CN107677335B - Device and method for measuring volume and porosity of object and vacuum gas sealing method - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring volume and porosity of object and vacuum gas sealing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107677335B CN107677335B CN201711071385.0A CN201711071385A CN107677335B CN 107677335 B CN107677335 B CN 107677335B CN 201711071385 A CN201711071385 A CN 201711071385A CN 107677335 B CN107677335 B CN 107677335B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F17/00—Methods or apparatus for determining the capacity of containers or cavities, or the volume of solid bodies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring the volume of an object, which comprises a first measuring container, a second measuring container and a third measuring container, wherein the first measuring container comprises a first box body and a first cover body, and a first gas outlet used for being connected with a vacuum pump and a first gas inlet used for releasing gas in the first box body are formed in the first box body; the second measuring container is arranged in the first measuring container and comprises a second box body and a second cover body, a first gas through hole is formed in the second box body, the first gas through hole is respectively connected with the vacuum pump and the flowmeter through a three-way pipe, vacuum in the container is realized when the first gas through hole is communicated with the vacuum pump, gas is released into the second measuring container when the first gas through hole is communicated with the flowmeter, and a pressure sensor is connected to the three-way pipe and used for measuring the gas pressure in the container; the packaging air bag is used for packaging the object to be tested. A method of measuring the volume and porosity of an object and a vacuum gas sealing method are also disclosed. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, accurate and reliable measurement, suitability for measuring objects with various shapes and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measuring object volume, in particular to a device and a method for measuring object volume and porosity and a vacuum gas sealing method.
Background
In many fields such as industry, agriculture, science and experiments, it is necessary to measure the porosity of an object, the pores of the object are often irregularly shaped and of varying sizes, and particularly in porous objects, measuring the size and depth of each pore one by one with a gauge is time consuming and laborious.
Currently, the porosity of an object is measured by using the archimedes principle, using a three-dimensional laser scanning technique, or using X-ray tomography. The method for measuring the porosity of an object with any shape by using the Archimedes principle includes the steps of immersing the object in water completely to obtain the volume of the object without pores, sealing the surface pores of the object with wax, or placing the object in a plastic bag, pumping out the air in the plastic bag, melting the plastic bag mouth (vacuum packaging) with heat, and placing the object sealed by the wax or the object sealed by the plastic bag in water to measure the volume of the object with pores, wherein the difference of the two volumes is the pore volume of the object. The archimedes principle is simple to operate and low in cost, but requires that the object is immersed in water, and cannot be used for many delicate objects which cannot be immersed in water. Furthermore, the Archimedes measurement method needs to be provided with a water tank, has large volume and is inconvenient to use on site.
The advent and development of three-dimensional laser measurement techniques has provided a new means of obtaining the volume of irregular objects. And in particular, when the volume is measured, the processing capacity of three-dimensional laser scanning data is large, a large memory and a high-speed CPU computer are required to be configured, and the scanning and data processing time is long. Many times, a user only needs to know the volume of an object, but three-dimensional laser scanning needs to build a three-dimensional digital model of the object by scanning the object point by point, and then the volume can be obtained, which is time-consuming and resource-wasting. The three-dimensional laser scanning has high requirements on the surface of an object to be measured, and if the surface of the object is too dark, too bright or too rough, the laser reading is prevented, so that the measurement accuracy is affected. The requirement of the three-dimensional laser scanning on the working environment is high, the environment must be relatively constant temperature, no dust exists, and the vibration is small. In many industrial sites, these requirements are often not met. In addition, three-dimensional laser scanning cannot be used to measure the volume of fragmented objects, such as a volume of pharmaceutical powder, industrial powder, paper mill dust, architectural sand and crushed stone (one often needs to measure the volume of fragmented objects to know the void fraction of the objects when they are put together).
The tomographic technique is to place an object under an X-ray beam and measure the surface and internal porosity of the object using the tomographic technique (CT). The X-ray tomography technique can accurately measure the porosity of the surface and interior of an object, but the instrument is expensive, takes a long time to measure, and has a radiation dose, which may have adverse effects on the object to be measured or the user.
