CN107684983B - Rotary vane type multi-stage microbubble screening device - Google Patents

Rotary vane type multi-stage microbubble screening device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107684983B
CN107684983B CN201710539509.7A CN201710539509A CN107684983B CN 107684983 B CN107684983 B CN 107684983B CN 201710539509 A CN201710539509 A CN 201710539509A CN 107684983 B CN107684983 B CN 107684983B
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cavity
impeller
bubble separation
gas
separation cavity
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CN107684983A (en
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尹俊连
钱雅兰
马燕飞
宋煜晨
王德忠
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04CAPPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/24Multiple arrangement thereof
    • B04C5/26Multiple arrangement thereof for series flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D19/00Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0042Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow
    • B01D19/0052Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow in rotating vessels, vessels containing movable parts or in which centrifugal movement is caused
    • B01D19/0057Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow in rotating vessels, vessels containing movable parts or in which centrifugal movement is caused the centrifugal movement being caused by a vortex, e.g. using a cyclone, or by a tangential inlet
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04CAPPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/08Vortex chamber constructions
    • B04C5/103Bodies or members, e.g. bulkheads, guides, in the vortex chamber

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a rotary vane type multi-stage micro-bubble screening device which comprises a cylindrical gas-liquid mixing cavity, a primary bubble separation cavity, a secondary bubble separation cavity, a tertiary bubble separation cavity and a single-phase liquid cavity which are sequentially arranged along the flowing direction of a fluid, a muddy impeller is respectively arranged between the cylindrical gas-liquid mixing cavity and the primary bubble separation cavity, between the primary bubble separation cavity and the secondary bubble separation cavity, between the secondary bubble separation cavity and the tertiary bubble separation cavity, and between the tertiary bubble separation cavity and the single-phase liquid cavity, a recovery impeller is arranged, axial gas outlet middle holes are respectively arranged on the muddy impeller and the recovery impeller, each axial gas outlet middle hole is provided with a gas outlet, and the gas outlets are connected with corresponding gas outlet branch pipes, the cylindrical gas-liquid mixing cavity and the single-phase liquid cavity are respectively provided with pressure sensor detection holes of a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and used for measuring the pressure of the fluid inlet and the pressure of the fluid outlet of the micro-bubble screening device. The invention has the advantages of economy and high efficiency and can meet the requirement of on-line degassing of the molten salt reactor.

Description

Rotary vane type multi-stage microbubble screening device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multistage gas-liquid separation, in particular to a rotary vane type multistage microbubble screening device.
Background
The thorium-based molten salt reactor is one of six candidate reactor types of a fourth-generation reactor nuclear energy system due to the advantages of good safety, long-term nuclear fuel supply, minimized nuclear waste, high capacity, physical nuclear diffusion prevention and the like. The energy generated by the thorium fuel with the same quality is 250 times of 200-fold uranium fuel, the storage amount of the thorium resource in the crust is 3 times of that of the uranium resource, particularly in China, the thorium resource is second in the world, the storage amount is about 6 times of that of the uranium resource, and the thorium-based molten salt reactor has wide development prospect in China.
The molten salt reactor can continuously generate radioactive fission gases such as krypton, xenon and the like in the operation process, and the fission gases have larger neutron absorption cross sections and are called neutron poisons; the neutron is a necessary condition that the thorium-based molten salt reactor can be self-sustained, and meanwhile, neutron poisons exist in the molten salt in a microbubble mode, bubbles are continuously increased and accumulated along with the operation of the reactor, and if the neutron poisons are not removed in time, the heat transfer characteristic of the reactor can be seriously influenced. In order to improve the utilization rate of thermal neutrons and the stability of a reactor and ensure the stable and efficient operation of the reactor, fission gases such as krypton, xenon and the like must be removed on line in the operation process of the molten salt reactor.
Fission gas generated in the operation of a molten salt reactor exists in fluorine salt in the form of bubbles, and at present, the method mainly adopts a cyclone separation technology, and particularly relates to an axial-flow rotary vane type separator. The main working principle of the gas-liquid separator is that gas-liquid mixed phase flows through a fixed stirring impeller to form rotating flow, discrete bubbles move to the center of a rotational flow cavity to form a gas core, gas is separated from the air outlet holes of the left and right impellers, and single-phase flow returns to a circulation loop through a recovery impeller. In the practical application process, tiny bubbles are continuously used as carrier gas in a loop at the outlet of the molten salt reactor fuel circulating pump to form bubble flow, and as the solubility of radioactive gas in molten salt is low, the radioactive gas is more easily dissolved in the carrier gas bubbles after contacting with the bubbles, and then the carrier gas bubbles containing fission gas are separated from the molten salt through a separator and enter a tail gas treatment system, so that the aim of effectively removing the fission gas is fulfilled. The separator with the structure has the characteristics of high stability, wide working range, low energy loss and the like, and can meet the requirements of online degassing and safety of the molten salt reactor.
