CN107708174B - Terminal direct D2D routing method in 5G system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a terminal direct D2D routing method in a 5G system, which comprises the following steps: step 1, when two nodes need to communicate, calculating the weighted sum of the residual electric quantity of each path and the weighted sum of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where each path is located between the two nodes; step 2, calculating the characteristic value of each path, and selecting the path with the maximum characteristic value as a routing path between two nodes; and 3, after the time T, calculating the characteristic value of each path again, and selecting the path with the maximum characteristic value as a routing path between two nodes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, and relates to a direct D2D routing method for a terminal in a 5G system.
Background
Cellular communications have experienced a continuing evolution from the first generation of analog mobile telephone systems, represented by voice services, to the fourth generation (4G) of large-scale commercial wireless broadband systems, represented by mobile data, mobile computing, and mobile multimedia. At the present stage, along with the rapid popularization of the intelligent terminal and the explosive increase of the network communication capacity, the evolution demand of the wireless communication technology facing 5G is more clear and urgent, and the wireless communication technology is beginning to receive great attention from the industry.
In the evolution of the 5G-oriented wireless communication technology, on one hand, traditional wireless communication performance indexes, such as network capacity, spectrum efficiency and the like, need to be continuously improved to further improve the wireless spectrum utilization rate; on the other hand, richer communication modes and the resulting enhancement of the end user experience and the expansion of cellular communication applications are also an evolving direction to consider. As a key candidate technology for 5G, Device-to-Device (D2D), i.e., a terminal-through technology, has the potential prospect of improving system performance, improving user experience, and expanding cellular communication applications, and is receiving wide attention.
The D2D technology refers to a method in which a neighboring terminal can perform data transmission through a direct link within a short distance without forwarding through a central node (i.e., a base station). The short-distance communication characteristic and the direct communication mode of the D2D technology have the following advantages:
(1) the terminal short-distance direct communication mode can realize higher data rate, lower delay and lower power consumption;
(2) by utilizing the characteristics of widely distributed user terminals in the network and the short distance of the D2D communication link, the effective utilization of frequency spectrum resources can be realized, and resource space division multiplexing gain is obtained;
(3) the direct communication mode of the D2D can adapt to the local data sharing requirement of the service such as wireless P2P and the like, and provides data service with flexible adaptability;
(4) D2D direct communication enables the use of a large number and wide distribution of communication terminals in a network to extend the coverage of the network.
Therefore, in the future 5G system, the D2D communication key technology will certainly play a considerable role in achieving large wireless data traffic increase, power consumption reduction, real-time performance and reliability enhancement, etc., with advantages that are not comparable to the conventional cellular communication.
D2D communication works under cellular networks, although the technology refers to direct communication between terminals (devices), on the basis of which some assistance by base stations is possible. The D2D communication is divided into D2D communication with base station assistance and D2D communication without base station depending on whether or not assistance with base station is available.
(1) D2D communication fully controlled by network
D2D communication, which is fully controlled by the network, refers to the centralized control of the communication of D2D users with the base station controlling the connection establishment of the communication between D2D users and the allocation of radio resources.
Such a communication is advantageous for interference control and global resource management, since there is a control center, which facilitates some control of the global system. However, this method has problems in that because of the communication characteristics of D2D, it is difficult for the base station to obtain a large amount of link-switched information about D2D communication, especially when the network is in a poor state or the D2D communication links are too many, collecting such information causes a large amount of signaling overhead, prevents the spectrum utilization from increasing, and goes against the essence of D2D communication to some extent, so that the D2D communication lacks sufficient flexibility and autonomy. This is suitable for the case where the cell traffic is relatively small and the number of D2D communication links in the network is also relatively small.
(2) Autonomous D2D communication assisted by a network
The scheme subject is D2D communication, but requires some corresponding auxiliary help provided by the network, and the D2D user realizes communication in an autonomous manner on the premise that the network provides help.
The network-assisted autonomous D2D communication mode needs to use cognitive radio technology, fully utilizes the characteristics of dispersion of D2D users, and enables D2D users to autonomously perceive the surrounding environment and obtain corresponding interference information, link state information and some related information of the cellular network to which the users belong. The D2D user is used as the control subject of communication independently, namely, the problems of overhead, spectrum efficiency and the like caused by centralized control of the base station can be avoided without violating the characteristics of D2D communication.
The two control schemes can complement each other. Different D2D control schemes are used for D2D communication for different scenarios. When the D2D communication scheme centrally controlled by the network is used, the scheme is used to facilitate management coordination for network globalization. When the traffic volume of a cellular network cell where the D2D communication is located is large and the number of links for the D2D communication is large, an autonomous D2D communication control scheme assisted by a network can be used, so that the utilization rate of the pico-cell of the system can be improved, and the resource sharing among the systems is more flexible.
