CN107741274B - Miniature polarization spectrum imaging detection system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a miniature polarized spectrum imaging detection system and method, comprising a prepositive optical system, a large area array detector assembly, a pixelized polarized membrane and a linear gradual change filter, which are respectively used for realizing the acquisition of polarized information and narrow-band filtering of light beams; the linear gradient filter is integrated in front of the photosensitive surface of the large area array detector component, and the pixelized polarization membrane is integrated on the linear gradient filter; or the pixelated polarizing film is integrated in front of the photosensitive surface of the large area array detector component, and the linear graded filter is integrated on the pixelated polarizing film; the target reflected light passes through the front optical system, the pixelized polarization membrane and the linear gradient filter, and then forms a target image on the large-area array detector assembly. The weight and the volume of the detection system are greatly reduced, as in a common camera, two thin films are added, the weight and the volume are almost equal to those of the common camera, the structural complexity of an optical-mechanical system is far lower than that of a polarized spectrum imaging device based on the prior art scheme, and the miniaturization of the system is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polarized spectrum imaging, and particularly relates to a miniature polarized spectrum imaging detection system and method.
Background
Acquisition of more properties of a target is a constantly pursuing target for optical-type sensors. With the development and maturity of the spectral imaging technology and the polarization imaging technology, the combination of the spectral imaging and the polarization imaging forms a new optical detection technology-polarization spectral imaging technology. The polarization spectrum imaging technology can detect the space image information, the spectrum information and the polarization information of the target, has obvious principle advancement and technical advantages, and has certain limitation in identifying and detecting the target by simply utilizing the spectrum information or the polarization information, and the detection and identification capability of the target can be improved by organically combining the two. The method is particularly suitable for target detection under the conditions of turbid media (smoke, fog, haze, dust, water body and the like), and provides a novel and effective method for detecting the target of interest in a complex background, especially the target with spectrum camouflage or high hiding capacity. And the polarization state has the characteristics of strong light weakening and weak light strengthening, so that the detection areas at the dark and bright ends of remote sensing can be greatly extended. Meanwhile, the atmospheric attenuation can be accurately described and regularly found by using a polarization means, and objective basis can be provided for new atmospheric window theory.
At present, the polarization spectrum imaging detection method mainly comprises the following modes:
1. polarization spectrum imaging method based on tunable spectral devices such as AOTF (acousto-optic tuning) and LCTF (liquid crystal tuning)
Such as D.A.Glenar, J.J.Hillman, B Saif, et al POLARIS-II: an acousto-optic imaging spectropolarimeter for ground-based astronomy [ J ]. SPIE,1992, 1747:90-102; T.SUZUKI, H.KUROSAKI, shigeharu ENKYO, et al application of an AOTF imaging spectropolarimetry [ J ]. SPIE,1997, 3121:356-365 all utilize the principles of acousto-optic diffraction and liquid crystal electric tuning to select spectrum band, and meanwhile, a phase delay device LCVR is adopted to measure polarization state, so that the tunable spectrum device needs a special driving circuit, thus the system power consumption is larger.
2. Method for imaging polarization spectrum of calculation chromatography
Such as M.J.Duggin, R.L.Algorithms for target discrimination and contrast enhancement using narrowband polarimetric image data [ J ]. Proceedings of SPIE,2002, 4480:248-256; R.W.Aumiller, C.V.EustaceL.Dereniak, et al Snapshot imaging spectropolarimetry in the visible and infrared [ J ]. Proceedings of SPIE,2008,6972:69720D; B.H.Miles, R.A.Googson, E.L.Dereniak, et al, computed-tomography imaging spectropolarimeter (CTISP): instrument design, operation and results [ J ]. SPIE,1999, 3753:169-180, all detect polarization state and spectrum information by installing a plurality of polarizing plates and wave plates with different polarization directions, and have the disadvantages of long time for measuring the polarization state, moving parts, inapplicability under the condition of rapid change of the polarization state, complex structure and adverse effect on miniaturization and light weight of equipment.
3. Spectrum polarization method based on slit dispersion
Such as S.H.Jones, F.J.Iannarilli, P.L.Kebabian.Realization of quaternary-grade fieldable snapshot imaging spectropolarimeter [ J ]. Optics Express,2004,12 (26): 6559-6573; E.Kim, D.Dave, T.E Milner. Polarization based microscopy using a fiber optic spectral polarimeter [ J ]. Proceedings of SPIE,2002, 4617:191-199, all employ polarization-spectral intensity modulation techniques, and polarization state measurement is achieved by adding a spectral modulation module to the optical path of a conventional slit dispersion spectrometer.
