CN107737803B - Remediation method for farmland polluted by heavy metal cadmium - Google Patents
Remediation method for farmland polluted by heavy metal cadmium Download PDFInfo
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- CN107737803B CN107737803B CN201711189498.0A CN201711189498A CN107737803B CN 107737803 B CN107737803 B CN 107737803B CN 201711189498 A CN201711189498 A CN 201711189498A CN 107737803 B CN107737803 B CN 107737803B
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- heavy metal
- cultivated land
- cadmium
- fiber membrane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The invention provides a method for repairing cultivated land polluted by heavy metal cadmium, which comprises the following steps: adding water into the cultivated land to soak the cultivated land in the water; adding an iron salt solution into the treated heavy metal polluted farmland, and ploughing, crushing and flattening; covering a layer of fiber membrane on the soil surface; repeating the above steps for one cycle. Wherein, the distance from the soaking water surface to the cultivated land surface is 0.5-1.5cm when the cultivation bed is kept stand, the times of plowing and crushing are 1-3 times, the concentration of ferric salt solution is 0.5-1.5mg/L, ferric salt is one of ferric chloride and ferric sulfate, the fiber membrane is a polypropylene fiber membrane containing active carbon, modified diatomite and modified kaolin, the time for covering the fiber membrane is 3-5 days, and the cycle times are 3-5 times. The restoration method provided by the invention has obvious treatment effect, can effectively reduce the cadmium content in the heavy metal polluted farmland, uses the reagents and materials such as ferric chloride, polypropylene fiber membrane and the like which are low in price and easy to obtain, reduces the treatment cost, and has high treatment efficiency and high farmland restoration speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland pollution treatment, and particularly relates to a method for repairing a farmland polluted by heavy metal cadmium.
Background
The heavy metal pollution of the soil refers to the condition that the content of trace metal elements in the soil exceeds a background value and is over-high due to excessive deposition because of human activities, and the condition is generally called as soil heavy metal pollution. The heavy metal is metal with specific gravity equal to or greater than 5.0, and mainly comprises elements with obvious biological toxicity such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, metalloid arsenic and the like, and elements with certain toxicity such as zinc, copper, nickel and the like. The pollution elements mainly come from pesticides, waste water, sludge, atmospheric precipitation and the like, for example, cadmium and lead pollution mainly comes from smelting emission and automobile waste gas precipitation, mercury mainly comes from mercury-containing waste water, and arsenic is widely used as an insecticide, a bactericide, a rodenticide and a herbicide. Excessive heavy metal can cause physiological dysfunction and nutritional disorder of plants, the enrichment coefficient of elements such as cadmium, mercury and the like in crop seeds is higher, even if the enrichment coefficient exceeds the food sanitation standard, the growth, development and yield of crops are not influenced, and in addition, mercury and arsenic can weaken and inhibit the activities of nitrifying and ammonifying bacteria in soil and influence the nitrogen supply. Heavy metal pollutants have low mobility in soil, are not degraded by microorganisms, and have great potential harm after entering human bodies through food chains. In some mines, a stone dumping site and a tailing pond are not established in the process of mining, waste stones and tailings are randomly stacked, so that heavy metals which are rich in difficult to solve enter soil, and in addition, metal waste residues left after ore processing enter an underground water system along with rainwater, so that serious heavy metal pollution of the soil is caused. There are 10 metal elements really classified into heavy metals industrially: copper, lead, zinc, tin, nickel, cobalt, antimony, mercury, cadmium and bismuth. From the perspective of the soil-plant system, the international academy considers that only cadmium, cobalt, selenium and other elements pose the greatest risk of harm to animal and human health. The major health risks to humans due to the food chain are cadmium and selenium. The cadmium in rice produced in a plurality of producing areas in China exceeds the standard, the soil pollution is polluted, and the alarm clock of the soil pollution is sounded when the cadmium rice crisis appears.