The carrier gas bubbles used for fission gas separation in molten salt reactors are typically 0.3 to 0.5% gas content, with a size distribution of 0.1 to 1mm diameter bubbles, depending on physical mass transfer efficiency requirements. In the gas-liquid separation process, bubbles converge towards the center of the separator while moving axially along with the main fluid, and the smaller the diameter of the bubbles is, the smaller the radial movement speed is, the longer the axial movement distance is, namely, the small bubbles need a longer vortex chamber than the large bubbles for separation. However, the existing separation technology cannot perform multi-stage separation on bubbles with different sizes, and cannot obtain the separation efficiency of bubbles with different sizes and the optimal bubble size or bubble size distribution for separating fission gas, so that it is necessary to invent a multi-stage microbubble screening device with both economy and high efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the rotary vane type multi-stage microbubble screening device which has economical efficiency and high efficiency and can meet the online degassing requirement of the molten salt reactor, can realize the high-efficiency screening of microbubbles with different diameters, can obtain the separation efficiency of bubbles with different sizes and the optimal bubble size or bubble size distribution of separated fission gas, and is suitable for wide gas content, fluid medium and liquid flow.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The utility model provides a multistage microbubble screening plant of rotary vane formula, includes cylinder gas-liquid mixing chamber, one-level bubble separation chamber, second grade bubble separation chamber, tertiary bubble separation chamber, single-phase liquid chamber, three muddy impeller of stirring, one resume impeller and corresponding branch pipe and two pressure sensor detection holes of giving vent to anger.
The cylindrical gas-liquid mixing cavity, the primary bubble separation cavity, the secondary bubble separation cavity, the tertiary bubble separation cavity and the single-phase liquid cavity are sequentially arranged along the flowing direction of the fluid;
the device comprises a cylindrical gas-liquid mixing cavity, a primary bubble separation cavity, a secondary bubble separation cavity, a primary bubble separation impeller, a secondary bubble separation impeller, a tertiary bubble separation impeller and a muddy impeller, wherein the muddy impeller is arranged between the primary bubble separation cavity and the secondary bubble separation impeller. The whole section of the cylindrical cavity is divided into separating cavities with different lengths by the stirring impeller and used for screening and separating micro-bubbles with different diameters.
The stirring impeller comprises stirring blades and stirring impeller hubs, and each stirring impeller hub is provided with an axial air outlet central hole;
a recovery impeller is arranged between the three-stage bubble separation cavity and the single-phase liquid cavity;
the recovery impeller comprises recovery blades and a recovery impeller hub, and the recovery impeller hub is provided with an axial air outlet middle hole; the recovery impeller at the tail end aims at eliminating the rotation of the flow, reducing the flow loss and lowering the running cost of the equipment.
The three stirring impellers and one restoring impeller are respectively provided with a corresponding air outlet branch pipe connected with an air outlet hole and used for discharging separated air bubbles;
the cylindrical gas-liquid mixing cavity and the single-phase liquid cavity are respectively provided with a pressure sensor detection hole of a fluid inlet and a pressure sensor detection hole of a fluid outlet.
The lengths of the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage bubble separation cavities can be determined according to the fluid medium, the flow, the gas content and the diameter of the micro-bubbles to be separated. The separation chambers with different lengths can be used for respectively separating bubbles with different sizes; the separation chambers with different stages can be used for appointing to separate micro-bubbles with certain or various diameters by adjusting the closure of the air outlet branch pipe of the corresponding upstream stirring impeller.
Inlet angles at the hub and the rim of the stirring blade are set to enable a gas-liquid mixed phase to flow into the separation cavity through the stirring impeller along the direction parallel to the central axis of the cylindrical cavity as much as possible; the exit angle at the hub and at the rim of the mixing blade determines the geometric swirl number. The impeller can ensure the fluid to flow in a vortex manner, so that the bubbles move centripetally to form an air core.
And the setting of the outlet setting angle of the blade is recovered to correct the influence of single-phase liquid flow slippage.
