variable block are formed with the middle part of big variable block gear left end Right clutch gear 66 is formed with the middle part of gear right-hand member, spline housing 67 is set between left-right clutch gear, axis is cylindrical to be formed with outside spline Tooth, spline housing inner circle are formed with spline internal tooth, and spline internal tooth engages with spline external tooth, and spline housing is cylindrical to set overdrive clutch gear, The overdrive clutch fillet of gear is formed with the square interior teeth 68 of six deciles, and overdrive clutch top circle is formed with allocating slot, described The cylindrical square outer teeth for being formed with six deciles of spline housing, are engaged, the left clutch with the square interior teeth of overdrive clutch gear Top circle is formed with the square outer teeth 69 of six deciles, the cylindrical square outer teeth 70 for being formed with six deciles of right clutch gear, The specification all same of the square outer teeth of the left-right clutch gear and the square outer teeth of spline housing, left-right clutch gear Square outer teeth can engage with the square interior teeth of overdrive clutch gear；Six of the overdrive clutch fillet of gear are square interior The left side of teeth is formed with left saw tooth 71, and right side is formed with right saw tooth 72, and the inclined-plane of left and right saw tooth is left and right Symmetrically, six of the left clutch gear square outer teeth right sides are formed with left clutch saw tooth 73, the right clutch tooth Six square outer teeth left sides of wheel are formed with right clutch saw tooth 74, and the inclined-plane of left-right clutch saw tooth is left and right symmetrical , the inclined-plane on the inclined-plane of left clutch saw tooth and the left saw tooth coincide, the inclined-plane of right clutch saw tooth and the right saw The inclined-plane of tooth coincide；Axis left end sets outer jump ring 75, and big variable block gear left end abuts outer jump ring,
Described power motor selects the brshless DC motor of 8 pole internal rotors, and the left and right Hall switch selects unipolarity Hall Switch, the speed probe select magnetoelectric tachometric transducer, and the probe of magnetoelectric tachometric transducer is cog shape, tooth of popping one's head in At the top of the teeth of crest portion alignment differential gear, the air gap between two teeth tops is 1mm, is set inside intelligent controller Power motor control module include commutation, speed governing, gallon, rotating speed detection circuit, rotation speed sensor pulse conversion Circuit, the conversion of power motor tacho-pulse and comparison circuit.
In the gearshift control circuit schematic diagram set inside the intelligent controller shown in Fig. 4, built-in control module 33 Lower end three-phase output end connection outer rotor brushless motor 76, it is defeated that 33 right-hand member of module, 2 shutdown control terminals connect left Hall switch 48 Going out end and the right output end of Hall switch 49, the high and low gear control terminal connection of the left end of module 33 becomes the left and right contact in the upper end of position switch 61, The connection of the upper right side of power motor control module 54 becomes the left and right contact of position switch, the left and right contact portion power in the upper end of mode switch 60 Motor control module upper right side and change position switch are held jointly, the power end connection 60V batteries 56 of power motor control module, Power motor control module left upper end sets the 12V power ends of voltage stabilizing, the left and right contact portion 12V power supplys in the upper end of reversing switch 62 End and ground terminal, built-in control module power end connect 12V power ends with relay J, and three-terminal regulator block A1 exports 5V voltages to double D Trigger A2, left and right Hall switch 48,49 and resistance R1 power supplies, resistance R1 power to Hall speed regulator 59, built-in control module Earth terminal is grounded by resistance R2, and double D trigger connects into monostable flipflop, is driven relay J by triode A3, is worked as electricity When motor-car starts starting using manual mode, the contact of mode switch 60 is located at manual gear to right-hand member closure, becomes the contact of position switch 61 It is located at bottom gear to right-hand member closure, manual governing handle, the automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle travels in bottom gear, when manual variable block During switching toggle top gear, built-in control module driving outer rotor brushless motor 76 is rotated forward, and module drive electric current