CN107739916B - High-strength high-thermal-conductivity thin-wall die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-thermal-conductivity thin-wall die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-strength high-heat-conductivity thin-wall die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy comprises Si: 12-14 wt%; cu: 0.05 wt% -3 wt%; fe: 0.40 wt% -0.80 wt%; mg: 0.00 wt% -0.5 wt%, the rest impurities are controlled below 0.05 wt%, and the rest is Al. Compared with the prior art, the total amount of Cu and Mg is strictly controlled to be 0.05-3 wt%, and then heat treatment is carried out at 175 ℃/4h, so that Cu and Mg elements cannot be dissolved in a solid solution and enter the matrix, and micro-dispersed CuAl is formed in the material2Second phase and Mg17Al12A second phase. Fe element can prevent the material from sticking the die, and can more effectively cast thin-wall products. Meanwhile, the strength of the material can be effectively improved by the second phases, so that the tensile strength is more than 300MPa, the yield strength is more than 150MPa, and the elongation is 8-10%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy, in particular to a high-strength high-heat-conductivity thin-wall die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Silver is the best heat conducting material, followed by copper, gold and aluminum. However, gold and silver are too expensive to be used on a large scale. Copper, by contrast, has a very desirable heat dissipation effect, but copper has a great disadvantage: copper has large deformation resistance and is difficult to extrude into a section with a complex section, and if the section is manufactured by adopting a precision casting, welding or machining technology, the problems of large processing difficulty, high processing cost and the like are caused. Therefore, at present, the common heat sink is mostly extruded by aluminum alloy.
Both of the 1 xxx-based alloys and the 6 xxx-based alloys have high thermal conductivity. However, because of the requirement of subsequent processing, the fin material needs to have certain strength, and because the cross-sectional shape of the fin is extremely complex, the alloy needs to have good plasticity to be extruded smoothly, and the 6 xxx series alloy is the first choice of the fin material due to the excellent comprehensive performance thereof.
6063 aluminum alloy, which is an Al — Mg — Si alloy, is widely used in the market as a material for manufacturing heat sinks, and is favored by manufacturers because of its excellent comprehensive properties such as good plasticity, moderate strength, and mature and simple production process. However, with the development of new energy, 4G/5G communication, solar photovoltaic and other industries, the heat productivity is greatly increased, and the comprehensive performance requirements of product strength, heat dissipation, complexity, cost and the like cannot be met by using a 6063 aluminum alloy radiating fin alone, so that the development of an aluminum alloy material which has high strength, high heat conductivity and can be used for die-casting a complex thin-wall part is urgently needed.
Researches show that the strength and high heat conductivity of common aluminum alloy materials are in contradiction, and common methods for improving the strength of the aluminum alloy comprise methods of grain refinement, alloying, element solid solution, material cooling speed acceleration and the like. However, the number of modified crystal nuclei is increased due to grain refinement, so that the passing difficulty of electrons is increased, and the electric conduction and heat conduction performance of the aluminum alloy is weakened; more alloying elements affect the homogeneity and purity of the body structure, and thus, almost all alloying elements reduce the thermal conductivity of the alloy except for the second phase effect.
By adding about 10% of Si element into the aluminum alloy, the casting fluidity of the aluminum alloy material can be effectively improved, and meanwhile, the high heat-conducting property of the aluminum alloy material can be ensured, but the strength of the aluminum alloy material is still lower. Therefore, how to add certain alloy elements into the high-thermal-conductivity Al-Si aluminum alloy can remarkably improve the strength of the high-thermal-conductivity Al-Si aluminum alloy under the condition of ensuring that the thermal conductivity is not reduced so as to become a next-generation high-performance high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy new material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a high-strength high-heat-conductivity thin-wall die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a high-strength high-heat-conductivity thin-wall die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising Si: 12.00-14.00 wt%; cu: 0.05 wt% -3 wt%; fe: 0.40 wt% -0.80 wt%, Mg: 0.00 wt% -0.5 wt%; the rest impurities are controlled below 0.05 wt%, and the balance is Al.
The alloy comprises Si: 12.20-13.00 wt%; cu: 0.25-0.50 wt%; fe: 0.40-0.60 wt%; mg: 0.05-0.3 wt%, and the rest impurities are controlled below 0.05 wt%, and the rest is Al.
Cu in the alloy is added in a form of intermediate alloy, and specifically comprises the following steps: processing a commercially available Cu intermediate alloy into a cube with the side length of 10mm, drying at 110 ℃, then completely wrapping the cube with a metal aluminum foil, adding the metal aluminum foil, and then completely pressing the metal aluminum foil into aluminum liquid by using a pressing plate under the pressure of 300-500 MPa.
