CN107739749A - Dna探针‑菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法 - Google Patents
Dna探针‑菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种DNA探针‑菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,包括:预处理、杂交、筛选,通过特定的正向引物与反向引物,经经聚合酶链式反应扩增合成了以地高辛标记的单链DNA探针,将待测试菌株的DNA与DNA探针进行杂交作用,通过显色测试杂交匹配结果筛选出产毒菌株。有益效果为:本发明方法可在8‑10小时内完成90个样品筛选,方法快速高效,特异性强,而且准确性高;本发明方法操作步骤简单,工作量小,周期较短,所用试剂与材料均为生化试验常用试剂,对人体无害,对环境友好,分析成本低廉,具有较高的市场前景与经济价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于海洋生物技术领域,尤其是涉及一种DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法。
技术背景
麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish posoning,PSP)在已知赤潮毒素中毒性最强、分布最广、威胁性最大、引发毒害事件最频繁。其主要由石房蛤毒素(Saxitoxin,STX)及其衍生物组成,属于胍胺类毒素,是典型的钠离子通道阻断剂。目前已发现的PSP同系物多达58种。其生物合成基因为sxt基因簇。STX在赤潮检测、分子生物学、神经生物学、医学诊断、药物开发、军事生化武器战剂等研究中均有重要应用。在医学诊断与药物开发方面,STX独特的化学结构和毒理作用机制,成为研究细胞Na+通道的重要工具药。其具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、镇痛、麻醉、解痉、降压、止喘等多种功效。其局部麻醉效果比普鲁卡因或***强至少10万倍。
目前,PSP的获得主要通过甲藻的规模化培养及产物提取制备而来。该方法周期长、成本高;且需要特殊的藻培养设备。与甲藻相比,细菌具有基因组小、易培养、遗传操作简单等特性,因此,利用产毒菌株发酵与产物分离制备PSP贝毒,是一条行之有效的替代方法。其关键是产毒菌株的快速筛选。其可通过微生物发酵、代谢产物提取、产物化学分析来完成。但工作量大、周期长,且化学分析所用毒素标准品价格昂贵、分析成本高。而目前尚无产麻痹性贝毒菌株的快速筛选技术。
发明内容
本方法的目的在于提供一种DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,所使用的探针具有与目标DNA特异性结合及杂交快速性,本发明的检测方法具有检测速度快、准确性高、灵敏度高的特性。
本发明方法中所用的亚硫酸杆菌(Sulfitobacter sp.)(CCTCC AB 2016296)、赫夫勒氏菌(Hoeflea sp.)(CCTCC AB 2016294)均购买自中国典型培养物保藏中心;本发明方法中所用的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)(ATCC 25922)、宋氏志贺氏菌(Shigellasonnet)(ATCC 29930)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)(ATCC 6538)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)(ATCC 23857)、铜绿假单胞菌 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)(ATCC 27853)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)(ATCC BB120)、杀鲑弧菌 (Vibriosalmonicida)(ATCC 43839)、腔隙莫拉氏菌(Moraxella lacunata)(ATCC 17952)、类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)(ATCC 14029)此九种菌株均购买自美国模式培养物集存库(American type culture collection)。
