CN107709693A - 中心具有反向旋转切削器的混合钻头 - Google Patents
中心具有反向旋转切削器的混合钻头 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
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- E21B10/18—Roller bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
Abstract
本发明提供了一种混合钻头,所述混合钻头在其上包括固定切削元件和旋转切削元件两者。所述固定切削元件附接至钻头主体并且限定径向地安置在所述旋转切削元件外部的位于***的固定切削结构。所述旋转切削元件限定位于中心的反向旋转切削结构,所述反向旋转切削结构包括被安装以在大体上垂直于钻头主体旋转轴的轴上相对于彼此反向旋转的两个半球形反向旋转切削构件。
Description
背景
1.发明领域
本公开一般来说涉及用于与油气勘探、钻井和生产相关的操作中的井下工具,诸如钻头。更具体地说,本公开的实施方案涉及其上包括固定切削元件和旋转切削元件两者的钻头。
2.背景
经常在碳氢化合物、水、地热能量或其它地下资源的勘探、钻探和生产的操作中,旋转钻头用以穿过地质地层形成井筒。旋转钻头通常可以分类为具有固定切削元件的固定切削器钻头,或具有安装在一个或多个牙轮上的切削元件的牙轮钻头,所述牙轮被安装以用于相对于钻头的钻头主体旋转。
固定切削器钻头经常被称作“刮刀钻头”并且可以构造有安装至钻头主体的多个固定切削元件。用于固定切削器钻头的钻头主体可以由诸如钢的金属材料或通过用熔化的粘合剂渗透加固材料而形成的粘结材料构成。固定切削元件可以附接至钻头主体的外部轮廓,使得在形成井筒时切削元件上的硬表面暴露于地质地层。切削元件通常操作以通常通过当钻头在井筒内旋转时剪切地层材料来从地质地层中去除材料。
牙轮钻头可以由可旋转地安装至钻头主体的一个或多个牙轮构成,其中切削元件安置在牙轮上。当牙轮钻头旋转时,牙轮沿着井筒底部滚动。牙轮上的切削元件通常操作以通常通过粉碎、凿挖和/或刮擦地质地层中的材料以从地质地层中去除形成地质材料的材料来钻探井筒。
出于各种目的,混合钻头已被开发为具有固定切削器和牙轮钻头两者的特征。例如,在一些例子中,混合钻头可以更耐用,从而与固定切削器钻头或牙轮钻头单独相比在钻头需要维修或更换之前准许钻探更大的深度。
附图简述
下文中基于附图中表示的实施方案详细描述了本公开,附图中:
图1是包括根据本公开的一个或多个示例性实施方案构造的混合钻头的钻井***的部分横截面侧视图;
图2是图1的混合钻头的透视图,其示出了由钻头主体限定的位于***的固定切削结构以及由位于***的固定切削结构包围的位于中心的反向旋转切削结构;以及
图3是图2的混合钻头的横截面透视图,其示出了通过安置在钻头主体中限定的中心孔隙内的耦合器耦合至钻头主体的位于中心的反向旋转切削结构;以及
图4A是混合钻头的另一实例的部分横截面视图,其示出了具有可围绕不同的偏移的滚子轴旋转的一对大体圆柱形的反向旋转切削构件的位于中心的反向旋转切削结构;以及
图4B是混合钻头的另一实例的部分横截面视图,其示出了具有相对于混合钻头的旋转轴以径向偏移的方式安装的单一旋转切削构件的位于中心的旋转切削结构。
具体实施方式
本公开在各实例或图中可以重复参考数字和/或字母。这种重复是出于简单和清晰的目的,并且本身不指示所讨论的各种实施方案和/或配置之间的关系。另外,诸如下面、下方、下部、上方、上部、井上、井下、上游、下游等空间相对术语可以为了易于描述而在本文中用来描述所示的一个元件或特征与另一元件或特征的关系,向上方向是朝向相应图的顶部并且向下方向是朝向相应图的底部,井上方向是朝向井筒表面,井下方向是朝向井筒底部。除非另外陈述,否则空间相对术语旨在涵盖在使用或操作中的设备的除了图中所示定向之外的不同定向。例如,如果图中的设备被翻转,那么描述为在其它元件或特征“下方”或“下面”的元件将定向为在其它元件或特征“上方”。因此,示例性术语“下方”可以涵盖上方和下方两种定向。设备可以另外定向(旋转90度或在其它定向上)并且本文中所使用的空间相对描述可以同样相应地解释。