The Mg is added in a simple substance form: processing Mg simple substance into a cube with the side length of 10mm, drying at 110 ℃, wrapping the cube with metal aluminum foil, adding the dried Mg simple substance, and pressing the wrapped Mg simple substance into aluminum liquid completely under the pressure of 300-500Mpa by using a pressing plate.
The Fe is added in the form of intermediate alloy, and specifically comprises the following steps: the commercially available Fe intermediate alloy is pre-pressed into a flaky plate with the thickness of 2-3mm, so that the specific surface area of the material is increased, and the dissolution of the Fe intermediate alloy is accelerated.
The Si is added in the form of simple substance: preheating Si elementary substance material to 500 ℃, and then putting into aluminum liquid; the Si simple substance material is more quickly and uniformly dissolved in the aluminum liquid.
The preparation method of the high-strength high-heat-conductivity thin-wall die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) calculating the mass of the needed intermediate alloy according to the proportion, preparing materials, adding alloy elements Fe and Cu in the form of intermediate alloy, and adding Mg and Si in the form of simple substance or intermediate alloy;
2) cleaning the surface of an aluminum ingot, and then putting the aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace or a well-type furnace crucible for smelting at the smelting temperature of 690-710 ℃;
3) when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 750 ℃, adding the dried Fe and Cu intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, and preserving the heat for 15-20 min; the addition mode of the Cu intermediate alloy is as follows: processing a commercially available Cu intermediate alloy into a cube with the side length of 10mm, drying at 110 ℃, then completely wrapping the cube with a metal aluminum foil, adding the metal aluminum foil, and then completely pressing the metal aluminum foil into aluminum liquid by a pressing plate under the pressure of 300-500MPa, wherein the adding mode of the Fe intermediate alloy is as follows: prepressing commercial Fe intermediate alloy into a sheet plate with the thickness of 2-3mm, and then putting the sheet plate into molten aluminum;
4) cooling the aluminum liquid to 720 ℃, adding the Mg simple substance and the Si simple substance into the aluminum liquid, and preserving heat for 15-20 min; the adding mode of the Mg simple substance is as follows: processing the Mg simple substance into a cube with the side length of 10mm, drying at 110 ℃, then wrapping the cube with a metal aluminum foil, adding the Mg simple substance, and then completely pressing the Mg simple substance into the aluminum liquid by a pressing plate under the pressure of 300-500MPa, wherein the adding mode of the Si simple substance is as follows: preheating Si elementary substance material to 500 ℃, and then putting into aluminum liquid;
5) and after the raw materials are completely melted, refining, removing slag and pouring in sequence to obtain the aluminum alloy casting.
Refining in the step (5) is carried out by using a special refining agent for the aluminum alloy at the temperature of 720 ℃; after refining, cooling to 700 ℃, keeping the temperature, standing for 5 minutes to enable impurities to float upwards or sink sufficiently, and then removing slag to remove surface oxide skin and bottom impurities.
The special refining agent for the aluminum alloy adopts a sodium-free refining slag remover for HGJ-2 aluminum alloy in Shanghai rainbow light metal smelting plant. The alloy does not contain any modifier. The purpose of improving the strength and the elongation of the material is achieved by refining the grain size of the common alterant, and researches show that the reduction of the grain size of the material is not beneficial to improving the heat-conducting property of the material, so the alterant is not added into the material, the heat-preservation standing time of the material is prolonged as much as possible, and the solidification rate of the material is prolonged to improve the size of the material; simultaneously through a large amount of dispersed CuAl2Second phase and Mg17Al12The second phase is used for improving the strength and the elongation of the material, and the die-casting product obtained after the step (5) is subjected to heat treatment at 175 ℃ for 4 hours to further separate out the second phase which is dispersed and distributed, so that grains grow up.
And (5) cooling the refined aluminum liquid to 680 ℃ for pouring, adopting a metal mold gravity pouring process, heating a pouring mold in an oven to 200 ℃, adding the aluminum liquid into the mold by using a material spoon for molding, cooling the mold, taking out the casting, and detecting the heat conduction and mechanical properties.