It is apparent that the above-mentioned conventional device and method for measuring volume and porosity have inconvenience and defects in structure, method and use, and further improvement is needed. How to create a new device and method for measuring the volume and the porosity of an object and a vacuum gas sealing method, so that the volume and the porosity of the object can be simply and accurately obtained, the application range is wide, and the device and the method are very needed to be improved in the current industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for measuring the volume of an object, which can simply and accurately obtain the actual volume and the apparent volume of the object and has wide application range, thereby overcoming the defects of the prior device for measuring the volume of the object.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device for measuring the volume of an object, which comprises a first measuring container, a second measuring container, a vacuum pump, a flowmeter and a pressure sensor,
The first measuring container comprises a first box body and a first cover body in sealing fit with the first box body, a first gas outlet and a first gas inlet are formed in the first box body, the first gas outlet is connected with the vacuum pump through a first vacuum tube, a first valve is arranged on the first vacuum tube, the first gas inlet is connected with a second vacuum tube, and a second valve is arranged on the second vacuum tube;
The second measuring container is arranged in the first measuring container, the second measuring container comprises a second box body and a second cover body which is in sealing fit with the second box body, a first gas through hole is formed in the second box body and is connected with a third vacuum tube, the other end of the third vacuum tube is connected to the first vacuum tube, close to the first box body, of the first valve, and a third valve and a fourth valve are arranged on the third vacuum tube;
The flowmeter is connected with a third vacuum tube through a fourth vacuum tube, the connection part of the fourth vacuum tube and the third vacuum tube is positioned between the third valve and the fourth valve, and a fifth valve is arranged on the fourth vacuum tube;
The pressure sensor is arranged on a fourth vacuum tube of the fifth valve, which is close to the fourth valve side.
The invention further comprises an encapsulation air bag, wherein the encapsulation air bag is used for encapsulating an object to be detected, and when the encapsulation air bag and the object to be detected are placed in the second box body, the opening end of the encapsulation air bag is arranged between the second box body and the second cover body.
Further improved, the packaging air bag comprises a main body bag and a cover body bag, the opening end of the main body bag is folded back and sleeved at the top end edge of the second box body, the cover body bag is sleeved at the bottom end of the second cover body,
The third vacuum tube is also connected with a side tube, a second gas through hole is formed in the second cover body, and the other end of the side tube penetrates through the second gas through hole and is communicated with a gap between the second cover body and the cover body bag.
Further improved, the fifth valve is further connected with a fourth vacuum tube close to the fourth valve side, the other end of the fifth vacuum tube is connected with a standard container, and the fifth vacuum tube is provided with a sixth valve.
The invention also provides a device for measuring the volume of an object, comprising:
the first measuring container comprises a first box body and a first cover body which is in sealing fit with the first box body, a first gas outlet and a first gas inlet are formed in the first box body, the first gas outlet is used for being connected with a vacuum pump to realize vacuum in the first measuring container, and the first gas inlet is used for releasing gas in the first measuring container;
The second measurement container is used for being arranged in the first measurement container, the second measurement container comprises a second box body and a second cover body which is in sealing fit with the second box body, a first gas through hole is formed in the second box body and is respectively connected with a vacuum pump and a flowmeter through a three-way pipe, vacuum in the second measurement container is realized when the first gas through hole is communicated with the vacuum pump, gas is released into the second measurement container when the first gas through hole is communicated with the flowmeter, and a pressure sensor is connected to the three-way pipe and is used for measuring gas pressure in the second measurement container.
Further improvements, further comprising: the packaging air bag is used for packaging the object to be tested, and when the packaging air bag and the object to be tested are placed in the second box body, the opening end of the packaging air bag is arranged between the second box body and the second cover body.
Further improved, the packaging air bag comprises a main body bag and a cover body bag, the opening end of the main body bag is used for being folded and sleeved at the top end edge of the second box body, the cover body bag is used for being sleeved at the bottom end of the second cover body,
The second cover body is provided with a second gas through hole, and the second gas through hole is connected with the first gas through hole through a connecting pipe.
The device is further improved and further comprises a standard container, wherein the standard container is connected to a connecting pipe connected with the flowmeter through a connecting branch pipe with a valve.