is increased to by zero Rated value, resistance R2 voltage drop is set to rise to high level by low level, triode A3 is become by cut-off to be turned on, on resistance R1 voltages Rise, resistance R3 is low level, resistance R3 and triode A4 output ends and the output end of Hall speed regulator 59 and double D trigger reset terminal R is in parallel, and power motor control module input is changed into low level, and power motor, which has a power failure, to shut down, double D trigger reset terminal R=0, this It is circuit stable state, when outer rotor brushless motor, which is driven forward overdrive clutch gear, becomes top gear in place, Miniature permanent magnet body 47 connects Nearly right Hall switch 49, built-in control module power off outer rotor brushless motor, and built-in control module driving current is by rated value Reduce to zero, resistance R1 voltage drop is down to low level by high level, triode A4 becomes cut-off, resistance R3 and three poles by conducting Pipe A4 output end voltages rise, double D trigger reset terminal R=1, and triode A3 conductings, relay contact J1, J2 close to right-hand member, Hall speed regulator is connected as automatic control state, and circuit enters temporary stable state, and temporary stability time is 1 second, is determined by R6 and C4 parameter, Triode A4 output high level arrives power motor control module input, and power motor opens rotation, after temporary stable state, triode A3 ends, and relay contact J1, J2 close to left end, and Hall speed regulator recovers manual state of a control, and now electric car becomes automatically Fast device is changed into top gear traveling, conversely, when change position switch toggles it to bottom gear by top gear manually, built-in control module driving Outer rotor brushless motor is inverted, and the control process that bottom gear is changed by top gear is same as above, and the key of the gearshift control circuit is： Speed changer in high, low speed shift process, it is described gearshift control circuit within the opportunity of setting, control power motor closing and Open, realize and closed between large and small variable block gear and overdrive clutch gear without impact synchro-meshing, the contact of mode switch 60 to left end It is automatic mode, the control process that the high and low speed gear of automatic mode is exchanged is same as above, and the left contact in the upper end of reversing switch 62 connects splice grafting It is reverse gear shift to connect 12V power ends, and C1, C2, C3 are power filtering capacitor.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle, by gearbox, drive gear, big small transmission gear, overdrive clutch gear train, differential Device gear, lead screw, push-pull shaft, power motor, shifting motor, intelligence control device and speed control crank composition, the electric car are automatic Speed changer sets gearbox, and gearbox sets left shell half (1) and right half-shell (2), the left and right half-shell of periphery in the middle part of gearbox On be respectively provided with some symmetrical engaging lugs (3), engaging lug follow closely (4) by integral, the position of left and right half-shell fastening by some connecting screws Mounting hole is set in speed change box back, right half-shell right-hand member, power motor (5), a left end cap left side for power motor are set in mounting hole End is formed with stopping table (6), and stopping table coincide with mounting hole, and left end cap circumference sets 4 connecting holes, and screw is set in connecting hole (7) power motor is fastened on right half-shell right-hand member, the automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle is characterised by：The power motor is set Drive shaft (8) is put, drive gear (9) is set on the left of drive shaft, drive shaft left end sets driving bearing (10), and left shell half rear portion is set Bearing bracket stand is postponed, driving bearing is arranged in rear bearing bracket stand, and left shell half and right half-shell rear portion set left axle bolster and right axle bolster, Installation Left Drive bearing (11) and right drive bearing (12) in left and right bearing bracket stand, the interior installation power transmission shaft of left and right drive bearing (13), big travelling gear (15), the drive gear and big transmission are installed in power transmission shaft left side installation small transmission gear (14), the right Gear engages, and the overdrive clutch gear train sets axis (16), and the axis left side sets big variable block gear (17), set on the right of axis Small variable block gear (18) is put, overdrive clutch gear (19) is set between large and small variable block gear, overdrive clutch top circle, which