此外,即使图可能示出在具有特定定向的井筒的一部分中的设备,但除非另外指示,否则本领域技术人员应理解,根据本公开的设备可以同样非常适合用于具有其它定向(包括竖直的、倾斜的、水平的、弯曲的等)的井筒部分中。同样,除非另外指出,否则即使图可能示出岸上或陆地操作,但本领域技术人员应理解,根据本公开的设备同样非常适合于在海上操作中使用。另外,除非另外指出,否则即使图可能示出部分有套管的井筒,但本领域技术人员应理解,根据本公开的设备可以同样非常适合在全裸眼井筒中使用。
1.示例性实施方案的描述
本公开包括混合钻头,所述混合钻头包括安置在钻头***周围的固定切削元件以及位于混合钻头中心的一对反向旋转切削构件。钻头的旋转沿着相对长的周向路径运送位于***的固定切削元件,这可以便于从地层剪切地质材料。该对反向旋转切削构件在相对短的周向区域中滚动以粉碎和刮擦钻头的旋转轴附近的地质材料。反向旋转切削构件可以安装在大体上垂直于旋转轴的轴上并且可以轴向地定位以限定固定切削元件的切削深度。
图1是可以并入有根据本公开的一个或多个示例性实施方案构造的混合钻头100的钻井***10的实例的正视图。钻井***l0部分安置在井筒14内,井筒14从地面位置“S”延伸并且横穿地质地层“G”。在所示实例中,将井筒14示出为大体上竖直的,但将理解,井筒14可以在其中包括广泛多种竖直的、定向的、偏离的、倾斜的和/或水平的部分中的任一者,并且可以沿着穿过地质地层“G”的任何轨迹延伸。
混合钻头100提供在钻柱18的下端以用于切削至地质地层“G”中。当旋转时,混合钻头100操作以使地质地层“G”破裂并大体上碎裂。混合钻头100可以按多种方式中的任一者旋转。在这个实例中,在地面位置“S”处,钻机22包括转台28,转台28可操作以使整个钻柱18和耦合至钻柱18的下端的混合钻头100旋转。转台28选择性地由发动机30、链传动***或其它设备驱动。在一些实施方案中,提供在钻柱18中的井底钻具组合件或BHA 32可以包括井下马达34以选择性地使混合钻头100相对于钻柱18的其余部分旋转。马达34可以响应于钻井液(诸如泥浆36)循环经过其而生成扭矩。本领域技术人员将认识到,选择性地使混合钻头100相对于钻柱18旋转的能力可用于定向钻井,和/或也用于其它操作。
泥浆36可以由泥浆泵38经由钻柱18的内部向井下泵送。泥浆36经过BHA 32的井下马达34,在马达34处从泥浆36抽取能量以使混合钻头100转动。当泥浆36经过BHA 32时,泥浆36可以在经由限定在混合钻头100中的喷嘴124(图2)排出之前润滑限定在BHA32中的轴承(未明确示出)。泥浆36在经由限定在钻柱18与地质地层“G”之间的环空40继续返回向上循环时从混合钻头100的路径中冲刷地质切削和/或其它碎屑。地质切削和其它碎屑由泥浆36携带至地面位置“S”,在地面位置处可将切削和碎屑从泥浆流中去除。
图2是示出钻头主体102的混合钻头100的透视图,钻头主体102限定位于***的固定切削结构104以及大体上由固定切削结构104包围的位于中心的反向旋转切削结构106。混合钻头100还可以包括各种类型的连接器108中的任一者,连接器108从钻头主体102延伸以用于将混合钻头100耦合至钻柱18(图1)。在一些示例性实施方案中,连接器108可以包括上面限定有美国石油协会(API)螺纹的螺纹销。
钻头主体102限定在其前方末端102a与后方末端102b之间延伸的钻头主体旋转轴“X0”。在一些示例性实施方案中,钻头主体102可以由金属材料(诸如钢或通常与制造旋转钻头相关联的各种金属合金中的任一者)构成。或者,钻头主体102可以由通过用本领域技术人员了解的熔化的粘合剂材料(例如,铜、锡、锰镍和锌)渗透加固材料(例如,碳化钨粉末)而形成的粘结材料构成。