The invention also provides a method of measuring the porosity of an object comprising:
(one) measuring an apparent volume of an object to be measured, the measuring method comprising:
(1) Placing an object to be tested in a packaging air bag, placing the packaging air bag in a second box body with a second cover body, and arranging the opening end of the packaging air bag between the second box body and the second cover body;
(2) Placing the second box body provided with the packaging air bag in the sealable first box body;
(3) Vacuumizing the first box body and the second box body to enable the first box body, the packaging air bag and the second box body to be in a vacuum state;
(4) Releasing gas into the first box body to form a pressure difference between the first box body and the second box body, wherein the pressure difference enables the second cover body to be tightly buckled with the opening of the second box body and tightly press the opening of the packaging air bag;
(5) Releasing gas into the second tank body through a flow meter, stopping releasing gas into the second tank body under the condition that the pressure in the second tank body is lower than the pressure in the first tank body, recording a gas flow value by the flow meter, recording the gas pressure in the second tank body by a pressure sensor, and according to the formula: pv=nrt, where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume, n is the gas flow, T is the gas temperature, R is the gas constant, and the empty volume V1 of the second tank body after removing the package air bag and the object to be tested is calculated;
(6) Subtracting the vacant volume V1 from the real volume of the second box body when no sample exists, and subtracting the volume of the packaging air bag to obtain the apparent volume of the object to be detected;
(two) measuring the actual volume of the object to be measured, the measuring method comprising:
Placing an object to be detected directly in the second box body, covering the second cover body, and placing the second box body with the object to be detected in the first box body; calculating a vacant volume V2 of the second box body after the object to be measured is removed according to the steps (3) to (5); subtracting the vacant volume V2 from the real volume of the second box body when no sample exists, so as to obtain the real volume of the object to be detected;
and (III) subtracting the actual volume of the object to be measured obtained in the step (II) from the apparent volume of the object to be measured obtained in the step (I) to obtain the pore volume of the object to be measured, and calculating to obtain the porosity of the object to be measured.
Further improvement, further comprising the step of performing a method reliability verification using a standard container, the standard container being disposed in parallel with the first tank, the method reliability verification step comprising:
A. Closing the communication between the vacuum pump and the first box body, the communication between the vacuum pump and the second box body and the communication between the vacuum pump and the flow meter, and vacuumizing the gas in the standard container by using the vacuum pump;
B. when the standard container reaches a certain low air pressure, the communication between the standard container and the vacuum pump is closed, air is released into the standard container through the flowmeter, after the release of the air is stopped, the air flow value is recorded by the flowmeter, the air pressure in the standard container is recorded by the pressure sensor, and according to the formula: pv=nrt, where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume, n is the gas flow, T is the gas temperature, R is the gas constant, and the volume V3 of the standard container is calculated;
C. and C, comparing the standard container volume V3 calculated in the step B with the actual standard volume of the standard container to obtain a measurement error of the standard container volume, and verifying the reliability of the method for measuring the volume and the porosity of the object.
The invention also provides a method of measuring the actual volume of an object, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Placing an object to be tested in a second box body with a second cover body, and placing the second box body with the object to be tested in a sealable first box body;
(2) Vacuumizing the first box body and the second box body to enable the first box body and the second box body to be in a vacuum state;
(3) Releasing gas into the first box body to form a pressure difference between the first box body and the second box body, wherein the pressure difference enables the second cover body to be tightly buckled with the opening of the second box body;
(4) Releasing gas into the second tank body through a flow meter, stopping releasing gas into the second tank body under the condition that the pressure in the second tank body is lower than the pressure in the first tank body, recording a gas flow value by the flow meter, recording the gas pressure in the second tank body by a pressure sensor, and according to the formula: pv=nrt, where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume, n is the gas flow, T is the gas temperature, R is the gas constant, and the free volume V2 of the second tank body after the object to be measured is removed is calculated;
(5) And (3) subtracting the vacant volume V2 obtained in the step (4) from the actual volume of the second box body when no sample exists, and obtaining the actual volume of the object to be detected.
The present invention also provides a method of measuring an apparent volume of an object, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Placing an object to be tested in a packaging air bag, placing the packaging air bag in a second box body with a second cover body, and arranging the opening end of the packaging air bag between the second box body and the second cover body;
(2) Placing the second box body provided with the packaging air bag in the sealable first box body;
(3) Vacuumizing the first box body and the second box body to enable the first box body, the packaging air bag and the second box body to be in a vacuum state;
(4) Releasing gas into the first box body to form a pressure difference between the first box body and the second box body, wherein the pressure difference enables the second cover body to be tightly buckled with the opening of the second box body and tightly press the opening of the packaging air bag;
(5) Releasing gas into the second tank body through a flow meter, stopping releasing gas into the second tank body under the condition that the pressure in the second tank body is lower than the pressure in the first tank body, recording a gas flow value by the flow meter, recording the gas pressure in the second tank body by a pressure sensor, and according to the formula: pv=nrt, where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume, n is the gas flow, T is the gas temperature, R is the gas constant, and the empty volume V1 of the second tank body after removing the package air bag and the object to be tested is calculated;
(6) And subtracting the vacant volume V1 from the real volume of the second box body when no sample exists, and subtracting the volume of the packaged air bag to obtain the apparent volume of the object to be detected.
