CN107657076B - Power matching method for plug-in hybrid power system - Google Patents

Power matching method for plug-in hybrid power system Download PDF

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CN107657076B
CN107657076B CN201710733372.9A CN201710733372A CN107657076B CN 107657076 B CN107657076 B CN 107657076B CN 201710733372 A CN201710733372 A CN 201710733372A CN 107657076 B CN107657076 B CN 107657076B
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王柏卫
林剑健
林必生
张建青
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Xiamen Golden Dragon Bus Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a power matching method of a plug-in hybrid power system, which comprises the following steps of: s1, determining main parameters; s2, calculating the maximum required power of the engine according to the highest vehicle speed, and determining the model of the engine; s3, determining the speed ratio i of the transmission system according to different driving modes of the motor; s4, according to the main parameters of S1, performing dynamic analysis of the vehicle under multiple working conditions, calculating the parameter requirements of the vehicle on the motor, wherein the motor parameters comprise rated power, peak torque, rated rotating speed and peak rotating speed, and determining the type selection of the motor and the motor controller; s5, determining the parameters of the super capacitor bank according to the motor and motor controller characteristic curve chart and the engine characteristic curve chart in the S4; s6, determining battery pack parameters; and S7, completing matching. The plug-in hybrid power bus can be used for quickly and accurately matching power of plug-in hybrid power buses with different vehicle types and different power performance requirements, so that the matching time is saved, and the development cycle of the whole bus is shortened.

Description

Power matching method for plug-in hybrid power system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a power matching method of a plug-in hybrid power system.
Background
At present, most of the existing domestic hybrid power buses adopt an energy storage mode of connecting a high-power-density super capacitor and an energy type lithium battery in parallel. The power matching of the hybrid power bus mainly comprises the design and model selection of engine parameters, motor parameters, transmission ratio parameters of a transmission system, lithium battery parameters and super battery parameters.
The power matching methods of the hybrid power passenger car are many, but a comprehensive and scientific power matching method is lacked for the hybrid power passenger car adopting a super capacitor and lithium battery parallel energy storage mode, the working efficiency of a driving motor is influenced because the voltage parameter of a battery is too low in some practical vehicles, and the recovery of the braking energy of the vehicle is influenced because the voltage parameter of the battery is too high, so that the fuel saving rate of the vehicle is influenced. The scientific power matching method is not only beneficial to saving energy of the vehicle and improving the dynamic property and pure electric driving capability of the vehicle, but also beneficial to shortening the development period of new energy vehicles and improving the enterprise competitiveness.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem of the insufficient power matching method of the hybrid power bus, the invention provides a comprehensive and scientific power matching method of a plug-in hybrid power system, which can greatly shorten the development period of new energy vehicles, and comprises the following steps:
a power matching method for a plug-in hybrid power system comprises the following steps:
s1, determining main parameters: wherein the mass m of the whole vehicle is adjusted and prepared0Full load mass mmaxTest Mass mxTire rolling radius r, air resistance coefficient CdFrontal area A, rolling resistance coefficient f and total efficiency eta of transmission systemtMaximum vehicle speed VmaxMaximum climbing gradient alpha, pure electric driving range D and electric control efficiency eta of motormcBattery discharge efficiency etabAnd the acceleration of gravity g;
s2, according to the maximum vehicle speed VmaxCalculating the maximum required power of the engine, determining the model of the engine, and acquiring an external characteristic curve chart of the engine according to the model of the engine;
s3, determining the size of the speed ratio i of the transmission system according to different driving modes of the motor and the external characteristic curve chart of the engine;
s4, according to the main parameters of S1, performing dynamics analysis of the vehicle under multiple working conditions and calculating the parameter requirements of the vehicle on the motor, wherein the motor parameters comprise rated power, peak torque, rated rotating speed and peak rotating speed, confirming the model of the motor and the motor controller according to the motor parameters, and acquiring a characteristic curve chart of the motor according to the model of the motor and the motor controller;
s5, determining the super-capacitance parameter: determining the type of the super capacitor, the number of super capacitor modules, the capacitance value of the super capacitor modules, the total capacitance value of the super capacitor and the total voltage of the super capacitor according to the characteristic curve diagram of the motor of S4 and by combining an external characteristic curve of an engine;
s6, determining battery parameters: determining the capacity of the battery pack, the rated voltage of the battery pack, the rated charging and discharging current of the battery pack and the maximum charging and discharging current of the battery pack according to the super-capacitor parameters, the performance parameters of the motor and the motor controller and the whole vehicle braking energy recovery control strategy in the S5;
s7, completing matching: the matching result comprises the engine model, the rated rotating speed of the motor, the peak rotating speed of the motor, the rated power of the motor, the peak torque of the motor, the type of the super capacitor, the number of super capacitor modules, the capacitance value of the super capacitor modules, the total capacitance value of the super capacitor, the total voltage of the super capacitor, the capacity of the battery pack, the rated voltage of the battery pack, the rated charging and discharging current of the battery pack, the maximum charging and discharging current of the battery pack and the transmission ratio.
