CN107658904B - Impedance self-adaptive power decoupling control method considering virtual synchronous machine power angle influence - Google Patents

Impedance self-adaptive power decoupling control method considering virtual synchronous machine power angle influence Download PDF

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CN107658904B
CN107658904B CN201711040473.4A CN201711040473A CN107658904B CN 107658904 B CN107658904 B CN 107658904B CN 201711040473 A CN201711040473 A CN 201711040473A CN 107658904 B CN107658904 B CN 107658904B
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屈子森
杨欢
董宁波
蔡云旖
郑太英
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • H02J3/382
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of distributed power generation, and aims to provide an impedance self-adaptive power decoupling control method considering the influence of a power angle of a virtual synchronizer. The method comprises the following steps: estimating the fluctuation quantity delta of the power angle by using the output active power of the virtual synchronous machine, and then calculating the virtual resistance value R of the virtual impedancevAnd a virtual inductive reactance value Xv(ii) a Then the virtual impedance value RvAnd LvIs added to the inverter voltage control loop to obtain a given voltage value EO *As a given signal of the inner loop voltage control loop, the output signal of the final inner loop control is used as a control signal of the inverter, and the inner loop is a double closed loop control of the voltage and the current. The invention considers the power coupling problem caused by the increase of the power angle, and automatically changes the virtual impedance value when the output power angle fluctuates, thereby realizing the power decoupling of the virtual synchronous machine. The influence of a power angle, namely an active power loop, on a reactive power control loop can be eliminated, and the control method has stable, accurate and excellent control effect.

Description

Impedance self-adaptive power decoupling control method considering virtual synchronous machine power angle influence
Technical Field
The invention relates to an impedance self-adaption power decoupling control method considering the influence of a power angle of a virtual synchronizer, and belongs to the field of electrical engineering and distributed power generation.
Background
After the new century, the global energy shortage and the environmental problem become more serious, and under the background, renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic energy, wind energy and the like are widely researched and developed. However, as the permeability of distributed energy increases, the installed proportion of synchronous generators in the power system relatively decreases, and more seriously, the use of a large number of power electronic converters makes the system lack sufficient inertia and damping, and the stability of the power system is challenged, so that the virtual synchronous machine technology comes up.
In the control of the distributed power supply, a droop control strategy for simulating P-f and Q-U characteristic curves of a synchronous generator in a power grid is the most common, but the droop control strategy does not consider inertia characteristics of a generator rotor, and the transient response speed is too high, so that sufficient guarantee cannot be provided for maintaining the stability of the power grid. The core of the virtual synchronous machine is that inertia and damping support are provided for the system through simulating a synchronous motor rotor equation, and reactive-voltage control is assisted, so that the distributed power supply has good frequency and voltage supporting and adjusting functions. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the friendly characteristics of the distributed power supply, the virtual synchronous machine control instead of the droop control in the microgrid has more advantages, and a plurality of expert and scholars also make a lot of relevant researches. However, both the virtual synchronous machine control technology and the droop control technology encounter power coupling problems, and it is generally assumed in the analysis process that the equivalent impedance of the power transmission line between the output voltage of the converter and the voltage of the grid-connected point is pure inductive or pure resistive. However, in practice, the microgrid line is resistive, and both resistive components and inductive components are not negligible, so that coupling of active power and reactive power is caused, and control performance is affected.
In order to realize the independent control of the active power and the reactive power of the distributed power supply, the existing control mode is to realize a virtual power control strategy by introducing a transformation matrix related to the line impedance, and the control strategy is essentially to eliminate the power coupling of a control loop, while the actual active power and the reactive power are still coupled. Inspired by virtual power control, virtual frequency and virtual voltage can be introduced by means of a transformation matrix to achieve power decoupling. Another mainstream method for power decoupling control is a virtual impedance technology, and the impedance-inductance ratio of system impedance is changed in a virtual inductance, virtual resistance, virtual negative impedance and other ways to achieve the purpose of decoupling.
However, most of the research including the above description neglects the influence of the power angle (i.e. the included angle between the output voltage of the distributed power supply and the voltage of the grid-connected point) on the power coupling, and there is a few literature discussing the influence of the power angle on the power coupling. The virtual synchronous machine has the frequency self-adjusting capability, when the given power of the inverter is increased or the frequency of a power grid connected with the virtual synchronous machine is reduced, the output frequency of the virtual synchronous machine responds to a time constant related to the inertia of a virtual rotor, the power angle is enlarged, the reactive power is affected, and the power coupling condition is more serious along with the enlargement of the power angle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the power angle can cause the coupling influence of active power on reactive power when a virtual synchronous machine is connected to a grid, and provides an impedance adaptive power decoupling control method considering the influence of the power angle of the virtual synchronous machine.
