CN107671140B - Machining device and method for cross wedge rolling piece - Google Patents
Machining device and method for cross wedge rolling piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN107671140B CN107671140B CN201710677200.4A CN201710677200A CN107671140B CN 107671140 B CN107671140 B CN 107671140B CN 201710677200 A CN201710677200 A CN 201710677200A CN 107671140 B CN107671140 B CN 107671140B
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D51/00—Sawing machines or sawing devices working with straight blades, characterised only by constructional features of particular parts; Carrying or attaching means for tools, covered by this subclass, which are connected to a carrier at both ends
- B23D51/04—Sawing machines or sawing devices working with straight blades, characterised only by constructional features of particular parts; Carrying or attaching means for tools, covered by this subclass, which are connected to a carrier at both ends of devices for feeding, positioning, clamping, or rotating work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing device of a cross wedge rolling piece, which comprises a material inspection part, a sawing machine, an intermediate frequency induction furnace, a cross wedge rolling machine, a cooling and conveying device and a hydraulic straightening mechanism, wherein the cross wedge rolling piece sequentially passes through. The method for processing the wedge cross rolling piece comprises the following steps: checking materials; discharging, and decomposing a workpiece by using a sawing machine; heating, namely heating a workpiece by using an intermediate frequency heating furnace; rolling forming, namely rolling forming by using a cross wedge rolling mill, and conveying to a sawing machine by using a cooling conveying device to remove a stub bar; straightening is carried out by using a hydraulic straightening machine. The invention has the beneficial effects that: positioning and decomposing by a sawing machine, so that the decomposing precision is improved; the workpiece is prevented from deviating by a positioning device of the cross wedge rolling mill; the cooling and transporting device enables the cooling and transporting to be carried out simultaneously, thereby saving time; the self-made hydraulic straightening mechanism has high straightening precision and high reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a processing device and a processing method of a part, in particular to a cross wedge rolling part processing device and a cross wedge rolling part processing method.
Background
The shaft is one of the typical parts commonly found in machining. It is used mainly in machinery to support gears, pulleys, cams, and links to transmit torque. The stepped transmission shaft can be divided into a stepped shaft, a taper mandrel, an optical axis, a hollow shaft, a crankshaft, a cam shaft, an eccentric shaft, various lead screws and the like according to different structural forms, wherein the stepped transmission shaft is widely applied, and the processing technology can more comprehensively reflect the processing rules and commonalities of shaft parts.
According to the functions and working conditions of the shaft parts, the technical requirements are mainly as follows:
the main surfaces of shaft parts are often two types: the outer circle journals matched with the inner rings of the bearings are the bearing journals, are used for determining the positions of the shafts and supporting the shafts, have high requirements on dimensional accuracy, usually IT 5-IT 7, and the journals matched with various transmission parts are the matched journals, and have low accuracy, usually IT 6-IT 9.
The geometric shape precision mainly refers to roundness and cylindricity of important surfaces such as journal surfaces, outer conical surfaces, taper holes and the like. The tolerances should generally be limited to dimensional tolerances and geometric accuracy should be specified in the part drawings for precision shafts.
The mutual position accuracy comprises the coaxiality of the inner surface, the outer surface, the important axial surfaces, the radial runout of the circle, the perpendicularity of the important end surfaces to the axial line, the parallelism among the end surfaces and the like.
The requirements of surface roughness and roughness of the machined surface of the shaft are generally determined according to the machining possibility and economy. The bearing journal is usually 0.2-1.6 μm and the matching journal of the transmission piece is 0.4-3.2 μm.
And fifthly, other heat treatment, chamfering, appearance modification and the like are required.
It can be seen that the requirements for shaft parts are increasing at present.
For the selection of shaft part materials, 45 steel is commonly used, a shaft with higher precision can be selected from 40Cr, bearing steel GCr15 and spring steel 65Mn, and nodular cast iron can also be selected from low-carbon alloy steel such as 20CrMnTi, 20Mn2B and 20Cr or 38CrMoAl nitriding steel for a high-speed and heavy-load shaft, and 20CrMnTiH, 20CrMoH and 20MnCrS5 are mainly adopted by current company.
Round bar stock and cross wedge rolling parts are commonly used as blanks of shaft parts, and castings are used as large shafts or shafts with complex structures. After the blank is heated and forged, the fiber tissue in the metal can be uniformly distributed along the surface, and higher tensile strength, bending strength and torsional strength are obtained.