As a further improvement, in the step S2: the maximum required power range of the engine is as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000021
the maximum required power P of the engine is calculated according to the formulaemaxSelecting the power of the engine and further selecting the model of the engine by considering the power loss of the air conditioner and the low-voltage generator; and acquiring the engine external characteristic curve of the selected engine type according to the selected engine type.
As a further improvement, in the step S3: the speed ratio i of the transmission system needs to meet the requirement of the highest running speed of the vehicle, and the range is as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000022
in the formula, nemaxThe highest stable speed of the engine, where nemaxUnit is rpm
Meanwhile, the speed ratio i of the transmission system needs to meet the requirement that the engine can output the maximum power in the maximum vehicle speed range, and the range is as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000023
in the formula, nepThe rotating speed corresponding to the maximum power point of the engine, wherein nepThe final determination of the driveline speed ratio i is based on the two ranges mentioned above in rpm.
As a further improvement, in the step S4: the rated power range of the driving motor is as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000024
the motor intervenes the whole car drive after inserting electric hybrid vehicle electricelectric and traveling a certain distance, then the requirement of the biggest climbing gradient alpha of vehicle need be satisfied to electricelectric maximum power that traveles, and motor peak power scope is promptly:
Figure GDA0002977252150000025
according to the requirement of specified speed of 40Km/h in the pure electric driving range test, the rated speed N of the motoreThe range is as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000031
according to the maximum vehicle speed V of the vehiclemaxCalculating the peak rotating speed N of the motormax：
Figure GDA0002977252150000032
According to the peak power P of the motormmaxCalculating the peak torque of the motor:
Figure GDA0002977252150000033
and carrying out model selection matching on the motor according to the obtained rated power, peak power, rated rotating speed, peak rotating speed and peak torque of the motor, further determining the model of the motor controller, and obtaining a characteristic curve chart of the motor according to the motor and the model of the motor controller.
As a further improvement, in the step S5: according to the characteristic curve diagrams of the motors under different input voltages in the step S4 and the external characteristic curve of the engine, selecting an inflection point where the motor torque corresponding to the idling speed of the engine is closest to the peak torque of the motor, wherein the motor bus voltage corresponding to the torque is the total voltage of the selected super capacitor; after confirming super capacitor total voltage, further confirm super capacitor type and super capacitor module number, its super capacitor module number is:
N＝U/Usheet
Wherein N is the number of super capacitor modules, USheetIs the super capacitor module voltage, and U is the super capacitor total voltage.
The super capacitor bank needs to meet the requirements of recovering the energy of the vehicle at 40km/h and the energy E of the fully loaded vehicle at 40km/h40I.e. E40Comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0002977252150000034
in the formula E40The unit of (d) is KJ.
