CN107679299B - Self-embedded two-dimensional cavity efficient milling tool path planning method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-embedded two-dimensional cavity efficient milling cutter path planning method, which comprises the steps of dividing a processing area according to a division rule, defining a generated central area as a new processing area, and dividing the new processing area again until a stop condition is reached; and setting the final corner area and the final central area to adopt a cutting and milling cutter path, adopting a modified offset cutter path in the final offset area, and combining processing technological parameters to form a milling cutter path aiming at the two-dimensional cavity. The self-embedded two-dimensional cavity efficient milling cutter path planning method adopts a cutter path planning design combining a slicing milling cutter path and a bias cutter path with modification, and improves the proportion of the bias cutter path with modification in the whole cutter path through the cutter path planning design of dividing a central area for multiple times through self-embedding. The invention ensures that the radial cutting force borne by the milling cutter in the milling process is effectively controlled, and improves the processing efficiency while ensuring the safety of the milling process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-embedded two-dimensional cavity efficient milling cutter path planning method.
Background
Two-dimensional cavities are a typical, common machining feature and are widely found in common machine parts. A two-dimensional cavity can be defined as a concave shape formed by a planar multiply connected region moving continuously along the normal to the plane towards the interior of the part as shown in figure 1.
Milling is a common cutting technique. Milling is the removal of material on and around the path of travel by the movement of a milling cutter to form the desired shape. The envelope formed by the planar movement of the milling cutter is a two-dimensional cavity. Therefore, the milling process for planning a two-dimensional cavity is equivalent to the path (hereinafter called tool path) of the milling cutter in a plane multi-connection area (hereinafter called area) for defining the two-dimensional cavity.
The cutter path is composed of a plurality of sections of curves which are connected end to end, and each section of curve can be connected by a path of 'lifting cutter-connecting-lowering cutter'. The basic purpose of tool path planning is to generate a tool path within the boundary of the region under the condition that the radius of a curvature circle of the boundary is larger than or equal to the radius of a milling cutter, so that the shape of a cavity can be completely realized after a tool moves along the tool path. In order to achieve this, the optimization goals of the tool path planning include shortening the machining time (improving efficiency), reducing the wear of the tool (improving the durability of the tool), and the like.
Milling cutters are subjected to cutting forces when removing work piece material. The cutting force can be decomposed into axial (i.e., Z-direction) and radial (i.e., X-Y direction) components. Wherein the radial force component has the greatest influence on the machining process and the tool. When the radial component force is too large, the phenomena of flutter of a processing system, cutter edge breakage or cutter breakage can be caused, and thus processing accidents are caused. Based on the principle of metal cutting (as shown in FIG. 2), when the axial back-bite quantity a is maintainedpAnd the rotational speed v of the main shaftcUnder the condition of no change, the cutting consumption parameter influencing the radial component force is the radial cutting-in quantity aeAnd a feed speed vf. Under normal processing conditions, even at a feed speed vfThe change of the tool path shape can cause the actual radial cutting amount aeResulting in a change in the radial force component. Therefore, in the case that the magnitude of the radial component force cannot be controlled manually, in order to prevent the radial component force from exceeding the safe range, a conservative smaller axial back-biting amount a is generally adoptedpAnd a feed speed vfThe processing efficiency is sacrificed to replace the safety of the processing process.
In other words, if the radial component force variation is controllable, the axial back-biting amount a can be increasedpAnd a feed speed vfThe cutting efficiency is improved. Two common types of tool paths currently used for this purpose are the slice mill path (as shown in fig. 3-4) and the offset path with modification (as shown in fig. 5).
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the slice milling cutter path may be implemented as a set of annular shaped cutter paths. The tool cuts on a continuous curve in the feed direction, such as a circular arc. The tool path opposite to the feeding direction is the returning process of the tool. The return process may be a single arc or a plurality of curves. The actual radial cutting depth can be controlled by adjusting the distance between two adjacent annular curves in the feeding direction, and the purpose of controlling the radial component force is achieved. The slicing and milling cutter path has the advantages that the envelope formed by the movement of the cutter does not contain residues, namely, uncut parts, and the disadvantage that the cutter does not participate in cutting in the returning process, so that the processing efficiency is reduced.