The invention also provides a vacuum gas sealing method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing a sample to be sealed in a packaging air bag, placing the packaging air bag in a second box body with a second cover body, and arranging the opening end of the packaging air bag between the second box body and the second cover body;
(2) Placing the second box body provided with the packaging air bag in the sealable first box body;
(3) Vacuumizing the first box body and the second box body to enable the first box body, the packaging air bag and the second box body to be in a vacuum state;
(4) Releasing gas into the first box body to form a pressure difference between the first box body and the second box body, wherein the pressure difference enables the second cover body to be tightly buckled with the opening of the second box body and tightly press the opening of the packaging air bag;
(5) Releasing gas into the second box body, and ensuring that the pressure in the second box body is lower than the pressure in the first box body, so that the vacuum sealing of the packaged air bag on the sample is realized.
Further improved, the opening end of the packaging air bag is arranged on one side of the second box body and one side of the second cover body.
Further improved, the packaging air bag comprises a main body bag and a cover body bag for placing a sample to be sealed, the opening end of the main body bag is used for being folded and sleeved at the top end edge of the second box body, the cover body bag is used for being sleeved at the bottom end of the second cover body, a second gas through hole is formed in the second cover body, and the second gas through hole is communicated with the second box body through a connecting pipe.
With such a design, the invention has at least the following advantages:
1. The invention is characterized in that two measuring containers which are different in size and are internally and externally arranged, a vacuum pump, a flowmeter and a pressure sensor which are connected with the measuring containers through a plurality of vacuum tubes and a plurality of valves are arranged, an inner container, namely a second measuring container, is automatically sealed according to the pressure difference existing between the inner container and the outer container, the flow of the inflow gas and the pressure of the inner container are detected by flowing the gas into the inner container which keeps vacuum, and the spare volume of the inner container is calculated according to an ideal gas law. The actual volume and the apparent volume of the object to be measured are obtained respectively by directly placing the object to be measured into the inner container or placing the object to be measured into the inner container through the packaging air bag, and the porosity of the object to be measured is finally obtained. The device has simple structure, low cost, accurate and reliable measurement, can be suitable for measuring the volume of objects with various shapes or properties, and has wide application range.
2. The method for measuring the volume and the porosity of the object is simple to operate, safe, quick, low in cost and wide in application range.
3. The invention can self-verify the accuracy, reliability and stability of the device and the method in time by setting the standard container.
4. The vacuum gas sealing method of the invention is characterized in that two measuring containers which are different in size and are internally and externally arranged are arranged, a packaging air bag for packaging samples and a vacuum pump connected with the packaging air bag through a plurality of vacuum tubes and a plurality of valves are arranged, the pressure difference between the internal container and the external container is realized through the interaction of the vacuum pump and the valves, the inner container, namely the second measuring container, is automatically sealed, and the vacuum sealing of the packaging air bag to the samples is realized because the packaging air bag is still in a vacuum state by flowing gas into the inner container which keeps vacuum. The method can realize vacuum sealing of the sample by pressure difference without any external mechanical equipment, and is simple, safe and reliable.
Drawings
The foregoing is merely an overview of the present invention, and the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an embodiment of the apparatus for measuring the volume of an object according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the apparatus for measuring the volume of an object according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the apparatus for measuring the volume of an object of the present invention includes a first measuring vessel, a second measuring vessel, a vacuum pump 114, a flow meter 112, a pressure sensor 110, and an encapsulation air bag 107.
The first measuring container comprises a first box body 102 and a first cover body 101 in sealing fit with the first box body 102, a first gas outlet and a first gas inlet are formed in the first box body 102, the first gas outlet is connected with the vacuum pump 114 through a first vacuum tube 121, a first valve 115 is arranged on the first vacuum tube 121, the first gas inlet is connected with a second vacuum tube 122, and a second valve 103 is arranged on the second vacuum tube 122. The vacuum pump 114 can achieve a vacuum in the first measuring vessel when the first valve 115 is opened and can release gas for the first measuring vessel when the second valve 103 is opened.
The second measuring container is disposed in the first measuring container, the second measuring container includes a second box 108 and a second cover 105 in sealing fit with the second box 108, a first gas through hole is formed on the second box 108, the first gas through hole is connected to a third vacuum tube 123, the other end of the third vacuum tube 123 is connected to the first vacuum tube 121 on the side of the first valve 115 close to the first box, and a third valve 116 and a fourth valve 117 are disposed on the third vacuum tube 123.