The energy recovered by the super capacitor bank needs to be more than E40Namely:
Figure GDA0002977252150000035
in the formula of U1And U2The voltage use range of the motor controller and the working voltage range of other components selected by S4 are determined, and the total capacitance value C of the super capacitor can be deduced according to the formula; the super capacitor module is connected in series to derive the capacitance value C of the super capacitor moduleSheetNamely:
Csheet≥N*C。
As a further improvement, in the step S6: according to the super capacitor parameters, the super capacitor needs to fully absorb energy when the vehicle braking energy is recovered, namely:
Figure GDA0002977252150000041
in formula (II)'1Recovering front voltage, U 'for braking'2The voltage of the super capacitor after the braking energy is recovered is the total voltage of the super capacitor;
the super capacitor and the power battery are in parallel connection structure, and then U'1Is power battery pack voltage or super capacitor voltage, and is U'1Determining rated voltage of the power battery pack;
according to the pure electric driving range test standard, when the vehicle speed is required to be 40km/h, calculating the rated charge-discharge current of the battery pack:
Figure GDA0002977252150000042
calculating the peak charging and discharging current of the battery pack according to the power required by the maximum climbing gradient:
Figure GDA0002977252150000043
according to the pure electric driving range test standard, the requirement of the driving range D can be met, so that the battery pack capacity C' is as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000044
wherein DOD is the depth of discharge of the battery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the power matching method of the plug-in hybrid power system can be used for quickly and accurately matching power of plug-in hybrid power buses with different vehicle types and different power performance requirements, specifically, parameters of a super capacitor and a lithium battery can be accurately calculated, matching time is saved, and the development cycle of the whole vehicle is shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a power matching method for a plug-in hybrid power system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of engine performance in a plug-in hybrid power system power matching method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a motor characteristic curve diagram under different bus voltages in the power matching method of the plug-in hybrid power system of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in an embodiment, a power matching method for a plug-in hybrid power system includes the following steps: s1, determining main parameters: wherein the mass m of the whole vehicle is adjusted and prepared0Full load mass mmaxTest Mass mxTire rolling radius r, air resistance coefficient CdFrontal area A, rolling resistance coefficient f and total efficiency eta of transmission systemtMaximum vehicle speed VmaxMaximum climbing gradient alpha, pure electric driving range D and electric control efficiency eta of motormcBattery discharge efficiency etabAnd the acceleration of gravity g; s2, according to the maximum vehicle speed VmaxCalculating the maximum required power of the engine, determining the model of the engine, and acquiring an external characteristic curve chart of the engine according to the model of the engine; s3, determining the size of the speed ratio i of the transmission system according to different driving modes of the motor and the external characteristic curve chart of the engine; s4, according to the main parameters of S1, the dynamics analysis of the vehicle under multiple working conditions is carried out, the requirements of the vehicle on the motor parameters are calculated, wherein the motor parameters comprise rated power, peak torque, rated rotating speed and peak rotating speed, the models of the motor and the motor controller are confirmed according to the motor parameters, and the models of the motor and the motor controller are obtained according to the models of the motor and the motor controllerTaking a characteristic curve chart of the motor; s5, determining the super-capacitance parameter: determining the type of the super capacitor, the number of super capacitor modules, the capacitance value of the super capacitor modules, the total capacitance value of the super capacitor and the total voltage of the super capacitor according to the characteristic curve diagram of the motor of S4 and by combining an external characteristic curve of an engine; s6, determining battery parameters: determining the capacity of the battery pack, the rated voltage of the battery pack, the rated charging and discharging current of the battery pack and the maximum charging and discharging current of the battery pack according to the super-capacitor parameters, the performance parameters of the motor and the motor controller and the whole vehicle braking energy recovery control strategy in the S5; s7, completing matching: the matching result comprises the engine model, the rated rotating speed of the motor, the peak rotating speed of the motor, the rated power of the motor, the peak torque of the motor, the type of the super capacitor, the number of super capacitor modules, the capacitance value of the super capacitor modules, the total capacitance value of the super capacitor, the total voltage of the super capacitor, the capacity of the battery pack, the rated voltage of the battery pack, the rated charging and discharging current of the battery pack, the maximum charging and discharging current of the battery pack and the transmission ratio.