The remediation measures for the farmland polluted by the heavy metal cadmium comprise chemical treatment, agricultural ecological remediation, microbial remediation, animal remediation and plant remediation. The chemical treatment comprises a leaching method, an amendment application method and the like, the toxicity and the biological effectiveness of heavy metal in soil can be reduced in a short time, the secondary pollution is easily caused by artificially applying chemical agents to the soil, the method is an in-situ remediation method, the heavy metal cadmium still remains in the soil, the harmful plants are easily activated again, and the potential threat is not eliminated. The agricultural and ecological restoration reduces the bioavailability of cadmium by adjusting factors such as soil moisture, soil pH value, soil cation replacement amount, calcium carbonate and soil redox conditions, temperature and humidity, and the like, so as to weaken the toxic action of heavy metals on plants. Microbial remediation includes bioadsorption, extracellular precipitation, biotransformation, bioaccumulation and efflux. On one hand, the microorganism can reduce the toxicity of heavy metals in the soil and can adsorb and accumulate the heavy metals; on the other hand, the microenvironment of the root system can be changed, so that the absorption, volatilization or fixation efficiency of the plant to the heavy metal is improved. At present, most of microbial remediation technologies are limited to scientific research and laboratory level, and the examples are not much researched, so that the microbial remediation technologies cannot be popularized in a large area. Animal remediation research on remediation of heavy metal cadmium pollution by using some lower animals such as earthworms in soil is still limited in a laboratory stage, and the remediation efficiency is general due to the restriction of factors such as the growth environment of the lower animals, so that the method is not an ideal remediation technology. The plant restoration is to plant a specific plant on the soil polluted by heavy metal, has special absorption and enrichment capacity on the pollution elements in the soil, and remove the heavy metal out of the soil after the plant is harvested and properly treated (such as ashing recovery), thereby achieving the purposes of pollution treatment and ecological restoration. Heavy metal cadmium in the cultivated land is adsorbed and deposited in soil particles, and under the flooding anaerobic condition, the heavy metal cadmium is separated out and enters a solution system, and more cadmium is located in interstitial water. Therefore, the removal of the heavy metal cadmium in the interstitial water is the most effective way for repairing the cultivated land.
Chinese invention patent (CN103788960A) discloses a functional fertilizer and a repairing agent for repairing soil heavy metals, wherein four materials of modified attapulgite, chitosan, biochar and sodium thiosulfate are compounded, so that although the toxicity and the solubility of the heavy metals in the soil can be reduced, the preparation process is complex and the cost is high. Chinese patent application (CN107052043A) discloses a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by using radix puerariae, the method activates heavy metal in the soil by using radix puerariae root exudates, enriches the activated heavy metal by using organic matters on the surface of root systems, and completes the pretreatment of the soil by removing the radix puerariae. The Chinese patent document (CN105149337A) discloses a soil remediation method for a farmland polluted by heavy metal cadmium, which comprises the steps of filling water into the farmland polluted by cadmium, then adding a composite remediation agent aqueous solution into the farmland to react, ploughing, stirring, standing, and then leading out the reaction water for flocculation and sedimentation treatment. Although the method can repair the cadmium-polluted farmland soil, the agent added into the farmland is easy to cause secondary pollution, and the heavy metal precipitate after flocculation and sedimentation is mixed in the soil and is difficult to separate cleanly.
In conclusion, no method for quickly, inexpensively and efficiently repairing the farmland polluted by the heavy metal cadmium exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for repairing cultivated land polluted by heavy metal cadmium.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for repairing farmland polluted by heavy metal cadmium comprises the following steps:
(1) adding water into the cultivated land to soak the cultivated land in the water, and standing;
(2) adding iron salt into the cultivated land treated in the step (1), and ploughing, crushing and flattening;
(3) covering a layer of fiber membrane on the cultivated land surface treated in the step (2);
(4) repeating steps (1) - (3) for one cycle.
Preferably, the distance from the soaking water surface to the surface of the cultivated land in the step (1) is 0.5-1.5 cm.
Preferably, the standing time in the step (1) is 5 to 7 days.
Preferably, the plowing and crushing times in the step (2) are 1-3 times.
Preferably, the addition amount of the ferric salt in the step (2) is to enable the concentration of the ferric salt in the cultivated land to reach 0.5-1.5 mg/L.
Preferably, the iron salt in the step (2) is one of ferric chloride and ferric sulfate.
Preferably, the fiber membrane in step (3) is a polypropylene fiber membrane.
Further preferably, the polypropylene fiber membrane contains at least one of activated carbon, modified diatomite and modified kaolin adsorbent.
Preferably, the time for covering the fiber membrane in the step (3) is 3 to 5 days.
Preferably, the number of cycles in the step (4) is 3 to 5.
The ferric chloride is added in the step (1) to replace cadmium ions adsorbed by soil particles by ferric iron, the cadmium ions adsorbed by the soil particles are activated by complexing of the chloride ions, after a layer of polypropylene fiber membrane is covered on the soil surface in the step (2), the reduced ferrous ions in the soil migrate to the liquid surface with high oxygen concentration and are aggregated and reacted with oxygen on the polypropylene fiber membrane to generate amorphous iron oxide with extremely strong adsorbability, so that the cadmium ions released from the soil are adsorbed, and one or more of active carbon, modified diatomite and modified kaolin adsorbent contained in the polypropylene fiber membrane also has extremely strong adsorbability on cadmium and can adsorb the cadmium ions released from the soil particles.