The wedge cross rolling piece is used as an initial form wedge cross rolling piece before rough machining and finish machining of shaft parts, the necessity of reasonable process and device is realized, in actual production, the wedge cross rolling piece is subjected to the processes of material inspection, blanking decomposition, heating, rolling, straightening and the like, but each process and device have more or less errors, and finally the performance of the whole wedge cross rolling piece is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a processing device and a processing method for producing a cross wedge rolling piece with high accuracy.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme: the invention comprises a material inspection position, a sawing machine, an intermediate frequency induction furnace, a cross wedge rolling mill and a hydraulic straightening mechanism, wherein the cross wedge rolling part sequentially passes through, and a cooling and conveying device is arranged behind the cross wedge rolling mill;
the sawing machine comprises a base, a machine body, an upright post, a sawing beam, a transmission mechanism, a guide device, a workpiece clamping mechanism, a tensioning device, a feeding frame, a hydraulic transmission system, an electric control system and a lubrication and cooling system, wherein the machine body is provided with a positioning device on a workbench, and the positioning device comprises a first clamping piece, a second clamping piece and a placing plate which are opposite; the first clamping piece is fixed on the workbench; the placing plate comprises a vertical plate and a horizontal plate which are mutually perpendicular, the vertical plate is abutted against the clamping surface of the first clamping piece, the horizontal plate is placed on the workbench, and a first positioning block for limiting the horizontal swing of the workpiece is arranged on the vertical plate; the second clamping piece is slidably arranged on the workbench and is provided with a second positioning block for limiting the horizontal swing of the workpiece; the horizontal plate is provided with a third positioning block for limiting the vertical swing of the workpiece, and the workbench is provided with a fourth positioning block for limiting the movement of the workpiece along the axis;
the cross wedge rolling mill comprises a machine body, a forming part and a transmission mechanism, wherein the forming part consists of an upper roller and a lower roller, a locating plate assembly is arranged between the upper roller and the lower roller, the locating plate assembly is connected with the cross wedge rolling mill in an adjustable manner and is assembled between the upper roller and the lower roller of the cross wedge rolling mill, and one end part of the locating plate assembly is arc and tangent with a workpiece;
the cooling and transporting device comprises a guide rail, a first base, a rolling mechanism, a transmission mechanism and one or more placing racks; the guide rail mirror image is arranged, a limit groove for limiting the cooling device to move in the vertical transportation direction is formed in the top of the guide rail, the placing frame is fixed on the first base, the rolling mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the first base and roll on the guide rail, a transmission mechanism capable of driving the first base to move along the guide rail direction is arranged below the first base, and the placing frame is provided with a baffle which is movable and can limit the cooling device to move along the transportation direction;
the hydraulic straightening mechanism comprises a vertical hydraulic press and a straightening device; the vertical hydraulic press is provided with a workbench and a machine head which can stretch in the vertical direction, the straightening device is centrally fixed on the workbench, the machine head is centrally fixed on the hydraulic press, and the axis of the machine head is vertical to the workbench surface; the straightening device comprises a second base, at least two workpiece seats arranged on the second base and a dial indicator detection device; the second base is fixed on the workbench; the workpiece seats are arranged in pairs and can be fixed on the second base in a sliding mode, and the dial indicator detection device is arranged on one side of the second base.
Preferably, the intersection line of the first positioning block, the second positioning block and the outer circumferential surface of the workpiece is coincident with the intersection line of the horizontal plane where the central axis of the workpiece is positioned and the outer circumferential surface; the intersection line of the third positioning block, the fourth positioning block and the outer circumferential surface of the workpiece is coincident with the intersection line of the vertical surface where the central axis of the workpiece is positioned and the outer circumferential surface;
the workbench is provided with a sliding groove in the horizontal direction, and the second clamping piece is provided with a sliding block which is accommodated in the sliding groove so as to slide in the sliding groove; the first positioning block is a square block and is welded at the end part of the vertical plate; the second positioning block is a square block or a cylinder and further comprises an installation body, wherein the second positioning block is welded on the second clamping piece after being welded on the installation body, and the installation body is welded between the middle part and the tail part of the second clamping piece; the third positioning block is a square block and is welded at the end part on the horizontal plate surface; the fourth positioning block is a square block and welded at the tail part of the horizontal plate surface, and when the workpiece is fixed, the fourth positioning block is positioned at the tail part of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece and is propped against the conical surface; the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece are welded with a plurality of reinforcing ribs.
Preferably, the guide rail is two strip-shaped rectangular plates which are arranged in parallel, the top end of the guide rail is provided with a mirrored L-shaped limit groove, the guide rail is also provided with a mirror-arranged roller groove for realizing rolling of the rolling mechanism, and the roller groove is a rectangular groove with one surface open; the rolling mechanism is four rollers, the first base is of a rectangular frame structure, and the four rollers are respectively arranged at four corners of the first base.
Preferably, the transmission mechanism comprises a plurality of driving gears, driven gears and chains, wherein the driving gears are connected with the driven gears through the chains, and a transmission piece matched with the transmission mechanism is welded below the first base; the number of the chains is two, and the number of the transmission parts is two; the transmission part is a gear strip and/or a plurality of welding blocks; the two placing frames are symmetrically placed, each placing frame comprises a first support, a second support, a limiting mechanism and two baffles, each placing frame is welded on the first underframe, and the baffles are assembled between the two ends of the first support and the two ends of the second support and limited at the end parts of the limiting structures, wherein the lowest end of each baffle is lower than the top surface of the bottom plate; the limiting mechanism is a limiting bottom plate, the first bracket and the second bracket are vertically welded at two ends of the top surface of the limiting bottom plate in parallel, and the length of the limiting bottom plate is smaller than that of the first bracket and the second bracket; or, the limiting mechanism is two limiting blocks, the first bracket and the second bracket are vertically welded on the first base in parallel, the limiting blocks are welded on the bottom surfaces of the two ends of the first bracket and the second bracket, and when the limiting blocks are limited at the limiting blocks, the lowest end of the baffle is lower than the top surface of the limiting block; still include the installation axle, gasket and cotter, the baffle is sword form structure and opens there is first mounting hole, the aperture has been seted up to the installation axle, first support and second support are the rectangular plate that two angles in top were cut off, and the second mounting hole that runs through has been seted up at both ends, the baffle passes first mounting hole and second mounting hole through the installation axle, utilizes gasket and cotter to be assembled between first support and second support.
