CN107663328B - Preparation method of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant material cooperatively filled with carbon fibers and silicon dioxide nanospheres - Google Patents

Preparation method of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant material cooperatively filled with carbon fibers and silicon dioxide nanospheres Download PDF

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CN107663328B
CN107663328B CN201710950288.2A CN201710950288A CN107663328B CN 107663328 B CN107663328 B CN 107663328B CN 201710950288 A CN201710950288 A CN 201710950288A CN 107663328 B CN107663328 B CN 107663328B
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carbon fibers
weight polyethylene
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silicon dioxide
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CN107663328A (en
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石国军
冯春亮
曹臻
颜笑天
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Yangzhou University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
    • C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
    • C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
    • C08K7/06—Elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/16—Solid spheres
    • C08K7/18—Solid spheres inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
    • C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
    • C08K2201/004—Additives being defined by their length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
    • C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
    • C08L2207/068—Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene

Abstract

A preparation method of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant material cooperatively filled with carbon fibers and silicon dioxide nanospheres relates to the field of nano tribology, in particular to the dispersion of a nano material in high molecular resin and the tribological performance of the nano material. Firstly, modifying carbon fibers with nitric acid to obtain nitric acid modified carbon fibers; then, carrying out in-situ loading of silica nanospheres on the surface of the nitric acid modified carbon fiber by a sol-gel method to obtain a composite filler of the silica nanospheres and the carbon fiber, and carrying out surface coupling treatment to obtain a coupled composite filler; and finally, mixing the coupled composite filler with the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, and performing hot pressing and vulcanization treatment to obtain the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant material cooperatively filled with the carbon fibers and the silicon dioxide nanospheres. The composite material has good mechanical property, frictional wear resistance, mortar wear resistance and machine shaping capability.

Description

Preparation method of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant material cooperatively filled with carbon fibers and silicon dioxide nanospheres
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nano tribology, in particular to the dispersion of a nano material in high polymer resin and the tribological performance of the nano material.
Background
Physical filling modification is a polymer modification method which is simplest and easiest to realize industrialization. One or more fillers and a polymer are uniformly mixed in a certain dispersion mode, and inorganic fillers such as silicon dioxide, fibers, molybdenum disulfide, copper powder and the like are usually adopted as a reinforcing phase to improve the mechanical property, the tribology and other properties of the polymer. The inorganic fillers can be generally used as nucleating agents of matrix materials, so that macromolecular chains are crystallized around the inorganic fillers, the interface adhesion is enhanced, when the composite material is subjected to external force, the interface can transfer stress to the inorganic fillers, the inorganic fillers play a role in supporting a structure, the defects of the matrix materials are improved and overcome, and the composite material with required mechanical and tribological properties is obtained by utilizing a composite effect. The following principles are followed in selecting the filler: the filler must be able to accept the molding temperature of the matrix material; the filler can improve other properties of the polymer material such as mechanical property, tribology, thermal property and the like; the filler material is not capable of chemically reacting with the matrix material or with the contacting metal or fluid medium, etc.
The filler adopted by filling modification has a large size, and the size range is about 10-100 mu m. The rigid filler acts as a physical filling point in the polymer, restricting the movement of the molecular segments and reducing the toughness of the matrix material. Although the micron-sized filler has good dispersibility in the polymer, the micron-sized filler has larger size, the organic-inorganic interface bonding force between the polymer and the filler is not strong, and certain defects exist between the polymer and the filler, so that the tensile strength of the material is reduced. Meanwhile, the optimal filling amount of the micron-sized filler is generally 10-20%, the consumption amount of the filler is large, and the production cost is increased.
The nano particles have surface effect, small size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, so that the nano particles can play a synergistic role of all components when being compounded with the polymer, and the strength, toughness and other properties of the polymer material can be obviously improved by only adding a small amount of nano particles, the use of raw materials is reduced, and the cost is reduced. However, since the surface energy of the nanoparticles is high, the nanoparticles are directly dispersed in the matrix by a simple mixing and filling method, and the phenomenon of mutual adsorption and agglomeration of the nanoparticles occurs. Therefore, developing a filling method capable of highly dispersing nano-sized fillers in a polymer matrix is crucial to nanomaterial-reinforced polymers.