The invention has the advantages of
1. The remediation method provided by the invention has an obvious treatment effect, and can effectively reduce the cadmium content in the heavy metal polluted farmland;
2. reagents and materials such as ferric chloride and polypropylene fiber membranes used in the method are low in price and easy to obtain, and the treatment cost of cadmium-polluted cultivated land is reduced;
3. the method provided by the invention is convenient to operate, can be used for comprehensively planning and treating a plurality of lands in a linkage manner, and is high in treatment efficiency and high in cultivated land restoration speed.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Aiming at a cultivated land polluted by heavy metal cadmium, the area of the cultivated land is 2 mu, the average value of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil is 0.48mg/kg and exceeds the standard by more than 1 time, and the cultivated land is repaired by the following method:
(1) adding water into the cultivated land to soak the cultivated land in the water, and soaking the cultivated land in the water for 5 days;
(2) adding 0.5mg/L ferric chloride solution into the cultivated land treated in the step (1), turning over, crushing for 1 time and leveling;
(3) covering a layer of fiber membrane without adsorbent on the soil surface treated in the step (2) for 3 days;
(4) repeating the steps (1) - (3) for 3 times.
And detecting the cadmium content in the cultivated land before and after restoration.
Example 2
Aiming at a cultivated land polluted by heavy metal cadmium, the area of the cultivated land is 2 mu, the average value of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil is 0.63mg/kg and exceeds the standard by more than 2 times, the cultivated land is repaired by the following method:
(1) adding water into the cultivated land to soak the cultivated land in the water, and soaking the cultivated land in the water for 5 days;
(2) adding 0.8mg/L ferric chloride solution into the cultivated land treated in the step (1), ploughing, crushing for 1 time and leveling;
(3) covering a layer of fiber membrane containing activated carbon on the soil surface treated in the step (2) for 3 days;
(4) repeating the steps (1) - (3) for 3 times.
And detecting the cadmium content in the cultivated land before and after restoration.
Example 3
Aiming at a cultivated land polluted by heavy metal cadmium, the area of the cultivated land is 2 mu, the average value of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil is 1.22mg/kg and exceeds the standard by more than 4 times, the cultivated land is repaired by the following method:
(1) adding water into the cultivated land to soak the cultivated land in the water, and soaking the cultivated land in the water for 5 days;
(2) adding 0.8mg/L ferric chloride solution into the cultivated land treated in the step (1), turning over, crushing for 3 times and leveling;
(3) covering a layer of fiber membrane containing activated carbon on the soil surface treated in the step (2) for 5 days;
(4) repeating the steps (1) - (3) for 3 times.
And detecting the cadmium content in the cultivated land before and after restoration.
Example 4
Aiming at a cultivated land polluted by heavy metal cadmium, the area of the cultivated land is 2 mu, the average value of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil is 2mg/kg and exceeds the standard by more than 6 times, the cultivated land is repaired by the following method:
(1) adding water into the cultivated land to soak the cultivated land in the water, and soaking the cultivated land in the water for 5 days;
(2) adding 0.8mg/L ferric chloride solution into the cultivated land treated in the step (1), turning over, crushing for 3 times and leveling;
(3) covering a layer of fiber membrane containing activated carbon on the soil surface treated in the step (2) for 5 days;
(4) repeating the steps (1) - (3) for 5 times.
And detecting the cadmium content in the cultivated land before and after restoration.
Example 5
Aiming at a cultivated land polluted by heavy metal cadmium, the area of the cultivated land is 2 mu, the average value of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil is 3.7mg/kg and exceeds the standard by more than 10 times, the cultivated land is repaired by the following method:
(1) adding water into the cultivated land to soak the cultivated land in the water, and soaking the cultivated land in the water for 5 days;
(2) adding 0.8mg/L ferric chloride solution into the cultivated land treated in the step (1), turning over, crushing for 3 times and leveling;
(3) covering a layer of fibrous membrane containing activated carbon, modified diatomite and modified kaolin on the surface of the soil treated in the step (2), and covering for 5 days;
(4) repeating the steps (1) - (3) for 5 times.
And detecting the cadmium content in the cultivated land before and after restoration.