In order to solve the problems, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a three-phase inverter circuit of a distributed power supply, a direct current side is formed by connecting a clean energy source or an energy storage device in parallel with a capacitor, and an alternating current side is connected with a filter in back and is connected with a power grid through a line; defining an included angle between an output voltage E of the inverter and a power grid voltage U as a power angle, and compensating the influence of the power angle on a reactive power control loop by adjusting a virtual impedance value in real time to realize power decoupling; wherein the virtual impedance comprises a virtual resistance RvAnd a virtual inductance LvVirtual inductance LvCorresponding X for virtual inductive reactancevRepresents;
the control method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) output active power P using virtual synchronous machineeEstimating the fluctuation amount delta of the power angle:
Figure GDA0002525811080000021
in the formula, P00Outputting power and a power angle for a steady-state working point of the virtual synchronous machine; kcorDetermining the ratio of the output power of the steady-state working point to the power angle as a proportionality coefficient;
(2) calculating a virtual resistance value R of the virtual impedance by using the power angle fluctuation quantity delta obtained in the step (1)vAnd virtual senseResistance value Xv
Figure GDA0002525811080000022
In the formula, X0、R0Respectively the total system inductive reactance and the resistance value of the steady-state working point;
KConstis a constant value related to the steady-state operating point, consisting of a steady-state component theta of the impedance angle theta of the virtual synchronous machine0And steady state component of power angle0Determining:
Figure GDA0002525811080000023
(3) the virtual impedance value RvAnd LvAnd adding the voltage drop to an inverter voltage control loop, namely subtracting the voltage drop on the virtual impedance from the reference potential to serve as a reference value for controlling the inner loop voltage loop, wherein a specific expression in a complex plane is as follows:
EO *(s)=Er(s)-(RV+sLV)·I(s)
in the formula, EO *(s) is the calculated given value of the voltage control loop; er(s) is a reference potential obtained by a superior virtual synchronous machine control loop; i(s) is the actual grid-connected current.
(4) The voltage obtained in the last step is given to a value EO *(s) as a given signal for the inner loop voltage control loop, and the output signal of the last inner loop control as a control signal for the inverter, and wherein the inner loop is a double closed loop control of voltage and current.
Description of the inventive principles:
in a three-phase inverter circuit of a distributed power supply, a direct current side is formed by connecting a clean energy or an energy storage device in parallel with a capacitor, an alternating current side is connected with a filter in back and is connected to a power grid through a line, an included angle between the output voltage of an inverter and the voltage of the power grid is defined as a power angle, and the influence of the power angle on a reactive power control loop is compensated by adjusting a virtual impedance value in real time, so that power decoupling is realized.
The total system impedance Z comprisesThe impedance angle is theta; wherein the virtual impedance is a virtual resistance RvAnd a virtual inductance LvVirtual inductance LvCorresponding X for virtual inductive reactancevRepresents; the line impedance being a line resistance RgAnd line inductance Lg. The core idea of impedance self-adaption decoupling control considering the influence of the power angle of the virtual synchronous machine is to take the total system impedance angle theta as an indirect variable and take the new influence of the change of theta on the change of reactive power into consideration, and take R asvAnd LvAnd adjusting theta for direct variable adjustment, and then compensating the fluctuation quantity of the power angle in real time by reasonably adjusting the size of theta to remove the influence of the power angle on the reactive power. Meanwhile, the impedance Z is expected to be kept constant as much as possible while the adjustment theta is designed, so that the introduction of a parameter quantity can be reduced, and the problem of voltage drop caused by virtual impedance is avoided.
It should be noted that the inner loop control generally includes a voltage control loop and a current control loop, and the impedance adaptive decoupling control considering the power angle influence of the virtual synchronous machine is only an intermediate link between the virtual synchronous machine control and the voltage control loop.
The method is based on a virtual synchronous machine control strategy, and considers the problems that the power grid frequency is reduced, the power angle is increased due to the given power increase of the inverter, and the active power has coupling influence on the reactive power. The method is suitable for the three-phase inverter circuit of the distributed power supply, the direct current side is formed by connecting a clean energy source or an energy storage device in parallel with a capacitor, the alternating current side is connected with a filter in back, and the filter is connected to the occasion of a power grid through a line.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the impedance self-adaption decoupling control method considering the influence of the power angle of the virtual synchronous machine considers the power coupling problem caused by the fact that the power angle is increased due to the fact that the output power angle of the virtual synchronous machine is reduced in the frequency of a power grid and the given power of an inverter is increased, the size of the virtual impedance value is automatically changed when the output power angle fluctuates, and power decoupling of the virtual synchronous machine is achieved.