is formed with, to be dialled Groove (20), shaft gear (21) in setting on the right of small variable block gear, small variable block gear engage with big travelling gear, big variable block gear and Small transmission gear engages, and the left shell half front end sets left big bearing bracket stand, and right half-shell front end sets right big bearing bracket stand, left and right big Left big bearing (22) and right big bearing (23) are installed, the left hollow shaft (24) of the interior installation of left and right big bearing and the right side are hollow in bearing bracket stand Axle (25), differential mechanism (26) is installed between left and right hollow shaft, differential mechanism is cylindrical to set differential gear (27), the axis tooth Wheel engages with differential gear；Upper end sets left tail stock (28) in the left shell half, and upper end sets right slip in right half-shell Pedestal (29), left and right tail stock inner circle set push-pull shaft (30), and push-pull shaft can horizontally slip in left and right tail stock inner circle, The push-pull shaft is the thick right thin sliding axle in a left side, and the thick axle of left end is hollow shaft, and hollow shaft inner circle left end welds push-and-pull nut (31), rear upper end sets centring ring (32) outside the right half-shell, and centring ring and left tail stock are concentric, and cylindrical set of centring ring becomes Motor is kept off, shifting motor is made up of outer rotor brushless motor, built-in control module (33) and shell (34) integration, the shell The right sets clamping ring (35), and clamping ring inner circle is coincide with centring ring, and clamping ring circumference sets 4 screws (36), by shell Right half-shell right-hand member is fastened on, the outer rotor brushless motor is formed with axle sleeve (37), sleeve outer circle close-fitting peace at shell left end center Armature coil (38) is filled, the armature coil is made up of iron core, coil and Hall sensor, and axle sleeve inner circle sets drive shaft (39) lead screw (40), is made on the right of drive shaft, the lead screw is screwed into push-and-pull nut, and outer turn is set in the drive shaft Son, outer rotor set end cap (41), and end cap central close-fitting is installed on the driving shaft, and end cap is cylindrical to be formed with magnetic conductive cylinder (42), magnetic conduction Cylinder inner circle sets permanent magnetism circle (43), and permanent magnetism circle is rearranged by the square permanent magnet of some NdFeB materials, permanent magnetism circle and armature Coil is concentric, and air gap is formed between permanent magnetism circle and armature coil, and the length of permanent magnetism circle is more than the length of armature coil, armature coil It can not only be rotated in the magnetic field of permanent magnetism circle, and energy left and right displacement, drive shaft energy left and right after axle sleeve inner circle receives external force are sliding Dynamic, after external force disappears, armature coil recovers under permanent magnetism circle magneticaction in the centre position of permanent magnetism circle length, makes armature coil Magnetic elastic force is produced in left and right displacement, being accurately positioned for shifting motor makes the drive shaft of shifting motor and the push-pull shaft same The heart, to reduce friction when outer rotor rotates between lead screw and push-and-pull nut, adapter sleeve (44) is set in the middle part of the push-pull shaft, The preceding lower end of adapter sleeve is formed with driving lever, and the preceding lower end of driving lever is formed with shift fork (45), and shift fork both ends are formed with sliding block (46), and sliding block is positioned at super More in the cylindrical allocating slot of clutch gear, during outer rotor positive and negative rotation, lead screw driving push-and-pull nut moves left and right, and push-pull shaft, dials With moving left and right, outer rotor push-and-pull overdrive clutch gear is tied respectively with large and small variable block gear for bar, shift fork, overdrive clutch gear After closing in place, certain distance still is moved left and right in permanent magnetism circle length range, makes overdrive clutch gear and large and small variable block gear point The magnetic elastic force being close to mutually, the Miniature permanent magnet body (47) of the cylindrical setting NdFeB material of outer rotor, permanent magnet pole are not produced Property be fore-and-aft direction, left Hall switch (48) and right Hall switch (49), the output of left and right Hall switch are set in the shell Line is connected to built-in control module input, shifting motor is broken