4. Polarization spectrum imaging method based on polarization grating
For example, J.Kim, M.J.Escuti.Demonstration of Polarization Grating Imaging Spectropolarimeter (PGIS) [ J ]. Proc of SPIE,2010, 7672:767208), the system adopts a novel transmission anisotropic polarization sensitive grating which can realize separation of polarization and spectrum dimension, but the system has aliasing phenomenon in spectrum acquisition, measurement of polarization state needs to be calculated through combination, and meanwhile, the system has slits, so that the energy utilization rate is not high.
5. Polarization spectrum imaging method based on interference imaging spectrometer
Such as M.W.Kudenov, M.E.L.Jungwirth, E.L.Dereniak, et al white-light Sganacinterferometer for snapshot multispectral imaging [ J ]. Applied Optics,2010,49 (21): 4067-4076; peng Zhigong, zhang Chunmin, zhao Baochang, etc. the study of transmittance of Savart polariscope in novel polarised interference imaging spectrometers [ J ]. Physical report, 2006,55 (12): 6374-6382, all based on the interference imaging spectrometer, add a polarised film on the image plane or the entrance pupil plane, without moving parts, different polarised information is obtained simultaneously, after spectral dimension information needs to be obtained in time-sharing way, it is obtained in fourier transform mode, and the obtaining of spectral information needs more complex data processing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of the existing polarization spectrum imaging detection method, the invention provides a miniature polarization spectrum imaging detection system and a miniature polarization spectrum imaging detection method, which solve the defects of complex system, large volume and the like of the traditional polarization spectrum imaging detection system; meanwhile, the defects that the polarization state and the spectrum information are relatively independent, fusion of the polarization and the spectrum information cannot be realized, the polarization state is obtained asynchronously, crosstalk exists between polarization channels, the spectrum reconstruction algorithm is complex and the like in the traditional polarization spectrum imaging detection method are overcome.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a miniature polarization spectrum imaging detection system, which comprises a prepositive optical system 1 and a large area array detector component 4, and is characterized in that: the device also comprises a pixelized polarization membrane 2 and a linear gradual change filter 3 which are respectively used for realizing the acquisition of polarization information of light beams and narrow-band filtering; the linear gradient filter 3 is integrated in front of the photosensitive surface of the large area array detector assembly 4, and the pixelized polarization membrane 2 is integrated on the linear gradient filter 3; or the pixelated polarizing film 2 is integrated in front of the photosensitive surface of the large area array detector assembly 4, and the linear graded filter 3 is integrated on the pixelated polarizing film 2;
the target reflected light passes through the front optical system 1, the pixelized polarization membrane 2 and the linear gradient filter 3, and then forms a target image on the large area array detector assembly 4.
Preferably, the pixelized polarizing film 2 includes a plurality of polarizing units, each polarizing unit includes four polarizing plates with different polarization states, and each polarizing plate has a size corresponding to n×n pixel sizes of the detector, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
Preferably, the four different polarization states may be combined as follows: 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees or 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, unbiased.
Preferably, the physical width of the channel of the linear graded filter 3 covers one or more polarization units; the spectrum gradient direction of the linear gradient filter 3 is parallel to the push-broom direction of the detector, and one or more polarization units are distributed according to the number of spectrum segments required by specific detection application.
Preferably, the front optical system 1 includes a telescopic objective lens group and an imaging lens group.
The invention also provides a polarization spectrum imaging method based on the system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Performing push-broom imaging on a target scene to obtain image information;
2) Obtaining polarization state information:
2.1 Extracting gray value information of a single wave band and a single linear polarization direction of a target point in target scene image information, and obtaining other linear polarization direction gray value information of the target point by carrying out algorithms such as interpolation on linear polarization direction gray value information of adjacent target points;
2.2 Calculating polarization degree and polarization angle polarization parameters according to the linear polarization direction gray value information;
3) Extracting spectrum information;
the push-broom imaging process realizes the space-time joint modulation of spectrum information, and spectrum information is obtained through space-time joint demodulation, and the process is as follows: it is assumed that the target point a is imaged on the detector pixels A1 to H1 in sequence in the push-broom process, wherein A1 represents the pixel unit of the detector row a and the detector column 1, H1 represents the pixel unit of the detector column H and the detector column 1, and in order to extract the spectrum information of the target point a, the gray information of the pixel A1 in the first frame image is taken, the gray information of the pixel B1 in the second frame image is taken, and the spectrum information of the target point a can be obtained by analogy.