2. The invention can eliminate the influence of the power angle, namely the active power loop, on the reactive power control loop, and has stable, accurate and excellent control effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a main circuit diagram of a virtual synchronous machine grid-connected system;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a virtual synchronous machine control strategy;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the power angle and the impedance angle;
fig. 4 is an overall block diagram of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
In the main circuit diagram of the virtual synchronous machine grid-connected system shown in fig. 1, the direct current side is formed by connecting a clean energy or an energy storage device in parallel with a capacitor, and the alternating current side of an inverter is connected with an LC filter and is connected to a power grid through a line. In the figure, the DC side voltage VdcA prime mover portion considered as a virtual synchronous machine; e.g. of the typek(k=a,b,c)、ukRespectively the inverter output voltage and the grid voltage; i.e. isk、ikRespectively outputting current and grid-connected current for the inverter; l, RLAnd C is inductance, inductance parasitic resistance and capacitance of the inverter LC filter respectively; l isgAnd RgThe equivalent inductance and resistance of the power transmission line between the output voltage of the inverter and the voltage of the grid-connected point are represented; i.e. isdq、edqA quantity representing the inverter output current, the inverter output voltage, converted to the dq rotation coordinate system; i.e. isdref、isqrefA command output indicating the voltage loop in dq rotation coordinate system; u. ofod、uoqIndicating the commanded output of the current loop in dq rotating the coordinate system.
The outermost ring of the virtual synchronous machine grid-connected system in fig. 2 is a virtual synchronous machine control strategy, a reference potential and a virtual rotor angle are obtained according to a given power value and actual output power of the virtual synchronous machine, and the adopted virtual synchronous machine control formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0002525811080000041
Er=E0+KQ(Qref-Qe)(2)
in the formula, J and D are respectively moment of inertia and damping coefficient; omega, omega0And delta omega is the rotating frequency of the internal potential of the virtual synchronous machine, the rated frequency and the deviation value of the rotating frequency and the rated frequency; prefIs a reference value for active power; pmAnd PeMechanical power and electromagnetic power (actual output power) of the virtual synchronous machine respectively; t ismAnd TeThe corresponding mechanical torque and electromagnetic torque; kωThe adjustment coefficient is active-frequency control;
Figure GDA0002525811080000042
is a virtual rotor angle; e0、ErSetting values of the idle internal kinetic potential and the calculated internal kinetic potential of the virtual synchronous machine; qref、QeRespectively a reactive power reference value and an actual value; kQAnd the reactive power droop adjusting coefficient is obtained.
The inner ring of the virtual synchronous machine without decoupling control generally adopts voltage ring and current ring double closed-loop control as shown in figure 1, and reference potential ErAngle with virtual rotor
Figure GDA0002525811080000043
The voltage loop and the current loop are directly used as input signals of the inner loop and respectively control the output voltage and the inductive current of the virtual synchronous machine.
Defining an included angle between an output voltage E of the inverter and a power grid voltage U as a power angle; the total system impedance Z comprises two parts of virtual impedance and line impedance, and the impedance angle is theta, wherein the virtual impedance is a virtual resistor RvAnd a virtual inductance Lv,LvCorresponding virtual inductive reactance Xv(ii) a The line impedance being a line resistance RgAnd line inductance Lg
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the variation of the power angle and the impedance angle of the impedance adaptive decoupling control method considering the power angle effect of the virtual synchronous machine, and illustrates the core idea of decoupling control, namely, using the impedance angle theta as an indirect parameter and using R as a referencevAnd LvIs straightAnd adjusting theta by a variable, and further compensating the fluctuation amount of the power angle in real time by reasonably adjusting the theta. However, the change of theta will certainly have new influence on the change of reactive power, so the value of theta needs to be selected to take the influence of the change into consideration. Meanwhile, the impedance Z is expected to be kept constant as much as possible while the adjustment theta is designed, so that the introduction of a parameter quantity can be reduced, and the problem of voltage drop caused by virtual impedance is avoided.