when Miniature permanent magnet body is close to left Hall switch and right Hall switch The distance between electricity, left and right Hall switch is the distance of magnetic elastic force caused by outer rotor, and the built-in control module is ring Shape, it is arranged in centring ring, includes brushless electric machine commutation circuit, rotating drive control circuit and switch in built-in control module Circuit, built-in control module output end are connected with armature coil output line；Upper end sets output line socket (50) after gearbox, defeated Output line plug (51) is assigned in output socket, the preceding upper end of gearbox sets speed probe (52), speed change box back and power The left end cap of motor sets wire hole, and the output line of power motor is connected to output line socket, built-in control mould by wire hole The output line of block and the output line of speed probe are all connected to output line socket, and the output line of output line plug is one multi-thread The cable (53) collected is connected to intelligent controller, and power motor control module (54) is set inside the intelligent controller and is changed Control circuit (55) is kept off, intelligent controller is arranged on car bottom, and car bottom sets 60V batteries (56), 60V batteries The power line of group is arranged on bogie car right by switch lock (57) connection intelligent controller power end, the speed control crank (58) End, sets Hall speed regulator (59) inside speed control crank, Setting pattern switch (60) on the left of speed control crank, become position switch (61) with And reversing switch (62), the Hall speed regulator, mode switch, change position switch and reversing switch are that dial type is opened manually Close, their output line connection intelligent controller input.
  2. 2. automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The overdrive clutch gear train is in Axle, large and small variable block gear, overdrive clutch gear, spline housing, axis gear composition, left shell half and right half-shell middle part set left axle Bolster and right axle bolster, left and right bearing bracket stand is interior to install left bearing (63) and right middle (center) bearing (64), is installed in left and right middle (center) bearing Axis (16), the axis are a Step Shafts left small and right large, and axis right-hand member is axis and gear axis tooth made in one piece Wheel, middle shaft gear left end set small variable block gear, and axis left end sets big variable block gear, and the inner circle of large and small variable block gear is with Axle is slidably installed, and left clutch gear (65) is formed with the middle part of big variable block gear left end, the right side is formed with the middle part of small variable block gear right-hand member Clutch gear (66), spline housing (67) is set, and axis is cylindrical to be formed with spline external tooth, spline housing inner circle between left-right clutch gear Spline internal tooth is formed with, spline internal tooth engages with spline external tooth, and spline housing is cylindrical to set overdrive clutch gear, the overdrive clutch tooth Wheel inner circle is formed with the square interior teeth (68) of six deciles, and overdrive clutch top circle is formed with allocating slot, the cylindrical system of spline housing There are the square outer teeth of six deciles, engaged with the square interior teeth of overdrive clutch gear, the left clutch gear is cylindrical to be formed with The square outer teeth (69) of six deciles, the cylindrical square outer teeth (70) for being formed with six deciles of right clutch gear are described left and right The specification all same of the square outer teeth of clutch gear and the square outer teeth of spline housing, the square external tooth of left-right clutch gear Tooth can engage with the square interior teeth of overdrive clutch gear；A left side for six square interior teeth of the overdrive clutch fillet of gear End face is formed with left saw tooth (71), and right side is formed with right saw tooth (72), and the inclined-plane of left and right saw tooth is left and right symmetrical , six square outer teeth right sides of the left clutch gear are formed with left clutch saw tooth (73), the right clutch gear Six square outer teeth left sides be formed with right clutch saw tooth (74), the inclined-plane of left-right clutch saw tooth is left and right symmetrical , the inclined-plane on the inclined-plane of left clutch saw tooth and the left saw tooth coincide, the inclined-plane of right clutch saw tooth and the right saw The inclined-plane of tooth coincide；Axis left end sets outer jump ring (75), and big variable block gear left end abuts outer jump ring.