The flow meter 112 is connected with a third vacuum tube 123 through a fourth vacuum tube 124, the connection part of the fourth vacuum tube 124 and the third vacuum tube 123 is positioned between the third valve 116 and the fourth valve 117, and a fifth valve 119 is arranged on the fourth vacuum tube 124; the inlet end of the flowmeter 112 is connected to a needle valve 113. The flow meter 112 is used to record the flow of gas into the second measurement vessel.
The pressure sensor 110 is arranged on a fourth vacuum tube 124 of the fifth valve 119 on the side of the fourth valve 117, the pressure sensor 110 being arranged to measure the gas pressure in the second measuring vessel.
The packaging air bag 107 is configured to package the object 109 to be tested, and when the packaging air bag 107 and the object 109 to be tested are placed inside the second case 108, the opening end of the packaging air bag 107 is disposed between the second case 108 and the second cover 105.
A fifth valve 125 is further connected to a fourth vacuum pipe 124 on the fourth valve side of the fifth valve 119, the other end of the fifth vacuum pipe 125 is connected to the standard container 111, and a sixth valve 118 is provided to the fifth vacuum pipe 125. The standard container 111 is used to verify the accuracy and reliability of the device to determine the container volume.
Example two
The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the package air bag, referring to fig. 2, in this embodiment, the package air bag includes a main body bag 104 and a cover bag 106, the opening end of the main body bag 104 is folded and sleeved at the top edge of the second box 108, and the cover bag 106 is sleeved at the bottom end of the second cover 105. The third vacuum tube 123 is further connected to a side tube 126, the second cover 105 is provided with a second gas through hole, and the other end of the side tube 126 passes through the second gas through hole and is communicated with the gap between the second cover 105 and the cover bag 106, so that the side tube 126 can realize the extraction and filling of the gas between the second cover 105 and the cover bag 106, and further ensure the vacuum state in and between the first measuring container, the second measuring container and the packaging air bag. The second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment, and will not be described again.
The method for measuring the volume and the porosity of the object by using the device for measuring the volume of the object comprises the following steps:
(1) The sample 109 to be measured is placed in the package bag 107 or the body bag 104, and then the package bag 107 or the body bag 104 is placed in the second case 108, and the opening end of the package bag 107 or the body bag 104 is correspondingly disposed between the second case 108 and the second cover 105 as shown in fig. 1 or 2.
(2) Closing the second valve 103 and the fifth valve 119, opening the first valve 115, the third valve 116, the fourth valve 117 and the sixth valve 118, and closing the first cover 101; the vacuum pump 114 is turned on, and the air inside the first measuring container, the second measuring container, the package bag, and the standard container 111 is all evacuated to form a low pressure state, and the pressure of the gas at this time is measured by the pressure sensor 110.
(3) After the vacuum level in the container has reached a value below a preset vacuum level, for example 20 mmhg (about 2.6 KPa), the first valve 115, the third valve 116, the fourth valve 117 and the sixth valve 118 are closed and the second valve 103 is opened, so that the gas pressure in the first measuring container rises very rapidly. While the fourth valve 117 is in a closed state, the inside of the second measuring vessel is still at a low pressure, so that a large pressure difference is formed inside and outside the second measuring vessel. The second measuring vessel now has an internal gas pressure of about 20 mmhg and an external gas pressure of 760 mmhg, which creates a pressure differential of about 1 kg per square centimeter across the second cover 105. In this embodiment, the second cover 105 has a diameter of about 15 cm and an area of about 176 square cm. The downward pressure on the second cover 105 is about 176 kg due to the difference in gas pressure between the inside and the outside of the second measuring vessel. Such a large pressure forces the second cover of the second measuring container to squeeze the encapsulated gas pouch covering between the second container 108 and the second cover 105, such that the encapsulated gas pouch interior forms a vacuum seal with the sample to be measured.