D2D communication enables direct communication between users, which cannot be reached by a single pick if the distance between two users is too far or the communication environment is poor. One solution is to switch the user from the D2D communication mode to the cellular mode and forward the information through the base station, but this method will cause a certain burden to the base station, which goes against the original purpose of D2D communication, and when the load of the base station is large, the communication may be interrupted. Another solution is to forward information using the D2D user as a relay node. When a terminal in the network is used as a relay node and is responsible for forwarding information, a proper routing protocol is needed to ensure the communication quality of the network.
The routing process is to realize end-to-end communication between two devices by using a protocol/algorithm, and the intelligent routing algorithms proposed at the present stage can meet the requirements to a certain extent, and the algorithms comprise a layering algorithm (a tree-based algorithm and a cluster-based algorithm), a background perception algorithm and a biological heuristic algorithm (an ant colony oil painting algorithm). Wherein a cluster-based hierarchical algorithm refers to dividing a device into clusters in a hierarchical manner. Devices have different roles in their own hierarchy. The highest ranked device is called the head cluster and is responsible for transmitting traffic from one cluster to another.
The D2D algorithm based on network coding proposed at the present stage utilizes the network coding method to transmit in the multi-hop D2D communication, and considers the maximized network coding probability to perform routing selection. Compared with the traditional multi-hop D2D communication routing scheme, the method improves the overall performance of the network by improving the performance of each relay node transmission link, shortens the transmission time and improves the network throughput.
The proposed D2D routing algorithm based on power control mainly considers the interference problem in the network, fully utilizes the interference relationship and the signal-to-noise ratio threshold in the network, and controls the transmission power of users to ensure the communication quality of macro users and D2D users in the cellular network.
In addition, a D2D routing algorithm based on social information is provided at the present stage, resource requirements and future behaviors of users are predicted by counting historical information data of the users, and the routing selection is performed by fully considering the sociality of the users mainly aiming at D2D communication under the mobile ad hoc network, so that the communication quality under the mobile ad hoc network can be improved to a great extent.
In the current research, a plurality of intelligent D2D routing protocol schemes have been proposed, but because D2D communication is different from general communication, and most devices are mobile terminals or internet of things terminals, the multi-hop performance of the D2D communication network may be limited by the remaining power of the devices, and in addition, due to the complexity of the wireless environment, the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where the terminal devices are located is greatly different. The amount of the remaining power of the terminal will affect the standby time, the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment, and the data transmission rate. These factors all affect the routing selection of multi-hop D2D communication, but the existing routing protocol does not take the remaining power of the terminal and the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment into comprehensive consideration to design the routing protocol. Therefore, for the above reasons, a terminal through (D2D) routing scheme based on the terminal remaining capacity and the signal-to-noise ratio is proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the terminal direct-through (D2D) routing scheme based on the terminal residual capacity and the signal-to-noise ratio, the system standby time can be prolonged, and the system throughput rate can be maximized.
The invention comprises the following steps: step 1, when two nodes need to communicate, calculating the weighted sum of the residual electric quantity of each path and the weighted sum of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where each path is located between the two nodes;
step 2, calculating the characteristic value of each path, and selecting the path with the maximum characteristic value as a routing path between two nodes;
and 3, after the time T, calculating the characteristic value of each path again, and selecting the path with the maximum characteristic value as a routing path between two nodes. (in the mobile network, the relevant parameters of the terminal, namely the residual power and the interference situation (signal-to-noise ratio) of the environment, all change in real time, so that the selected path is not constant, and therefore, the characteristic values of each path need to be calculated at intervals so as to perform path selection updating and select the optimal path).
The step 1 comprises the following steps:
assuming that m paths exist between the node s and the node d, one path is a, and x nodes are located on the path a, which are a1, a2, … and ax respectively, wherein ax represents the xth node, the remaining capacity weighted sum EN of the path a is calculated by the following formulaa：
ENa＝Ra1*ENa1+Ra2*ENa2+…+RaxENax，(1)
Wherein R isaxRepresents the residual capacity weighting coefficient, EN, corresponding to the node axaxRepresenting the residual capacity corresponding to the node ax;
calculating the weighted sum SN of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where the path a is located by the following formulaa：
SNa＝Ea1*SNa1+Ea2*SNa2+…+Eax*SNax，(2)
Wherein E isaxRepresenting the SNR weighting factor, SN, of the environment in which node ax is locatedaxAnd representing the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where the node ax is located, and respectively calculating the weighted sum of the residual electric quantity of the m paths and the weighted sum of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where each path is located through formulas (1) and (2).