为获得麻痹性贝毒产生细菌的特异性DNA探针,本发明用于扩增麻痹性贝类毒素的生物合成基因sxt基因的DNA探针的特异性引物为:正向引物17a,序列2:TAGTAGGAGTAGCACGCTGCA;反向引物17b,序列3:TCCTTCCTRGACCACGA。通过特定引物序列2和序列3所述的引物,经聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增合成了以地高辛标记的单链DNA探针,该DNA探针具有254个碱基,其序列为序列1:GATGTCTGGACTACGTCCCTCCTACTCGCGCTGTCGAACCTGAATATCGATCCGAGGACGCCGGCTGGGGCTTCGCCGACGCGGGCTCGGCGCGCATGGGCGGCACGTGACTCTCAACGCACGCTGAACGTCGGCAGGACCCTGCAGCACCAAGTCCAGCACCGCACGTTCGTGCAGCAGATCAGCGCCGTTTGAGGGCGAGTTCGCCTCGCATCGCGTCGTGGCAGACGGGATTAGGCAGATCTACAGAAGTC。
为建立基于上述DNA探针的菌落原位杂交方法,本发明采用以下技术方案:DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,包括:预处理、杂交、筛选,具体包括以下步骤:
预处理:制作10cm-12cm×10cm-12cm的硝酸纤维素膜,取待测试菌株单菌落点于硝酸纤维素膜,浸于0.50-0.52MNaOH溶液8-10分钟,取出自然干燥后夹在两张干滤纸之间,放置于真空烤箱中,78-80℃烘2-2.5小时;在TE缓冲液中加入溶菌酶,放入DNA膜,在36-37℃温度下作用30-32分钟后用TE缓冲液漂洗;将DNA膜置于10-12mL杂交缓冲液中,40-42℃温育1.5-2.0小时;预处理可以固定待测试菌株的DNA,并且除去细菌细胞残留物,方便后续的杂交操作;
杂交:将以地高辛标记的DNA于沸水中煮10-15分钟变性,置冰浴中,取5.0-6.0mL标记DNA加入到2.5-3.0mL杂交缓冲液中,将膜由杂交缓冲液中取出置于塑料薄膜上,加入含地高辛标记DNA探针的杂交缓冲液中,40-42℃下作用2.0-2.5小时;将膜放至盛有2.0-3.0×SSC溶液的平皿内,洗涤2-3次,每次5-6分钟;
筛选:将膜放至盛有缓冲液的平皿中洗1-2分钟,弃去洗涤液;加入20-22mL1.0-1.2%的封闭液,室温放置60-70分钟,弃去溶液;加入20-25mL碱性磷酸酶标记抗地高辛抗体溶液,36-37℃温育30-35分钟,弃去抗体结合物,用冲洗液洗涤3-4次,每次40-50mL;在显色缓冲液中平衡2-3分钟后,倾倒显色缓冲液,将膜置于塑料袋内;加入BCIP/NBT显色液中,置于暗处,待显色后加入TE溶液终止反应,有斑点出现,即表示菌株产毒阳性;无斑点,即表示菌株产毒阴性;筛选方法迅速高效,特异性强,准确度高。
作为优选,所用的TE缓冲液的pH为8.0。
作为优选,所用的溶菌酶的用量为每毫升TE缓冲液加入4.8-5.2mg溶菌酶。
作为优选,所用的杂交缓冲液为:5×SSC溶液,50-52mM磷酸缓冲液,1.0-1.1mMEDTA,10-12%硫酸葡聚糖,48-50%去离子甲酰胺,pH7.0-7.1。
作为优选,所用的缓冲液为:0.10-0.11M顺丁烯二酸,0.14-0.15MNaCl,pH7.4-7.5。
作为优选,所用的封闭液为:0.10-0.11MTris-HCl,0.15-0.16MNaCl,0.10-0.11MMgCl2,pH7.9-8.0。
作为优选,所用的冲洗液为:0.10-0.11MTris-HCl,0.15-0.16MNaCl,pH7.4-7.5。
作为优选,所用的显色缓冲液为:0.10-0.11MTris,0.10-0.11MNaCl,50-52mMMgCl2,pH9.3-9.5。
作为优选,所用的显色液为:0.30-0.32mg/mLNBT,0.15-0.16mg/mLBCIP,pH9.0-9.1。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:1)通过菌落原位斑点分子杂交,DNA探针可特异性检测待测菌株DNA样品中有否有麻痹性贝毒合成sxtA基因核酸的存在,可在8-10小时内完成90个样品筛选,本发明方法快速高效,特异性强,而且准确性高;2)本发明方法操作步骤简单,工作量小,周期较短,所用试剂与材料均为生化试验常用试剂,对人体无害,对环境友好,分析成本低廉,具有较高的市场前景与经济价值。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明方案作进一步说明:
实施例1:
DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,本方法的敏感性检验包括以下步骤:
1)选择细菌赫夫勒氏菌(Hoeflea sp.)(CCTCC AB 2016294)为待测试样品,其代谢产物化学分析确认产PSP毒素;
2)挑取赫夫勒氏菌菌株的平板单菌落,按照分子克隆常规方法提取其DNA样品,将其稀释2-10倍;
3)取2μL稀释样品点于硝酸纤维素滤膜,浸于0.5MNaOH溶液10分钟后,自然干燥后夹在两张干滤纸之间,放置于真空烤箱中,80℃烘2小时,固定DNA;按5mg/mL的量将溶菌酶置于TE缓冲液中,放入DNA膜在37℃下作用30分钟后用TE缓冲液漂洗,除去细菌细胞残留物;