The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a linear polyethylene with a structure similar to that of common polyethylene, has a molecular weight of more than 150 ten thousand and at most more than 1000 ten thousand, and is a thermoplastic engineering plastic with excellent comprehensive performance. The finished product has excellent chemical corrosion and swelling resistance, impact resistance, low temperature resistance and lower friction coefficient. However, UHMWPE has poor heat resistance, low hardness and poor wear resistance of wear particles. Generally, inorganic particles or fibers with higher elastic modulus are used for filling UHMWPE to obtain a composite material with more excellent temperature resistance and friction performance.
Carbon Fibers (CF) used in the filler modification of polymer resins are generally classified into continuous carbon fibers and chopped carbon fibers (SCF). The SCF is a high-performance fiber material with micron-sized dimensions, and can be well dispersed in a high-molecular resin by ordinary mechanical blending or melt blending. The CF has the advantages of high tensile strength, large elastic modulus, small thermal expansion coefficient, small friction coefficient and the like, and simultaneously, the CF and most of high polymer materials have good interface interaction, so the CF is commonly used as a filler of the high polymer materials to enhance the mechanical property and the tribological property of the CF.
Silicon dioxide (SiO)2) The white powder is nontoxic, tasteless and pollution-free, has wide sources, low price, high strength and stable chemical properties, has excellent performances of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the like, and is concerned in the field of materials. With the development of nano science, nano SiO2The particles are a member of the nanometer material family and have important significance for the development of the nanometer materials. The scholars will use the nano SiO2Filling modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to prepare an UHMWPE composite material, and comparing with pure UHMWPE, the wear surface of the pure UHMWPE shows a large number of signs of adhesive deformation and fatigue crack, while nano SiO2The filling of (A) obviously improves the frictional wear performance of the composite material, and only a small amount of furrows exist on the wear surface of the composite material. Nano SiO2The particle reinforcing effect is obvious.
However, the above-mentioned nano SiO2Nano SiO in particle reinforced UHMWPE composite material2The filling amount of the particles reaches 15 percent, which is contrary to the small amount principle of the nano particles, and shows that the nano SiO2The particles are seriously agglomerated in the composite material, and the reinforcing effect is not obvious.
It is very difficult to fill the nano-sized SNS with the polymer material by a general method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant material cooperatively filled with carbon fibers and silicon dioxide nanospheres.
The invention comprises the following steps:
1) the Carbon Fiber (CF) is modified by nitric acid to obtain nitric acid modified Carbon Fiber (CFN).
The carbon fiber surface is rich in a large amount of lipophilic groups, and the lipophilic groups can be hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed when the carbon fiber surface is immersed in a nitric acid solution, so that the lipophilicity of the CF surface is reduced, the hydrophilic performance is improved, and the generation and the growth of hydrophilic nano silicon dioxide spheres with the surfaces rich in hydroxyl groups are facilitated.
2) And (2) taking tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a silicon source, and loading Silica Nanospheres (SNS) on the surface of the nitric acid modified Carbon Fiber (CFN) in situ by a sol-gel method to prepare the composite filler (SNS/CFN) of the silica nanospheres and the carbon fiber.
Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is used as a raw material, and the process of preparing the SNS by utilizing the sol-gel technology mainly comprises three steps of TEOS hydrolysis, formation of Si-O-Si bonds by dehydration among hydrolysis products and formation of gel, and finally, nano-sized silicon dioxide spheres are formed on the surface of carbon fibers.
3) And carrying out surface coupling treatment on the composite filler (SNS/CFN) of the silica nanospheres and the carbon fibers to obtain the composite filler (SNS/CF) after coupling treatment.
The polarity of the surface of the SNS/CFN subjected to coupling treatment is changed from hydrophilic to lipophilic, and the surface of the matrix material (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) is mainly nonpolar (lipophilic), so that the SNS/CF subjected to coupling treatment can be more uniformly dispersed in the matrix material.
4) And mixing the coupled composite filler (SNS/CF) with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with the viscosity-average molecular weight of 3,000,000-6,000,000, and carrying out hot pressing and vulcanization treatment to obtain the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant material with the carbon fiber and the silicon dioxide nanosphere cooperatively filled.
The wear resistance of the matrix material ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is related to the viscosity-average molecular weight. In general, the larger the molecular weight, the higher the abrasion resistance, but the smaller the molecular weight, the better, and the higher the molecular weight, the more difficult the processing of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. Experimental results show that the wear-resisting friction and wear-resisting performance of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material with the molecular weight of 300-600 ten thousand adopted by the invention is excellent under the test conditions, and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material is easy to machine and form.