(4) The fourth valve 117 and the fifth valve 119 are opened, and at this time, since the third valve 116 and the sixth valve 118 are still in a closed state, the outside air enters the second measuring container through the opened fifth valve 119 and fourth valve 117 via the needle valve 113, the air flow meter 112. Because the top of the second measuring container is provided with 176 kg of pressure seal, the packaging air bag in the second measuring container comprises the measured sample in a low-pressure state, and the air entering from the outside can only compress the packaging air bag to tightly wrap the measured sample, so that the vacuum seal of the packaging air bag to an object to be measured is realized. The degree to which the encapsulated air bag compresses the sample under test is controlled by the amount of externally-entered gas that can be quantitatively measured by the flow meter 112. It is noted at this point that the pressure of the gas entering the second measuring vessel should always be lower in its interior than the pressure on the top of the second measuring vessel, so that the second measuring vessel is always in a sealed state throughout the measurement process, ensuring that the gas flowing into the second measuring vessel from the flow meter 112 does not leak out of the second measuring vessel. After a certain amount of gas has entered the second measuring vessel, the fifth valve 119 is closed, the pressure of which is measured by the pressure sensor 110.
According to the ideal gas law formula: pv=nrt, where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume, n is the gas flow, T is the gas temperature, R is the gas constant, and the calculated empty volume V1 of the second measurement container after removing the package air bag and the object to be measured is obtained;
(5) Subtracting the vacant volume V1 from the real volume of the second measuring container without the sample, and subtracting the volume of the packaging air bag to obtain the apparent volume of the object to be measured; ( The apparent volume of a sample in the present invention refers to the volume of the sample that contains the pore volume; the actual volume of the sample refers to the volume of the sample that does not contain the pore volume. )
(6) Directly placing a sample 109 to be measured in the second box 108, repeating the steps (2) to (4), wherein the second box is not wrapped by a packaging air bag, when the second measuring container is deflated, the placed gas not only compresses the surface of the sample to be measured, but also enters the inside of the hole through the hole on the sample, so that the empty volume V2 of the actual volume of the object to be measured is removed from the inside of the second measuring container, and the actual volume V2 is subtracted from the actual volume of the second measuring container without the sample, so that the actual volume of the object to be measured is obtained;
(7) And (3) subtracting the actual volume of the object to be measured obtained in the step (6) from the apparent volume of the object to be measured obtained in the step (5) to obtain the pore volume of the object to be measured, and obtaining the porosity of the object to be measured through calculation.
The method further comprises the step of performing a reliability verification of the method using a standard container:
After the above step (4), the fourth valve 117 is closed, the sixth valve 118 and the fifth valve 119 are opened, and at this time, since the third valve 116 and the fourth valve 117 are in a closed state, the external air is introduced into the standard container 111 through the opened fifth valve 119 and sixth valve 118 via the needle valve 113 and the air flow meter 112.
After stopping releasing the gas, the gas flow value is recorded by the flowmeter 112, the gas pressure in the standard container 111 is recorded by the pressure sensor 110, and the volume V3 of the standard container is calculated according to an ideal gas formula;
and the measurement error of the device for measuring the sample volume can be obtained by comparing the calculated standard container volume V3 with the actual standard volume of the standard container, thereby verifying the accuracy and reliability of the device and the method.
The invention can also measure the volume of the standard container before and after measuring the apparent volume and the actual volume of the object to be measured, and verify the stability of the porosity of the object measured by the device according to the stability of the volume measurement error of the standard container obtained by two times before and after.
Because the volume of the standard container is relatively stable and known, the invention performs self-checking verification by measuring the volume of the standard container, can know the accuracy and the reliability of the measuring device, and ensures the accuracy of measuring the apparent volume and the actual volume of the sample.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, and some simple modifications, equivalent variations or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art using the teachings disclosed herein, which fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A device for measuring the volume of an object is characterized by comprising a first measuring container, a second measuring container, a vacuum pump, a flowmeter and a pressure sensor,
The first measuring container comprises a first box body and a first cover body in sealing fit with the first box body, a first gas outlet and a first gas inlet are formed in the first box body, the first gas outlet is connected with the vacuum pump through a first vacuum tube, a first valve is arranged on the first vacuum tube, the first gas inlet is connected with a second vacuum tube, and a second valve is arranged on the second vacuum tube;
The second measuring container is arranged in the first measuring container, the second measuring container comprises a second box body and a second cover body which is in sealing fit with the second box body, a first gas through hole is formed in the second box body and is connected with a third vacuum tube, the other end of the third vacuum tube is connected to the first vacuum tube, close to the first box body, of the first valve, and a third valve and a fourth valve are arranged on the third vacuum tube;
The flowmeter is connected with a third vacuum tube through a fourth vacuum tube, the connection part of the fourth vacuum tube and the third vacuum tube is positioned between the third valve and the fourth valve, and a fifth valve is arranged on the fourth vacuum tube;
the pressure sensor is arranged on a fourth vacuum tube of the fifth valve, which is close to the fourth valve side;
The packaging box is characterized by further comprising a packaging air bag, wherein the packaging air bag is used for packaging an object to be tested, and when the packaging air bag and the object to be tested are placed in the second box, the opening end of the packaging air bag is arranged between the second box and the second cover.