Example 6
In this example, the cadmium content in cultivated lands before and after restoration in examples 1 to 5 was compared, and the results of the measurement are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 cadmium content in cultivated lands before and after remediation
| Cadmium content/(mg/kg) | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 |
| Cultivated land before restoration | 0.48 | 0.63 | 1.22 | 2 | 3.7 |
| Restored cultivated land | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 0.3 |
| Rate of decrease | 0.56 | 0.59 | 0.74 | 0.86 | 0.92 |
Comparing examples 1 and 2, although the average value of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil of example 2 is 0.63mg/kg, which is greater than 0.48mg/kg in the soil of example 1, the reduction rate of the cadmium content in the cultivated land before and after the restoration is improved from 56% to 59%, which shows that the treatment effect of cadmium can be improved by the increase of the concentration of the ferric salt solution and the activated carbon contained in the fiber membrane. Comparing the comparative examples 3 and 4, although the average value of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil of the example 4 is 2mg/kg, which is larger than 1.22mg/kg in the soil of the example 3, the reduction rate of the cadmium content in the cultivated land before and after the restoration is improved from 74 percent to 86 percent, which shows that the cycle number has great influence on the treatment effect. Comparing examples 4 and 5, the reduction rate of the cadmium content in the cultivated land before and after the restoration is improved from 86% to 92%, which shows that the three adsorbents in the fiber membrane have a synergistic effect, and when the fiber membrane contains the three adsorbents, the cadmium treatment effect is better.
Claims (7)
1. The method for repairing the farmland polluted by the heavy metal cadmium is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) adding water into the cultivated land to soak the cultivated land in the water, and standing;
(2) adding iron salt into the cultivated land treated in the step (1), and ploughing, crushing and flattening;
(3) covering a layer of fiber membrane on the cultivated land surface treated in the step (2);
(4) repeating steps (1) - (3) for one cycle;
the fiber membrane in the step (3) is a polypropylene fiber membrane, and reduced ferrous ions in the soil migrate to the liquid level with high oxygen concentration and are subjected to aggregation reaction with oxygen on the polypropylene fiber membrane to generate amorphous iron oxide;
the polypropylene fiber membrane contains active carbon, modified diatomite and a modified kaolin adsorbent;
the time for covering the fiber membrane in the step (3) is 3-5 days.
2. The method for remediating cadmium heavy metal contaminated cultivated land according to claim 1, wherein the distance from the surface of the steeped water to the surface of the cultivated land in the step (1) is 0.5-1.5 cm.
3. The method for remediating cadmium heavy metal contaminated arable land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the standing time in the step (1) is 5-7 days.
4. The method for remedying the cultivated land contaminated by the heavy metal cadmium according to claim 1, wherein the plowing and the crushing in the step (2) are carried out 1 to 3 times.
5. The method for remediating farmland contaminated with heavy metal cadmium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the iron salt is added in the step (2) in an amount such that the concentration of the iron salt in the farmland reaches 0.5-1.5 mg/L.
6. The method for remediating farmland contaminated with cadmium heavy metal according to claim 1, wherein the ferric salt in the step (2) is one of ferric chloride and ferric sulfate.
7. The method for remediating cadmium heavy metal contaminated arable land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of cycles in the step (4) is 3-5.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109351764A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-02-19 | 上海十方生态园林股份有限公司 | The passivator of cadmium in one kind of multiple heavy-metal contaminated soils |
| CN110052491B (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2021-06-18 | 河北立拓环境技术有限公司 | Remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil |
| CN110947364A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-03 | 甘肃农业大学 | Heavy metal contaminated soil remediation agent and application thereof |
| CN114226432B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2023-03-21 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Method for repairing cadmium-arsenic polluted water field and cadmium-arsenic detoxification device |
| CN112872002A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-01 | 华中农业大学 | Application of selenium combined pseudomonas aeruginosa in strengthening phytoremediation of cadmium-nonylphenol composite contaminated soil |
| CN113042518A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-29 | 中南大学 | Method for reinforcing transmission of chemical repairing agent for heavy metal polluted site |
| CN113210413B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-05-10 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所(贵州省生态农业工程技术研究中心)(贵州省农业资源与环境研究所) | Method for repairing heavy metal cadmium and continuous cropping obstacles in facility agriculture soil |
| CN115351064B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2023-06-27 | 佛山市植宝生态科技有限公司 | Silicon-based curing agent for repairing soil vanadium/cadmium pollution, repairing agent and repairing method |
| CN115430699B (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2023-08-29 | 上海化工院环境工程有限公司 | Heavy metal polluted paddy field in-situ leaching system and application thereof |
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Denomination of invention: A Remediation Method for Heavy Metal Cadmium Polluted Farmland Effective date of registration: 20230615 Granted publication date: 20210319 Pledgee: Hunan Xiangjiang New Area Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: HUNAN NEWWORLD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980044115 |