Preferably, the positioning plate assembly is a pair of positioning plates and is installed in a mirror image mode, and the circular arc is arranged at one end close to the workpiece; the arc curvature of the end part of the positioning plate is larger than or equal to the curvature radius of the workpiece, and the arc is circumscribed with the workpiece; one end of the circular arc is arranged on the positioning plate, and chamfers are arranged at the intersections of the circular arc and the upper surface and the lower surface of the positioning plate; the other end of the locating plate is provided with a waist-shaped hole for adjusting the installation position.
Preferably, the cooling device is of an integrated structure and comprises a coaming frame and a placing plate, wherein the placing plate is connected with the inner side of the coaming frame, and a plurality of holes are uniformly arranged on the placing plate; a limiting plate used for being placed on the conveying device is arranged below the coaming frame in the middle, and the limiting plate and the coaming frame are integrally formed; the distance between the limit grooves is equal to or greater than the length of the limit plate;
the cooling device is of a symmetrical structure, the surrounding plate frame is a rectangular frame surrounded by four plates, the outer corners of the surrounding plate frame are fillets, the top surface of the placing plate is lower than the top surface of the surrounding plate frame, the limiting plates are two and are arranged in a mirror image mode, holes in the placing plate are rectangular holes and/or round holes, the four corners of the rectangular holes are fillets, and the joint of the surrounding plate frame and the placing plate is an inclined surface.
Preferably, the dial indicator detection device comprises a dial indicator, a dial indicator frame and a dial indicator rod, wherein the dial indicator frame is used for fixing the dial indicator, the dial indicator frame is vertically arranged on one side of the second base, and the dial indicator rod is vertical to the dial indicator frame; when the device works, the position of the gauge rod is lower than that of the measured piece, the axis of the gauge rod is vertical to that of the measured piece, and the axis of the gauge rod is vertical to that of the machine head;
preferably, the second base is welded on the workbench; a through chute is formed in the middle of the second base; the sliding groove is in an inverted T shape; the workpiece seat comprises a sliding seat and a placing frame; the sliding seat is provided with two circular holes for locking, and the two circular holes are symmetrically arranged. The top end of the placing frame is provided with a V-shaped groove, the notch faces upwards, and the angle range is 60-120 degrees; the dial indicator detection device further comprises a measuring head, wherein the measuring head is provided with a baffle for reducing burrs from entering the dial indicator; the baffle is round or oval cut by soft materials; the switch of the hydraulic straightening machine is arranged on the ground.
The invention also provides a method for wedging the cross rolling piece, which comprises the following steps:
(6) Material inspection, at which the material is inspected using an inspection tool;
(7) Discharging, and decomposing a workpiece by using a sawing machine;
(8) Heating, namely heating a workpiece by using an intermediate frequency heating furnace;
(9) Rolling forming, namely rolling forming by using a cross wedge rolling mill, placing the cross wedge rolling mill on a cooling and transporting device for cooling and transporting the cross wedge rolling mill to a sawing machine for removing a stub bar;
(10) Straightening is carried out by using a hydraulic straightening machine.
Preferably, the inspection tool comprises a stokehold spectrum analyzer, acid etch visualization, brinell hardness tester, microscope, ultrasonic flaw detector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the positioning device on the machine tool is used for positioning the diameter of the tail end of the cylinder to be larger than that of the end part from the horizontal direction, the vertical direction and the axial direction, so that the end part of the cylinder cannot sink, and an inclined plane is prevented from being cut; the positioning block is not directly fixed on the clamping piece, if the precision deviation is caused by damage, the positioning block is easy to replace, parts of the sawing machine are not required to be replaced, and the service life of the sawing machine is prolonged.
2. The wedge cross rolling mill is propped against the circumferential surface of the workpiece through the positioning plate so as to prevent the radial deformation and deviation of the workpiece, and one end of the positioning plate is in an arc shape, so that the workpiece is uniformly stressed, and the damage to the circumferential surface of the workpiece is reduced; the circular arc part of the positioning plate is a round angle, so that the workpiece is prevented from being scratched by the round angle, and the precision of the workpiece is prevented from being influenced; the locating plate is adjustable in installation, is favorable for adjusting the distance between the locating plate and a workpiece, and avoids the phenomenon that welding slag is generated by welding so as to influence the flatness of an installation surface.
3. The top of the guide rail on the cooling and transporting device is provided with a limit groove for limiting the left and right movement of the cooling device, and the placing frame is provided with a movable baffle plate capable of limiting the front and rear directions of the cooling device, so that the cooling device is limited on the transporting device, and the transporting stability is ensured; the baffle plate can rotate for a certain angle, and the baffle plates are arranged at the two ends of the placing frame and can be erected according to the requirements of the conveying direction; simple structure can self-control, practices thrift the time of cooling and transportation, reduces workman intensity of labour, and the executability is strong with the popularization nature.
5. The hydraulic straightening mechanism is simple in structure, high in stability and high in measurement accuracy, is suitable for manual straightening of small-batch shaft parts with short lengths, and can straighten according to the bending degree of each part, and the straightening accuracy is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for processing a wedge cross-rolled piece in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the sawing machine positioning device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sawing machine positioning device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the sawing machine positioning device of the present invention in operation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the work piece positioning device of the cross wedge rolling mill of the present invention in use;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the work piece positioning device of the cross wedge rolling mill of the present invention in use;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the hydraulic straightening mechanism in the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the hydraulic straightening mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a cooling conveyor used in cross wedge cooling according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a cooling conveyor of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a cooling conveyor according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the baffle;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the first bracket;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the cooling conveyor of the present invention in operation;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a cooling device;
FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cooling device;
fig. 17 is a schematic view of the cooling conveyor according to the present invention when not in operation.