As shown in fig. 5, the offset tool path with modification is to modify the position where the radial force is increased on the basis of the original equidistant offset tool path, and the actual radial cutting depth is controlled by reducing the distance between two adjacent tool paths. The offset tool path with the modification has higher efficiency than the slicing and milling tool path because the cutter continuously cuts except for the return part of the modification tool path. Therefore, the cutting efficiency can be further improved by increasing the proportion of the offset cutter path with the modification in the whole cutter path.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a self-embedded type two-dimensional cavity efficient milling tool path planning method in order to overcome the defects of low processing efficiency and safety caused by the fact that radial component force is not effectively controlled when a tool path used in the prior art is used for milling a two-dimensional cavity.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a self-embedded two-dimensional cavity efficient milling tool path planning method, which comprises the following steps:
setting a dividing rule for dividing the processing area into an angle area, an offset area and a central area;
setting a stop condition for stopping dividing the machining area;
introducing a pre-designed shape of a two-dimensional cavity, and defining a two-dimensional projection plane of the two-dimensional cavity, which is perpendicular to the axis of the milling cutter, as the machining area;
dividing the processing area according to the dividing rule, and defining the generated central area as a new processing area;
checking whether the new machining area meets a stop condition for stopping dividing; if yes, stopping dividing; if not, the new machining area is divided again;
adding the multiple angular regions formed by multiple divisions to form a final angular region, adding the multiple offset regions formed by multiple divisions to form a final offset region, and setting the central region formed by the last division as a final central region;
setting the final corner area and the final central area to adopt a cutting milling cutter path, adopting a shape-modified offset cutter path in the final offset area, and combining processing technological parameters to form a milling cutter path aiming at the two-dimensional cavity;
and converting the milling tool path into a control command and inputting the control command into a numerical controller of the machine tool, wherein the numerical controller of the machine tool controls the milling cutter to mill the two-dimensional cavity.
Preferably, a dividing rule for dividing the machining region into the corner region, the offset region and the central region is set, and the dividing rule includes:
the corner area is an area enclosed by a curve formed by a part of continuous boundary of the processing area and an arc section internally tangent to the end point of the curve and concave towards the direction of the curve, the part of continuous boundary curve is not necessarily on a straight line, and an internally tangent circle internally tangent to the two end points of the curve exists;
the bias area is an area swept by a wave front when the shape obtained by removing the corner area from the processing area is taken as a boundary and the boundary is spread inwards for a certain distance in a wave front mode;
the central region is an inner region over which the wavefront forming the offset region fails to sweep.
Preferably, it is checked whether the new machining region satisfies a stop condition for stopping division; if yes, stopping dividing; if not, the new machining area is divided again; the method comprises the following steps:
the stop condition is a preset limit value of the minimum width of the machining area, and when the minimum width of the machining area reaches or is smaller than the preset limit value, the machining area stops dividing.
Preferably, the shape of a pre-designed two-dimensional cavity is automatically introduced, and a two-dimensional projection plane of the two-dimensional cavity perpendicular to the axis of the milling cutter is defined as the processing area, and then;
dividing the processing area according to the dividing rule, and defining the generated central area as a new processing area;
checking whether the automatic introduction of the shape of the two-dimensional cavity is successful, and if so, dividing the machining area in the next step; and if not, introducing the shape of the two-dimensional cavity in a man-machine interaction mode.
Preferably, a cutting milling cutter path is set in the final corner area and the final central area, a modified offset cutter path is set in the final offset area, and a milling cutter path for the two-dimensional cavity is formed by combining machining process parameters, wherein the machining process parameters comprise axial back draft, radial draft, feed speed and spindle rotation speed of the milling cutter.
Preferably, the method for converting the milling tool path into a control command and inputting the control command into a digital controller of the machine tool, wherein the digital controller of the machine tool controls a milling cutter to mill the two-dimensional cavity, and the method comprises the following steps:
and converting the milling tool path into a control instruction and inputting the control instruction into a numerical controller of the machine tool, converting the control instruction into a control quantity of the machine tool by the numerical controller of the machine tool, and controlling the milling cutter to mill the two-dimensional cavity according to the control quantity of the machine tool.