(1) When the virtual synchronous machine is connected to the grid, the grid frequency is reduced, and the given power of the inverter is increased, so that the power angle is increased, and the reactive power is further influenced by coupling. The impedance self-adaption power decoupling control method considering the influence of the power angle of the virtual synchronizer needs to detect the fluctuation quantity delta of the power angle by utilizing the output active power PeAnd estimated according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0002525811080000051
in the formula, P00Outputting power and a power angle for a steady-state working point of the virtual synchronous machine; kcorDetermining a proportional coefficient estimated for the power angle fluctuation quantity according to the ratio of the output power of the steady-state working point to the power angle;
(2) calculating the obtained power angle fluctuation quantity delta by adopting the following formula to obtain a virtual resistance value R of the virtual impedancevAnd a virtual inductive reactance value Xv(the virtual inductance corresponding to the virtual inductive reactance is LvRepresents):
Figure GDA0002525811080000052
in the formula, X0、R0The total system inductive reactance and resistance value of the steady-state working point; kConstIs a constant value related to the steady-state operating point, and is determined by the steady-state component theta of the impedance angle theta of the virtual synchronous machine0And steady state component of power angle0Determining:
Figure GDA0002525811080000053
(3) the virtual impedance value R obtained by calculation is usedvAnd LvThe specific expression of the voltage drop on the virtual impedance is subtracted from the reference potential to be used as the reference value of the control of the inner ring voltage loop, and the specific expression of the voltage drop on the complex plane is as follows
EO *(s)=Er(s)-(RV+sLV)·I(s)(6)
In the formula, EO *(s) is the calculated given value of the voltage control loop; er(s) is a reference potential obtained by a superior virtual synchronous machine control loop; i(s) is the actual grid-connected current.
(4) The voltage obtained in the last step is given to a value EO *(s) as a given signal for the inner loop voltage control loop; finally, the output signal controlled by the inner loop is used as the control signal of the inverter, and the inner loop is generally controlled by double closed loops of voltage and current. This is in contrast to the previously described virtual synchronous machine reference potential ErDirectly as an inner ring given signal, there is a certain difference, and the impedance adaptive decoupling control considering the power angle influence of the virtual synchronous machine is equivalent to a link between the virtual synchronous machine control and the voltage control ring, as shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of the impedance adaptive decoupling control considering the power angle influence of the virtual synchronous machine, in which EO * d、EO * qIs EO *(s) d and q axis components in a rotating coordinate system.

Claims (1)

1. The impedance self-adaption power decoupling control method considering the power angle influence of the virtual synchronous machine is characterized in that in a three-phase inverter circuit of a distributed power supply, a direct current side is formed by connecting a clean energy source or an energy storage device in parallel with a capacitor, and an alternating current side is connected with a filter in back and is connected with a power grid through a line; defining an included angle between an output voltage E of the inverter and a power grid voltage U as a power angle, and compensating the influence of the power angle on a reactive power control loop by adjusting a virtual impedance value in real time to realize power decoupling; wherein the virtual impedance comprises a virtual resistance RvAnd a virtual inductance LvVirtual inductance LvCorresponding virtualX for artificial inductancevRepresents;
the control method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) by using output active power PeEstimating the fluctuation amount delta of the power angle:
Figure FDA0002525811070000011
in the formula, P00Outputting power and a power angle for a steady-state working point of the virtual synchronous machine; kcorDetermining a proportional coefficient estimated for the power angle fluctuation quantity according to the ratio of the output power of the steady-state working point to the power angle;
(2) calculating a virtual resistance value R of the virtual impedance by using the power angle fluctuation quantity delta obtained in the step (1)vAnd a virtual inductive reactance value Xv
Figure FDA0002525811070000012
In the formula, X0、R0Respectively the total system inductive reactance and the resistance value of the steady-state working point;
KConstis a constant value related to the steady-state operating point, and is determined by the steady-state component theta of the impedance angle theta of the virtual synchronous machine0And steady state component of power angle0Determining:
Figure FDA0002525811070000013
(3) the virtual impedance value RvAnd a virtual inductance LvAnd adding the voltage drop to an inverter voltage control loop, namely subtracting the voltage drop on the virtual impedance from the reference potential to serve as a reference value for controlling the inner loop voltage loop, wherein a specific expression in a complex plane is as follows:
EO *(s)=Er(s)-(RV+sLV)·I(s)
in the formula, EO *(s) is the calculated given value of the voltage control loop; er(s) is a reference potential, controlled by a superior virtual synchronizerPreparing a ring; i(s) is actual grid-connected current;
(4) the voltage obtained in the last step is given to a value EO *(s) as a given signal for the inner loop voltage control loop, and an output signal for the inner loop control as a control signal for the inverter, wherein the inner loop is a double closed loop control of voltage and current.
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