位于***的固定切削结构104包括围绕反向旋转切削结构106周向地间隔开的多个切削刀片114,其中排屑槽116限定在切削刀片114之间。在一些示例性实施方案中,六(6)个切削刀片114围绕钻头主体旋转轴“X0”非对称地布置。排屑槽116例如,通过在钻头主体102周围提供用于钻井泥浆36(图1)的流动路径而便于从混合钻头100的路径中去除地质材料和碎屑。
切削刀片114将多个固定切削元件118支撑在其上,所述固定切削元件围绕反向旋转切削结构106轴向地和径向地间隔开。如本文中所使用,术语“固定”通常意指固定切削元件118被安装以用于当混合钻头100围绕钻头主体旋转轴“X0”旋转时维持相对于钻头主体102的位置和定向。在一些实施方案中,固定切削元件118可以通过钎焊或本领域中辨识的其它制造技术牢固地安装至切削刀片114。固定切削元件118通常通过在混合钻头100在井下旋转时从井筒14(图1)的底部和侧面剪切地质材料来啮合并去除地质地层“G”(图1)的相邻部分。在一些示例性实施方案中,固定切削元件118可以包括各种类型的聚晶金刚石复合片(PDC)切削器部件。
保径元件120在每一切削刀片114的后方末端提供在径向向外的表面上。保径元件120可以由上文描述用于构造固定切削元件118的硬材料中的任一者构成并操作以维持井筒14(图1)的直径。
在一个或多个示例性实施方案中,多个喷嘴开口122限定在钻头主体102中。相应喷嘴124可以安置在每一喷嘴开口122中以用于排出经由钻柱18(图1)泵送的各种类型的钻井液或泥浆36(图1)。喷嘴开口122流体地耦合至延伸穿过混合钻头100的流体通道128(图3)。在一些实施方案中,位于中心的反向旋转切削结构106也可以包括流体地耦合至流体通道128的喷嘴(未明确示出)。流体通道128延伸穿过钻头主体102和连接器108,使得流体通道128可以流体地耦合至钻柱18(图1)。
位于中心的反向旋转切削结构106径向地安置成与钻头主体旋转轴“X0”相邻,使得反向旋转切削结构106大体上由固定切削结构104包围。反向旋转切削结构106包括通过轴杆136可旋转地耦合至钻头主体102的一对反向旋转切削构件132。在一些示例性实施方案中,轴杆136相对于钻头主体102安装在固定位置并且反向旋转切削构件132被安装以用于围绕轴杆136相对于彼此反向旋转。每一反向旋转切削构件132径向地从钻头主体旋转轴“X0”移位,并且因此反向旋转切削构件132可以在混合钻头100旋转时被引发以在轴杆136上旋转。例如,与地质地层“G”(图1)相邻的混合钻头100围绕钻头主体旋转轴“X0”在箭头A0的方向上旋转引发第一反向旋转切削构件132围绕轴杆136在方向A1上旋转以及第二反向旋转切削构件132围绕轴杆136在相对的箭头A2的方向上旋转。围绕轴杆136的旋转部分是因为地质地层“G”与反向旋转切削构件132之间的摩擦力,所述摩擦力引发反向旋转切削构件132沿着在钻头主体旋转轴“X0”周围的周向路径滚动。
反向旋转切削构件132将切削元件138支撑在其上。切削元件138通常可以操作以粉碎和刮擦钻头主体102的钻头主体旋转轴“X0”附近的地质材料。在所示实施方案中,切削元件138从反向旋转切削构件132的大体半球形的表面140突出。反向旋转切削构件132被布置成使得相应的半球形表面140限定跨越反向旋转切削结构106的前方末端142的大体球形的轮廓。在一些实施方案中,大体球形的轮廓的顶点144大体上沿着钻头主体旋转轴“X0”安置,并且在其它实施方案中,顶点144径向地从钻头主体旋转轴“X0”偏移。在一些实施方案中,顶点144可以径向地从钻头主体旋转轴“X0”偏移,使得反向旋转切削构件132中的一者与钻头主体旋转轴“X0”相交并且反向旋转切削构件132延伸至钻头主体旋转轴“X0”的相对的径向侧。切削元件138可以按周向行布置在半球形表面140周围。为了便于反向旋转切削构件132的反向旋转(例如,围绕轴杆136在相反方向上旋转),旋转切削构件132中的每一者上的切削元件138的相应的径向上最内部的周向行138a、138b(图3)可以安置在钻头主体旋转轴“X0”的相对的径向侧上,如图3所示。也涵盖用于反向旋转切削构件132上的切削元件138的其它布置,诸如在反向旋转切削构件132上呈任何随机或图案化布置的凹陷或刀片。