Preferably, a modified offset tool path is adopted in the final offset area, and the modified offset tool path comprises:
defining the edge of the final bias area as a boundary, and when the wave fronts of all sides of the boundary move towards the interior of the final bias area at a constant speed along the normal direction of the sides, the set of intersection points of the wave fronts and the wave fronts is called as a skeleton;
and after obtaining the skeleton of the final bias region, calculating the bias cutter path of the final bias region based on the skeleton.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
the self-embedded two-dimensional cavity efficient milling cutter path planning method adopts a cutter path planning design combining a slicing milling cutter path and a bias cutter path with modification, and improves the proportion of the bias cutter path in the whole cutter path through the cutter path planning design of dividing a central area for multiple times in a self-nested way. The invention ensures that the radial cutting force borne by the milling cutter in the milling process is effectively controlled, thereby improving the processing efficiency while ensuring the safety of the milling process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a two-dimensional cavity according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the metal cutting principle according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a cycloid cutter path in a slicing and milling cutter path according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a corner milling tool path in the slicing milling tool path according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an offset tool path with modification according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the division of the corner region, the offset region and the central region according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the processing region forming a skeleton by a wavefront according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the processing region skeleton shown in fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the self-embedding two-dimensional cavity efficient milling tool path planning method after one-time division.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the center area after being secondarily divided into regions based on fig. 9.
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of the self-embedding two-dimensional cavity efficient milling tool path planning method of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a tool path of a two-dimensional cavity machined by the self-embedding two-dimensional cavity efficient milling tool path planning method.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the measured radial force of the milling cutter during the two-dimensional cavity machining process.
Description of the reference numerals
Two-dimensional mold cavity 100
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a self-embedded two-dimensional cavity efficient milling tool path planning method, which comprises the following steps:
setting a dividing rule for dividing a processing area surrounded by the boundary 121 into the corner area 110, the offset area 120 and the central area 130;
setting a stop condition for stopping dividing the machining area;
introducing a pre-designed shape of a two-dimensional cavity 100, and defining a two-dimensional projection plane of the two-dimensional cavity 100 perpendicular to the axis of the milling cutter as a processing area surrounded by a boundary 121;
dividing the processing area according to a division rule, and defining the generated central area 130 as a new processing area;
checking whether the new machining area meets a stop condition for stopping dividing; if yes, stopping dividing; if not, the new processing area is divided again;
adding a plurality of angular regions 110 formed by a plurality of times of division to form a final angular region, adding a plurality of offset regions 120 formed by a plurality of times of division to form a final offset region, and setting a central region 130 formed by the last time of division as a final central region;
setting a final corner area and a final central area to adopt a slicing milling cutter path, adopting a bias cutter path with a modification in the final bias area, and forming a milling cutter path aiming at the two-dimensional cavity 100 by combining processing technological parameters;
the milling tool path is converted into a control command and input into a numerical controller of the machine tool, the numerical controller of the machine tool generates a control quantity, and a milling cutter 200 (shown in figure 2) of the machine tool is controlled to mill the two-dimensional cavity 100.
By dividing the central region 130 for multiple times, the area of the finally formed final offset region can be increased, that is, the area of the region milled by using the offset tool path with the modification is increased, so that the processing efficiency is further improved.
Wherein, the division rule is as follows:
the corner region 110 is a region enclosed by a curve formed by a part of continuous boundary of the processing region and an arc segment internally tangent to the end point of the curve and concave towards the curve direction, the part of continuous boundary curve is not necessarily on a straight line, and an internally tangent circle internally tangent to two end points of the curve exists;
the offset region 120 is defined by the shape of the machined area after removing corner regions, and the wavefront sweeps across the area as the boundary is propagated inward in a wavefront fashion for a certain distance.
The central region 130 is an interior region that the wavefront forming the offset region fails to sweep.
The schematic diagram after the division is shown in fig. 6, where the corner region 110 is located at the corner, the central region 130 is located at the center, and the offset region 120 is located between the corner region 110 and the central region 130.