Work table 21 first clamping member 22 second clamping member 23 placing plate 24 vertical plate 241 horizontal plate 242 first positioning block 2411 second positioning block 231 mounting body 2311 third positioning block 2421 fourth positioning block 2422 work piece 25 saw blade 26 positioning plate assembly 41 circular arc 411 chamfer 412 work piece 42 upper wedge die 43 lower wedge die 44 vertical hydraulic press 51 work table 511 machine head 512 switch 513 alignment device 52 second base 521 slide groove 5211 work piece seat 522 slide seat 5221 circular hole 52211 mount 5222V-shaped groove 52221 dial indicator detection device dial indicator 5231 dial indicator frame 5232 gauge rod 5234 gauge head 5234 baffle 5234 guide rail 61 limit groove 611 roller groove 612 first base 62 rolling mechanism 63 transmission mechanism 64 chain 641 transmission mechanism 642 first support 651 second support 652 limit base plate 653 first mounting hole 6541 limit set pin 65655 mounting shaft spacer 656 spacer 657 split pin 658 cooling device 66 frame 661 setting plate 663 rectangular hole 664 round hole 662 and guide plate 664
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the examples of the present invention, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment comprises a material inspection place 1, a sawing machine 2, an intermediate frequency induction furnace 3, a cross wedge rolling mill 4, a cooling and conveying device 6 and a hydraulic straightening mechanism 5, wherein the cross wedge rolling part sequentially passes through;
at the material inspection site, the material composition, the macrostructure, the end hardenability, the band-like structure, the internal structure, and the like were inspected using a stokehold spectrum analyzer, an acid etch visual inspection, a brinell hardness tester, a microscope, and an ultrasonic flaw detector.
As shown in fig. 2, the sawing machine 2 in this embodiment adopts the existing sawing machine, and the invention point of this embodiment is that a positioning device on a workbench 21 is arranged on the machine body, and the positioning device comprises a first clamping piece 22 and a second clamping piece 23 which are opposite and vertical, and a placing plate 24 is arranged on the positioning device; the first clamping member 22 is fixed on the workbench 21; the placing plate 24 comprises a vertical plate 241 and a horizontal plate 242 which are mutually perpendicular, the vertical plate 241 is abutted against the clamping surface of the first clamping piece 22, the horizontal plate 242 is placed on the workbench 1, and a first positioning block 2411 for limiting the horizontal swinging of the workpiece is arranged on the vertical plate 241; the second clamping piece 23 is slidably mounted on the workbench 21, and is provided with a second positioning block 231 for limiting the horizontal swing of the workpiece 25; the horizontal plate 242 is provided with a third positioning block 2421 for limiting the vertical swing of the work piece 25, and the table 21 is provided with a third positioning block 2421 for limiting the axial movement of the work piece 25. The intersection line of the first positioning block 2411, the second positioning block 231 and the outer circumferential surface of the workpiece 25 is coincident with the intersection line of the horizontal plane where the central axis of the workpiece 25 is located and the outer circumferential surface.
The workbench 21 is provided with a sliding groove in the horizontal direction, and the second clamping piece 23 is provided with a sliding block which is accommodated in the sliding groove so as to slide in the sliding groove. The first positioning block 2411 is a square block welded to an end of the vertical plate 241. The second positioning block 231 is a square block or a cylinder, and further comprises a mounting body 2311, the second positioning block 231 is welded on the second clamping piece 23 after being welded on the mounting body 2311, and the mounting body 2311 is welded between the middle part and the tail part of the second clamping piece 23. The first clamping piece 22 and the second clamping piece 23 are welded with a plurality of reinforcing ribs.
As shown in fig. 3, the intersection lines of the third positioning block 2421, the fourth positioning block 2422 and the outer circumferential surface of the workpiece 25 are coincident with the intersection line of the vertical surface of the central axis of the workpiece 25 and the outer circumferential surface. The third positioning block is a square block and is welded to the end of the horizontal plate 242. The fourth positioning block 2422 is a square block, and is welded on the tail of the horizontal plate 242, and when the workpiece is fixed, it is positioned on the tail of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece and is propped against the conical surface.
In the embodiment, the medium-frequency heating furnace has the heating temperature of 1080-1180 ℃, the production process is continuously monitored visually, spot check is performed by an infrared temperature measuring gun, recording is performed, spot check is performed once every two hours, and the inspection is performed twice.
As shown in fig. 5, the cross wedge rolling mill in this embodiment adopts an existing cross wedge rolling mill, the forming portion is composed of an upper roller and a lower roller, a positioning plate assembly 41 is disposed between the upper roller and the lower roller, the positioning plate assembly 41 is adjustably connected with the cross wedge rolling mill and is assembled between the upper roller and the lower roller of the cross wedge rolling mill, and one end portion of the positioning plate assembly 41 is an arc 411 and is tangent to the workpiece 42.
