CN107725113A - Two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine - Google Patents
Two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN107725113A CN107725113A CN201711051562.9A CN201711051562A CN107725113A CN 107725113 A CN107725113 A CN 107725113A CN 201711051562 A CN201711051562 A CN 201711051562A CN 107725113 A CN107725113 A CN 107725113A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 56
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- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
- F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
- F01D1/04—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D13/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines
- F01D13/02—Working-fluid interconnection of machines or engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
- F01D17/162—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for axial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially perpendicular to the rotor centre line
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/06—Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple disc type; Details thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/18—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with ribs or fins for improving heat transfer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
- H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine, including first order expanding machine, second level expanding machine and motor；The first order expanding machine includes air intake casing, first order nozzle ring and first order impeller of rotor；Second expanding machine includes unit casing body, second level nozzle ring and second level impeller of rotor；The motor includes rotor and stator winding；The air intake casing is oppositely arranged to form cavity with unit casing body, axle center of the rotor along cavity is in cavity, the direction of rotor outer air intake casing to unit casing body is sequentially provided with auxiliary thrust bearing shell, electric machine casing and second level diversion shell, the rotor is coaxially arranged with first order input close to the end face of air intake casing, and the rotor is coaxially arranged with second level input close to the end face of unit casing body.The present invention utilizes two-stage axle stream, can effectively reduce expanding machine rotating speed, lifting motor, the reliability and efficiency of frequency converter, and obtain higher energy transformation ratio.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the expanding machine technical field in overbottom pressure and afterheat generating system, particularly a kind of two-stage cantilevered axle
Flow expanding machine.
Background technology
The pressure regulation of China's natural gas transmission and distribution network uses valve pressure release at present, and pressure energy does not all obtain profit
With causing substantial amounts of energy dissipation.The billion cubic meter of China's natural gas Year's consumption about 2000, wherein adopt more than 1,300 hundred million cubes certainly
Rice, import billion cubic meter more than 600.From gas production mouth to different degrees of pressure regulation link per family be present, replace adjusting using expanding machine
Pressure valve is depressured, and the pressure energy of waste can be reclaimed, and is converted into mechanical energy and is used to generate electricity
Natural gas belongs to flammable explosive gas, once a leak occurs, there is very big potential safety hazard.China is completed at present
, there is the problem of many in several natural gas pressure difference power generating demonstration projects, most important problem is exactly the leakage of natural gas.Tradition
Method be that shaft end seal is installed on expanding machine output shaft.The sealing of use mainly has piston ring, mechanical seal and dry gas seals.
Piston ring sealed price is cheap, simple in construction, but sealing property is poor, is often accompanied by a small amount of natural gas leakings.Mechanical seal needs
Want high pressure petrol station to coordinate, gas is sealed using high pressure lubricating oil, have a small amount of lubricating oil and penetrate into expanding machine, and then adhere to downstream equipment
On.In addition, the maintenance of mechanical seal short life unit, maintenance are frequently.Dry gas seals system complex, cost is high, is needed during use
A large amount of high pressure nitrogens are consumed, after compressor emergency shutdown, it is still desirable to which consumption high pressure nitrogen for a long time, operating cost is high, is adapted to
Used on powerful device more than MW class.
, can be to the transmission ＆ distribution gas in downstream after lubrication leakage enters natural gas line in addition, if generating set is using oil lubrication
Impact.
In natural gas pressure difference generating system, power pressure is high, and gas density is big so that unit is increasing the feelings of mass flow
Under condition, volume flow appoints right very little, and power density is very big.Low discharge expanding machine uses centripetal turbine more at present, but single-stage
Centripetal turbine rotating speed is very high, and multistage centripetal turbine pipeline is complicated, and pipeline coupling flange is more, and potential leakage point is more.To vortex cordis
Wheel is due to the limitation of impeller itself geometry, and smaller to the accommodation of rotating speed during design, the space for reducing rotating speed has very much
Limit.So that generating unit speed is higher, power of motor is difficult to meet design requirement.
Organic Rankine bottoming cycle (Organic Rankine Cycle abbreviation ORC) generates electricity to generate electricity with natural gas pressure difference, has a lot
Identical place.Working medium is all Hydrocarbon Organic, is required for that pressure energy is changed into electric energy, problem encountered using expanding machine
It is basically identical.