Specifically, the engine external characteristic curve and the motor characteristic curve can be provided by an engine manufacturer and a motor manufacturer after confirming the model of the engine, the model of the motor and the model of the motor controller or obtained by a bench test of the engine and the motor.
In an embodiment, the main parameters in S1 are listed as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000051
Figure GDA0002977252150000061
in an embodiment, in the step S2: the maximum required power range of the engine is as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000062
the maximum required power P of the engine is calculated according to the formulaemaxAnd considering the power loss of the air conditioner and the low-voltage generator, selecting the power of the engine and further selecting the model of the engine.
Referring to fig. 2, in the embodiment, in the step S3: the speed ratio i of the transmission system needs to meet the requirement of the highest running speed of the vehicle, and the range is as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000063
in the formula, nemaxThe maximum stable engine speed is determined by the external characteristic curve of the selected engine model, wherein nemaxUnit is rpm
Meanwhile, the speed ratio i of the transmission system needs to meet the requirement that the engine can output the maximum power in the maximum vehicle speed range, and the range is as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000064
in the formula, nepObtaining the rotating speed corresponding to the maximum power point of the engine through an external characteristic curve of the selected engine model, wherein n isepThe final determination of the driveline speed ratio i is based on the two ranges mentioned above in rpm.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the maximum stable rotation speed of an engine of a certain type in the graph is 2500rpm, and the rotation speed corresponding to the maximum power point of the engine is about 2400rpm, that is, the final transmission ratio i is determined according to two rotation speed values.
In an embodiment, in the step S4: the rated power range of the driving motor is as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000071
the motor intervenes the whole car drive after inserting electric formula hybrid vehicle electricelectric and traveling certain distance, then the requirement of the biggest climbing gradient alpha of vehicle need be satisfied to electricelectric maximum power that traveles, and its scope is:
Figure GDA0002977252150000072
according to the requirement of specified speed of 40Km/h in the pure electric driving range test, the rated speed N of the motoreThe range is as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000073
according to the maximum vehicle speed V of the vehiclemaxCalculating the peak rotation speed Nmax：
Figure GDA0002977252150000074
According to the peak power P of the motormmaxCalculating the peak torque of the motor:
Figure GDA0002977252150000075
in an embodiment, in the step S5: according to the characteristic curve diagrams of the motors under different input voltages in the step S4 and the external characteristic curve of the engine, selecting an inflection point where the motor torque corresponding to the idling speed of the engine is closest to the peak torque of the motor, wherein the motor bus voltage corresponding to the torque is the total voltage of the selected super capacitor; after confirming super capacitor total voltage, further confirm super capacitor type and super capacitor module number, its super capacitor module number is:
N＝U/Usheet
Wherein N is the number of super capacitor modules, USheetIs the super capacitor module voltage, and U is the super capacitor total voltage.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, assuming that the idle speed of the engine is 650rpm (typically 650rpm or 750rpm), the bus voltage of 650rpm in the motor characteristic curve near the peak torque of the motor is 600V, i.e. the total voltage of the super capacitor is 600V.
The super capacitor bank needs to meet the requirements of recovering the energy of the vehicle at 40km/h and the energy E of the fully loaded vehicle at 40km/h40I.e. E40Comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0002977252150000081
in the formula E40The unit of (d) is KJ.