According to the invention, the nanoscale Silica Nanospheres (SNS) are loaded on the micron-sized Carbon Fibers (CF) firstly, so that the compounding of the zero-dimensional Silica Nanospheres (SNS) and the one-dimensional Carbon Fibers (CF) is realized, and then the prepared composite filler (SNS/CFN) of the silica nanospheres and the carbon fibers is subjected to surface treatment and then dispersed in the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, so that the high dispersion of the nanoscale Silica Nanospheres (SNS) in the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and the cooperative filling of the Silica Nanospheres (SNS) and the Carbon Fibers (CF) in the high molecular material are realized.
The invention not only solves the dispersion problem of the nano-scale silicon dioxide nanospheres (SNS), but also can change sliding friction into rolling friction in the friction and wear process of the silicon dioxide nanospheres (SNS) beads to play a role of 'ball bearings' among the friction surface, the Carbon Fibers (CF) and the matrix resin, thereby improving the friction and wear performance of the material.
On the basis of analyzing the mechanism of friction and wear and the research progress of wear-resistant materials, the invention develops the composite material with excellent friction performance. The material can be formed by die pressing or sintering, has certain toughness, can have good matching property with steel, can be tightly attached to the inner/outer surface of the steel under the use condition, does not bulge and fall off, and has good wear resistance and high-temperature (80 ℃) mortar wear resistance under the use condition.
The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite material obtained by the invention has the following advantages: (1) better mechanical property; (2) good friction and wear resistance; (3) good mortar wear performance; (4) good processing and forming capability.
Further, in the step 1), dilute nitric acid with a concentration of 5-50 wt.% and carbon fiber are mixed, reaction is carried out at 25-80 ℃, and a reaction product is washed to be neutral and then dried to obtain nitric acid modified Carbon Fiber (CFN); the Carbon Fibers (CF) are chopped carbon fibers with the diameter of 1-10 mu m and the length of 10-60 mu m; the mixing volume ratio of the dilute nitric acid to the carbon fiber is 2-10: 1. After the short carbon fiber is treated by nitric acid, the surface hydrophilicity is greatly improved, and the loading of SNS is facilitated.
The load mass of the silica nanospheres in the composite filler (SNS/CFN) of the silica nanospheres and the carbon fibers is 1-20%. Too low a loading quality, such as SNS, results in a lower amount of SNS on the CF surface and the UHMWPE composite prepared after filling thereof has a limited degree of improvement in tribological properties. However, SNS with too high mass fraction can cause the SNS to agglomerate on the surface of CF, and the defect of the UHMWPE composite material prepared by filling the SNS is increased, stress is concentrated, so that the mechanical property and the tribological property are seriously reduced. Therefore, the SNS content at the CF surface has an optimum value.
In the step 2), dissolving the nitric acid modified Carbon Fiber (CFN) in a solvent (ethanol solution), stirring and mixing with tetraethyl orthosilicate, then dropwise adding a catalyst (ammonia water solution) for reaction, and drying a solid obtained by the reaction at 80 ℃ to obtain the composite filler (SNS/CFN) of the silicon dioxide nanosphere and the carbon fiber. The solvent adopted by the invention is ethanol, the silicon source is tetraethoxysilane, the catalyst is ammonia water, and the balance is water. Ammonia water is selected as a catalyst to hydrolyze tetraethyl orthosilicate, and SiO can be effectively controlled under the specific conditions2To make it spherical.
In the step 3), dispersing the composite filler (SNS/CFN) of the silicon dioxide nanospheres and the carbon fibers in an acetone solution of a coupling agent (KH-560), mechanically stirring, and drying at 40-80 ℃ after acetone is evaporated to obtain the composite filler (SNS/CF) after coupling treatment. The lipophilicity of the surface of the coupled SNS/CFN composite filler is improved, the dispersion of the filler in UHMWPE is facilitated, and the interaction between the filler and a matrix is improved.
The mixing mass ratio of the coupling agent (KH-560) to the composite filler (SNS/CFN) of the silica nanospheres and the carbon fibers is 0.5-2.0: 100. Under the condition, the coupling agent is kept to be completely and uniformly dispersed on the surface of the inorganic SNS/CFN, and the waste of excessive coupling agent is avoided.
In the step 4), the composite filler (SNS/CF) after coupling treatment and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are mixed in a mechanical high-speed stirring device with the rotating speed of 100-500 r/min to obtain mixed powder, and the mixed powder is hot-pressed on a hydraulic machine and then is cold-pressed and molded on a flat vulcanizing machine. The mechanical mixing method is not only simple and convenient to operate, but also can fully disperse the composite filler in the UHMWPE to achieve the effects of filling reinforcement, wear resistance and friction reduction.