In natural gas pressure difference generating system and ORC electricity generation systems, the operating pressure of expanding machine is all higher, most of unit work
Make pressure all in a MPa level.Because air pressure is higher, expanding machine axial thrust is all very big.Even if generated output 100kW's or so
Unit, if do not adjusted specially to axial thrust, part of generating units axial thrust can reach more than 10000 Ns.If adopt
With the oil-free lubrication technology such as magnetic suspension or air suspension bearing, the axial thrust that unit can be born is very limited, it usually needs control
System, so single go to reduce axial thrust from the angle of expanding machine blade design, can not often meet that design will below 1000 Ns
Ask.
In summary, existing expanding machine is applied in natural gas and organic rankine cycle system, is primarily present following several
Individual problem：
1st, sealing problem；
2nd, lubricating oil pollutes to working medium gas；
3rd, generating unit speed high reliability is poor；
4th, expanding machine axial thrust is all very big, and the axial thrust that unit can be born is very limited；
5th, short life, maintenance, maintenance are frequent；
6th, system complex, cost are high.
The content of the invention
To solve problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine, expansion
Machine uses two-stage axial wheel, and suspension and motor both ends, are connected using cantilevered, with motor coaxle respectively.Using two-stage axle stream,
Expanding machine rotating speed, lifting motor, the reliability and efficiency of frequency converter can be effectively reduced, and obtains higher energy transformation ratio.
Electric machine casing is cooled down using movable vane exit gas, lifts cooling effectiveness.Using Nonlubricated bearing, can prevent to slide completely
Oil is penetrated into pipeline, influences downstream installation, equipment.Unit no-rotary part is connected with the external world, only the static seal of flange position
Contacted with the external world, the dynamic sealing not being connected with the external world, working medium zero leakage can be achieved.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine, including first order expanding machine, second level expanding machine and motor；Described first
Level expanding machine includes air intake casing, first order nozzle ring and first order impeller of rotor；Second expanding machine includes unit casing
Body, second level nozzle ring and second level impeller of rotor；The motor includes rotor and stator winding；The air intake casing with
Unit casing body is oppositely arranged to form cavity, and axle center of the rotor along cavity is in cavity, outside the rotor
Auxiliary thrust bearing shell, electric machine casing and second level diversion shell are sequentially provided with along the direction of air intake casing to unit casing body, it is described
Rotor is coaxially arranged with first order input close to the end face of air intake casing, and the rotor is close to unit casing body
End face is coaxially arranged with second level input, and the stator winding is installed on the inside of electric machine casing；The first order nozzle ring peace
Loaded in air intake casing, the first order impeller of rotor is installed on first order input；The second level nozzle ring is located at the
In two level diversion shell, the second level impeller of rotor is on the input of the second level；The rotor is close to air intake casing
One end be arranged with rotor propulsion disc and first order side journal bearing, the both sides of the rotor propulsion disc are provided with thrust bearing, institute
State first order side journal bearing and be located at side of the rotor propulsion disc away from air intake casing, the rotor is close to unit casing body
One end be arranged with second level side journal bearing；The one end of the air intake casing away from unit casing body is provided with air inlet, described
The one end of unit casing body away from air intake casing is provided with gas outlet.
Using two-stage axle stream, expanding machine rotating speed can be effectively reduced, lifting motor, the reliability and efficiency of frequency converter, and
Obtain higher energy transformation ratio.
Because the natural gas expansion power generation and ORC generating set powers density of high pressure are all very big, below 300kW machine
Group rotating speed is all very high.Especially with single-stage centripetal turbine, in the case of ensureing that expanding machine is high performance, it is necessary to rotating speed it is non-
Chang Gao so that motor is difficult to meet requirement.In order to ensure the stable operation of motor energy, it is necessary to by sacrifice efficiency of expander come
Rotating speed is reduced by force.Using the present invention, lower rotating speed can be used to obtain higher aeroperformance.
Unit stationary seal is connected with the external world, need to be only connected by flange with gas pipeline, and electricity generation system zero can be achieved and let out
Leakage, unit operation are safe and reliable.
Preferably, the thrust bearing is static-pressure air bearing, and the side of the unit casing body is provided with and the thrust axis
The air inlet of connection is held, the thrust bearing is provided with the aperture for leading to rotor thrust side surface.
The high-pressure air source of thrust bearing input flows to rotor propulsion disc by the aperture on thrust bearing, forms air film, rises
To the effect of gas lubrication.
In air-bearing operation process, rotatable parts are with stationary parts without directly contacting, and friction loss is small, mechanical efficiency
It is high.
