CN107714724B - 一种作为抗肿瘤药物的碳点及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种作为抗肿瘤药物的碳点及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种作为抗肿瘤药物的碳点及其制备方法和应用。以精氨酸作为碳源，用水完全溶解，加入适量乙二胺，超声溶解，微波加热即得目标产物碳点。由于生物体中癌细胞内本身就有过氧化氢，所以本发明制备的碳点可以用于治疗癌症。它不仅能够荧光成像而且还具有生物相容性好、NO释放量多、作用循环时间长、药物稳定性好、廉价易得等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光纳米材料和生物医学领域，具体涉及一种可作为抗肿瘤药物的碳点及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
NO是一种极不稳定的生物自由基，分子小，结构简单，常温下为气体，微溶于水，具有脂溶性，广泛分布于生物体内各组织中，它是一种新型生物信使分子。并在心、脑血管调节、神经、免疫调节等方面有着十分重要的生物学作用。因此，受到人们的普遍重视。它不需要任何中介机制就可通过生物膜快速扩散，将一个细胞产生的信息传递到它周围的细胞中，NO的生物学作用和其作用机制研究方兴未艾，它的发现标志着无机分子在医学领域中的研究前景。
在现代生物医学中，研究发现肿瘤细胞中存在过氧化氢。因此设想，如果通过往细胞中添加精氨酸的方法，可实现在肿瘤细胞中产生NO，从而杀死肿瘤细胞。然而，虽然精氨酸与过氧化氢反应可以释放NO，但是其释放量不是很大，而且精氨酸属于生物大分子，在体内只能通过渗透作用进入细胞内发挥作用，效率不高，这也一定程度限制了其实际应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的精氨酸反应生成NO的技术存在的不足进行了改良，将精氨酸制成碳点赋予了其荧光性能可以进行荧光成像。而且改良后NO的产量更大且可直接通过内吞作用进入细胞使效率提高。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种作为抗肿瘤药物的碳点，制备方法包括如下步骤：以精氨酸作为碳源，用水完全溶解，加入适量乙二胺，超声溶解，微波加热即得目标产物碳点。
上述的一种作为抗肿瘤药物的碳点，所述的精氨酸为L精氨酸。
上述的一种作为抗肿瘤药物的碳点，按摩尔比，乙二胺:精氨酸＝(1:2)-(1:4)；优选的，乙二胺:精氨酸＝1:2。
上述的一种作为抗肿瘤药物的碳点，微波功率为750W，加热时间4min。
上述的碳点单用或与其他抗肿瘤药物混合在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
本发明制备的碳点通过与癌细胞中过氧化氢作用产生NO进而杀死癌细胞。碳点是以碳原子为骨架结构，尺寸小于20nm，具有荧光性能的类球形的纳米颗粒。本发明提供了一种能与过氧化氢反应产生NO的碳点，可作为抗肿瘤药物。该药物是一个没有经过钝化或者改性的碳点。该荧光碳点能作为治疗癌症药物的原因是其能与癌细胞中的过氧化氢反应生成NO，并且当癌细胞中的NO含量高于1μM时就能起到杀死癌细胞的作用。此外，该碳点具有荧光性能可以实现对癌症的诊疗一体化。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明制备的碳点，粒径为1-5nm，且为均匀分布的球状颗粒，碳点表面没有经过钝化或者改性，碳点没有毒性，因此可用于生物医学领域，通过其与癌细胞中过氧化氢作用释放NO可以有效治疗癌症。
2、本发明基于碳点的抗肿瘤药物不仅可以荧光成像，而且还具有生物相容性好、NO释放量多、作用循环时间长、药物稳定性好等特点。例如生物成像方面：这种荧光碳点作为抗肿瘤药物在生物体中可以荧光成像进而实现癌症的诊疗一体化。此外，它还可以通过内吞作用进入细胞发挥作用使其治疗效果更好；其制备方法工艺简单、易于操作，制备成本低，易于推广。
3、本发明，将精氨酸做成碳点，能够实现细胞内荧光成像并且产生的NO量更大，更有利于其杀伤肿瘤细胞。此外，在生物细胞内碳点的内吞作用比精氨酸本身的渗透作用效率更高，这也更利于药效的发挥。本发明制备的碳点可作为抗肿瘤药物在生物医学中的应用。
附图说明
图1是L-精氨酸碳点的透射电镜成像。
图2是L-精氨酸碳点在最佳激发波长为370nm的荧光光谱。
图3是24小时L-精氨酸碳点与精氨酸的NO释放曲线。
图4是L-精氨酸碳点的细胞实验结果。
具体实施方式
以下通过非限定性实例进一步详细说明本发明。
实施例1
分别称取11.5mmol L-精氨酸，分别加入5.7mmol尿素和5.7mmol乙二胺，溶于15mL超纯水中，完全溶解后，在微波炉中750W，加热4分钟后取出，分别得到L-精氨酸尿素碳点(URCD)和L-精氨酸乙二胺碳点(LACD)。