The middle shaft is transformed into a tool path for planning an advanced cavity, thereby providing a mathematical basis. The medial axis transformation can be described by the motion of the wavefront. The initial shape and position of the wavefront is the boundary defining the plane area of the cavity. When the wave fronts of the edges of the boundary move toward the inside of the region at a constant speed in the normal direction of the edge, the set of the intersection points of the wave fronts and the wave fronts is the central axis, which is also called a skeleton or a ridge line (hereinafter called a skeleton). The skeleton and the region where the skeleton is generated have a one-to-one correspondence. After obtaining the skeleton of a certain region, the related offset tool path can be calculated based on the skeleton. The algorithm for calculating the offset tool path by using the algorithm has better stability.
The calculation method of the offset tool path with the modified shape of the final offset area is shown in fig. 7 and 8. Defining the edge of the final offset area as a boundary 121, and when the wave fronts 122 of the edges of the boundary 121 move at a constant speed towards the inside of the final offset area along the normal direction of the edge, the set of intersection points 123 of the wave fronts 122 and the wave fronts 122 is called a skeleton 124; after the skeleton 124 of the final bias region is obtained, the bias tool path of the final bias region is calculated based on the skeleton 124.
And checking whether the new machining area meets the stop condition for stopping dividing, wherein a limit value of the minimum width can be preset for the machining area, and when the minimum width of the machining area reaches or is smaller than the preset limit value, the machining area stops dividing.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional cavity 100 divided once by the self-embedding two-dimensional cavity efficient milling tool path planning method of the present invention, and fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the central region 130 divided once again based on fig. 9. As can be seen from a comparison of fig. 9 and 10, the more the division times, the smaller the central region 130 and the larger the offset region 120. Therefore, in order to achieve a large proportion of the offset region 120 with respect to the entire region, a preset limit value of the minimum width of the processing region may be set. And when the minimum width of the processing area reaches or is smaller than a preset limit value, stopping dividing the processing area.
When the minimum width of the central area 130 is smaller than the preset limit, the milling cutter 200 cannot perform slicing and milling on the entire central area 130, that is, the magnitude of the radial force cannot be effectively controlled, and thus the division of the processing area is stopped.
Setting a final corner area and a final central area to adopt a slicing milling cutter path, adopting a modified offset cutter path in a final offset area, and combining processing technological parameters to form the milling cutter path aiming at the two-dimensional cavity 100, wherein the processing technological parameters comprise the axial back draft a of the milling cutterpRadial cutting depth aeA feeding speed vfAnd the rotational speed v of the main shaftcAs shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 11, the shape of the two-dimensional cavity 100 designed in advance is automatically extracted, and a two-dimensional projection plane of the two-dimensional cavity 100 perpendicular to the axis of the milling cutter is defined as a processing area; and dividing the processing area according to a dividing rule. If the automatic extraction of the shape of the two-dimensional cavity 100 is unsuccessful, a human-computer interaction extraction method is adopted.
As shown in fig. 11, the milling tool path is converted into a control command and input into a digital controller of the machine tool, and the digital controller controls a milling cutter of the machine tool to mill the two-dimensional cavity 100.
Fig. 12 is a tool path schematic diagram of a two-dimensional cavity machined by the self-embedding two-dimensional cavity efficient milling tool path planning method. FIG. 13 is a graphical representation of measured radial forces during two-dimensional cavity processing. As can be seen from fig. 13, in the actual machining, no matter where the milling cutter 200 is located, the maximum peak value of the radial force actually received by the milling cutter 200 is well controlled to be about 1200 newtons. The result fully proves the effectiveness of the milling method in actual processing, and the processing efficiency can be greatly improved on the premise of effectively controlling the magnitude of the radial force and ensuring the safety of the processing process.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any changes in shape or structure thereof fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention, and such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A self-embedded two-dimensional cavity efficient milling tool path planning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting a dividing rule for dividing the processing area into an angle area, an offset area and a central area;
setting a stop condition for stopping dividing the machining area;
automatically introducing the shape of a pre-designed two-dimensional cavity, and defining a two-dimensional projection plane of the two-dimensional cavity vertical to the axis of the milling cutter as the processing area;
dividing the processing area according to the dividing rule, and defining the generated central area as a new processing area;
checking whether the new machining area meets a stop condition for stopping dividing; if yes, stopping dividing; if not, the new machining area is divided again;
adding the multiple angular regions formed by multiple divisions to form a final angular region, adding the multiple offset regions formed by multiple divisions to form a final offset region, and setting the central region formed by the last division as a final central region;
setting the final corner area and the final central area to adopt a slicing milling cutter path, adopting a bias cutter path with modification in the final bias area, and combining processing technological parameters to form a milling cutter path aiming at the two-dimensional cavity;
and converting the milling tool path into a control command and inputting the control command into a numerical controller of the machine tool, wherein the numerical controller of the machine tool controls the milling cutter to mill the two-dimensional cavity.