2. The apparatus for measuring the volume of an object according to claim 1, wherein the package bag comprises a main body bag and a cover bag, the opening end of the main body bag is folded back and sleeved at the top edge of the second case, the cover bag is sleeved at the bottom end of the second cover,
The third vacuum tube is also connected with a side tube, a second gas through hole is formed in the second cover body, and the other end of the side tube penetrates through the second gas through hole and is communicated with a gap between the second cover body and the cover body bag.
3. The device for measuring the volume of an object according to claim 1, wherein a fifth vacuum tube is further connected to the fourth vacuum tube near the fourth valve side of the fifth valve, the other end of the fifth vacuum tube is connected to a standard container, and a sixth valve is provided on the fifth vacuum tube.
4. An apparatus for measuring the volume of an object, comprising:
the first measuring container comprises a first box body and a first cover body which is in sealing fit with the first box body, a first gas outlet and a first gas inlet are formed in the first box body, the first gas outlet is used for being connected with a vacuum pump to realize vacuum in the first measuring container, and the first gas inlet is used for releasing gas in the first measuring container;
The second measuring container is arranged in the first measuring container and comprises a second box body and a second cover body which is in sealing fit with the second box body, a first gas through hole is formed in the second box body and is respectively connected with a vacuum pump and a flowmeter through a three-way pipe, vacuum in the second measuring container is realized when the first gas through hole is communicated with the vacuum pump, gas is released into the second measuring container when the first gas through hole is communicated with the flowmeter, and a pressure sensor is connected to the three-way pipe and is used for measuring the gas pressure in the second measuring container;
The packaging air bag is used for packaging the object to be tested, and when the packaging air bag and the object to be tested are placed in the second box body, the opening end of the packaging air bag is arranged between the second box body and the second cover body.
5. The apparatus for measuring the volume of an object according to claim 4, wherein the package bag comprises a main body bag and a cover bag, the opening end of the main body bag is arranged to be folded around the top edge of the second case, the cover bag is arranged to be folded around the bottom end of the second cover,
The second cover body is provided with a second gas through hole, and the second gas through hole is connected with the first gas through hole through a connecting pipe.
6. The apparatus for measuring the volume of an object according to claim 4, further comprising a standard container connected to a connection pipe connected to the flow meter through a valved connection branch pipe.
7. A method of measuring the porosity of an object, the method being implemented using the apparatus for measuring the volume of an object of claim 1, the method comprising:
(one) measuring an apparent volume of an object to be measured, the measuring method comprising:
(1) Placing an object to be tested in a packaging air bag, placing the packaging air bag in a second box body with a second cover body, and arranging the opening end of the packaging air bag between the second box body and the second cover body;
(2) Placing the second box body provided with the packaging air bag in the sealable first box body;
(3) Vacuumizing the first box body and the second box body to enable the first box body, the packaging air bag and the second box body to be in a vacuum state;
(4) Releasing gas into the first box body to form a pressure difference between the first box body and the second box body, wherein the pressure difference enables the second cover body to be tightly buckled with the opening of the second box body and tightly press the opening of the packaging air bag;
(5) Releasing gas into the second tank body through a flow meter, stopping releasing gas into the second tank body under the condition that the pressure in the second tank body is lower than the pressure in the first tank body, recording a gas flow value by the flow meter, recording the gas pressure in the second tank body by a pressure sensor, and according to the formula: pv=nrt, where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume, n is the gas flow, T is the gas temperature, R is the gas constant, and the empty volume V1 of the second tank body after removing the package air bag and the object to be tested is calculated;
(6) Subtracting the vacant volume V1 from the real volume of the second box body when no sample exists, and subtracting the volume of the packaging air bag to obtain the apparent volume of the object to be detected;
(two) measuring the actual volume of the object to be measured, the measuring method comprising:
Placing an object to be detected directly in the second box body, covering the second cover body, and placing the second box body with the object to be detected in the first box body; calculating a vacant volume V2 of the second box body after the object to be measured is removed according to the steps (3) to (5); subtracting the vacant volume V2 from the real volume of the second box body when no sample exists, so as to obtain the real volume of the object to be detected;
and (III) subtracting the actual volume of the object to be measured obtained in the step (II) from the apparent volume of the object to be measured obtained in the step (I) to obtain the pore volume of the object to be measured, and calculating to obtain the porosity of the object to be measured.