The temperature during hot pressing is 170-240 ℃, and the pressure is 10-20 MPa; the temperature during cold pressing is 20-60 ℃, the pressure is 5-10 MPa, and the obtained sample has higher friction and wear resistance and mechanical property.
The cold pressing temperature of the plate vulcanizing machine is 20-60 ℃, and the pressure is 5-10 MPa. The sample prepared by the test under the conditions of 20-60 ℃ and 5-10 MPa has higher frictional wear resistance and mechanical property, and the molding shrinkage deformation of the sample is smaller.
In addition, the mixing mass ratio of the composite filler (SNS/CF) after coupling treatment to the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is 1-5: 100. Under the condition, the wear-resistant material with the filling amount of the silicon dioxide nanosphere and the carbon fiber composite filler being 1-5% can be obtained. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is used as a matrix material, and the carbon fibers can be well dispersed in the matrix material, so that the effects of filling and reinforcing the matrix material and improving the wear-resistant and friction-reducing capabilities are achieved. The test result shows that a small amount of carbon fibers improve the mechanical property, the wear resistance and the antifriction property of the matrix material and the mortar wear property to a certain extent, while too much inorganic filler can block the connection between the matrix materials, and all indexes are obviously reduced.
Detailed Description
Firstly, a preparation process:
example 1
1. Placing Carbon Fibers (CF) with the diameter of 1-10 microns and the length of 10-60 microns in a beaker, adding 5-50 wt.% nitric acid aqueous solution, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at 25-80 ℃, performing suction filtration after the reaction is finished, washing a solid phase with deionized water and alcohol for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the nitric acid modified Carbon Fibers (CFN).
The mixing volume ratio of the nitric acid aqueous solution to the carbon fiber is 2-10: 1.
2. Weighing 52 g of nitric acid modified Carbon Fiber (CFN) into a 500 mL round-bottom flask, weighing 150 mL of ethanol by using a measuring cylinder, adding into the flask, magnetically stirring at 40 ℃ in a water bath to dissolve the nitric acid modified Carbon Fiber (CFN) into the ethanol solution, adding 18g of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and continuing stirring for 5 min. The ammonia solution was slowly added dropwise to the flask (about 4-5 s per drop) and the timer was started. And (4) after the dropwise addition is finished, taking down the constant-pressure funnel, and continuing the reaction until 5 h is finished. And after the reaction is finished, performing suction filtration, washing with deionized water and alcohol for 2-3 times respectively, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ to obtain the composite filler (SNS/CFN) of the silicon dioxide nanospheres and the carbon fibers.
3. Dispersing the composite filler (SNS/CFN) of the silicon dioxide nanospheres and the carbon fibers in an acetone solution of a coupling agent (KH-560), mechanically stirring, evaporating acetone, and drying at 40-80 ℃ to obtain the composite filler (SNS/CF) after coupling treatment.
Wherein the mixing mass ratio of the coupling agent (KH-560) to the composite filler (SNS/CFN) of the silica nanospheres and the carbon fibers is 0.5-2.0: 100.
4. And (3) mixing 2.6g of the composite filler (SNS/CF) subjected to coupling treatment and 130g of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (with the molecular weight of 3,000,000-6,000,000) in a high-speed mixer at 100-500 rpm for 5min to obtain a mixture.
And (2) carrying out hot pressing on the mixture on a hydraulic press, then carrying out cold pressing on the mixture on a flat vulcanizing machine to form a sheet, setting the working temperature of the hydraulic press during sheet pressing to be 190 ℃, preheating for 15min, pressing for 10min under the pressure of 10MPa, and then carrying out cold pressing on the flat vulcanizing machine at the working temperature of 25 ℃ and the pressure of 10MPa for 5min at room temperature to obtain the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant material cooperatively filled with the flaky carbon fibers and the silicon dioxide nanospheres. The main properties of this material are shown in table 1.
Example 2
Steps 1-3 are as described above.
2.6g of the prepared composite filler (SNS/CF) after coupling treatment and 130g of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (with the molecular weight of 3,000,000-16,000,000) are mixed in a high-speed mixer for 5min to obtain a mixture.