2. The method for efficient milling of a cutting path in a self-embedding two-dimensional cavity according to claim 1,
setting a dividing rule for dividing the processing area into the corner area, the offset area and the central area, wherein the dividing rule comprises the following steps:
the corner area is an area enclosed by a curve formed by a part of continuous boundary of the processing area and an arc section internally tangent to the end point of the curve and concave towards the direction of the curve, the part of continuous boundary curve is not necessarily on a straight line, and an internally tangent circle internally tangent to the two end points of the curve exists;
the bias area is an area swept by a wave front when the shape obtained by removing the corner area from the processing area is taken as a boundary and the boundary is propagated inwards in a wave front mode;
the central region is an inner region over which the wavefront forming the offset region fails to sweep.
3. The method for efficient milling of a cutting path in a self-embedding two-dimensional cavity according to claim 1,
checking whether the new machining area meets a stop condition for stopping dividing; if yes, stopping dividing; if not, the new machining area is divided again; the method comprises the following steps:
the stop condition is a preset limit value of the minimum width of the machining area, and when the minimum width of the machining area reaches or is smaller than the preset limit value, the machining area stops dividing.
4. The method for efficient milling of a cutting path in a self-embedding two-dimensional cavity according to claim 1,
automatically introducing a pre-designed shape of the two-dimensional cavity, defining a two-dimensional projection plane of the two-dimensional cavity perpendicular to the axis of the milling cutter as the processing area, and then;
dividing the processing area according to the dividing rule, and defining the generated central area as a new processing area;
checking whether the automatic introduction of the shape of the two-dimensional cavity is successful, and if so, dividing the machining area in the next step; and if not, introducing the shape of the two-dimensional cavity in a man-machine interaction mode.
5. The method for efficient milling of a cutting path in a self-embedding two-dimensional cavity according to claim 1,
and setting the final corner area and the final central area to adopt a slicing milling cutter path, adopting a modified offset cutter path in the final offset area, and combining processing technological parameters to form the milling cutter path aiming at the two-dimensional cavity, wherein the processing technological parameters comprise axial back cut, radial cut, feed speed and main shaft rotating speed of the milling cutter.
6. The method for efficient milling of a cutting path in a self-embedding two-dimensional cavity according to claim 1,
converting the milling tool path into a control command and inputting the control command into a numerical controller of the machine tool, wherein the numerical controller of the machine tool controls the milling cutter to mill the two-dimensional cavity, and the method comprises the following steps:
and converting the milling tool path into a control instruction and inputting the control instruction into a numerical controller of the machine tool, converting the control instruction into a control quantity of the machine tool by the numerical controller of the machine tool, and controlling the milling cutter to mill the two-dimensional cavity according to the control quantity of the machine tool.
7. The method for efficient milling of a cutting path in a self-embedding two-dimensional cavity according to claim 1,
and adopting a modified offset tool path in the final offset area, wherein the modified offset tool path comprises:
defining the edge of the final bias area as a boundary, and when the wave fronts of all sides of the boundary move towards the interior of the final bias area at a constant speed along the normal direction of the sides, the set of intersection points of the wave fronts and the wave fronts is called as a skeleton;
and after obtaining the skeleton of the final bias region, calculating the bias cutter path of the final bias region based on the skeleton.
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