The energy recovered by the super capacitor bank needs to be more than E40Namely:
Figure GDA0002977252150000082
in the formula of U1And U2The voltage application range of the motor controller is determined, and the total capacitance value C of the super capacitor can be deduced according to the formula; the super capacitor module is connected in series to derive the capacitance value C of the super capacitor moduleSheetNamely:
Csheet≥N*C。
In an embodiment, in the step S6: according to the super capacitor parameters, the super capacitor needs to fully absorb energy when the vehicle braking energy is recovered, namely:
Figure GDA0002977252150000083
in formula (II)'1Recovering front voltage, U 'for braking'1Too high selection value can influence the recovery of braking energy, thereby influencing the oil consumption of the whole vehicle and simultaneously U'1The selected value cannot be too low and should be larger than the lowest working voltage of the motor controller; u'2The voltage of the super capacitor after the braking energy is recovered is the total voltage of the super capacitor;
the super capacitor and the power battery are in parallel connection structure, and then U'1Is power battery pack voltage or super capacitor voltage, and is U'1Determining rated voltage of power battery pack as U'1Too high selection value influences recovery of braking energy, so that oil consumption of the whole vehicle is influenced, and U 'is realized at the same time'1The selected value cannot be too low and should be larger than the lowest working voltage of the motor controller;
according to the pure electric driving range test standard, when the vehicle speed is required to be 40km/h, calculating the rated charge-discharge current of the battery pack:
Figure GDA0002977252150000084
calculating the peak charging and discharging current of the battery pack according to the power required by the maximum climbing gradient:
Figure GDA0002977252150000085
according to the pure electric driving range test standard, the requirement of the driving range D can be met, so that the battery pack capacity C' is as follows:
Figure GDA0002977252150000091
where DOD is the depth of discharge of the battery, which is typically 0.8.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A power matching method of a plug-in hybrid power system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining main parameters: wherein the mass m of the whole vehicle is adjusted and prepared0Full load mass mmaxTest Mass mxTire rolling radius r, air resistance coefficient CdFrontal area A, rolling resistance coefficient f and total efficiency eta of transmission systemtMaximum vehicle speed VmaxMaximum climbing gradient alpha, pure electric driving range D and electric control efficiency eta of motormcBattery discharge efficiency etabAnd the acceleration of gravity g;
s2, according to the maximum vehicle speed VmaxCalculating the maximum required power of the engine, determining the model of the engine, and acquiring an external characteristic curve chart of the engine according to the model of the engine;
s3, determining the size of the speed ratio i of the transmission system according to different driving modes of the motor and the external characteristic curve chart of the engine;
s4, according to the main parameters of S1, performing dynamics analysis of the vehicle under multiple working conditions and calculating the parameter requirements of the vehicle on the motor, wherein the motor parameters comprise rated power, peak torque, rated rotating speed and peak rotating speed, confirming the model of the motor and the motor controller according to the motor parameters, and acquiring a characteristic curve chart of the motor according to the model of the motor and the motor controller;
s5, determining the super-capacitance parameter: determining the type of the super capacitor, the number of super capacitor modules, the capacitance value of the super capacitor modules, the total capacitance value of the super capacitor and the total voltage of the super capacitor according to the characteristic curve diagram of the motor of S4 and by combining an external characteristic curve of an engine; the method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the characteristic curve diagrams of the motors under different input voltages in the step S4 and the external characteristic curve of the engine, selecting an inflection point where the motor torque corresponding to the idling speed of the engine is closest to the peak torque of the motor, wherein the motor bus voltage corresponding to the torque is the total voltage of the selected super capacitor; after confirming super capacitor total voltage, further confirm super capacitor type and super capacitor module number, its super capacitor module number is:
N＝U/Usheet
Wherein N is the number of super capacitor modules, USheetThe voltage is the super capacitor module voltage, and U is the total voltage of the super capacitor;
the super capacitor bank needs to meet the requirements of recovering the energy of the vehicle at 40km/h and the energy E of the fully loaded vehicle at 40km/h40I.e. E40Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002977252140000011
in the formula E40The unit of (b) is KJ;
the energy recovered by the super capacitor bank needs to be more than E40Namely:
Figure FDA0002977252140000012
in the formula of U1And U2The voltage use range of the motor controller and the working voltage range of other components selected by S4 are determined, and the total capacitance value C of the super capacitor can be deduced according to the formula; the super capacitor module is connected in series to derive the capacitance value C of the super capacitor moduleSheetNamely:
Csheet≥N*C；
S6, determining battery parameters: determining the capacity of the battery pack, the rated voltage of the battery pack, the rated charging and discharging current of the battery pack and the maximum charging and discharging current of the battery pack according to the super-capacitor parameters, the performance parameters of the motor and the motor controller and the whole vehicle braking energy recovery control strategy in the S5;
s7, completing matching: the matching result comprises the engine model, the rated rotating speed of the motor, the peak rotating speed of the motor, the rated power of the motor, the peak torque of the motor, the type of the super capacitor, the number of super capacitor modules, the capacitance value of the super capacitor modules, the total capacitance value of the super capacitor, the total voltage of the super capacitor, the capacity of the battery pack, the rated voltage of the battery pack, the rated charging and discharging current of the battery pack, the maximum charging and discharging current of the battery pack and the transmission ratio.