图3是混合钻头100的横截面透视图,其示出了通过耦合器148耦合至钻头主体102的位于中心的反向旋转切削结构106。耦合器148可以安置在限定在钻头主体102中的中心孔隙150中,并且在这个实施方案中,耦合器148包括限定在反向旋转切削结构106上的外部螺纹表面152。外部螺纹表面152啮合限定在中心孔隙150内的相应的内部螺纹表面154。如所示,外部螺纹表面152与内部螺纹表面154完全啮合,使得反向旋转切削结构106与孔隙150内的环形肩部160邻接。在这个配置中,反向旋转切削构件132从孔隙150突出,使得反向旋转切削构件132大体上与固定切削元件118轴向地对准。在一些实施方案中,反向旋转切削构件132的前方末端142轴向地安置以处于固定切削元件118中的至少一者前方并跟随在固定切削元件118中的至少一者后方。具体地说,前方末端142安置在径向上最内部的固定切削元件118A的前方轴向侧上和轴向上最前方的固定切削元件118B的后方轴向侧上。
反向旋转切削构件132的轴向位置限定固定切削元件118可以实现的切削深度。一般来说,在反向旋转切削构件132在较大程度上轴向地处于固定切削元件118前方的情况下,与经由固定切削元件118相比,经由反向旋转切削构件132可以将施加至钻头100的轴向力的较大部分传送至地质地层“G”(图1)。因此,固定切削元件118可以实现相对低的切削深度。相反,在反向旋转切削构件132在较小程度上轴向地处于固定切削元件118前方的情况下,或在反向旋转切削构件132轴向地跟随在固定切削元件118后方的情况下,与经由反向旋转切削构件132相比,经由固定切削元件118可以将施加至钻头100的轴向力的较大部分传送至地质地层“G”,并且因此固定切削元件118可以实现相对高的切削深度。
在一些其它示例性实施方案(未示出)中,反向旋转切削结构106可以暴露不足。例如,反向旋转切削构件132的前方末端142可以安置在中心孔隙150内,并且在一些实施方案中,前方末端142可以安置成跟随在固定切削元件中的每一者后方。在其它实施方案中,反向旋转切削结构106可以过度暴露,使得前方末端安置在固定切削元件118中的每一者的前方轴向侧上。在一些其它示例性实施方案(未示出)中,反向旋转切削结构106可以通过其它机构(包括焊接、钎焊、卡环、螺纹环、销接等)紧固在中心孔隙150内。
反向旋转切削结构106包括从其延伸的一对平行轴杆支撑件166。在一些实施方案中,轴杆支撑件166以固定或刚性方式将轴杆136固持为大体上与钻头主体旋转轴“X0”正交。相应滚子轴“X1”和“X2”基本上彼此对准,使得两个反向旋转切削构件132可围绕大体上垂直于钻头主体旋转轴“X0”延伸的共同轴旋转。推力面168限定在轴杆支撑件166与反向旋转切削构件132之间,并且推力面170限定在反向旋转切削构件132之间。在一些实施方案中,推力面168、170相对于钻头主体旋转轴“X0”以大体上平行的方式布置,并且推力面168、170可以包括密封或未密封的轴承部件。
2.实例操作方法
继续参照图1至图3,混合钻头100可以用于穿过地质地层“G”形成井筒14。在一些示例性实施方案中,最初可以评估地质地层“G”以评定反向旋转切削结构106相对于固定切削元件118的适当的轴向位置。例如,可以评定地质地层“G”内的地质材料的类型以确定固定切削元件118的适当切削深度,并且可以选择具有反向旋转切削结构106的适当轴向位置的混合钻头100以实现适当的切削速度。可以通过反向旋转切削结构106的轴向位置限定施加至固定切削元件118的重量和固定切削元件118的相应的切削深度。