The positioning plate assembly 41 is a pair of positioning plates and is installed in a mirror image, and the circular arc 411 is arranged at one end close to the workpiece 42; the curvature of the arc 411 at the end part of the positioning plate is larger than or equal to the curvature radius of the workpiece 42, and the arc 411 is circumscribed with the workpiece 42. The locating plate is provided with one end of an arc, and the intersections of the arc and the upper surface and the lower surface of the locating plate are provided with chamfers 412. The other end of the positioning plate is provided with a waist-shaped hole (not shown in the figure) for adjusting the installation position.
As shown in fig. 9, the cooling device 6 of the present embodiment includes a guide rail 61, a first base 62, a rolling mechanism 63, a transmission mechanism 64 (not shown), and one or more racks 65; the guide rail 61 is arranged in a mirror image manner, a limit groove 611 for limiting the cooling device 66 (not shown in the figure) to move vertically is formed in the top of the guide rail 61, the placing frame 65 is fixed on the first base 62, the rolling mechanisms 63 are arranged on two sides of the first base 62 and roll on the guide rail 61, a transmission mechanism 64 (not shown in the figure) capable of driving the first base 62 to move along the guide rail 61 is arranged below the first base 62, and the placing frame 65 is provided with a baffle 654 which is movable and can limit the cooling device 66 (not shown in the figure) to move along the conveying direction.
The guide rail 61 is two rectangular plates in parallel, the top end of the guide rail 61 is provided with a mirrored L-shaped limit groove 611, the guide rail 61 is also provided with a mirrored roller groove 612 for the rolling mechanism 63 to roll, and the roller groove 612 is a rectangular groove with one surface open.
The rolling mechanism 63 is four rollers, the first base 62 is a rectangular frame structure, and the four rollers are respectively disposed at four corners of the first base 62.
The cooling device has the following structures:
structure one: as shown in fig. 10, the transmission mechanism 64 includes a plurality of driving gears, driven gears and chains 641, the driving gears are connected with the driven gears through the chains 641, and a transmission member 642 matched with the transmission mechanism 64 is welded under the first base 62; two chains 641 and two driving members 642; the driving member 642 may be a gear rack and/or a plurality of welding blocks.
Referring to fig. 14-15, the two holders 65 are symmetrically placed, the holders 65 include a first holder 651, a second holder 652, a limiting mechanism, and two baffles 654, the holders 65 are welded on the first base 62, the baffles 654 are assembled between the two ends of the first holder 651 and the second holder 652, and when the two baffles are limited at the ends of the limiting mechanism, the lowest ends of the baffles 654 are lower than the top surface of the bottom plate.
The limiting mechanism is a limiting bottom plate 653, the first support 651 and the second support 652 are vertically welded at two ends of the top surface of the limiting bottom plate 653 in parallel, and the length of the limiting bottom plate 653 is smaller than that of the first support 651 and the second support 652.
The device further comprises a mounting shaft 656, a gasket 657 and a cotter pin 658, the baffle 654 is in a knife-shaped structure and is provided with a first mounting hole 6541 (shown in fig. 12), the mounting shaft 656 is provided with a small hole, the first bracket 651 and the second bracket 652 are rectangular plates with two angles of the top end cut off, two ends of each rectangular plate are provided with a second mounting hole 6511 (shown in fig. 13) which penetrates through the mounting shaft 656, the baffle 654 penetrates through the first mounting hole 541 and the second mounting hole 6511, and the gasket 657 and the cotter pin 658 are assembled between the first bracket 651 and the second bracket 652.
As shown in fig. 11, the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the limiting mechanism is two limiting blocks 655, the first support 651 and the second support 652 are vertically welded on the first base 62 in parallel, the limiting blocks 655 are welded on the bottom surfaces of the two ends of the first support 651 and the second support 652, and when the limiting blocks 655 are limited, the lowest ends of the baffle 654 are lower than the top surfaces of the limiting blocks.
As shown in fig. 14-15, the cooling device 66 is an integral cooling device structure, and comprises a coaming frame 661 and a placement plate 662, wherein the placement plate 662 is connected with the inner side of the coaming frame 661, and a plurality of holes are uniformly arranged on the placement plate 662; a limiting plate 663 for being placed on a conveying device is arranged below the coaming frame 661 in the middle, and the limiting plate 663 and the coaming frame 661 are integrally formed; the distance between the limit grooves 611 is equal to or greater than the length of the limit plate 663.
The cooling device 66 is of a symmetrical structure, the coaming frame 661 is a rectangular frame surrounded by four plates, the outer corners of the coaming frame 661 are rounded corners, the top surface of the placement plate 662 is lower than the top surface of the coaming frame 661, the limiting plates 663 are two and arranged in a mirror image mode, holes in the placement plate 662 are rectangular holes 664 and/or round holes 665, the four corners of the rectangular holes 664 are rounded corners, and the joint of the coaming frame 661 and the placement plate 662 is an inclined surface.
As shown in fig. 7, the hydraulic straightener comprises a vertical hydraulic machine 51, a straightener 52; the vertical hydraulic press 51 is in the prior art, a workbench 511 and a machine head 512 which can stretch in the vertical direction are arranged on the hydraulic press body, the straightening device 52 is centrally fixed on the workbench 511, the machine head 512 is centrally fixed on the hydraulic press, and the axis of the machine head 512 is perpendicular to the surface of the workbench 511.