将URCD和LACD各加入90mL pH＝6.5的PBS缓冲溶液中溶解。再分别取80mL上述溶解后的液体，各添加100μL H2O2。用Griess试剂分别测得两个体系反应15小时溶液中NO的释放情况。结果如表5所示。
表5
| 反应15小时NO释放量(μM) | |
| LACD | 6.5 |
| URCD | 6.3 |
表5是LACD和URCD分别与H2O2反应15小时NO释放量的统计结果。从表5可见LACD比URCD释放的NO量更多。释放15小时测得LACD释放的NO量是6.5μM，URCD释放的NO量是6.3μM。所以本发明优选乙二胺。
实施例2
称取2g L-精氨酸分别与0.173g、0.230g、0.345g、0.690g、1.38g乙二胺溶于15mL超纯水中(乙二胺与L-精氨酸的物质的量的比分别为1:4,1:3,1:2,1:1,2:1)，在微波炉中750W加热4分钟后取出，得到不同配比的L-精氨酸碳点(LACD)。
将以上五种LACD分别溶于40mL pH＝6.5的PBS缓冲溶液中，然后再各取20mL，再分别向其中加入200μL H2O2反应12小时。用Griess试剂分别测得其反应12小时NO的释放量，结果如表6所示。
表6
| 乙二胺与L-精氨酸物质的量比 | 反应12小时NO释放量(μM) |
| 1:4 | 24.68 |
| 1:3 | 23.46 |
| 1:2 | 28.44 |
| 1:1 | 6.74 |
| 2:1 | 8.28 |
从表6可见，乙二胺与L-精氨酸物质的量的比为1:2时释放的NO量最多，释放量是28.44μM。
实施例3 L-精氨酸碳点
称取2g(11.5mmol)L-精氨酸，0.345g(5.7mmol)，溶于15mL超纯水中，完全溶解后，在微波炉中750W，加热4分钟后取出，得到L-精氨酸碳点(LACD)。
将制备的L-精氨酸碳点(LACD)进行电镜扫描，结果如图1所示，从图1可见，制备的L-精氨酸碳点(LACD)平均粒径为3nm，且分布均匀，成均匀分布的球形颗粒。
实施例4 L-精氨酸碳点的应用
将实施例3中制备好的L-精氨酸碳点用水稀释至近无色，装入比色皿中，用荧光光谱仪测得该碳点最佳激发波长为370nm，然后用紫外分光光度计在波长为370nm调碳点溶液的吸光度到0.1。就用此浓度的碳点溶液用荧光分光光度计在激发波长为370nm处测得其荧光光谱，硫酸奎宁荧光光谱测得方法与此相同，结果如图2所示，由于硫酸奎宁标准品量子产率为54％，所以通过积分从图2可知，L-精氨酸碳点(LACD)的量子产率为6.88％。
实施例5 L-精氨酸碳点体外模拟实验
分别将0.89g实施例3中制备好的L-精氨酸碳点(LACD)和L-精氨酸各加入80mLpH＝6.5的PBS缓冲溶液中，各添加100μL H2O2，在37℃下恒温搅拌。用Griess试剂分别测得两个体系不同时间溶液中NO的释放情况。结果如图3所示。
图3是反应生成NO的动力学释放曲线。从图3可见LACD比L-精氨酸释放的NO量更多。体外释放24小时测得LACD释放的NO量是13.38μM，L-精氨酸释放的NO量是11.12μM。
实施例6 L-精氨酸碳点细胞实验
分别取0.5,1,10,20,50,100,200mg/mL的实施例3制备的L-精氨酸碳点(LACD)和L-精氨酸溶液100μL与BGC823胃癌细胞共培育48小时，测得细胞存活率，结果如图4所示。从图4可见LACD比L-精氨酸对癌细胞有更高的杀伤力。在药物浓度为20mg/mL时，LACD使癌细胞存活率降低到43.1％，而L-精氨酸碳点反而会使细胞存活率提高到148.6％。
综上可见，从制备过程来看，本发明的方法，原料价格低廉，方法简单易行，且无需复杂的反应条件，而且本发明制备的碳点可以用于治疗癌症。它不仅能够荧光成像而且还具有生物相容性好、NO释放量多、作用循环时间长、药物稳定性好、廉价易得等特点。鉴于这些优秀的性能，这种新型碳点有望在癌症的诊疗一体化领域开展应用研究。
Claims (3)
1.作为抗肿瘤药物的碳点单用或与其他抗肿瘤药物混合在制备诊疗抗肿瘤药物中的应用，其特征在于，所述碳点的制备方法包括如下步骤：以L精氨酸作为碳源，用水完全溶解，加入适量乙二胺， 超声溶解，微波功率为750W，微波加热4min，即得目标产物L-精氨酸碳点；按摩尔比，乙二胺: L精氨酸=1:2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，L-精氨酸碳点的药物浓度为0.5-100mg/mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，L-精氨酸碳点的药物浓度为20mg/mL。
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