The basic requirements for the preparation of the aluminum alloy are as follows: strictly controlling the content of Cu0.05-0.3 wt% of the raw material to form micro-dispersed CuAl in the material2A second phase; strictly controlling the Mg content to be 0.05-0.5 wt% to form micro-dispersed Mg in the material17Al12A second phase; thirdly, the total amount of Cu and Mg is strictly controlled to be 0.05 to 3 weight percent, so that micro-dispersed Mg is formed inside the material17Al12A second phase; fourthly, the material with finished proportioning is subjected to heat treatment for 4 hours at 175 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the performance of the aluminum alloy can reach as follows: the yield strength is more than 300MPa, the tensile strength is more than 150MPa, the tensile strength is more than 8%, and the thermal conductivity is more than 195W/(m.K).
2. By strictly controlling the total amount of Cu and Mg to be between 0.05 and 3 weight percent and then carrying out heat treatment at 175 ℃/4h, Cu and Mg elements cannot be dissolved in a matrix, so that micro-dispersed CuAl is formed in the material2Second phase and Mg17Al12A second phase. Fe element can prevent the material from sticking the die, and can more effectively cast thin-wall products. Meanwhile, the strength of the material can be effectively improved by the second phases, so that the tensile strength is more than 300MPa, the yield strength is more than 150MPa, and the elongation is 8-10%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a stress-strain curve diagram of a high-strength high-thermal-conductivity thin-wall die-cast aluminum alloy
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Examples 1 to 13:
the high-strength high-heat-conductivity thin-wall die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass as shown in the following table 1, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities.
Table 1 is a table of contents of respective elements in the aluminum alloys of examples 1 to 13
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy in each embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) calculating the mass of the needed intermediate alloy according to the proportion, preparing materials, adding alloy elements Fe and Cu in the form of intermediate alloy, and adding Mg and Si in the form of simple substance or intermediate alloy;
2) cleaning the surface of an aluminum ingot, and then putting the aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace or a well-type furnace crucible for smelting at the smelting temperature of 690-710 ℃;
3) when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 750 ℃, adding the dried Fe and Cu intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, and preserving the heat for 15-20 min; the addition mode of the Cu intermediate alloy is as follows: processing a commercially available Cu intermediate alloy into a cube with the side length of 10mm, drying at 110 ℃, then completely wrapping the cube with a metal aluminum foil, adding the metal aluminum foil, and then completely pressing the metal aluminum foil into aluminum liquid by a pressing plate under the pressure of 300-500MPa, wherein the adding mode of the Fe intermediate alloy is as follows: prepressing commercial Fe intermediate alloy into a sheet plate with the thickness of 2-3mm, and then putting the sheet plate into molten aluminum;
4) cooling the aluminum liquid to 720 ℃, adding the Mg simple substance and the Si simple substance into the aluminum liquid, and preserving heat for 15-20 min; the adding mode of the Mg simple substance is as follows: processing the Mg simple substance into a cube with the side length of 10mm, drying at 110 ℃, then wrapping the cube with a metal aluminum foil, adding the Mg simple substance, and then completely pressing the Mg simple substance into the aluminum liquid by a pressing plate under the pressure of 300-500MPa, wherein the adding mode of the Si simple substance is as follows: preheating Si elementary substance material to 500 ℃, and then putting into aluminum liquid;
5) and after the raw materials are completely melted, refining, removing slag and pouring in sequence to obtain the aluminum alloy casting. The refining is carried out by using a special refining agent for the aluminum alloy at the temperature of 720 ℃; after refining, cooling to 700 ℃, keeping the temperature, standing for 5 minutes to enable impurities to float upwards or sink sufficiently, and then removing slag to remove surface oxide skin and bottom impurities. The additional casting is to reduce the temperature of the aluminum liquid to 680 ℃ for preparation of casting, a metal mold gravity casting process is adopted, a casting mold is heated to 200 ℃ in an oven, the aluminum liquid is added into the mold by a material spoon for molding, after the mold is cooled, the casting is taken out, and the heat conduction and mechanical properties are detected.
Wherein the refining step is carried out by using a special refining agent for aluminum alloy under the condition that the temperature of molten aluminum is 720 ℃. And in the refining process, a refining spoon is used for stirring up and down for a certain time to fully refine the alloy. Cooling to 700 ℃ after refining, keeping the temperature for 5 minutes, enabling the impurities to float upwards or sink sufficiently, and then pulling out the slag.
6) And (4) carrying out heat treatment on the die-cast product obtained in the step (5) at 175 ℃ for 4 hours.