8. The method of measuring the porosity of an object according to claim 7, further comprising the step of performing a method reliability verification using a standard container, the standard container being disposed in parallel with the first tank, the method reliability verification step comprising:
A. Closing the communication between the vacuum pump and the first box body, the communication between the vacuum pump and the second box body and the communication between the vacuum pump and the flow meter, and vacuumizing the gas in the standard container by using the vacuum pump;
B. When the standard container reaches a certain low air pressure, the communication between the standard container and the vacuum pump is closed, air is released into the standard container through the flowmeter, after the release of the air is stopped, the air flow value is recorded by the flowmeter, the air pressure in the standard container is recorded by the pressure sensor, and according to the formula: pv=nrt, where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume, n is the gas flow, T is the gas temperature, R is the gas constant, and the volume V3 of the standard container is calculated;
C. and C, comparing the standard container volume V3 calculated in the step B with the actual standard volume of the standard container to obtain a measurement error of the standard container volume, and verifying the reliability of the method for measuring the volume and the porosity of the object.
9. A method of measuring the apparent volume of an object, the method being carried out using the apparatus for measuring the volume of an object of claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Placing an object to be tested in a packaging air bag, placing the packaging air bag in a second box body with a second cover body, and arranging the opening end of the packaging air bag between the second box body and the second cover body;
(2) Placing the second box body provided with the packaging air bag in the sealable first box body;
(3) Vacuumizing the first box body and the second box body to enable the first box body, the packaging air bag and the second box body to be in a vacuum state;
(4) Releasing gas into the first box body to form a pressure difference between the first box body and the second box body, wherein the pressure difference enables the second cover body to be tightly buckled with the opening of the second box body and tightly press the opening of the packaging air bag;
(5) Releasing gas into the second tank body through a flow meter, stopping releasing gas into the second tank body under the condition that the pressure in the second tank body is lower than the pressure in the first tank body, recording a gas flow value by the flow meter, recording the gas pressure in the second tank body by a pressure sensor, and according to the formula: pv=nrt, where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume, n is the gas flow, T is the gas temperature, R is the gas constant, and the empty volume V1 of the second tank body after removing the package air bag and the object to be tested is calculated;
(6) And subtracting the vacant volume V1 from the real volume of the second box body when no sample exists, and subtracting the volume of the packaged air bag to obtain the apparent volume of the object to be detected.
10. A vacuum gas sealing method, characterized in that the method is implemented with the device for measuring the volume of an object according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Placing a sample to be sealed in a packaging air bag, placing the packaging air bag in a second box body with a second cover body, and arranging the opening end of the packaging air bag between the second box body and the second cover body;
(2) Placing the second box body provided with the packaging air bag in the sealable first box body;
(3) Vacuumizing the first box body and the second box body to enable the first box body, the packaging air bag and the second box body to be in a vacuum state;
(4) Releasing gas into the first box body to form a pressure difference between the first box body and the second box body, wherein the pressure difference enables the second cover body to be tightly buckled with the opening of the second box body and tightly press the opening of the packaging air bag;
(5) Releasing gas into the second box body, and ensuring that the pressure in the second box body is lower than the pressure in the first box body, so that the vacuum sealing of the packaged air bag on the sample is realized.
11. The vacuum gas sealing method according to claim 10, wherein the opening end of the package gas bag is provided at one side between the second case and the second cover.
12. The vacuum gas sealing method according to claim 10, wherein the packaging bag comprises a main body bag and a cover body bag for placing the sample to be sealed, the opening end of the main body bag is used for being folded and sleeved at the top end edge of the second box body, the cover body bag is used for being folded and sleeved at the bottom end of the second cover body, a second gas through hole is formed in the second cover body, and the second gas through hole is communicated with the second box body through a connecting pipe.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711071385.0A CN107677335B (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2017-11-03 | Device and method for measuring volume and porosity of object and vacuum gas sealing method |
| PCT/CN2018/104130 WO2019085639A1 (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2018-09-05 | Device and method for measuring volume and porosity of object and vacuum air sealing method |
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| CN201711071385.0A CN107677335B (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2017-11-03 | Device and method for measuring volume and porosity of object and vacuum gas sealing method |
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| CN107677335B (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2024-04-30 | 常州广为仪器科技有限公司 | Device and method for measuring volume and porosity of object and vacuum gas sealing method |
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