And tabletting the mixture on a hydraulic press, setting the working temperature of the hydraulic press during tabletting to be 190 ℃, preheating for 15min, pressing for 10min under the pressure of 10MPa, and cold-pressing for 5min at room temperature on a flat vulcanizing machine under the working temperature of 60 ℃ and the pressure of 10MPa to obtain the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant material cooperatively filled with the flaky carbon fibers and the silicon dioxide nanospheres. The main properties of this material are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
Taking 2.6g of Carbon Fiber (CF) with the diameter of 1-10 mu m and the length of 10-60 mu m, directly mixing with 130g of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (with the molecular weight of 3,000,000-16,000,000) in a high-speed mixer for 5min to obtain a mixture. And tabletting the mixture on a hydraulic press, setting the working temperature of the hydraulic press during tabletting to be 190 ℃, preheating for 15min, pressing for 10min under the pressure of 10MPa, and cold-pressing for 5min on a flat vulcanizing machine at the working temperature of 60 ℃ and the pressure of 10MPa at room temperature to obtain the flaky material. The main properties of this material are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
Taking 100g of pure ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (molecular weight is 6,000,000-10,000,000) to directly perform tabletting at 190 ℃ of the working temperature of a hydraulic press, setting the tabletting temperature to be 190 ℃, preheating for 15min, pressing for 10min under 10MPa, and cold pressing for 5min at room temperature on a flat vulcanizing machine at 25 ℃ and 10MPa to obtain the flaky material. The main properties of the pure ultra high molecular weight polyethylene are shown in table 1.
Secondly, comparing the basic performance test results of the materials:
TABLE 1 basic Properties of the materials
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
As can be seen from the table, after the coupled SNS/CF and other materials are used for modifying the optimized ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, the obtained modified ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene composite material has the advantages of enhanced mechanical property, increased glass transition temperature, reduced friction coefficient and reduced abrasion. The modified sample also has a smaller thermal expansion coefficient, and is beneficial to the use of the steel-plastic composite pipe (piece).

Claims (8)

1. The preparation method of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant material cooperatively filled with the carbon fibers and the silicon dioxide nanospheres is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) mixing dilute nitric acid with the concentration of 5-50 wt.% and carbon fiber, reacting at 25-80 ℃, washing a reaction product to be neutral, and drying to obtain nitric acid modified carbon fiber; the carbon fibers are chopped carbon fibers with the diameter of 1-10 mu m and the length of 10-60 mu m; the mixing volume ratio of the dilute nitric acid to the carbon fiber is 2-10: 1;
2) taking tetraethyl orthosilicate as a silicon source, dissolving nitric acid modified carbon fiber in an ethanol solution by adopting a sol-gel method, then stirring and mixing the carbon fiber with the tetraethyl orthosilicate, then dropwise adding an ammonia water solution for reaction, and drying a solid obtained by the reaction at 80 ℃ to prepare a composite filler of silicon dioxide nanospheres and carbon fiber;
3) carrying out surface coupling treatment on the composite filler of the silicon dioxide nanospheres and the carbon fibers to obtain the composite filler after the coupling treatment;
4) and mixing the coupled composite filler with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with the viscosity-average molecular weight of 3,000,000-6,000,000, and then carrying out hot pressing and vulcanization treatment to obtain the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant material cooperatively filled with the carbon fiber and the silicon dioxide nanospheres.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the load mass of the silica nanospheres in the composite filler of the silica nanospheres and the carbon fibers is 1-20%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and in the step 3), dispersing the composite filler of the silicon dioxide nanospheres and the carbon fibers in an acetone solution of a coupling agent KH-560, mechanically stirring, evaporating the acetone, and drying at 40-80 ℃ to obtain the composite filler after coupling treatment.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: the mixing mass ratio of the coupling agent KH-560 to the composite filler of the silica nanospheres and the carbon fibers is 0.5-2.0: 100.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), the coupled composite filler and the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene are mixed in a mechanical high-speed stirring device at the rotating speed of 100-500 rpm to obtain mixed powder, and the mixed powder is hot-pressed on a hydraulic machine and then is cold-pressed and molded on a flat vulcanizing machine.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: the temperature during hot pressing is 170-240 ℃, and the pressure is 10-20 MPa; the temperature during cold pressing is 20-60 ℃, and the pressure is 5-10 MPa.
7. The production method according to claim 1, 5 or 6, characterized in that: the mixing mass ratio of the coupled composite filler to the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene is 1-5: 100.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: the mixing mass ratio of the coupled composite filler to the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene is 2: 100.
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