The number of the stirring blades and the restoring blades, the axial length of the stirring blades and the restoring blades, and the length-diameter ratio of the stirring impeller and the restoring blades can be selected according to actual working conditions.
The central axes of the stirring impeller and the restoring impeller are superposed with the central axis of the cylindrical cavity; the inner diameter of the axial air outlet middle hole of the restored impeller hub is larger than that of the axial air outlet middle hole of the muddy impeller hub.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can realize multi-stage separation of bubbles with different sizes, and can appoint to separate micro bubbles with certain or various sizes by adjusting the closing of the corresponding air outlet branch pipes of the upstream stirring impellers of the separation cavities with different stages;
2. the invention can realize the separation efficiency of respectively obtaining bubbles with different sizes, and further obtain the optimal bubble size or bubble size distribution of the separated fission gas.
3. The multi-stage muddy impeller can also keep the strength and stability of the rotational flow and increase the separation efficiency of the bubbles; the hub of the stirring impeller adopts a streamline design, thereby reducing the turbulence degree and energy loss of fluid and further improving the separation efficiency of bubbles.
4. The recovery impeller ensures that the circulation volume of the fluid infinitesimal is close to zero as much as possible under the condition of ensuring the minimum flow loss, the liquid inlet of the recovery impeller has the characteristic of zero attack angle, and the outlet circulation volume is close to zero as much as possible; the restoring impeller hub adopts a streamline design, converts partial dynamic pressure head of fluid into static pressure head, eliminates flow rotation and reduces energy loss of equipment.
5. The device is suitable for wide gas content, fluid medium and liquid flow; the device has the characteristics of simple structure, high reliability, good economy and high separation efficiency.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotary vane type multi-stage micro-bubble screening device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a rotary vane type multi-stage micro-bubble sieving device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the stirring impeller and the gas outlet branch pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the blades and hub of the paddle impeller of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the recovery impeller and the outlet manifold according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the blade and hub of the recovery impeller of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the rotary vane type multi-stage micro-bubble screening device provided by the present invention includes a cylindrical gas-liquid mixing chamber 1, a primary bubble separation chamber 2, a secondary bubble separation chamber 3, a tertiary bubble separation chamber 4, a single-phase liquid chamber 5, three muddy impellers, a recovery impeller, a corresponding gas outlet branch pipe, and two pressure sensor detection holes. Wherein, the three impeller that stirs is located cylinder gas-liquid mixing chamber 1 and one-level bubble separation chamber 2 respectively, one-level and second grade bubble separation chamber 2 and 3, second grade and tertiary bubble separation chamber 3 and 4 between. A recovery impeller is located between the tertiary bubble separation chamber 4 and the single phase liquid chamber 5. The central axes of the stirring impeller and the recovery impeller are superposed with the central axis of the cylindrical cavity. As shown in figure 3, the stirring impeller comprises stirring blades 6 and stirring impeller hubs 7, and each stirring impeller hub is provided with an axial air outlet central hole 8. As shown in fig. 5, the recovery impeller comprises recovery blades 13 and a recovery impeller hub 12, which is provided with an axial outlet central hole 11. As shown in figures 4 and 6, three stirring impellers and one restoring impeller are respectively provided with corresponding air outlet branch pipes 9 which are connected with air outlet holes 10 and used for discharging separated air bubbles. Two pressure sensor detection holes 14 are respectively arranged at two ends of the cylindrical gas-liquid mixing cavity 1 and the single-phase liquid cavity 5 and are used for measuring the pressure of a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet of the micro-bubble screening device.
As shown in figure 3, the stirring impeller consists of a stirring blade 6, a stirring impeller hub 7 and a hub axial air outlet middle hole 8. Preferably, the number of the paddle 6 is 5; the inlet angles at the hub and the rim of the blade 6 are both 0 degrees, namely, a gas-liquid mixed phase flows into the separation cavity through the stirring impeller along the direction parallel to the central axis of the cylindrical cavity; the outlet angles at the hub and the rim of the stirring blade 6 are respectively 35 degrees and 60 +/-0.3 degrees, and the geometric swirl number is 0.52; the axial length of the mixing blades 6 is 45mm, and is determined by the number of the blades, the outlet angle of the blades, the overlapping angle between adjacent blades and a directrix equation, wherein the directrix of the mixing blades 6 is in smooth transition so as to ensure that the turbulence degree is reduced while the fluid flows in a vortex manner.