The unit of the present invention uses oil-free lubrication, does not have lubricating oil and enters the circulatory system, working medium is polluted, and then
Influence upstream device.
Existing expanding machine mainly uses oil-lubricated bearing or magnetic suspension bearing.Oil-lubricated bearing unit exports in expanding machine
Need just be fully solved natural gas leaking using expensive dry gas seals on axle.Dry gas seals are in addition to seal body, it is also necessary to multiple
Miscellaneous control system, about 200,000 yuan of domestic dry gas seals/set, import it is more expensive.The present invention need not be using expensive dry gas seals.
Although air-bearing is higher compared to oil-lubricated bearing cost, still cheaply many compared to dry gas seals.Using magnetic suspension
The unit of bearing, although also without the dry gas seals of costliness, current magnetic suspension bearing is very expensive, and needs specialty
Personnel carry out installation and debugging to scene, and cost is far above air-bearing.
Preferably, the bearing steam vent connected with motor internal is additionally provided with the thrust bearing.
The steam vent towards motor internal is provided with thrust bearing, the working medium gas that bearing is discharged is discharged into motor internal, used
In cooling motor rotor magnetic steel.
Preferably, first order side journal bearing and second level side journal bearing are static pressure or kinetic pressure air-float bearing of inner.
To solve refrigerant leakage, prevent lubricating oil from entering natural gas, and reduce mechanical loss, motor bearings uses oil-free lubrication
Gas suspension bearing, abbreviation air-bearing.Wherein thrust bearing uses static-pressure air bearing, and journal bearing uses static pressure or dynamic pressure
Air-bearing.All rotatable parts of unit are all sealed in enclosure interior, are contacted without any position with external environment.
Preferably, it is machined with labyrinth sealing between the first order nozzle ring and first order impeller of rotor；The motor
The middle part of rotor is provided with magnet steel corresponding with stator winding, and the both ends of the rotor are hollow-core construction, and the first order is defeated
Enter and through hole is provided with the axle center at end, the through hole connects with hollow space of the rotor close to air intake casing one end, and this is hollow
Partial side wall is provided with multiple thrusts regulation steam vent, and the thrust regulation steam vent uniformly divides around the axle center of rotor
Cloth.
Labyrinth sealing is machined between first order nozzle ring and first order impeller of rotor, with reference to first order input and electricity
The thrust regulation steam vent of the hollow space of machine rotor forms axial thrust adjusting means, is pushed away for regulation motor rotor axial
Power, and the gas that axial thrust adjusting means is discharged introduces motor internal, strengthens the cooling of motor rotor magnetic steel.
In rotor steam vent uniform in the side wall of the hollow space of air intake casing one end, rotor is in height
Under speed rotation, the effect of pump gas is played, the working medium gas close to air intake casing one end is aspirated.By to be vented hole number,
Aperture and the regulation of offset, can play different suction effects.Steam vent is in pumping, first order nozzle ring and the first order
Gases at high pressure between impeller of rotor can be by the gap flow direction motor rotor between nozzle ring and impeller, so first order nozzle
Sealing structure is installed between ring and first order impeller of rotor, the gases at high pressure between nozzle ring and impeller is turned in flow direction motor
The period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, pressure decline, and the suction effect of steam vent is different, then the slippage of gas pressure is different.
Preferably, the rotor is cold provided with multiple motors close to the side wall of the hollow space of unit casing body one end
But steam vent, the motor cooling steam vent is uniformly distributed around the axle center of rotor, at the axle center of the second level input
Provided with through hole, the through hole connects with hollow space of the rotor close to unit casing body one end.
Motor internal cools down gas and cools down steam vent by motor, and outlet conduit is discharged to by the through hole on the input of the second level
In.
Cavity between electric machine casing and unit casing body, the passage of the second level is flowed to by the first order as working medium gas.
Preferably, there are multiple fins in the outside of the electric machine casing along its axially mounted or milling.