  3. 3. automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described power motor is extremely interior from 8 The brshless DC motor of rotor, the left and right Hall switch select unipolarity Hall switch, and the speed probe selects magnetoelectricity Formula speed probe, the probe of magnetoelectric tachometric transducer is cog shape, the teeth for teeth top alignment differential gear of popping one's head in Top, at the top of two teeth between air gap be 1mm, the power motor control module of setting includes inside the intelligent controller Commutation, speed governing, gallon, rotating speed detection circuit, rotation speed sensor pulse scale unit, power motor tacho-pulse change Calculation and comparison circuit, according to the payload of power motor, the change of rotating speed speed, automatically control the shifting motor and carry out High, low speed variable block, time-varying bottom gear of starting to walk, normal speed per hour become top gear, become bottom gear, the intelligent controller automatically during upward slope In high, low speed shift process, gearshift control circuit automatically controls the gearshift control circuit that inside is set within the opportunity of setting The closing of power motor and opening, realize between large and small variable block gear and overdrive clutch gear without impact synchro-meshing,
    Automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The gearshift set inside intelligent controller In control circuit, the lower end three-phase output end connection outer rotor brushless motor (76) of built-in control module (33), module (33) right side 2, end shutdown control terminal left Hall switch (48) output end of connection and right Hall switch (49) output end, module (33) left end height, The connection of low gear control terminal becomes position switch (61) left and right contact in upper end, and the connection change of power motor control module (54) upper right side is stopped Left and right contact is closed, the left and right contact portion power motor control module upper right side in mode switch (60) upper end and change position switch are common End, the power end connection 60V batteries (56) of power motor control module, power motor control module left upper end set voltage stabilizing 12V power ends, the left and right contact portion 12V power ends in reversing switch (62) upper end and ground terminal, built-in control module power end and Relay (J) connects 12V power ends, and three-terminal regulator block (A1) exports 5V voltages to double D trigger (A2), left and right Hall switch (48,49) and resistance (R1) are powered, and resistance (R1) is powered to Hall speed regulator (59), and built-in control module earth terminal passes through resistance (R2) it is grounded, double D trigger connects into monostable flipflop, and relay (J) is driven by triode (A3), when electric car uses When manual mode starts starting, mode switch (60) contact closes to right-hand member, positioned at manual gear, becomes position switch (61) contact to the right End closure, positioned at bottom gear, manual governing handle, the automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle travels in bottom gear, when manual change is stopped When top gear is stirred in pass, built-in control module driving outer rotor brushless motor (76) is rotated forward, and module drive electric current is increased to by zero Rated value, the voltage drop of resistance (R2) is set to rise to high level by low level, triode (A4) becomes conducting, resistance (R1) electricity by cut-off Pressure rises, and resistance (R3) is low level, resistance (R3) and triode (A4) output end and Hall speed regulator (59) output end and double D Trigger reset end (R) is in parallel, and power motor control module input is changed into low level, and power motor, which has a power failure, to shut down, double D triggerings Device reset terminal (R=0), this is circuit stable state, becomes top gear in place when outer rotor brushless motor is driven forward overdrive clutch gear When, Miniature permanent magnet body (47) powers off outer rotor brushless motor close to right Hall switch (49), built-in control module, built-in control Module drive electric current is reduced to zero by rated value, the voltage drop of resistance (R1) is down to low level, triode (A4) by high level Cut-off is become by conducting, resistance (R3) and triode (A4) output end voltage rise, double D trigger reset terminal (R=1), triode (A3) turn on, relay contact (J1, J2) closes to right-hand member, and Hall speed regulator is connected as automatic control state, and circuit enters temporary Stable state, temporary stability time are 1 second, are determined by (R5) and (C4) parameter, and triode (A4) exports high level and controlled to power motor Module input, power motor, which is opened, to be rotated, and after temporary stable state, triode (A3) cut-off, relay contact (J1, J2) is to left end Closure, Hall speed regulator recover manual state of a control, and now automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle is changed into top gear traveling, conversely, working as hand When dynamic change position switch toggles it to bottom gear by top gear, built-in control module driving outer rotor brushless motor reversion, by top gear The control process for changing bottom gear is same as above, mode switch (60) contact to left end closure ground connection be automatic mode, the height of automatic mode, The control process that bottom gear exchanges is same as above, and the left contact portion 12V power ends in reversing switch (62) upper end are reverse gear shift, (C1), (C2), (C3) is power filtering capacitor.