2. The plug-in hybrid power system power matching method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2: the maximum required power range of the engine is as follows:
Figure FDA0002977252140000021
the maximum required power P of the engine is calculated according to the formulaemaxSelecting the power of the engine and further selecting the model of the engine by considering the power loss of the air conditioner and the low-voltage generator; and acquiring the engine external characteristic curve of the selected engine type according to the selected engine type.
3. The plug-in hybrid power system power matching method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3: the speed ratio i of the transmission system needs to meet the requirement of the highest running speed of the vehicle, and the range is as follows:
Figure FDA0002977252140000022
in the formula, nemaxThe highest stable speed of the engine, where nemaxUnit is rpm
Meanwhile, the speed ratio i of the transmission system needs to meet the requirement that the engine can output the maximum power in the maximum vehicle speed range, and the range is as follows:
Figure FDA0002977252140000023
in the formula, nepThe rotating speed corresponding to the maximum power point of the engine, wherein nepThe final determination of the driveline speed ratio i is based on the two ranges mentioned above in rpm.
4. The plug-in hybrid power system power matching method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4: the rated power range of the driving motor is as follows:
Figure FDA0002977252140000024
the motor intervenes the whole car drive after inserting electric hybrid vehicle electricelectric and traveling a certain distance, then the requirement of the biggest climbing gradient alpha of vehicle need be satisfied to electricelectric maximum power that traveles, and motor peak power scope is promptly:
Figure FDA0002977252140000031
according to the requirement of specified speed of 40Km/h in the pure electric driving range test, the rated speed N of the motoreThe range is as follows:
Figure FDA0002977252140000032
according to the maximum vehicle speed V of the vehiclemaxCalculating the peak rotating speed N of the motormax：
Figure FDA0002977252140000033
According to the peak power P of the motormmaxCalculating the peak torque of the motor:
Figure FDA0002977252140000034
according to the obtained rated power, peak power, rated rotating speed, peak rotating speed and peak torque of the motor, carrying out model selection matching on the motor so as to determine the model of a motor controller, and acquiring a characteristic curve chart of the motor according to the motor and the model of the motor controller; wherein i0Is a main reduction ratio.
5. The plug-in hybrid power system power matching method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6: according to the super capacitor parameters, the super capacitor needs to fully absorb energy when the vehicle braking energy is recovered, namely:
Figure FDA0002977252140000035
in formula (II)'1Recovering front voltage, U 'for braking'2The voltage of the super capacitor after the braking energy is recovered is the total voltage of the super capacitor;
the super capacitor and the power battery are in parallel connection structure, and then U'1Is power battery pack voltage or super capacitor voltage, and is U'1Determining rated voltage of the power battery pack;
according to the pure electric driving range test standard, when the vehicle speed is required to be 40km/h, calculating the rated charge-discharge current of the battery pack:
Figure FDA0002977252140000036
calculating the peak charging and discharging current of the battery pack according to the power required by the maximum climbing gradient:
Figure FDA0002977252140000041
according to the pure electric driving range test standard, the requirement of the driving range D can be met, so that the battery pack capacity C' is as follows:
Figure FDA0002977252140000042
wherein DOD is the depth of discharge of the battery.
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