接下来,混合钻头100可以利用连接器108耦合至钻柱18,并且混合钻头100的钻头主体102可以邻近地质地层“G”围绕钻头主体旋转轴“X0”旋转。通过使钻头主体102旋转,可以利用固定切削元件118从地质地层“G”剪切地质材料。钻头主体102的旋转使得反向旋转切削构件132沿着地质地层“G”在相反反向上滚动。第一反向旋转切削构件132在箭头A1的方向上滚动,并且第二反向旋转切削构件132在箭头A2的方向上滚动。滚子元件132皆围绕轴杆136和轴A1旋转,轴A1与钻头主体旋转轴“X0”大体上正交。因此利用钻头主体旋转轴“X0”附近的切削元件138粉碎和刮擦地质地层“G”中的地质材料。
3.附加实施方案
图4A是混合钻头200的另一实例的部分横截面视图,其示出了具有一对大体圆柱形的反向旋转切削构件210、212的位于中心的反向旋转切削结构206。反向旋转切削构件210皆在钻头主体旋转轴“X3”的相对的径向侧上从钻头主体216的钻头主体旋转轴“X3”径向地移位。因此,反向旋转切削构件210、212被安装以用于围绕大体上垂直于钻头主体旋转轴“X3”的相应滚子轴“X4”和“X5”相对于彼此反向旋转。第一圆柱形反向旋转切削构件210具有比第二反向旋转切削构件212大的直径。在这个实施方案中,上面支撑了反向旋转切削构件210、212的相应滚子轴“X4”和“X5”彼此不同并且彼此偏移。具体地说,相应滚子轴“X4”和“X5”沿着钻头主体旋转轴“X5”彼此轴向地偏移,使得反向旋转切削构件210、210的相应前方末端218、220轴向地对准。在一些其它实施方案(未示出)中,前方末端218、220可以彼此轴向地偏移。
在一个或多个其它实施方案(未示出)中,用于旋转切削构件的不同的且偏移的滚子轴可以在除了由钻头主体的旋转轴限定的轴向方向之外的方向上彼此偏移。例如,在其它实施方案中,滚子轴可以横向地、径向地、成角度地和/或周向地彼此偏移。在一些示例性实施方案(未示出)中,不同的滚子轴在与钻头主体轴大体上正交的同一平面中和/或在与钻头主体轴大体上正交的轴向偏移的平面内彼此以直角布置,和/或彼此以斜角布置。在一些实施方案(未示出)中,不同的滚子轴被布置成使得滚子轴与钻头主体旋转轴不相交。
图4B是混合钻头300的另一实例的部分横截面视图,其示出了上面具有单个旋转切削构件310的位于中心的旋转切削结构306。旋转切削构件310相对于由混合钻头300的钻头主体312限定的钻头主体旋转轴“X6”以径向偏移的方式安装。旋转切削结构306的轴杆支撑件320将反向旋转切削构件310的中心线“C”维持为与钻头主体旋转轴“X6”径向地偏移达偏移距离“D”。因此,钻头主体312邻近地质地层“G”(图1)的旋转引发旋转切削构件310围绕滚子轴“X7”旋转,滚子轴“X7”可以与钻头主体旋转轴“X6”大体上正交。旋转切削构件310与钻头主体旋转轴“X6”相交,使得旋转切削构件310延伸至钻头主体旋转轴“X6”的相对的径向侧。
4.本公开的方面
提供在本章节描述的本公开的方面以用简化形式描述一系列概念,所述概念在上文更详细地进行了描述。本章节无意识别要求保护的主题的关键特征或基本特征,也无意用于辅助确定要求保护的主题的范围。
在一个方面,本公开涉及一种用于穿过地质地层形成井筒的钻头。所述钻头包括被配置用来连接至钻柱的连接器以及耦合至所述连接器的钻头主体。所述钻头主体限定纵向地延伸穿过所述钻头主体的钻头主体旋转轴。所述钻头还包括在所述钻头主体上的位于***的固定切削结构和位于中心的反向旋转切削结构。所述位于***的固定切削结构在其上包括至少一个固定切削元件以用于随所述钻头主体围绕所述钻头主体旋转轴旋转。所述位于中心的反向旋转切削结构包括围绕大体上垂直于所述钻头主体旋转轴的相应滚子轴安装的两个反向旋转切削构件。