Heat exchange area is increased by fin, stator winding radiated using first order outlet working medium gas.Fin and electricity
The axis direction of machine rotor is identical, can reduce the loss of working medium flow of air, and and can plays a part of rectification.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, stationary seal between unit and external environment, zero leakage can be achieved；
2nd, unit uses oil-free lubrication, does not have lubricating oil and enters the circulatory system, working medium gas is polluted, and then influences
Upstream device；
3rd, higher overall performance：Using the present invention, lower rotating speed can be used to obtain higher aeroperformance, air supporting
During bearing operation, for rotatable parts with stationary parts without directly contacting, friction loss is small, and mechanical efficiency is high；
4th, lower working speed, unit reliability is lifted：Using the present invention, in the case where ensuring aeroperformance, work
It is lower to make rotating speed, unit operation can be made below first-order flexure mode, lifts unit reliability of operation；
5th, by steam vent uniform in hollow shaft, with reference to the sealing between nozzle ring and impeller, to reduce hub disk
Static pressure, so as to reduce the axial thrust of rotor；
6th, control system is simple：Expanding machine axial thrust rises and increased with inlet pressure, swollen close to proportional relation, use
The working medium gas of swollen machine inlet pipeline is as bearing source of the gas, and without the control system of complexity, bearing load carrying capacity is with inlet pressure
Rise and increase automatically, enable unit normal operation under larger inlet pressure fluctuation；
7th, lower manufacturing cost：The present invention need not be using expensive dry gas seals, although air-bearing compares oil lubrication
Bearing cost is higher, but still cheaply many compared to dry gas seals；Using the unit of magnetic suspension bearing, although also without
Expensive dry gas seals, but current magnetic suspension bearing is very expensive, and need professional to carry out installation and debugging to scene,
Cost is far above air-bearing；
8th, service life is grown：After unit reaches working speed, rotatable parts do not contact with stationary parts, no abrasion, unit
It can run all the year round.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 middle sections A structural representation；
Fig. 3 is Fig. 2 middle sections B structural representation；
Reference：11- first order nozzle rings, 12- first order impeller of rotor, 1112- labyrinth sealings, the 121- first order
Input, 13- air intake casings, 21- second level nozzle ring, 22- second level impeller of rotor, 221- second level input, 23- units
Shell body, 31- rotors, 32- stator winding, 33- electric machine casings, the auxiliary thrust bearing shells of 34-, 35- thrust bearings, 36- first
Level side journal bearing, 37- cartridge housings, 38- second level diversion shell, 39- second level side journal bearing, 361- bearing steam vents,
311- rotor propulsion discs, 312- thrusts regulation steam vent, 313- motors cooling steam vent.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine, including first order expanding machine, second level expanding machine
And motor；The first order expanding machine includes air intake casing 13, first order nozzle ring 11 and first order impeller of rotor 12；Described
Two expanding machines include unit casing body 23, second level nozzle ring 21 and second level impeller of rotor 22；The motor turns including motor
Son 31 and stator winding 32；The air intake casing 13 is oppositely arranged to form cavity with unit casing body 23, the rotor 31
Along the axle center of cavity in cavity, the outer air intake casing 13 of rotor 31 to the direction of unit casing body 23 is set successively
There are auxiliary thrust bearing shell 34, electric machine casing 33 and second level diversion shell 38, the rotor 31 is close to the end of air intake casing 13
Face is coaxially arranged with first order input 121, and the rotor 31 is coaxially arranged with close to the end face of unit casing body 23
Two level input 221, the stator winding 32 are installed on the inner side of electric machine casing 33；The first order nozzle ring 11 is installed on air inlet
In housing 13, the first order impeller of rotor 13 is installed on first order input 121；The second level nozzle ring 21 is located at the
In two level diversion shell 38, the second level impeller of rotor 22 is on second level input 221；The rotor 31 is close
One end of air intake casing 13 is arranged with rotor propulsion disc 311 and first order side journal bearing 36, first order side journal bearing
36 are externally provided with cartridge housing 37, the inside of electric machine casing 33 to be isolated with the end of rotor 31, the rotor propulsion disc
311 both sides are provided with thrust bearing 35, and first order side journal bearing 36 is located at rotor propulsion disc 311 away from air intake casing 13
Side, the rotor 31 is arranged with second level side journal bearing 39, the motor close to one end of unit casing body 23
Housing 33 is provided with the isolation part extended to rotor 31 close to one end of unit casing body 23, to by electric machine casing 33
Portion isolates with the end of rotor 31；The described one end of air intake casing 13 away from unit casing body 23 is provided with air inlet, described
The one end of unit casing body 23 away from air intake casing 13 is provided with gas outlet.
Using two-stage axle stream, expanding machine rotating speed can be effectively reduced, lifting motor, the reliability and efficiency of frequency converter, and
Obtain higher energy transformation ratio.