As shown in fig. 8, the straightening device 52 includes a second base 521, at least two workpiece holders 522 disposed on the second base 521, and a dial indicator detecting device 523; the second base 521 is fixed on the workbench 511; the workpiece seats 522 are arranged in pairs and slidably fixed on the second base 521, and the dial indicator detection device 523 is arranged on one side of the second base 521; the dial indicator detection device 523 comprises a dial indicator 5231, a dial indicator frame 5232 for fixing the dial indicator and a dial indicator rod 5233 for fixing the dial indicator, wherein the dial indicator frame 5232 is vertically erected on one side of the second base 521, and the dial indicator rod 5233 of the dial indicator is vertical to the dial indicator frame 5232; when in operation, the position of the gauge rod 5233 is lower than the measured piece, the axis of the gauge rod 5233 is vertical to the axis of the measured piece, and the axis of the gauge rod 5233 is vertical to the axis of the machine head 512.
The second base 521 is welded to the table 511. The second base 521 is centrally provided with a through chute 5211. The chute 5211 is inverted T-shaped. The work piece holder 522 includes a slide holder 5221 and a mount 5222. The sliding seat 5221 is provided with two circular holes 52211 for locking, and the two circular holes 52211 are symmetrically arranged. The top end of the placement frame 5222 is provided with a V-shaped groove 52221, the notch faces upwards, and the angle range is 60-120 degrees. The dial indicator detection device 523 further comprises a measuring head 5234, and the measuring head 5234 is provided with a blocking piece 5235 for reducing burrs from entering the dial indicator. The baffle is round or oval cut from soft materials.
The invention also provides a processing method of the wedge cross rolling piece, which comprises the following steps:
(11) Material inspection, at which the material is inspected using an inspection tool;
(12) Discharging, and decomposing a workpiece by using a sawing machine;
(13) Heating, namely heating a workpiece by using an intermediate frequency heating furnace;
(14) Rolling forming, namely rolling forming by using a cross wedge rolling mill, placing the cross wedge rolling mill on a cooling and transporting device for cooling and transporting the cross wedge rolling mill to a sawing machine for removing a stub bar;
(15) Straightening is carried out by using a hydraulic straightening machine.
The inspection tool used in the first step comprises a stokehold spectrum analyzer, an acid etching visual inspection, a Brinell hardness tester, a microscope and an ultrasonic flaw detector.
The invention has the following specific working processes:
when the sawing machine is disassembled, as shown in fig. 4, the first clamping piece 22 is fixed on the machine body, the clamping screw rod penetrates through the inner hole of the hydraulic clamping cylinder, the second clamping piece 23 is connected with the screw rod to horizontally move along the guide rail at the workbench 21, and when the second clamping piece 23 is separated from the workpiece 10-30MM, the clamping mechanism is operated to clamp the workpiece. At this time, the intersection line of the first positioning block 25, the second positioning block 26 and the outer circumferential surface of the workpiece 29 is coincident with the intersection line of the horizontal plane where the central axis of the workpiece 29 is located and the outer circumferential surface, so as to limit the horizontal swing of the workpiece 29; the intersection line of the outer circumferential surface of the workpiece 29 of the third positioning block 27 and the fourth positioning block 28 coincides with the intersection line of the vertical surface where the central axis of the workpiece 29 is located and the outer circumferential surface, so as to limit the vertical swing and the axial movement of the workpiece 29. The central axis of the entire shaft is on a horizontal line due to the third positioning block 27.
When the cross wedge rolling mill rolls, the locating plate assembly 41 is arranged on the cross wedge rolling mill by utilizing the waist hole, the distance is adjusted to be between the upper wedge die 43 and the lower wedge die 43, the wedge rolling mill is started (as shown in figure 6), the locating plate assembly 41 can limit the position of the workpiece 42, the curvature radius of the arc 411 at the end part of the locating plate is consistent with that of the workpiece 42, the workpiece 42 is prevented from deviating when the workpiece rotates better, and the fillet 412 of the locating plate is prevented from scratching the workpiece 42 by the sharp corner.
When the hydraulic machine straightener is used for straightening, parts are placed on the V-shaped grooves 52221 of the two placing frames 5222, shafts are horizontally placed due to the two-point one-line, the position of the gauge rod 5233 is lower than that of a measured piece, and the axis of the gauge rod 5233 is perpendicular to that of the measured piece. The middle position of the measured piece is measured by the measuring head 5234 of the dial indicator detection device 523, the measured piece is rotated for a circle, at least four points are selected by the measuring head for measurement, the machine head 512 is driven to straighten the measured piece by using the hydraulic cylinder of the vertical hydraulic machine according to the measurement result, and for convenience of use, the switch 513 of the vertical hydraulic machine 51 is arranged on the ground and can be placed under the foot due to the sitting position of a worker, thereby being convenient to use. Because the measured piece is a blank, some burrs or peels may be generated during the measurement process, in order to ensure the measurement accuracy of the dial indicator detection device 523, a baffle 5235 for reducing burrs from entering the dial indicator is arranged on the measuring head 5234 of the dial indicator detection device 523, so as to ensure the service life of the dial indicator detection device 54.