4)将DNA膜置于10mL杂交缓冲液中,42℃温育1.5小时;将地高辛标记的DNA于沸水中煮10分钟变性,置冰浴中,取5mL标记DNA加入2.5mL杂交缓冲液中,将膜由预杂交缓冲液中取出置于塑料薄膜上,加入含地高辛标记DNA探针的杂交缓冲液,42℃下作用2小时。将膜放至盛有2xSSC溶液的平皿内,洗涤2次,每次5分钟;
5)将膜放至盛有缓冲液的平皿中洗1分钟,弃去洗涤液,加入20mL1%封闭液,室温放置60分钟,弃去,加入20mL碱性磷酸酶标记抗地高辛抗体溶液(使用封闭液进行5000倍稀释),37℃温育30分钟,弃去抗体结合物,用冲洗液洗涤3次,每次50mL。在显色缓冲液中平衡2分钟后,倾倒显色液。将膜置于塑料袋内。加入20mLBCIP/NBT显色液中,置于暗处,待显色后加入TE溶液终止反应。观察有无斑点出现。
测试结果显示所有DNA样品稀释液样品均呈杂交阳性;本发明方法具有较高的准确性与敏感性,可以作为麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的筛选。
实施例2:
DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,所用样品为:2株产毒菌:包括亚硫酸杆菌、赫夫勒氏菌;9株非产毒菌:包括大肠杆菌、宋氏志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、哈维氏弧菌、杀鲑弧菌、腔隙莫拉氏菌、类志贺邻单胞菌。本方法的特异性检验包括以下步骤:
取待测菌株的单菌落点于硝酸纤维素滤膜上,浸于0.5MNaOH溶液10分钟后,自然干燥后夹在两张干滤纸之间,放置于真空烤箱中,80℃烘2小时,固定DNA;按照5mg/mL的量将溶菌酶加入TE缓冲液中,放入DNA膜在37℃下作用30分钟,用TE缓冲液漂洗,除去细菌细胞残留物。
将上述制备好的DNA膜置于10mL杂交缓冲液(5×SSC溶液、50mM磷酸缓冲液、1mMEDTA、10%硫酸葡聚糖、50%去离子甲酰胺,pH7.0)中,42℃温育1.5小时。将地高辛标记的DNA于沸水中煮10分钟变性,置冰浴中,取5mL标记DNA加入2.5mL杂交缓冲液中,将膜由预杂交缓冲液中取出置于塑料薄膜上,加入含地高辛标记DNA探针的杂交缓冲液,42℃下作用2小时。将膜放至盛有2×SSC溶液的平皿内,洗涤2次.每次5分钟。
将膜放至盛有缓冲液(0.1M顺丁烯二酸、0.15MNaC1,pH7.5)的平皿中洗1分钟。弃去洗涤液,加入20mL1%封闭液(0.1MTris-HCl、0.15MNaCl、0.1MMgCl2,pH8.0),室温放置60分钟。弃去,加入20mL碱性磷酸酶(AP)标记抗地高辛抗体溶液(使用封闭液进行5000倍稀释),37℃温育30分钟,弃去抗体结合物,用冲洗液(0.1MTris-HCl、0.15MNaCl,pH7.5)洗涤3次,每次50mL。在显色缓冲液中(0.1MTris、0.1MNaCl、50mMMgCl,pH9.5)中平衡2分钟后,倾倒显色液。将膜置于塑料袋内,加入20mLBCIP/NBT显色液(0.3mg/mLNBT、0.16mg/mLBCIP,pH9.0)中,置于暗处,待显色后加入TE溶液终止反应,观察有无斑点出现。特异性检验结果如表1所示:
表1.特异性检验
菌株 | 编号 | 杂交结果 |
亚硫酸杆菌(Sulfitobacter sp.) | CCTCC AB 2016296 | + |
赫夫勒氏菌(Hoeflea sp.) | CCTCC AB 2016294 | + |
大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) | ATCC 25922 | - |
宋氏志贺氏菌(Shigella sonnet) | ATCC 29930 | - |
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus) | ATCC 6538 | - |
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) | ATCC 23857 | - |
铜绿假单胞菌 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) | ATCC 27853 | - |
哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi) | ATCC BB120 | - |
杀鲑弧菌 (Vibrio salmonicida) | ATCC 43839 | - |
腔隙莫拉氏菌(Moraxella lacunata) | ATCC 17952 | - |
类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides) | ATCC 14029 | - |