Light emitted by a certain target point in the target scene is imaged on a large-area array detector component through a front optical system (imaging system), a pixelized polarization membrane and a gradient filter. A front optical system (imaging system) performs convergent imaging of light from a target point; the pixelized polarization membrane performs polarization filtering on light from a target point; the gradual filter carries out spectrum narrow-band filtering on the light from the target point; and the large area array detector component measures the light filtered by the polarization spectrum, and the image information of the target point is obtained after push-broom. The polarization state information of the target point is calculated by extracting the polarization direction gray value information of the target point in the image information, and the spectrum information of the target point is obtained by extracting the gray information of the pixel corresponding to each frame of image in the image information.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the system adopts a mode of combining the pixelized polarized film and the graded filter, so that the weight and the volume of the detection system are greatly reduced, as in a common camera, two film pieces are added, the weight and the volume are almost equal to those of the common camera, the structural complexity of an optical mechanical system is far lower than that of a polarized spectrum imaging device based on the prior art, and the miniaturization of the system is facilitated;
2. the method of the invention has synchronous acquisition, has very good real-time property, and overcomes the problems caused by time-sharing and asynchronous measurement of the traditional polaroid rotating wheel mode;
3. the system adopts the pixelized polarization membrane, does not have a moving part, and has very good stability compared with the traditional mode that a polarization wheel or a wave plate needs to be rotated;
4. the reconstruction and the acquisition of the polarization information and the spectrum information are simpler than those of other polarization spectrum detection modes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a miniature polarized spectral imaging detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the micro-polarized spectral imaging detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a micro-polarized spectral imaging method according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a micro-polarized spectral imaging method according to the present invention;
the reference numerals in the drawings are: the system comprises a 1-front optical system, a 2-pixelized polarization membrane, a 3-linear gradient filter, a 4-large area array detector assembly and a 5-data processing system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the micro polarization spectrum detection system of the present embodiment includes a front optical system 1, a pixelized polarization film 2, a linear graded filter 3, and a large area array detector assembly 4. The linear gradient filter 3 is integrated in front of the photosensitive surface of the large area array detector assembly 4, and the pixelized polarization membrane 2 is integrated in front of the linear gradient filter 3 to acquire the polarization state of the light beam and filter the light beam in a narrow band mode. In other embodiments, the positions of the pixelized polarizing film 2 and the linear graded filter 3 may be interchanged. The target reflected light passes through the front optical system 1, and then sequentially passes through the pixelized polarization membrane 2 and the linear graded filter 3, and forms a target image on the large area array detector assembly 4.
The pixelized polarizing film 2 includes a plurality of polarizing units, each polarizing unit includes four polarizing plates with different polarization states, the size of each polarizing plate corresponds to the size of a pixel of the detector, and the four polarization states can be flexibly selected, and in this embodiment, 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees are selected. Other embodiments may choose 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, or non-offset.
The spectral gradient direction of the linear gradient filter 3 is parallel to the detector rows or columns, the linear gradient filter 3 is a multi-channel filter, the physical width of the channel covers one or more polarization units, and the one or more polarization units are distributed according to the number of spectral ranges required by the detection application.
The purpose of the front optical system 1 is to image a target in a wide variety of specific implementations. When the observation target is far away, the method can be realized by combining a telescope with an imaging lens; when the distance between the observation targets is moderate, the observation targets can be realized by using a telescopic objective lens; when the observation distance is close, it can be realized using an imaging mirror.
The data processing system 5 extracts and analyzes the image information on the large area array detector assembly 4 to obtain the polarization state information and the spectrum information of the target point.