在一个或多个示例性实施方案中,所述两个反向旋转切削构件被安装以用于响应于所述钻头主体围绕所述钻头主体旋转轴的旋转而相对于彼此反向旋转。在一个或多个示例性实施方案中,所述位于中心的反向旋转切削结构包括跨越其前方末端的大体球形的轮廓。所述反向旋转切削构件的所述相应滚子轴可以基本上对准,使得所述两个反向旋转切削构件可围绕大体上垂直于所述钻头主体旋转轴延伸的共同轴旋转。或者,所述相应滚子轴可以彼此偏移,使得所述两个反向旋转切削构件可围绕大体上垂直于所述钻头主体旋转轴延伸的不同轴旋转。在一些实施方案中,不同的且偏移的滚子轴可以沿着所述钻头主体旋转轴彼此轴向地偏移。在一些实施方案中,所述两个反向旋转切削构件被安装以延伸至所述钻头主体旋转轴的相对的径向侧。
在一些实施方案中,所述位于中心的反向旋转切削结构可以在其上包括耦合器以用于将所述反向旋转切削结构耦合至所述钻头主体中限定的中心孔隙中。所述耦合器可以在其上包括第一螺纹表面,所述第一螺纹表面用于啮合所述中心孔隙中限定的相应的第二螺纹表面。在一些实施方案中,所述耦合器可以包括固定耦合器,诸如焊接或粘合剂,并且在其它实施方案中,所述耦合器可以包括可移除的耦合器(诸如销或闩锁)以便于将所述反向旋转切削结构从所述中心孔隙中移除。在一些示例性实施方案中,所述反向旋转切削结构包括将所述两个反向旋转切削构件支撑在其上的轴杆。
在一个或多个示例性实施方案中,所述位于***的固定切削结构包括围绕位于中心的反向旋转切削结构周向地间隔开的多个切削刀片。所述位于***的固定切削结构可以包括多个径向和轴向分布的固定切削元件,并且在一些实施方案中,所述反向旋转切削构件的所述前方末端轴向地安置以处于所述固定切削元件中的至少一者前方并跟随在所述固定切削元件中的至少一者后方。在一些实施方案中,所述位于中心的反向旋转切削结构的所述前方末端可以安置在径向上最内部的固定切削元件的前方轴向侧上和轴向上最前方的固定切削元件的后方轴向侧上。在一些示例性实施方案中,所述位于中心的反向旋转切削结构可以暴露不足,使得所述前方末端安置在所述固定切削元件中的每一者的后方轴向侧上,并且在其它实施方案中,所述反向旋转切削结构可以过度暴露,使得所述前方末端安置在所述固定切削元件中的每一者的前方轴向侧上。
在另一方面,本公开涉及一种用于穿过地质地层形成井筒的钻头。所述钻头包括被配置用来连接至钻柱中的连接器。钻头主体耦合至所述连接器并且限定纵向地延伸穿过所述钻头主体的旋转轴。所述钻头还包括限定在所述钻头主体上的固定切削结构,所述固定切削结构在其上包括至少一个固定切削元件以用于随所述钻头主体围绕所述旋转轴旋转。所述钻头还包括旋转切削结构,所述旋转切削结构包括安装在大体上垂直于所述钻头主体旋转轴的轴上的至少一个旋转切削构件。所述旋转切削构件与所述钻头主体旋转轴径向地偏移。
在一些示例性实施方案中,所述固定切削结构的所述至少一个固定切削元件包括在所述反向旋转切削结构的径向外侧上彼此周向地间隔开的多个固定切削元件。在一些实施方案中,所述位于中心的旋转切削结构在所述多个固定切削元件内从所述钻头主体中限定的中心孔隙径向地突出。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述至少一个旋转切削构件包括被安装以延伸至所述钻头主体旋转轴的相对的径向侧的两个反向旋转切削构件。在一些示例性实施方案中,所述两个反向旋转切削构件各自具有大体半球形的轮廓,并且在一些实施方案中,所述两个反向旋转切削构件相对于彼此定向以限定跨越所述旋转切削结构的前方末端的大体球形的轮廓。在一些示例性实施方案中,所述大体球形的轮廓的顶点大体上沿着所述钻头主体旋转轴安置。
在一些实施方案中,所述两个反向旋转切削构件安装在共同轴上。在一些实施方案中,所述至少一个反向旋转切削构件与所述旋转轴相交并且延伸至所述钻头主体旋转轴的相对的径向侧。
本公开的摘要仅用于向美国专利和商标局以及公众详细提供从粗略阅读迅速确定技术公开内容的本质和要点的方式,并且其仅表示一个或多个实施方案。
尽管已详细示出了各种实施方案,但本公开不限于所示实施方案。本领域技术人员可以想到对以上实施方案的修改和改编。这些修改和改编在本公开的精神和范围内。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于穿过地质地层形成井筒的钻头,所述钻头包括:
连接器,所述连接器被配置用来连接至钻柱,
钻头主体,所述钻头主体耦合至所述连接器并且限定纵向地延伸穿过所述钻头主体的钻头主体旋转轴;
位于***的固定切削结构,所述固定切削结构在所述钻头主体上并且在其上包括至少一个固定切削元件以用于随所述钻头主体围绕所述钻头主体旋转轴旋转;以及
位于中心的反向旋转切削结构,所述反向旋转切削结构包括围绕大体上垂直于所述钻头主体旋转轴的相应滚子轴安装的两个反向旋转切削构件。
2.如权利要求1所述的钻头,其中所述位于中心的反向旋转切削结构包括跨越其前方末端的大体球形的轮廓。
3.如权利要求1所述的钻头,其中所述相应滚子轴对准,使得所述两个反向旋转切削构件可围绕大体上垂直于所述钻头主体旋转轴延伸的共同滚子轴旋转。
4.如权利要求3所述的钻头,其中所述两个反向旋转切削构件延伸至所述钻头主体旋转轴的相对的径向侧。
5.如权利要求1所述的钻头,其中所述相应滚子轴彼此偏移,使得所述两个反向旋转切削构件可围绕大体上垂直于所述钻头主体旋转轴延伸的不同轴旋转。
6.如权利要求5所述的钻头,其中所述相应滚子轴沿着所述钻头主体旋转轴彼此轴向地偏移。
7.如权利要求1所述的钻头,其中所述位于中心的反向旋转切削结构在其上包括耦合器以用于将所述位于中心的反向旋转切削结构耦合至所述钻头主体中限定的中心孔隙中。
8.如权利要求7所述的钻头,其中所述耦合器包括第一螺纹表面,所述第一螺纹表面用于啮合所述中心孔隙中限定的相应的第二螺纹表面。
9.如权利要求1所述的钻头,其中所述位于中心的反向旋转切削结构包括将所述两个反向旋转切削构件支撑在其上的轴杆。
10.如权利要求1所述的钻头,其中所述位于***的固定切削结构包括围绕位于中心的反向旋转切削结构周向地间隔开的多个切削刀片。
11.如权利要求1所述的钻头,其中所述位于***的固定切削结构包括多个径向和轴向分布的固定切削元件,并且其中所述位于中心的反向旋转切削结构的前方末端安置在径向上最内部的固定切削元件的前方轴向侧上。
12.如权利要求11所述的钻头,其中所述位于中心的反向旋转切削结构的所述前方末端安置在轴向上最前方的固定切削元件的后方轴向侧上。
13.一种用于穿过地质地层形成井筒的钻头,所述钻头包括:
连接器,所述连接器被配置用来连接至钻柱中,
钻头主体,所述钻头主体耦合至所述连接器并且限定纵向地延伸穿过所述钻头主体的钻头主体旋转轴;
固定切削结构,所述固定切削结构限定在所述钻头主体上并且在其上包括至少一个固定切削元件以用于随所述钻头主体围绕所述旋转轴旋转;以及
旋转切削结构,所述旋转切削结构包括与所述钻头主体旋转轴径向地偏移的至少一个旋转切削构件,所述旋转切削构件安装在大体上垂直于所述钻头主体旋转轴的滚子轴上。
14.如权利要求13所述的钻头,其中所述固定切削结构的所述至少一个固定切削元件包括在所述反向旋转切削结构的径向外侧彼此周向地间隔开的多个固定切削元件。
15.如权利要求14所述的钻头,其中所述旋转切削结构在所述多个固定切削元件内从所述钻头主体中限定的中心孔隙径向地突出。
16.如权利要求13所述的钻头,其中所述至少一个旋转切削构件包括被安装以延伸至所述钻头主体旋转轴的相对的径向侧的两个反向旋转切削构件。
17.如权利要求16所述的钻头,其中所述两个反向旋转切削构件各自具有大体半球形的轮廓。
18.如权利要求17所述的钻头,其中所述两个反向旋转切削构件相对于彼此定向以限定跨越所述旋转切削结构的前方末端的大体球形的轮廓。
19.如权利要求18所述的钻头,其中所述大体球形的轮廓的顶点大体上沿着所述钻头主体旋转轴安置。
20.如权利要求13所述的钻头,其中所述至少一个旋转切削构件包括被安装以用于围绕所述滚子轴旋转的大体圆柱形的表面。
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US10557311B2 (en) | 2020-02-11 |
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