由表1可以看出,包括亚硫酸杆菌、赫夫勒氏菌此2株产毒菌株均有斑点反应,其它9株菌株均无斑点出现,以上经斑点杂交检测显示为阳性的菌株,均通过其发酵代谢产物的化学分析,确认其产PSP毒素;而经斑点杂交检测为阴性的菌株,则其发酵代谢产物化学分析确认其不产PSP毒素,表明本方法的特异性强,检测结果准确、可靠。
本发明的操作步骤中的常规操作为本领域技术人员所熟知,在此不进行赘述。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明,应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,其特征在于,所述的DNA探针为经地高辛标记含有254个碱基序列1所述的单链DNA探针,所述的序列1为:
GATGTCTGGACTACGTCCCTCCTACTCGCGCTGTCGAACCTGAATATCGATCCGAGGACGCCGGCTGGGGCTTCGCCGACGCGGGCTCGGCGCGCATGGGCGGCACGTGACTCTCAACGCACGCTGAACGTCGGCAGGACCCTGCAGCACCAAGTCCAGCACCGCACGTTCGTGCAGCAGATCAGCGCCGTTTGAGGGCGAGTTCGCCTCGCATCGCGTCGTGGCAGACGGGATTAGGCAGATCTACAGAAGTC。
2.根据权利要求1所述的DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,其特征在于:所述的DNA探针为通过特定的正向引物17a与反向引物17b,经聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增合成了以地高辛标记的单链DNA探针。
3.根据权利要求2所述的DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,其特征在于:所述的正向引物17a,序列为:TAGTAGGAGTAGCACGCTGCA;所述的反向引物17b,序列为:TCCTTCCTRGACCACGA。
4.根据权利要求1所述的DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,其特征在于:所述的方法包括:
1)预处理:制作并固定待测试菌株的DNA;
2)杂交:将待测试菌株的DNA与DNA探针进行杂交作用;
3)筛选:通过显色测试杂交匹配结果。
5.根据权利要求4所述的DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,其特征在于:所述的预处理步骤为:制作10cm-12cm×10cm-12cm的硝酸纤维素膜,取待测试菌株单菌落点于硝酸纤维素膜,浸于0.50-0.52MNaOH溶液8-10分钟,取出自然干燥后夹在两张干滤纸之间,放置于真空烤箱中,78-80℃烘2-2.5小时;在TE缓冲液中加入溶菌酶,放入DNA膜,在36-37℃温度下作用30-32分钟后用TE缓冲液漂洗;将DNA膜置于10-12mL杂交缓冲液中,40-42℃温育1.5-2.0小时。
6.根据权利要求4所述的DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,其特征在于:所述的杂交步骤为:将以地高辛标记的DNA于沸水中煮10-15分钟变性,置冰浴中,取5.0-6.0mL标记DNA加入到2.5-3.0mL杂交缓冲液中,将膜由杂交缓冲液中取出置于塑料薄膜上,加入含地高辛标记DNA探针的杂交缓冲液中,40-42℃下作用2.0-2.5小时;将膜放至盛有2.0-3.0×SSC溶液的平皿内,洗涤2-3次,每次5-6分钟。
7.根据权利要求4所述的DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,其特征在于:所述的筛选步骤为:将膜放至盛有缓冲液的平皿中洗1-2分钟,弃去洗涤液;加入20-22mL1.0-1.2%的封闭液,室温放置60-70分钟,弃去溶液;加入20-25mL碱性磷酸酶标记抗地高辛抗体溶液,36-37℃温育30-35分钟,弃去抗体结合物,用冲洗液洗涤3-4次,每次40-50mL;在显色缓冲液中平衡2-3分钟后,倾倒显色缓冲液,将膜置于塑料袋内;加入BCIP/NBT显色液中,置于暗处,待显色后加入TE溶液终止反应,有斑点出现,即表示菌株产毒阳性;无斑点,即表示菌株产毒阴性。
8.根据权利要求5所述的DNA探针-菌落原位杂交技术筛选麻痹性贝毒产生菌株的方法,其特征在于:所述的预处理步骤中的溶菌酶的用量为每毫升TE缓冲液加入4.8-5.2mg溶菌酶;杂交缓冲液为:5×SSC溶液、50-52mM磷酸缓冲液、1.0-1.1mMEDTA、10-12%硫酸葡聚糖、48-50%去离子甲酰胺,pH7.0-7.1。
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