The acquisition of the polarization state information is specifically realized through the following steps, as shown in fig. 3:
2.1, extracting gray value information of a single wave band and a single linear polarization direction of a target point in target scene image information, wherein the extraction result is shown in a graph b), and the gray value information of other linear polarization directions of the target point is obtained by carrying out interpolation calculation on the gray value information of linear polarization directions of adjacent target points, as shown in a graph c);
2.2, calculating polarization degree and polarization angle polarization parameters according to the linear polarization direction gray value information;
according to the linear polarization direction I 0° (v)、I 45° (v)、I 90° (v)、I 135° (v),、I R (v)、I L (v) And the like, specifically calculating the polarization parameters of the polarization degree and the polarization angle through the following formulas:
in the above formula, I represents the total energy, Q represents the energy difference between 0 ° and 90 ° linear polarized light, U represents the energy difference between 45 ° and 135 ° linear polarized light, V represents the energy difference between left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light, and these four parameters are all time-averages of light intensity. The above expression can be used to represent a plurality of indices such as polarization degree and polarization angle.
Such as polarization degree of polarized light (Degree of Polarization, DOP)
The degree of linear polarization (Degree of Linear Polarization, DOLP) can be expressed as
The degree of circular polarization (Degree of Circular Polarization, DOCP) can be expressed as
The polarization phase angle AOP (Angle of Polarization), which represents the angle between the vibration direction of linearly polarized light and its reference direction, can be expressed as:
ellipticity ε represents the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of an ellipse and is expressed as:
the acquisition of the spectrum information is specifically realized by the following steps, as shown in fig. 4:
the push-broom imaging process realizes the space-time joint modulation of spectrum information, and spectrum information is obtained through space-time joint demodulation, and the process is as follows: it is assumed that the target point a is imaged on the detector pixels A1 to H1 in sequence in the push-broom process, wherein A1 represents the pixel unit of the detector row a and the detector column 1, H1 represents the pixel unit of the detector column H and the detector column 1, and in order to extract the spectrum information of the target point a, the gray information of the pixel A1 in the first frame image is taken, the gray information of the pixel B1 in the second frame image is taken, and the spectrum information of the target point a can be obtained by analogy.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a miniature polarization spectrum imaging detection system, includes leading optical system (1) and big area array detector subassembly (4), its characterized in that: the device also comprises a pixelized polarization membrane (2) and a linear gradual change filter (3) which are respectively used for realizing the acquisition of polarization information of light beams and narrow-band filtering;
the linear gradient filter (3) is integrated in front of the photosensitive surface of the large-area array detector assembly (4), and the pixelized polarization membrane (2) is integrated on the linear gradient filter (3);
or the pixelized polarization membrane (2) is integrated in front of the photosensitive surface of the large area array detector assembly (4), and the linear gradual change filter (3) is integrated on the pixelized polarization membrane (2);
the target reflected light passes through a front optical system (1), then passes through a pixelized polarization membrane (2) and a linear gradient filter (3), and forms a target image on a large-area array detector assembly (4);
the pixelized polarization membrane (2) comprises a plurality of polarization units, each polarization unit comprises four polarization plates with different polarization states, the size of each polarization unit corresponds to the size of N pixels of the detector, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;
the physical width of the channel of the linear gradient filter (3) covers one or more polarization units; the spectrum gradual change direction of the linear gradual change filter (3) is parallel to the push-broom direction of the detector.
2. A miniature polarized spectral imaging probe system according to claim 1, wherein: the four different polarization states can be combined as: 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees or 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, unbiased.
3. A miniature polarized spectral imaging probe system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the front optical system (1) comprises a telescopic objective lens group and an imaging lens group.
4. A method of polarized spectral imaging based on a miniature polarized spectral imaging probe system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
1) Performing push-broom imaging on a target scene to obtain image information;
2) Obtaining polarization state information:
2.1 Extracting gray value information of a single wave band and a single linear polarization direction of a target point in target scene image information, and obtaining gray value information of other linear polarization directions of the target point by interpolation algorithm on gray value information of linear polarization directions of adjacent target points;
2.2 Calculating the polarization degree and/or the polarization angle according to the linear polarization direction gray value information;
3) Extracting spectrum information;
the target point A is set to be imaged on the detector pixels A1-H1 in sequence in the push-and-sweep process, wherein A1 represents the pixel units of the A row and the 1 st column of the detector, H1 represents the pixel units of the H row and the 1 st column of the detector, gray information of the pixel A1 in the first frame image is taken, gray information of the pixel B1 in the second frame image is taken, and the spectrum information of the target point A can be obtained by analogy.
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| CN110081978A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-02 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of multispectral polarization imaging device of transient state and its imaging method |
| CN112924028B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2023-11-07 | 长春理工大学 | Light field polarization imaging detection system for sea surface oil spill |
| CN116953898A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2023-10-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical imaging module, optical imaging system and terminal equipment |
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