TABLE 1 Heat conduction and mechanical Properties of the aluminum alloy castings of examples 1-13
The heat conductivity of the common die-casting aluminum alloy is about 90W/(m.K), the heat conductivity of the existing high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy after die-casting is only 140W/(m.K), and the high-strength high-heat-conductivity thin-wall die-casting aluminum alloy obviously improves the heat conductivity by 40 percent.
FIG. 1 is a stress-strain-elongation curve diagram of example 1, which shows that the yield strength of the high-strength and high-thermal-conductivity thin-wall die-casting aluminum alloy is as high as 150-160MPa, which is 30% higher than that of the common high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy, such that the deformation problem of the high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy housing is solved.
Claims (1)
1. The preparation method of the high-strength high-heat-conductivity thin-wall die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) the alloy comprises Si: 12.7 wt%; cu: 0.08 wt%; fe: 0.69 wt%, Mg: 0.1 wt%; the rest impurities are controlled to be below 0.05 wt%, and the balance is Al; calculating the mass of the needed intermediate alloy according to the proportion, preparing materials, adding alloy elements Fe and Cu in the form of intermediate alloy, and adding Mg and Si in the form of simple substance or intermediate alloy;
2) after the surface of the aluminum ingot is cleaned, putting the aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace for smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 690-710 ℃;
3) when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 750 ℃, adding the dried Fe and Cu intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, and preserving the heat for 15-20 min; the addition mode of the Cu intermediate alloy is as follows: processing a commercially available Cu intermediate alloy into a cube with the side length of 10mm, drying at 110 ℃, then completely wrapping the cube with a metal aluminum foil, adding the metal aluminum foil, and then completely pressing the metal aluminum foil into an aluminum liquid by using a pressing plate under the pressure of 300-500MPa, wherein the adding mode of the Fe intermediate alloy is as follows: prepressing commercial Fe intermediate alloy into a sheet plate with the thickness of 2-3mm, and then putting the sheet plate into molten aluminum;
4) cooling the aluminum liquid to 720 ℃, adding the Mg simple substance and the Si simple substance into the aluminum liquid, and preserving heat for 15-20 min; the adding mode of the Mg simple substance is as follows: processing the Mg simple substance into a cube with the side length of 10mm, drying at 110 ℃, then wrapping the cube with a metal aluminum foil, adding the Mg simple substance, and then completely pressing the Mg simple substance into the aluminum liquid by a pressing plate under the pressure of 300-500MPa, wherein the adding mode of the Si simple substance is as follows: preheating Si elementary substance material to 500 ℃, and then putting into aluminum liquid;
5) after the raw materials are completely melted, refining, slag drawing and pouring are sequentially carried out to obtain an aluminum alloy casting; the refining is carried out by using a special refining agent for the aluminum alloy at the temperature of 720 ℃, a refining spoon is used for stirring up and down for a certain time in the refining process to ensure that the alloy is fully refined, the temperature is reduced to 700 ℃ after the refining, the temperature is kept for 5 minutes, impurities are fully floated or sunk, then slag is pulled out, surface oxide skin and bottom impurities are removed, the temperature of aluminum liquid is reduced to 680 ℃ for pouring, a metal type gravity pouring process is adopted, a pouring mold is heated to 200 ℃ in an oven, the aluminum liquid is added into the mold by using a material spoon for molding, after the mold is cooled, the casting is taken out, and the heat conduction and mechanical properties are detected;
6) and carrying out heat treatment on the obtained aluminum alloy casting material at 175 ℃ for 4 h.
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| CN108796317B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-09-11 | 苏州慧驰轻合金精密成型科技有限公司 | Semisolid extrusion casting aluminum alloy suitable for new energy automobile and preparation method |
| CN109097642B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-12-01 | 苏州慧驰轻合金精密成型科技有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy material suitable for sharing bicycle and preparation method thereof |
| CN109396381B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-12-15 | 吴江市格瑞福金属制品有限公司 | Physical modification semi-solid state die-casting preparation method of high-heat-conductivity baking tray |
| CN109338179A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-02-15 | 苏州慧驰轻合金精密成型科技有限公司 | A kind of high thermal conductivity heat treatment pack alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN109468496B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-09-24 | 苏州慧金新材料科技有限公司 | Heat-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN109852853B (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2020-06-12 | 苏州大学 | High-strength and high-toughness heat-dissipation aluminum alloy material for thin-wall die castings and preparation method thereof |
| CN113151717A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-23 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | 6063 aluminum alloy casting and production process thereof |
| CN114438377B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-04 | 苏州慧金新材料科技有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy for new energy automobile and preparation method thereof |
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