  4. 4. automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：When shifting motor driving lead screw rotates forward When, lead screw driving push-and-pull nut, pull push-pull shaft, driving lever, shift fork, overdrive clutch gear to be moved to the left, make it is described surmount from The left saw tooth for closing gear engages with the left clutch saw tooth, is now bottom gear, when shifting motor driving lead screw reversion When, lead screw promotes push-pull shaft, driving lever, shift fork, overdrive clutch gear to move right, and makes the right saw of the overdrive clutch gear Tooth engages with the right clutch saw tooth, is now top gear, and the rotating speed of the left and right saw tooth is more than the left-right clutch The rotating speed of saw tooth is to surmount synchronous rotational speed, and the lower engagement of magnetic elastic force effect is engaged under synchronous rotational speed state in surmounting It hurry up, in the absence of latch, beat tooth, pause and transition in rhythm or melody phenomenon, the rotating speed of clutch saw tooth can produce impact when very big more than the rotating speed of saw tooth Power, therefore, high, low speed variable block it is of short duration during, control clutch saw tooth rotating speed be more than saw tooth rotating speed certain Scope, ensure that both reliably engage without impact, either bottom gear or top gear, when the rotating speed of clutch saw tooth is less than During the rotating speed of saw tooth, left and right saw tooth is in skidding released state with left-right clutch saw tooth, in shifting motor magnetic bullet Under power effect, gear slipping separation friction is small, noise is low, after high, low speed variable block gear engages with overdrive clutch gear, both It is close to by magnetic elastic force, the square outer teeth of left-right clutch gear can engage with the square interior teeth of overdrive clutch gear, Because the end face of inside and outside square teeth is saw tooth, the depth of inside and outside square teeth engagement rotates and reverse difference, tooth Wheel just switchs to forward gear, the depth length of engagement, and gear is reversed to reverse gear shift, and the depth of engagement is short, therefore, inside and outside square teeth The depth of engagement will meet the engagement requirement of reversing.
  5. 5. automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Turn on the power switch, automatic mode is opened Pass and advance position switch, when automatic mode forward gear is normally started to walk, the original state of automatic shifting differential mechanism is electric car： The cylindrical Miniature permanent magnet body of outer rotor outputs signals to intelligent controller close to the left Hall switch, left Hall switch, control Shifting motor stops, and now low speed variable block gear engages with overdrive clutch gear, and keeps certain magnetic attraction to be close to, variable block Motor lead screw driving push-and-pull nut has lock function when stopping in place, and push-and-pull nut is locked in low gear and put, and turns manually Speed regulator, electric car travels in bottom gear, and intelligent controller is according to following programme-control：1. detected when speed probe When the current parameters of tire rotational speed parameter and power motor reach the parameter request of top gear, intelligent controller is by speed-adjuster of rotary handlebar Manual control be switched to and automatically control, intelligent controller exports low level to handle speed governing end, closes down power motor；2. control Shifting motor inverts, and push-and-pull nut moves right, and in power motor shutdown process, overdrive clutch gear internal tooth is in the state of not stressing Under exit bottom gear；3. push-and-pull nut continues to move right, when the Miniature permanent magnet body is close to right Hall switch, control variable block electricity Machine stops, and high speed variable block gear is close to overdrive clutch gear, and keeps certain magnetic elastic force, if power motor shut down When the rotating speed of journey is slightly larger than tire rotational speed, high speed variable block gear engages immediately with overdrive clutch gear, is engaged with the impact of very little In allowed band, if the rotating speed of power motor shutdown process is less than tire rotational speed, high speed variable block gear and overdrive clutch tooth Wheel is in skidding released state, and now intelligent controller exports high level pulse and improves