According to the direction of conveying, the baffle 654 for limiting the movement of the cooling device along the direction of the guide rail 61 is rotated and limited at a position larger than 90 degrees, then the cooling device 66 is placed on the placing frame 65, the limiting plates 663 on the cooling device are clamped between the limiting grooves 611 of the guide rail 61 (as shown in fig. 16), at this time, the cooling device 66 is limited on the placing frame 65 in the running direction of the guide rail 61 or the running direction of the vertical guide rail 61 so as to ensure the stability of conveying, the heated forged forging is stacked on the cooling device 66, the motor is started to drive the transmission mechanism 64, the transmission mechanism drives the transmission piece 642 below the first base 62, the first base 62 drives the placing frame 65 and the cooling device 66, and the four rollers on the first base 62 can reduce the friction of the whole conveying, and then the forging is conveyed to the next procedure. When not in operation, the guard 654 can be rotatably replaced between the first and second brackets 651, 652 (as shown in fig. 17), reducing the likelihood of the guard being damaged.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The processing device of the cross wedge rolling piece is characterized by comprising a material inspection position, a sawing machine, an intermediate frequency induction furnace, a cross wedge rolling machine, a cooling and conveying device and a hydraulic straightening mechanism, wherein the cross wedge rolling piece sequentially passes through;
the sawing machine comprises a base, a machine body, an upright post, a sawing beam, a transmission mechanism, a guide device, a workpiece clamping mechanism, a tensioning device, a feeding frame, a hydraulic transmission system, an electric control system and a lubrication and cooling system, wherein the machine body is provided with a positioning device on a workbench, and the positioning device comprises a first clamping piece, a second clamping piece and a placing plate which are opposite; the first clamping piece is fixed on the workbench; the placing plate comprises a vertical plate and a horizontal plate which are mutually perpendicular, the vertical plate is abutted against the clamping surface of the first clamping piece, the horizontal plate is placed on the workbench, and a first positioning block for limiting the horizontal swing of the workpiece is arranged on the vertical plate; the second clamping piece is slidably arranged on the workbench and is provided with a second positioning block for limiting the horizontal swing of the workpiece; the horizontal plate is provided with a third positioning block for limiting the vertical swing of the workpiece, and the workbench is provided with a fourth positioning block for limiting the movement of the workpiece along the axis;
the cross wedge rolling mill comprises a machine body, a forming part and a transmission mechanism, wherein the forming part consists of an upper roller and a lower roller, a locating plate assembly is arranged between the upper roller and the lower roller, the locating plate assembly is connected with the cross wedge rolling mill in an adjustable manner and is assembled between the upper roller and the lower roller of the cross wedge rolling mill, and one end part of the locating plate assembly is arc and tangent with a workpiece;
the cooling and transporting device comprises a guide rail, a first base, a rolling mechanism, a transmission mechanism and one or more placing racks; the guide rail mirror image is arranged, a limit groove for limiting the cooling device to move in the vertical transportation direction is formed in the top of the guide rail, the placing frame is fixed on the first base, the rolling mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the first base and roll on the guide rail, a transmission mechanism capable of driving the first base to move along the guide rail direction is arranged below the first base, and the placing frame is provided with a baffle which is movable and can limit the cooling device to move along the transportation direction; the cooling device is of an integrated structure and comprises a coaming frame and a placing plate, wherein the placing plate is connected with the inner side of the coaming frame, and a plurality of holes are uniformly arranged on the placing plate; a limiting plate used for being placed on the conveying device is arranged below the coaming frame in the middle, and the limiting plate and the coaming frame are integrally formed; the distance between the limit grooves is equal to or greater than the length of the limit plate;
the cooling device is of a symmetrical structure, the coaming frame is a rectangular frame surrounded by four plates, the outer corners of the coaming frame are fillets, the top surface of the placement plate is lower than the top surface of the coaming frame, the number of limiting plates is two, the limiting plates are arranged in a mirror image mode, holes in the placement plate are rectangular holes and/or round holes, the four corners of the rectangular holes are fillets, and the joint of the coaming frame and the placement plate is an inclined surface;
the hydraulic straightening mechanism comprises a vertical hydraulic press and a straightening device; the vertical hydraulic machine comprises a machine body, a power system and a hydraulic control system, wherein a workbench and a machine head capable of stretching in the vertical direction are arranged on the machine body, the straightening device is centrally fixed on the workbench, the machine head is centrally fixed on the hydraulic machine, and the axis of the machine head is vertical to the workbench surface; the straightening device comprises a second base, at least two workpiece seats arranged on the second base and a dial indicator detection device; the second base is fixed on the workbench; the workpiece seats are arranged in pairs and can be fixed on the second base in a sliding manner, and the dial indicator detection device is arranged on one side of the second base; the dial indicator detection device further comprises a measuring head, wherein the measuring head is provided with a baffle for reducing burrs from entering the dial indicator; the baffle is round or oval cut by soft materials; the switch of the hydraulic straightening machine is arranged on the ground.
2. The cross wedge rolling piece machining device according to claim 1, wherein the intersection line of the first positioning block and the second positioning block with the outer circumferential surface of the workpiece is coincident with the intersection line of the horizontal plane where the central axis of the workpiece is located with the outer circumferential surface; the intersection line of the third positioning block, the fourth positioning block and the outer circumferential surface of the workpiece is coincident with the intersection line of the vertical surface where the central axis of the workpiece is positioned and the outer circumferential surface;
the workbench is provided with a sliding groove in the horizontal direction, and the second clamping piece is provided with a sliding block which is accommodated in the sliding groove so as to slide in the sliding groove; the first positioning block is a square block and is welded at the end part of the vertical plate; the second positioning block is a square block or a cylinder and further comprises an installation body, wherein the second positioning block is welded on the second clamping piece after being welded on the installation body, and the installation body is welded between the middle part and the tail part of the second clamping piece; the third positioning block is a square block and is welded at the end part on the horizontal plate surface; the fourth positioning block is a square block and welded at the tail part of the horizontal plate surface, and when the workpiece is fixed, the fourth positioning block is positioned at the tail part of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece and is propped against the conical surface; the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece are welded with a plurality of reinforcing ribs.
