CN107698387B - Special modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer for peanuts and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer for peanuts and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107698387B CN107698387B CN201710882028.6A CN201710882028A CN107698387B CN 107698387 B CN107698387 B CN 107698387B CN 201710882028 A CN201710882028 A CN 201710882028A CN 107698387 B CN107698387 B CN 107698387B
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- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title abstract 4
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012747 synergistic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000273928 Zingiber officinale Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 abstract description 5
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 241000234314 Zingiber Species 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010020880 Hypertrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019025 Hypokalemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003715 nutritional status Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000007645 potassium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/20—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for preventing the fertilisers being reduced to powder; Anti-dusting additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: 10-20 parts of biomass material, 15-30 parts of urea, 20-35 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 15-25 parts of potash fertilizer, 1-8 parts of synergist and 5-10 parts of binder. According to the invention, various nutrient elements required by peanut growth are combined with biomass charcoal to form a charcoal-based fertilizer, so that an organic carbon warehouse of the black soil of the rhizoma zingiberis is increased, the fertilizer retaining capacity of the black soil of the rhizoma zingiberis is improved, meanwhile, nutrients in the fertilizer are slowly and permanently released, the whole growth period requirement of the peanuts is met by one-time fertilization, and the fertilizer has the advantages of yield increase, quality improvement, labor saving, time saving and fertilizer utilization rate improvement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste recycling and soil fertilizer, and particularly relates to a modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The peanut is one of main oil crops and cash crops in China, is also an important special export agricultural product, and the development of the peanut industry in China has important roles in increasing income of peasants, guaranteeing edible oil safety in China, improving physical quality of the nation and the like, and has important roles in the world peanut production. Since 2007, peanut production in China has been in a steadily increasing period, and the national planting area in 2016 is 7300 ten thousand mu. The yellow sea plain is the region with highest concentration degree of peanut production in China, and the sowing area of the yellow sea plain is about 50% of the sowing area of the peanuts in China. Because the climate conditions in the area are suitable for peanut production, the peanut unit production is also in the forefront of China.
The black soil of sand ginger in the peanut main production area of Huang-Huai-Hai plain is one of the three soil types with medium and low yield in the area, the total area of the whole country is 6000 ten thousand mu, and the black soil is mainly distributed in Anhui provinces, henan provinces, shandong provinces, jiangsu provinces and the like. The drought and waterlogging lean and stiff soil is a main reason for low yield of the black soil of the sand ginger, has poor soil structure, low organic matter content, rich phosphorus and nitrogen and potassium deficiency, and weak fertilizer retaining and supplying capability, and limits the high-yield and high-efficiency realization of peanuts.
The use of the chemical hypertrophy in China improves the agricultural production and simultaneously produces serious negative effects on the environmentAffects and threatens the sustainable development of agriculture. The same problem exists in peanut fertilization, and farmers apply N-P 2 O5-K 2 The compound fertilizer with O of 15-15-15 and large amount of urea are applied, and the supply of medium and trace elements is lacking. The peanut has the capability of fixing nitrogen, can reduce the supply of nitrogen fertilizer, and researches show that the phosphorus fertilizer can promote the absorption of nitrogen by the peanut, and the trace elements in calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc and the like have important significance for the yield increase and quality improvement of the peanut. And the fertilizer supply characteristics of the sand ginger black soil are not matched with the fertilizer requirement rules of peanuts, so that the peanut yield is reduced, the soil is hardened, and the nutrient loss wastes the environment.
In order to solve the problems, development of a special fertilizer for peanuts, which is beneficial to improving peanut yield, quality and fertilizer utilization rate, improving soil production by fertilization and protecting environment, aiming at the nutrient status, physicochemical shape and fertilizer supply characteristics of black soil of rhizoma zingiberis, is urgently needed.
About 10 parts per million of agriculture and forestry waste (biomass) is produced in China every year, and if the waste can not be effectively developed and utilized, the waste of resources and environmental pollution are caused. The reasonable utilization of organic fertilizer resources and the replacement of partial fertilizers are one of important technical approaches for realizing the zero yield increase of Chinese fertilizers, and are also effective approaches for soil fertility. The agricultural and forestry waste is carbonized and pyrolyzed under anoxic or anaerobic conditions to obtain a highly aromatic substance which becomes biomass charcoal, and the biomass charcoal has high stability and strong adsorption characteristics, so that the biomass charcoal is applied to soil to increase organic matters, improve fertility, resist degradation and improve the sealing time of carbon in the soil. A large number of researches show that the biomass charcoal has the characteristics of more surface active functional groups, stronger hydrophilicity, larger specific surface area, porosity and the like, so that the biomass charcoal can effectively adsorb fertilizer nutrients, and has excellent water and fertilizer retention performance.