As shown in FIG. 5, the recovery impeller is composed of recovery blades 13, a recovery impeller hub 12 and a hub axial air outlet middle hole 11, preferably, the number of the recovery blades 13 is 5, the liquid flow angle of the front end of an inlet at the hub of each recovery blade 13 is 27 degrees, the inlet placement angle at the hub is 20 degrees, a large flow attack angle at the inlet of the recovery impeller is avoided, the outlet placement angle of each recovery blade 13 is 5 degrees, the influence of single-phase liquid flow slip is corrected, large-area flow separation in a flow passage of the recovery impeller and large residual rotation of downstream flow are avoided, the length-diameter ratio L/D of each recovery blade 13 is required to be more than 1.2, and the axial length of each recovery blade is 60 mm.
As shown in fig. 4 and 6, the stirring impeller hub 7 is provided with a stirring impeller axial air outlet middle hole 8, the restoring impeller hub 12 is provided with a restoring impeller axial air outlet middle hole 11, and the inner diameter of the restoring impeller hub axial air outlet middle hole 11 is larger than that of the stirring impeller hub axial air outlet middle hole 8; the axial air outlet middle hole 8 of the stirring impeller hub and the axial air outlet middle hole 11 of the restoring impeller hub are respectively provided with an air outlet 10 which is connected with a corresponding air outlet branch pipe 9 and used for discharging separated air bubbles. Preferably, the stirring impeller hub 7 and the restoring impeller hub 12 have streamline transition structures, and can play roles in reducing inlet fluid disturbance, restoring outlet pressure and reducing pressure drop between an inlet and an outlet.
As a preferred embodiment, the outlet angle of the paddle-and-tumble impeller blade 6 can be designed according to the required rotational flow strength, and the inlet angle of the recovery impeller blade 13 can be designed according to the energy loss of the fluid; the inner diameters of the axial air outlet middle hole 8 of the stirring impeller hub and the axial air outlet middle hole 11 of the restoring impeller hub can be designed according to the air content and the diameter of micro bubbles to be separated, under the design working condition, the dispersed bubbles move centripetally to the center of the cavity to form an air core, and the air carries a small amount of main phase fluid to be separated from the air outlet middle hole of the impeller hub. Under the same working condition, the micro-bubble screening device consisting of the stirring impeller blades 6 with different outlet angles, the inner diameters of the axial air outlet middle holes 8 of the stirring impeller hub, the inner diameters of the axial air outlet middle holes 13 of the restoring impeller hub and the inner diameters of the axial air outlet middle holes 11 of the restoring impeller hub with different inlet angles is measured for separation efficiency and inlet and outlet pressure drop, and the optimal combination of the stirring impeller and the restoring impeller is obtained.
As a preferred embodiment, the cylindrical gas-liquid mixing cavity 1, the primary, secondary and tertiary bubble separation cavities 2, 3 and 4 and the single-phase liquid cavity 5 are made of stainless steel or hastelloy materials and can be suitable for corrosive or high-temperature fluid media; the cavity inner surface is required to be smooth enough to reduce the energy loss of the fluid; two ends of the cavity can be connected with the test loop in a flange or welding connection mode; the pressure sensors are respectively arranged at a certain distance from the two ends of the gas-liquid mixing cavity 1 and the single-phase liquid cavity 5, and each pressure sensor is provided with a pressure sensor detection hole of 1mm, is used for monitoring the pressure of the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, and is used for judging the working state and the pressure loss of the micro-bubble screening device.
In a preferred embodiment, the lengths of the primary, secondary and tertiary bubble separation chambers 2, 3 and 4 are determined according to the fluid medium and flow rate, the gas content and the diameter of the microbubbles to be separated. Under specific fluid medium, flow and gas content, bubbles converge towards the center of the cavity while moving axially along with the main fluid, the smaller the diameter of the bubbles is, the smaller the radial movement speed is, the longer the distance of the axial movement is, namely, the small bubbles need a longer vortex cavity for separation than the large bubbles. The lengths of the first-stage bubble separation cavity, the second-stage bubble separation cavity and the third-stage bubble separation cavity are sequentially increased, and the larger the number of stages is, the smaller the diameter of the separated bubbles is. Under the design condition, the first-stage separation cavity firstly separates the bubbles with large diameter, the unseparated bubbles enter the second-stage separation cavity, the second-stage separation cavity separates the bubbles with relatively large diameter, the unseparated bubbles still enter the third-stage separation cavity, and the third-stage separation cavity separates the bubbles with small diameter, so that the bubbles with different sizes can be separated in a multi-stage manner. In consideration of the safety of practical application, a recovery impeller is arranged behind the three-stage separation cavity, under the operating condition, the gas core penetrates through the gas outlet middle holes of the stirring impeller and the recovery impeller, the two gas outlet branch pipes work simultaneously, and all bubbles are separated as far as possible. Preferably, the number of separation chambers may be increased or decreased depending on the size and distribution of the blown-in carrier gas.