3. The cross wedge rolling piece machining device according to claim 1, wherein the locating plate assembly is a pair of locating plates and is installed in a mirror image mode, and the circular arc is arranged near one end of the workpiece; the arc curvature of the end part of the positioning plate is larger than or equal to the curvature radius of the workpiece, and the arc is circumscribed with the workpiece; one end of the circular arc is arranged on the positioning plate, and chamfers are arranged at the intersections of the circular arc and the upper surface and the lower surface of the positioning plate; the other end of the locating plate is provided with a waist-shaped hole for adjusting the installation position.
4. The processing device of the cross wedge rolling piece according to claim 1, wherein the guide rail is two strip-shaped rectangular plates which are arranged in parallel, a mirror image L-shaped limit groove is formed in the top end of the guide rail, a mirror image roller groove for realizing rolling of the rolling mechanism is formed in the guide rail, and the roller groove is a rectangular groove with one surface open; the rolling mechanism is four rollers, the first base is of a rectangular frame structure, and the four rollers are respectively arranged at four corners of the first base.
5. The cross wedge rolling piece machining device according to claim 1, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises a plurality of driving gears, driven gears and chains, the driving gears are connected with the driven gears through the chains, and the transmission piece matched with the transmission mechanism is welded below the first base; the number of the chains is two, and the number of the transmission parts is two; the transmission part is a gear strip and/or a plurality of welding blocks;
the two placing frames are symmetrically placed, each placing frame comprises a first support, a second support, a limiting mechanism and two baffles, each placing frame is welded on the first base, and the baffles are assembled between the two ends of the first support and the two ends of the second support and limited at the end parts of the limiting structures, wherein the lowest end of each baffle is lower than the top surface of the bottom plate;
the limiting mechanism is a limiting bottom plate, the first bracket and the second bracket are vertically welded at two ends of the top surface of the limiting bottom plate in parallel, and the length of the limiting bottom plate is smaller than that of the first bracket and the second bracket;
or, the limiting mechanism is two limiting blocks, the first bracket and the second bracket are vertically welded on the first base in parallel, the limiting blocks are welded on the bottom surfaces of the two ends of the first bracket and the second bracket, and when the limiting blocks are limited at the limiting blocks, the lowest end of the baffle is lower than the top surface of the limiting block;
still include the installation axle, gasket and cotter, the baffle is sword form structure and opens there is first mounting hole, the aperture has been seted up to the installation axle, first support and second support are the rectangular plate that two angles in top were cut off, and the second mounting hole that runs through has been seted up at both ends, the baffle passes first mounting hole and second mounting hole through the installation axle, utilizes gasket and cotter to be assembled between first support and second support.
6. The cross wedge rolling piece machining device according to claim 1, wherein the dial indicator detection device comprises a dial indicator, a dial indicator frame and a dial indicator rod, wherein the dial indicator frame is used for fixing the dial indicator, the dial indicator frame is vertically erected on one side of the second base, and the dial indicator rod is perpendicular to the dial indicator frame; when the device works, the position of the gauge rod is lower than that of the measured piece, the axis of the gauge rod is perpendicular to that of the measured piece, and the axis of the gauge rod is perpendicular to that of the machine head.
7. The cross wedge rolling piece machining device according to claim 1, wherein the second base is welded on the workbench; a through chute is formed in the middle of the second base; the sliding groove is in an inverted T shape; the workpiece seat comprises a sliding seat and a placing frame; the sliding seat is provided with two circular holes for locking, and the two circular holes are symmetrically arranged; the top end of the placing frame is provided with a V-shaped groove, the notch faces upwards, and the angle range is 60-120 degrees.
8. A method for processing a wedge cross rolling member using the wedge cross rolling member processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
(1) Material inspection, at which the material is inspected using an inspection tool;
(2) Discharging, and decomposing a workpiece by using a sawing machine;
(3) Heating, namely heating a workpiece by using an intermediate frequency heating furnace;
(4) Rolling forming, namely rolling forming by using a cross wedge rolling mill, placing the cross wedge rolling mill on a cooling and transporting device for cooling and transporting the cross wedge rolling mill to a sawing machine for removing a stub bar;
(5) Straightening is carried out by using a hydraulic straightening machine.
9. A method of processing a wedge cross-rolling member in accordance with claim 8, wherein said inspection tool comprises a stokehold spectrum analyzer, acid etch visualization, brinell hardness tester, microscope, ultrasonic flaw detector.
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| CN201710677200.4A CN107671140B (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2017-08-09 | Machining device and method for cross wedge rolling piece |
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| CN201710677200.4A CN107671140B (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2017-08-09 | Machining device and method for cross wedge rolling piece |
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| CN107671140B true CN107671140B (en) | 2023-12-22 |
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| CN110749512A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-04 | 长春大学 | Upsetting shearing and straightening testing machine |
| CN113275414B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2023-03-24 | 德州普利森机床有限公司 | Surface quenching and automatic straightening process and device for large-diameter long-specification boring rod |
| CN116550912B (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-10-03 | 邯郸峰驰精密制造有限公司 | Automatic blanking-cutting head-thermal straightening all-in-one system for heavy-duty shaft wedge cross rolling |
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| CN107671140A (en) | 2018-02-09 |
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