Because the natural gas expansion power generation and ORC generating set powers density of high pressure are all very big, below 300kW machine
Group rotating speed is all very high.Especially with single-stage centripetal turbine, in the case of ensureing that expanding machine is high performance, it is necessary to rotating speed it is non-
Chang Gao so that motor is difficult to meet requirement.In order to ensure the stable operation of motor energy, it is necessary to by sacrifice efficiency of expander come
Rotating speed is reduced by force.Using the present invention, lower rotating speed can be used to obtain higher aeroperformance.
Unit stationary seal is connected with the external world, need to be only connected by flange with gas pipeline, and electricity generation system zero can be achieved and let out
Leakage, unit operation are safe and reliable.
In one of the embodiments, the thrust bearing 35 is static-pressure air bearing, the one of the unit casing body 23
Side is provided with the air inlet connected with the thrust bearing 35, and the thrust bearing 35, which is provided with, leads to the end face of rotor propulsion disc 311
Aperture.
The high-pressure air source of thrust bearing input flows to rotor propulsion disc by the aperture on thrust bearing, forms air film, rises
To the effect of gas lubrication.
In air-bearing operation process, rotatable parts are with stationary parts without directly contacting, and friction loss is small, mechanical efficiency
It is high.
The unit of the present invention uses oil-free lubrication, does not have lubricating oil and enters the circulatory system, working medium is polluted, and then
Influence upstream device.
Existing expanding machine mainly uses oil-lubricated bearing or magnetic suspension bearing.Oil-lubricated bearing unit exports in expanding machine
Need just be fully solved natural gas leaking using expensive dry gas seals on axle.Dry gas seals are in addition to seal body, it is also necessary to multiple
Miscellaneous control system, about 200,000 yuan of domestic dry gas seals/set, import it is more expensive.The present invention need not be using expensive dry gas seals.
Although air-bearing is higher compared to oil-lubricated bearing cost, still cheaply many compared to dry gas seals.Using magnetic suspension
The unit of bearing, although also without the dry gas seals of costliness, current magnetic suspension bearing is very expensive, and needs specialty
Personnel carry out installation and debugging to scene, and cost is far above air-bearing.
In another embodiment, the bearing steam vent connected with motor internal is additionally provided with the thrust bearing 35
361。
The steam vent towards motor internal is provided with thrust bearing, the working medium gas that bearing is discharged is discharged into motor internal, used
In cooling motor rotor magnetic steel.
In another embodiment, first order side journal bearing 36 and second level side journal bearing 39 be static pressure or
Kinetic pressure air-float bearing of inner.
To solve refrigerant leakage, prevent lubricating oil from entering natural gas, and reduce mechanical loss, motor bearings uses oil-free lubrication
Gas suspension bearing, abbreviation air-bearing.Wherein thrust bearing uses static-pressure air bearing, and journal bearing uses static pressure or dynamic pressure
Air-bearing.All rotatable parts of unit are all sealed in enclosure interior, are contacted without any position with external environment.
In another embodiment, it is machined with labyrinth between the first order nozzle ring 11 and first order impeller of rotor 12
Formula sealing 1112；The middle part of the rotor 31 be provided with 32 corresponding magnet steel of stator winding, the two of the rotor 31
Hold as hollow-core construction, through hole is provided with the axle center of the first order input 121, the through hole is with rotor 31 close to gas inlet shell
The hollow space connection of the one end of body 13, and the side wall of the hollow space is provided with multiple thrusts regulation steam vent 312, the thrust
Regulation steam vent 312 is uniformly distributed around the axle center of rotor 31, and thrust regulation steam vent 312 is located at the outer of cartridge housing 37
Side.
Labyrinth sealing is machined between first order nozzle ring and first order impeller of rotor, with reference to first order input and electricity
The thrust regulation steam vent of the hollow space of machine rotor forms axial thrust adjusting means, is pushed away for regulation motor rotor axial
Power, and the gas that axial thrust adjusting means is discharged introduces motor internal, strengthens the cooling of motor rotor magnetic steel.
In rotor steam vent uniform in the side wall of the hollow space of air intake casing one end, rotor is in height
Under speed rotation, the effect of pump gas is played, the working medium gas close to air intake casing one end is aspirated.As shown in figure 3, by row
Stomata quantity, aperture Φ b and offset a regulation, can play different suction effects.Steam vent is in pumping, the first order
Gases at high pressure between nozzle ring and first order impeller of rotor can by the gap flow direction motor rotor between nozzle ring and impeller,
So being provided with sealing structure between first order nozzle ring and first order impeller of rotor, make the high pressure gas between nozzle ring and impeller
In flow direction motor rotor, pressure declines body, and the suction effect of steam vent is different, then the slippage of gas pressure is different.