In step 1, if the residual electric quantity of a node on a path is more than or equal to 50%, the value of the residual electric quantity weighting coefficient corresponding to the node is 1;
and if the residual capacity of one node on one path is less than 50%, the value of the residual capacity weighting coefficient corresponding to the node is 0.5.
If the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where a node is located on a path is greater than or equal to-3 dB, the weighting coefficient E of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where the node is located takes the value of 1;
and if the environmental signal-to-noise ratio of one node on one path is less than-3 dB, the environmental signal-to-noise ratio weighting coefficient E corresponding to the node is 0.5.
The step 2 comprises the following steps:
calculating the characteristic value P of the path a by the following formulaa：
Pa＝(ENa*Ra+SNa*Ea)/x，(3)
Wherein R isaRepresents the remaining power weighting coefficient corresponding to the path a, EaAnd representing the signal-to-noise ratio weighting coefficient of the environment where the path a is located, calculating the characteristic value of each path according to a formula (3), and selecting the path with the maximum characteristic value as a routing path between the nodes s and d.
And (3) regarding the value of the time T in the step (3), relevant operators can set the value according to different network environments, and the suggested value range is 1-10 seconds. Under the scene that the terminal is relatively fixed or moves at a slow speed, the change of the network environment is small, and therefore the value range of T is recommended to be 5-10 seconds. And in a mobile scene, the network environment changes greatly, and the value range of T is recommended to be 1-5 seconds.
Drawings
The foregoing and other advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 illustrates a network topology.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a network topology of an operating enterprise.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Assume a network topology as shown in fig. 1, where there are m paths between nodes s and d, which are a, b, …, and m, respectively; the number of nodes on each path is x, y, …, z in order.
Wherein, the path a has x nodes, which are respectively a1, a2, … and ax, and the residual capacity of each node is ENa1、ENa2、…、ENaxRespectively, the signal-to-noise ratios of the environments are SNa1、SNa2、…、SNaxThe invention discloses a terminal direct D2D routing method in a 5G system, which comprises the following steps: step 1, when two nodes need to communicate, calculating the weighted sum of the residual electric quantity of each path and the weighted sum of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where each path is located between the two nodes;
step 2, calculating the characteristic value of each path, and selecting the path with the maximum characteristic value as a routing path between two nodes;
and 3, after the time T, calculating the characteristic value of each path again, and selecting the path with the maximum characteristic value as a routing path between two nodes.
The step 1 comprises the following steps:
calculating the remaining capacity weighted sum EN of the path a by the following formulaa：
ENa＝Ra1*ENa1+Ra2*ENa2+…+RaxENax，(1)
Wherein R isaxRepresents the residual capacity weighting coefficient, EN, corresponding to the node axaxRepresenting the residual capacity corresponding to the node ax;
calculating the weighted sum SN of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where the path a is located by the following formulaa：
SNa＝Ea1*SNa1+Ea2*SNa2+…+Eax*SNax，(2)
Wherein E isaxRepresenting the SNR weighting factor, SN, of the environment in which node ax is locatedaxAnd representing the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where the node ax is located, and respectively calculating the weighted sum of the residual electric quantity of the m paths and the weighted sum of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where each path is located through formulas (1) and (2).
In step 1, if the residual electric quantity of a node on a path is more than or equal to 50%, the value of the residual electric quantity weighting coefficient corresponding to the node is 1;
and if the residual capacity of one node on one path is less than 50%, the value of the residual capacity weighting coefficient corresponding to the node is 0.5.
If the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where a node is located on a path is greater than or equal to-3 dB, the weighting coefficient E of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where the node is located takes the value of 1;
and if the environmental signal-to-noise ratio of one node on one path is less than-3 dB, the environmental signal-to-noise ratio weighting coefficient E corresponding to the node is 0.5.
The step 2 comprises the following steps:
calculating the characteristic value P of the path a by the following formulaa：
Pa＝(ENa*Ra+SNa*Ea)/x，(3)
And (4) calculating according to a formula (3) to obtain the characteristic value of each path, and selecting the path with the maximum characteristic value as a routing path between the nodes s and d.
Examples
Assume that an operating enterprise network topology is as shown in fig. 2.
Three paths, namely a, b and c, are arranged between the nodes s and d, wherein three nodes, namely a1, a2 and a3, are arranged on the path a; two nodes are arranged on the path b, namely b1 and b 2; there are four nodes on path c, c1, c2, c3, c 4; and weighting coefficients R and E of EN and SN on each path respectively take a value of 1.