The improved sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer combining the agricultural and forestry waste carbon powder and the fertilizer realizes the matching of soil fertilizer supply characteristics and peanut nutrient demand rules, can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce the cost, reduce the pollution of the fertilizer to the environment, improve the quality of peanut products and explore a circular economy mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide an improved sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts, which aims at the nutrient absorption rule of peanuts on the black soil of sand ginger, and can recycle agricultural and forestry waste resources, fertilize sand Jiang Heitu, reduce fertilizer loss, improve utilization rate and increase peanut yield and quality; the second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts, which is simple and convenient for industrial production.
In order to achieve the object of the invention, the invention is implemented by the following scheme:
the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts and the preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of biomass material, 15-30 parts of urea, 20-35 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 15-25 parts of potash fertilizer, 1-8 parts of synergist and 5-10 parts of binder.
The modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Crushing the dried biomass material, pyrolyzing the crushed biomass material for 0.5 to 8 hours under the conditions of oxygen deficiency and 250 to 500 ℃ to form granular biomass charcoal, and cooling the granular biomass charcoal for later use;
(2) Putting the biomass charcoal particles, urea, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer obtained in the step (1) into a stirrer for uniform stirring, then conveying to a melting tank, and heating to a melting state at a set temperature of 140-170 ℃ for later use;
(3) Adding the synergist and the binder into a stirrer to be stirred uniformly, and then adding the synergist and the binder into the melting tank in the step (2), and stirring the mixture into slurry by the stirrer for later use;
(4) Delivering the slurry obtained in the step (3) into a granulator for granulation, setting the rotating speed of the granulator to be 25-30rpm, cooling and solidifying the slurry in air to obtain particles with the particle size of 2.8-4.5mm, and enabling the particle size to be more than 95% through a belt conveyor, a cooler and a vibrating screen to obtain modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based special fertilizer particles for peanuts for later use;
(5) And (3) conveying the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer particles obtained in the step (4) into a wrapping machine, spraying an oily anti-caking agent, and setting the rotating speed of the wrapping machine to be 15-20rpm to obtain the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts.
The biomass material is one or more of peanut shells, peanut straws, wheat shells, rice straws, rice hulls, corn stalks, corncobs, bean shells, bean stalks and branches trimmed by fruit trees.
The phosphate fertilizer is prepared from calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and one or two of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate in different weight proportions.
The potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate and/or potassium chloride.
The synergistic agent is zinc humate and manganese humate generated by mixing humic acid with zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate.
The binder is one or more of bentonite, attapulgite and plant starch.
The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer contains P in parts by weight 2 O 5 12-20 parts of CaO, 25-40 parts of MgO, 8-20 parts of SiO 2 20-35 parts.
The content of P, K of the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is respectively P 2 O 5 And K2O meter, N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 The weight portion ratio of O is (14-16): (18-21): (9-11), and N+P 2 O 5 +K2O≥40％。
The mass ratio of humic acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate of the synergistic agent participating in the reaction is 4:1:1.
According to the invention, the improved sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts is produced and developed according to the soil fertilizer supply characteristics and the crop nutrient requirement law balance principle, contains a large amount of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium necessary for peanut growth, reduces the proportion of fertilizer nitrogen according to the nitrogen fixation characteristics of the peanuts, increases the proportion of fertilizer phosphorus according to the characteristics of low effective phosphorus content of soil and the phosphorus demand of the peanuts, and simultaneously, scientifically adds medium trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc and manganese, and the like, and the formula can enhance photosynthesis and disease and pest resistance of the peanuts through field experiments for many years, improves the yield and quality of the peanuts, and combines agriculture and forestry wastes with various nutrients of the fertilizer to form a carbon-based fertilizer, increases an organic carbon reservoir of the black soil of the sand ginger, simultaneously slowly and durably releases the nutrients in the fertilizer, improves the black soil fertilizer protection capability of the sand ginger, and meets the requirement of the middle and later period of peanut growth for the nutrients; the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts can meet the nutrient requirement of the peanuts in the whole growth period by being applied as a base fertilizer at one time, and has the advantages of saving labor and time and improving the fertilizer utilization rate.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts and the preparation method thereof are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10kg of dried peanut shells and peanut straws, 26kg of urea, 6kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 22kg of monoammonium phosphate, 18kg of potassium sulfate, 2kg of humic acid, 0.5kg of zinc sulfate, 0.5kg of manganese sulfate, 4kg of bentonite, 1kg of attapulgite and 0.5kg of plant starch.
The modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Crushing the dried peanut shells and peanut straws, pyrolyzing the crushed peanut shells and peanut straws for 3 to 4 hours at the temperature of 350 to 400 ℃ under the condition of oxygen deficiency to form granular biomass charcoal, and cooling the granular biomass charcoal;
(2) Putting the biomass charcoal particles, urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate obtained in the step (1) into a stirrer for stirring, then conveying the mixture to a melting tank for heating to a molten state, and setting the temperature to be 140-170 ℃ for heating to the molten state;
(3) Mixing humic acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate to react to obtain a synergistic agent, mixing bentonite, attapulgite and plant starch to obtain a binder, putting the synergistic agent and the binder into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred, putting the mixture into the melting tank in the step (2), and stirring the mixture into slurry by the stirrer;
(4) Delivering the slurry obtained in the step (3) into a granulator for granulation, wherein the rotating speed of the granulator is 30rpm, cooling and solidifying the slurry in air to obtain particles with the particle size of 3.5-4.5mm, and enabling the particle size to be more than 95% through a belt conveyor, a cooler and a vibrating screen to obtain modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based special fertilizer particles for peanuts;
(5) And (3) delivering the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer particles obtained in the step (4) into a wrapping machine, and spraying an oily anti-caking agent, wherein the rotating speed of the wrapping machine is 20rpm, so as to obtain the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts.
The fertilizer raw materials for preparing the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based special peanut fertilizer are all commercially available, wherein the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer P 2 O 5 18% CaO, 36% MgO, 10.8% SiO 2 The content of (2) was 34%.
The improved sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer is demonstrated by a comparative test of applying the improved sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer and peasant habit fertilization for years by selecting Luhua No. 8 from 2011 to 2016 in the peanut field in the county of solid and town in Anhui province. The soil of the test land belongs to ginger black soil, 3 lands respectively positioned at different positions of the peanut field are selected for positioning test, and the area of the district is 40m 2 And (3) repeating the steps of mechanically preparing soil, fertilizing, ridging, sowing and laminating in the last ten days of 4 months and the middle ten days of each year, wherein the row spacing of the peanuts is 40cm multiplied by 20cm, and harvesting in the last ten days of 8 months to 9 months of each year.
A comparison test of applying modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer and peasant habit fertilization adopts a one-time fertilization method, 50kg of modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer is applied to each mu of modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer treatment, and N-P is applied to each mu of peasant habit fertilization treatment 2 O 5 50kg of conventional fertilizer with K2O of 15-15-15 and 10kg of urea.
The effect of the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer for peanuts in this example on peanut yield is shown in Table 1 below:
influence of farmer habit and improvement of sand Jiang Heitu carbon special peanut fertilizer treatment on peanut yield
As can be seen from table 1, for peanut variety ruhua No. 8, sand Jiang Heitu in the peanut farm in the county of the solid town of the Anhui is treated by respectively applying peasant habit fertilization and the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer developed in the embodiment from 2014 to 2016, compared with peasant habit fertilization, the peanut yield can be increased by 6.2% -23.7% by applying the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer, the average yield is increased by 13.0%, and the yield effect is remarkable.
TABLE 2 influence of farmer habit and modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon fertilizer treatment for peanuts on economic benefits of peanuts
Note that: 5 yuan/kg peanut pod, 2400 yuan/t modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer, 2000 yuan/t urea, compound fertilizer (N-P) 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 15-15-15) 2400 yuan/t
As can be seen from Table 2, aiming at the peanut variety Luhua No. 8 and sand Jiang Heitu of peanut fields in the Zhenzhen county of Anhui, 3 plots of 3 years in succession from 2014 to 2016 are respectively fertilized by peasant habit fertilization and the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer developed by the embodiment, compared with peasant habit fertilization, the economic benefit is increased by 8.0-27.3%, the average increase is 15.4%, and the value-added effect is remarkable by applying the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer.
TABLE 2 influence of farmer habit and modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut fertilizer treatment on peanut nitrogen bias productivity
As can be seen from Table 3, aiming at peanut variety Luhua No. 8, sand Jiang Heitu in peanut field in the Zhenzheng county of Anhui is treated by respectively adopting peasant habit fertilization and modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer developed in the embodiment for 3 plots from 2014 to 2016, compared with peasant habit fertilization, the productivity of applying peanut nitrogen fertilizer bias is increased by 71.3-99.6%, the average productivity is increased by 82.5%, and the fertilizer efficiency is greatly improved by applying modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer.