In another embodiment, side wall of the rotor 31 close to the hollow space of the one end of unit casing body 23
Multiple motors cooling steam vent 313 is provided with, the motor cooling steam vent 313 is uniformly distributed around the axle center of rotor 31,
, should and motor cooling steam vent 313 is located at the inner side of isolation part, and through hole is provided with the axle center of the second level input 221
Through hole connects with hollow space of the rotor 31 close to the one end of unit casing body 23.
Motor internal cools down gas and cools down steam vent by motor, and outlet conduit is discharged to by the through hole on the input of the second level
In.
Cavity between electric machine casing and unit casing body, the passage of the second level is flowed to by the first order as working medium gas.
In another embodiment, there are multiple wings in the outside of the electric machine casing 33 along its axially mounted or milling
Piece.
Heat exchange area is increased by fin, stator winding radiated using first order outlet working medium gas.Fin and electricity
The axis direction of machine rotor is identical, can reduce the loss of working medium flow of air, and and can plays a part of rectification.
Embodiment described above only expresses the embodiment of the present invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for one of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect scope.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine, it is characterised in that including first order expanding machine, second level expanding machine and electricity
Machine；The first order expanding machine includes air intake casing, first order nozzle ring and first order impeller of rotor；The second expanding machine bag
Include unit casing body, second level nozzle ring and second level impeller of rotor；The motor includes rotor and stator winding；It is described
Air intake casing is oppositely arranged to form cavity with unit casing body, and axle center of the rotor along cavity is described in cavity
The direction of rotor outer air intake casing to unit casing body is sequentially provided with auxiliary thrust bearing shell, electric machine casing and second level water conservancy diversion
Housing, the rotor are coaxially arranged with first order input close to the end face of air intake casing, and the rotor is close to machine
The end face of assembly housing body is coaxially arranged with second level input, and the stator winding is installed on the inside of electric machine casing；Described first
Level nozzle ring is installed in air intake casing, and the first order impeller of rotor is installed on first order input；The second level spray
Mouth is located in the diversion shell of the second level, and the second level impeller of rotor is on the input of the second level；The rotor leans on
One end of nearly air intake casing is arranged with rotor propulsion disc and first order side journal bearing, and the both sides of the rotor propulsion disc, which are provided with, to push away
Power bearing, first order side journal bearing are located at side of the rotor propulsion disc away from air intake casing, and the rotor is close
One end of unit casing body is arranged with second level side journal bearing；The one end of the air intake casing away from unit casing body be provided with into
Gas port, the described one end of unit casing body away from air intake casing are provided with gas outlet.
2. two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thrust bearing is static pressure gas
Floating axle is held, and the side of the unit casing body is provided with the air inlet connected with the thrust bearing, and the thrust bearing is provided with logical
To the aperture of rotor thrust side surface.
3. two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that be additionally provided with the thrust bearing
The bearing steam vent connected with motor internal.
4. the two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that the first order side is radially
Bearing and second level side journal bearing are static pressure or kinetic pressure air-float bearing of inner.
5. two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the first order nozzle ring and
Labyrinth sealing is machined between primary rotor impeller；The middle part of the rotor is provided with magnet steel corresponding with stator winding,
The both ends of the rotor are hollow-core construction, and through hole is provided with the axle center of the first order input, and the through hole turns with motor
Hollow space of the son close to air intake casing one end connects, and the side wall of the hollow space is provided with multiple thrusts regulation steam vent,
The thrust regulation steam vent is uniformly distributed around the axle center of rotor.
6. two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the rotor is close to unit
The side wall of the hollow space of shell body one end is provided with multiple motors cooling steam vent, and the motor cooling steam vent turns around motor
The axle center of son is uniformly distributed, and through hole is provided with the axle center of the second level input, the through hole is with rotor outside unit
The hollow space connection of shell one end.
7. two-stage cantilevered axle stream expanding machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the outside edge of the electric machine casing
Its axially mounted or milling has multiple fins.
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| CN201711051562.9A CN107725113B (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2017-10-31 | Two-stage cantilever type axial flow expander |
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| CN201711051562.9A CN107725113B (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2017-10-31 | Two-stage cantilever type axial flow expander |
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| CN111486103A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2020-08-04 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Centrifugal compressor and heat pump system |
| CN114320475A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-12 | 北京理工大学 | Pressure energy driving type high-speed rotation vortex expander |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107725113B (en) | 2024-06-07 |
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