CN107655623A - Contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai - Google Patents

Contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107655623A
CN107655623A CN201710696330.2A CN201710696330A CN107655623A CN 107655623 A CN107655623 A CN 107655623A CN 201710696330 A CN201710696330 A CN 201710696330A CN 107655623 A CN107655623 A CN 107655623A
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axis component
contactless
dongtaibiaodingshiyantai
jing
module
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CN201710696330.2A
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CN107655623B (en
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叶红仙
徐佳成
胡小平
于保华
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Hangzhou Electronic Science and Technology University
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Hangzhou Electronic Science and Technology University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L25/00Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai, including X-axis component, Y-axis component and Z axis component, the X-axis component, Y-axis component and Z axis component include bottom plate, optical axis slide rail, sliding block, ball-screw and supporting plate respectively, the bottom plate is fixed with the optical axis slide rail, the sliding block is fixed with the supporting plate, the Y-axis component and Z axis component are individually fixed in the supporting plate of the X-axis component, and the X-axis component, Y-axis component and Z axis component are respectively equipped with electromagnet fixed plate.The present invention carries out dynamic calibration to piezoelectric type dynamometer using step response method, and step response has positive step excitation with bearing two kinds of step excitation, and the generation step signal device that the present invention designs is easy, positive effect.