On the path a, the remaining electric energy EN of each node is 70%, 60%, 80%, respectively: the environmental signal-to-noise ratios SN of the nodes are respectively 3dB, 5dB and-4 dB, and the EN and SN weighting coefficients R of the nodesa1＝1、Ra2＝1、Ra3＝1、Ea1＝1、Ea2＝1、Ea3＝0.5。
Then: pa＝(R*ENa+E*SNa)/3＝(ENa+SNa)/3＝((Ra1*ENa1+Ra2*ENa2+Ra3*ENa3)+(Ea1*SNa1+Ea2*SNa2+Ea3*SNa3) ((70% + 60% + 80%) + (3+5+ (-4) × 0.5))/3, so that P is equal to PaAbout 2.7.
On the path b, the remaining electric quantity EN of each node is 70% and 90%, respectively: the environmental signal-to-noise ratios SN of the nodes are respectively 3dB and 2dB, and the EN and SN weighting coefficients R of the nodesb1＝1、Rb2＝1、Eb1＝1、Eb＝1。
Then: pb＝(R*ENb+E*SNb)/2＝(ENb+SNb)/2＝((Rb1*ENb1+Rb*ENb2)+(Eb1*SNb1+Eb2*SNb2) - ((70% + 90%) + (3+2))/2, so that P is presentbAbout 3.3.
On the path c, the remaining electric energy EN of each node is 40%, 60%, 80%, 90%, respectively: the environmental signal-to-noise ratios SN of the nodes are respectively 3dB, 2dB, -1dB and 4dB, and the EN and SN weighting coefficients R of the nodesc1＝0.5、Rc2＝1、Rc3＝1、Rc4＝1、Ec1＝1、Ec2＝1、Ec3＝1、Ec3＝1。
Then: pc＝(R*ENc+E*SNc)/4＝(ENc+SNc)/4＝((Rc1*ENc1+Rc2*ENc2+Rc3*ENc3+Rc4*ENc4)+(Ec1*SNc1+Ec2*SNc2+Ec3*SNc3+Ec4*SNc4) -/4 ═ ((0.5 x 40% + 60% + 80% + 90%) + (3+2-1+4))/4, so that P is presentcAbout 2.6.
Due to Pb>Pa>PcTherefore, the routing path between nodes s and d is selected as the b-path.
The present invention provides a method for selecting a terminal through D2D route in a 5G system, and a number of methods and ways for implementing the method are provided, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a number of improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (1)
1. A terminal direct D2D routing method in a 5G system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, when two nodes need to communicate, calculating the weighted sum of the residual electric quantity of each path and the weighted sum of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where each path is located between the two nodes;
step 2, calculating the characteristic value of each path, and selecting the path with the maximum characteristic value as a routing path between two nodes;
step 3, after the time T, calculating the characteristic value of each path again, and selecting the path with the maximum characteristic value as a routing path between two nodes;
the step 1 comprises the following steps:
assuming that m paths exist between the node s and the node d, one path is a, and x nodes are located on the path a, which are a1, a2, … and ax respectively, wherein ax represents the xth node, the remaining capacity weighted sum EN of the path a is calculated by the following formulaa：
ENa＝Ra1*ENa1+Ra2*ENa2+…+RaxENax， (1)
Wherein R isaxRepresents the residual capacity weighting coefficient, EN, corresponding to the node axaxRepresenting the residual capacity corresponding to the node ax;
calculating the weighted sum SN of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where the path a is located by the following formulaa：
SNa＝Ea1*SNa1+Ea2*SNa2+…+Eax*SNax， (2)
Wherein E isaxRepresenting the SNR weighting factor, SN, of the environment in which node ax is locatedaxRepresenting the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where the node ax is located, and respectively calculating the weighted sum of the residual electric quantity of the m paths and the weighted sum of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where each path is located through formulas (1) and (2);
in step 1, if the residual electric quantity of a node on a path is more than or equal to 50%, the value of the residual electric quantity weighting coefficient corresponding to the node is 1;
if the residual electric quantity of a node on a path is less than 50%, the value of the residual electric quantity weighting coefficient corresponding to the node is 0.5;
if the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where a node is located on a path is greater than or equal to-3 dB, the weighting coefficient E of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where the node is located takes the value of 1;
if the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where a node is located on a path is smaller than-3 dB, the weighting coefficient E of the signal-to-noise ratio of the environment where the node is located is 0.5;
the step 2 comprises the following steps:
calculating the characteristic value P of the path a by the following formulaa：
Pa＝(ENa*Ra+SNa*Ea)/x， (3)
Wherein R isaRepresents the remaining power weighting coefficient corresponding to the path a, EaAnd representing the signal-to-noise ratio weighting coefficient of the environment where the path a is located, calculating the characteristic value of each path according to a formula (3), and selecting the path with the maximum characteristic value as a routing path between the nodes s and d.
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