TABLE 4 influence of farmer habit and improved treatment of sand Jiang Heitu charcoal-based fertilizer for peanut on physicochemical properties of black soil of rhizoma Zingiberis recens
After the peanuts of month 9 of 2016 are harvested, the peasant habits of peasant county and town county in peasant province and the physicochemical properties of the soil of 0cm to 15cm treated by the special fertilizer for the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanuts are measured, and compared with the conventional treatment of peasant, the pH value, organic matters, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and the content of available phosphorus of the soil treated by the special fertilizer for the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanuts are respectively increased by 4.2 percent, 1.0 percent, 2.9 percent, 5.1 percent, 0.8 percent and 5.2 percent on average, so that the soil fertility of the black soil of the ginger can be improved by applying the special fertilizer for the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanuts.
According to the invention, the improved sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts provides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macroelements required by peanut growth according to the fertilizer supply characteristics of the black soil of the sand ginger and the fertilizer requirement rule of the peanuts, simultaneously scientifically provides medium and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc and manganese, and can be combined with biomass carbon to form a carbon-based compound fertilizer, so that the nutrient elements can be released in a coordinated and durable manner, the growth requirements of the peanuts in the full-period of fertility of the black soil of the sand ginger can be met, and meanwhile, the fertility of the black soil of the sand ginger can be improved. The improved sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts can obviously improve peanut yield, economic benefit and fertilizer utilization rate, and has the advantages of labor saving, time saving, low cost, environment friendliness and the like.
Claims (1)
1. The modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10kg of dried peanut shells and peanut straws, 26kg of urea, 6kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 22kg of monoammonium phosphate, 18kg of potassium sulfate, 2kg of humic acid, 0.5kg of zinc sulfate, 0.5kg of manganese sulfate, 4kg of bentonite, 1kg of attapulgite and 0.5kg of plant starch;
the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Crushing the dried peanut shells and peanut straws, pyrolyzing the crushed peanut shells and peanut straws for 3 to 4 hours at the temperature of 350 to 400 ℃ under the condition of oxygen deficiency to form granular biomass charcoal, and cooling the granular biomass charcoal;
(2) Putting the biomass charcoal particles, urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate obtained in the step (1) into a stirrer for stirring, then conveying the mixture to a melting tank for heating to a molten state, and setting the temperature to be 140-170 ℃ for heating to the molten state;
(3) Mixing humic acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate to react to obtain a synergistic agent, mixing bentonite, attapulgite and plant starch to obtain a binder, putting the synergistic agent and the binder into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred, putting the mixture into the melting tank in the step (2), and stirring the mixture into slurry by the stirrer;
(4) Delivering the slurry obtained in the step (3) into a granulator for granulation, wherein the rotating speed of the granulator is 30rpm, cooling and solidifying the slurry in air to obtain particles with the particle size of 3.5-4.5mm, and enabling the particle size to be more than 95% through a belt conveyor, a cooler and a vibrating screen to obtain modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based special fertilizer particles for peanuts;
(5) Delivering the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer particles obtained in the step (4) into a wrapping machine, and spraying an oily anti-caking agent, wherein the rotating speed of the wrapping machine is 20rpm, so as to obtain the modified sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based fertilizer special for peanuts;
wherein in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, P 2 O 5 18% CaO, 36% MgO, 10.8% SiO 2 The content of (2) is 34%;
the improved sand Jiang Heitu carbon-based peanut special fertilizer is suitable for ginger black soil in the peanut field in the Zhenzhi county of Anhui.
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| JP2003336065A (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-28 | Yoshizawa Lime Industry | Soil improving material for agriculture and culture medium for agriculture and gardening using the same |
| CN105315084A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-10 | 安徽帝元生物科技有限公司 | Synergistic environment-friendly fertilizer aid and fertilizer |
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| JP2003336065A (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-28 | Yoshizawa Lime Industry | Soil improving material for agriculture and culture medium for agriculture and gardening using the same |
| CN105315084A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-10 | 安徽帝元生物科技有限公司 | Synergistic environment-friendly fertilizer aid and fertilizer |
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| 陈三斌主编.肥料结块防止剂.《农用化工产品手册》.金盾出版社,2008,(第1版),第111页. * |
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