power electric to handle speed governing end, instantaneous time Machine rotating speed, top gear gear is engaged immediately without impact with overdrive clutch gear, be locked in top gear position, high level pulse Temporary stability time is 1 second；4. after gear engagement, speed-adjuster of rotary handlebar is switched to manual control by intelligent controller, when electric car goes up a slope When, when tire rotational speed parameter and the current parameters of power motor that speed probe detects reach the parameter request of bottom gear, Speed-adjuster of rotary handlebar is switched to and automatically controlled by intelligent controller, and intelligent controller exports low level to handle speed governing end, closes down dynamic Force motor；5. controlling shifting motor reversion, push-and-pull nut is moved to the left, in power motor stalling, in overdrive clutch gear Tooth exits top gear under the state of not stressing；6. push-and-pull nut continues to be moved to the left, when Miniature permanent magnet body is close to left Hall switch, Shifting motor is controlled to stop, low speed variable block gear is close to overdrive clutch gear, and keeps certain magnetic elastic force, power motor When the rotating speed of stalling is less than tire rotational speed, high speed variable block gear is in skidding released state with overdrive clutch gear, now Intelligent controller output high level pulse arrive handle speed governing end, instantaneous time improve power motor rotating speed, make low speed variable block gear and Overdrive clutch gear engages immediately, is locked in bottom gear position, the temporary stability time of high level pulse is 1 second, is not within this 1 second Shift time, but the time that power motor rotates automatically after gearshift, therefore overdrive clutch shift time is very short；7. gear is nibbled After conjunction, speed-adjuster of rotary handlebar is switched to manual control by intelligent controller.
  6. 6. automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle makes During with manual mode or reversing control, mode switch (60) is placed in manual mode, variable block is carried out with position switch (61) is become, falls Stopping switch (62) is placed in forward gear, and power motor rotates forward, and electric car has two forward gears, and reversing switch (62) is placed in reverse gear shift, Power motor inverts, and electric car has two reverse gear shifts.
CN201710980901.5A 2017-10-20 2017-10-20 Automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle Active CN107763152B (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112963523A (en) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-15 浙江绿源电动车有限公司 Gear switching control method of electric motorcycle
CN117489780A (en) * 2023-12-25 2024-02-02 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Gear shifting transmission device, gear shifting control method and hybrid power vehicle

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CN203717828U (en) * 2013-09-29 2014-07-16 重庆隆旺机电有限责任公司 Continuous power shift type two-speed gearbox
CN105546054A (en) * 2015-12-16 2016-05-04 湖北航天技术研究院特种车辆技术中心 Power takeoff device
CN107257178A (en) * 2017-07-11 2017-10-17 朱幕松 Automatic shifting differential speed motor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000236705A (en) * 1999-02-24 2000-09-05 Iseki & Co Ltd Interlocking shaft of tractor implement
CN101922522A (en) * 2009-05-15 2010-12-22 福特全球技术公司 Impact control in the transmission coupler
CN203548616U (en) * 2013-04-12 2014-04-16 黑龙江融拓北方机械制造有限公司 Jaw clutch protecting device
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112963523A (en) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-15 浙江绿源电动车有限公司 Gear switching control method of electric motorcycle
CN117489780A (en) * 2023-12-25 2024-02-02 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Gear shifting transmission device, gear shifting control method and hybrid power vehicle
CN117489780B (en) * 2023-12-25 2024-03-29 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Gear shifting transmission device, gear shifting control method and hybrid power vehicle

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Effective date of registration: 20221104

Address after: 215100 No. 1875-8, Tongda Road, Guoxiang street, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Patentee after: Suzhou Tongsheng Power Technology Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 236008 Room 203, No. 7 Building, No. 49 Yingzhou Middle Road, Yingquan District, Fuyang City, Anhui Province

Patentee before: Zhu Musong