In a preferred embodiment, the separation chambers of different stages can be designed to separate microbubbles of one or more diameters by adjusting the closure of the outlet branch of their respective upstream whip impellers. The separation efficiency of bubbles with different sizes is obtained by measuring the gas content or liquid entrainment rate separated from different gas outlet branch pipes, namely, the higher the gas content or the lower the liquid entrainment rate is, the higher the separation efficiency of the bubbles with the sizes is, and the fission gas can be more effectively separated. Preferably, the carrier gas is bubbled with an optimal bubble size or size distribution according to the on-line fission gas removal and safety requirements of the molten salt reactor.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (5)

1. A rotary vane type multi-stage micro-bubble screening device is characterized by comprising a cylindrical gas-liquid mixing cavity, a first-stage bubble separation cavity, a second-stage bubble separation cavity, a third-stage bubble separation cavity and a single-phase liquid cavity which are sequentially arranged along the flowing direction of fluid, a muddy impeller is respectively arranged between the cylindrical gas-liquid mixing cavity and the primary bubble separation cavity, between the primary bubble separation cavity and the secondary bubble separation cavity, between the secondary bubble separation cavity and the tertiary bubble separation cavity, and between the tertiary bubble separation cavity and the single-phase liquid cavity, a recovery impeller is arranged, axial gas outlet middle holes are respectively arranged on the muddy impeller and the recovery impeller, each axial gas outlet middle hole is provided with a gas outlet, and the gas outlets are connected with corresponding gas outlet branch pipes, the cylindrical gas-liquid mixing cavity and the single-phase liquid cavity are respectively provided with pressure sensor detection holes of a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and used for measuring the pressure of the fluid inlet and the pressure of the fluid outlet of the micro-bubble screening device;
the stirring impeller comprises a stirring blade and a stirring impeller hub; inlet angles at the hub and the rim of the stirring blade are set to enable a gas-liquid mixed phase to flow into the separation cavity through the stirring impeller along the direction parallel to the central axis of the cylindrical gas-liquid mixing cavity; the outlet angles at the hub and the rim of the stirring blade determine the geometric rotational flow number;
the recovery impeller comprises recovery blades and a recovery impeller hub; the setting of the inlet front end liquid flow angle, the inlet mounting angle and the recovery blade outlet mounting angle at the recovery blade hub is used for correcting the influence of single-phase liquid flow slippage.
2. The rotary vane type multi-stage microbubble screening device of claim 1, wherein the lengths of the primary, secondary and tertiary bubble separation chambers are determined according to the fluid medium and the flow rate, the gas content and the diameter of the microbubbles to be separated, and the separation chambers with different lengths are respectively used for separating bubbles with different sizes.
3. The rotary vane type multi-stage microbubble screening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary, secondary and tertiary bubble separation chambers are designed to separate microbubbles of one or more diameters by adjusting the closing of the gas outlet branch of their respective upstream agitating impellers.
4. The rotary vane type multi-stage microbubble screening device according to claim 1, wherein the number of the agitating blades and the restoring blades, the axial lengths of the agitating blades and the restoring blades, and the length-diameter ratios of the agitating blades and the restoring blades are selected according to actual working conditions.
5. The rotary vane type multi-stage microbubble screening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central axes of the agitating impeller and the restoring impeller coincide with the central axis of the cylindrical gas-liquid mixing chamber; the inner diameter of the axial air outlet middle hole of the restoring impeller hub is larger than that of the axial air outlet middle hole of the stirring impeller hub.
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CN110075619B (en) * 2019-05-14 2023-03-21 哈尔滨工程大学 Wide-flow multi-flow high-efficiency gas-liquid separator
CN111346589B (en) * 2020-03-05 2021-08-06 上海交通大学 Micro-nano bubble gas-liquid reactor
CN111408488B (en) * 2020-04-02 2022-03-01 华东理工大学 Main and auxiliary cavity coupling type self-adaptive cyclone centrifugal degassing method and device
CN111974027B (en) * 2020-08-03 2022-03-18 哈尔滨工程大学 Pipeline type multistage oil-water separator utilizing angular momentum conservation

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