Description

Contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai
Technical field
The present invention relates to the static demarcating of a kind of piezoelectric type dynamometer or piezoelectric transducer and dynamic calibration experiment platform.
Background technology
The dynamometry principle of piezoelectric type dynamometer or piezoelectric type force cell is all after being pressurized by the piezoelectric of inside Piezo-electric effect is produced, i.e., is produced charge collection phenomenon by piezoelectric material surface in the case of the pressure or pulling force of certain orientation, Drawn by wire and voltage signal in low impedance is converted into show the amplitude of input power and direction by charge amplifier.Piezoelectricity The advantages of formula dynamometer, is that measurement accuracy is high, system stiffness is good, frequency effect characteristic is good, dynamometry bandwidth etc., therefore dynamometry Instrument is more and more applied in the occasion such as milling lathe cutting force measurement and real-time accuracy compensation.Therefore, every dynamometer is all necessary By static and dynamic calibration to ensure the precision of its measurement.
Static demarcating refers to that sensor loads standard static load, and sensor output electricity is gathered after sensor stabilization output Pressure, and then solve the process of the Static State Index of piezoelectric type dynamometer or sensor.Dynamometer or Sensor's Static characteristic are described Model is referred to as static mathematical model, and static mathematical model has two classes of nonlinear and linear.In piezoelectric type dynamometer or sensor In due to cross interferance it is smaller, therefore piezoelectric force instrument is regarded as static linear model.Static demarcating can in linear system The performance of numerous Static State Index instrument sign dynamometers or sensor is obtained, such as the linearity, sensitivity, repeatability, resolution ratio, late The indexs such as stagnant, stability.Therefore static demarcating is had to pass through for qualified a piezoelectric type dynamometer or piezoelectric transducer It can come into operation, otherwise can produce error and the distortion of data.
In the case that dynamic calibration refers to by inputting pattern field, the output of collection piezoelectric type dynamometer studies it to mark The process of the response of quasi- excitation, dynamic calibration can obtain the dynamic property of dynamometer, as intrinsic frequency, response frequency, damping ratio, The dynamic indicators such as bandwidth frequency, these indexs show the ability in sampling of dynamometer.The principle of dynamic calibration is done both at home and abroad Many researchs, the method that system output is studied when such as inputting sinusoidal variations pressure are referred to as frequency response method, but due to piezoelectric type The intrinsic frequency of dynamometer is general all higher, it is therefore desirable to which the sinusoidal pressure of higher frequency can just inspire piezoelectric type dynamometry The mode of instrument, the device for then producing standard sine pressure at present limit to very much, the frequency range of change also very little, highest frequency Rate only up to 300HZ or so, therefore can not be as the dynamic calibrating method of piezoelectric type dynamometer.Also one kind can be to piezoelectric type dynamometry The method that instrument does dynamic calibration is impulse response method, i.e., produces a pulse shock to dynamometer to inspire its mode, realize Method such as fall hammering dynamometer from certain altitude using the steel ball of quenching or power with acceleration transducer is hammered into shape to dynamometry Instrument is hammered.This method is easy, but impulsive force is unstable caused by percussion mechanism, and the precision demarcated is not high.
The content of the invention
The present invention is by having invented electromagnetic theory research one kind standard static power and standard dynamic as caused by electromagnet The contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai of power, provided for piezoelectric type dynamometer or the quiet dynamic calibration of sensor a kind of simple and efficient Method.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
Contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai, including X-axis component, Y-axis component and Z axis component, the X-axis component, Y-axis Component and Z axis component include bottom plate, optical axis slide rail, sliding block, ball-screw and supporting plate respectively, and the bottom plate is slided with the optical axis Rail is fixed, and the sliding block is fixed with the supporting plate, and the Y-axis component and Z axis component are individually fixed in the branch of the X-axis component On fagging, the X-axis component, Y-axis component and Z axis component are respectively equipped with electromagnet fixed plate.
The electromagnet includes magnetic core, winding, shell and sleeve, and the sleeve is sheathed on the magnetic core, the winding It is around on the sleeve.
The permeability magnetic material of the electromagnet uses iron-nickel alloy 1J50 materials.
The permeability magnetic material length is less than the electromagnet overall length.
The winding uses copper wire material.
The aperture that length is a diameter of 13mm of 18mm is provided with inside the magnetic core.
The current control module includes voltage regulator module, relay module, sinusoidal signal square-wave signal and module occurs With voltage amplification module, the sine square waveform signal generating module realizes being exported by sinusoidal or square wave rule for voltage signal, width It is all adjustable to be worth frequency, the voltage amplification module is that module progress voltage magnitude occurs to the sinusoidal signal square-wave signal to put Greatly.
The sinusoidal signal square-wave signal occurs module and uses low frequency generator module in ICL8038.
It is 5V voltage signals that module output, which occurs, for the sinusoidal signal square-wave signal.
The voltage amplification module uses LM385 signal amplification modules.
The present invention carries out dynamic calibration using step response method to piezoelectric type dynamometer, and step response has positive step Excitation and negative two kinds of step excitation, the generation step signal device that the present invention designs is easy, positive effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the three axle slide unit structural representations of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the side view of the three axle slide units of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the electromagnet structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is electromagnet calibration result figure.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Contactless quiet dynamic calibration experiment platform target is this experimental bench of the present invention to realize the quiet dynamic force of offer standard Development is divided into three parts:Produce standard force source device-electromagnet, three axle slide units, current control module.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, three axle slide units include handwheel 1, optical axis slide rail 2, sliding block 3, ball-screw 4, bottom plate 5, Y-axis Supporting plate 6, fixed block 7, feed screw nut 8, X-axis electromagnet fixed plate 9, electromagnet 10, equally in Y-axis and also including on Z axis These structures, such as Z axis electromagnet fixed plate 11, Y-axis electromagnet fixed plate 12, Y-axis bottom plate 13, X-axis supporting plate 14, Z axis bottom plate 15th, section bar 16, Z axis supporting plate 17.The movement on tri- directions of XYZ mainly can be achieved in three axle slide units.Power is provided by handwheel, is rolled Convert rotational motion is driven supporting plate to move by ballscrew for linear motion, and the helical pitch of ball-screw is 4mm.Electromagnet is pacified Holding position is the slide unit end relative with handwheel.Different embodiment Y-axis of this slide unit different from other XYZ slide units in structure herein Slide unit is arranged in the supporting plate of X-axis, and the installation site of same Z axis slide unit is similarly installed on X-axis, and installation method is will be sliding Block fixing screws are tightened on optical axis slide rail, install Z axis supporting plate and provide section bar installation to Z axis installation on the supporting plate Position, this three axles slide unit can provide mounting platform for piezoelectric type dynamometer or sensor, i.e., in the supporting plate of Y-axis.
It is designed based on Maxwell's electromagnetic theory with electromagnetic force calculation formula to producing electromagnet, shifts out electromagnet onto It is as follows to produce electromagnetic force formula:
B is magnetic induction intensity, S magnetic circuits area, u in formula0It is the size of current for being passed through coil for air permeability, I, W is Coil turn, l are the length of magnetic path, and a is correction factor, and u is internal permeability magnetic material magnetic conductivity;
The size and coil turn W, the magnetic of permeability magnetic material for showing that electromagnet produces electromagnetic force are derived according to electromagnetic force formula Conductance u and magnetic circuit area S are relevant;The big minor adjustment of electromagnetic force can pass through length of magnetic path l and input coil electric current I parameters.
To produce electromagnet, electromagnetic force amplitude is as far as possible big, and electromagnet inner-core must select the big material of magnetic conductivity, Higher according to the magnetic conductivity for researching and analysing iron-nickel alloy 1J50 materials to soft magnetic materials, formula shows the about big generation of magnetic circuit area Electromagnetic force is bigger, but huge in structure will cause to the raising of the rigidity requirement of three-axis moving platform, therefore selects 30mm diameters Iron-nickel alloy is as permeability magnetic material.
Making selection copper wire to coil, copper wire material used electric conductivity is excellent, and resistance value I produces larger electric current. Winding method carries out winding according to right-hand rule.
By experimental verification, the electromagnet of design produces electromagnetic force amplitude in the case of zero distance up to 700N, produces mark The frequency of Quasi dynamic power is in below 50HZ.The Electromagnetic Design is fully met to the numerous piezoelectric type dynamometers of in the market or sensor Demarcation.
As shown in figure 3, main magnetic core 1, winding 2, shell 3, the sleeve 4 for including electromagnet of the design of electromagnet.Electromagnet Permeability magnetic material be processed from iron-nickel alloy 1J50 materials, Design of length is upper end 55mm, diameter 30mm, designs step, Lower end diameter is 13mm, length 15mm, is processed using numerically controlled lathe.Electromagnet coil carries out winding using copper wire, around Prescription formula is wound according to the right-hand rule, and coil turn is designed as 2000 circles.Electromagnet outer end is added from acrylic board Work, acrylic thickness selection 2mm, electromagnet end cap selection end cover rubber, electrically non-conductive material.It is larger to produce electromagnetic force, must A small absorbate must be processed, a diameter of 13mm length is 10mm.
After the completion of Electromagnetic Design, because electromagnetic force caused by electromagnet is larger by external interference, and electromagnet produces magnetic Complicated and easy leakage field.Therefore it is essential that demarcation is carried out to electromagnetic force caused by electromagnet.Demarcation to electromagnet The instrument of more standard must be used to be demarcated, such as be demarcated using Ai De treasured HP-500 push-pull effort machines.Due to influenceing electricity The factor of magnetic force has two factors of current signal and the distance between electromagnet and absorbate, to ensure single-factor influence, therefore We determined that electric current is demarcated after the lower suitable length of magnetic path.The electric supply installation of calibration and usage selects magnificent friendship adjustable DC Voltage-stabilized power supply 30v/5A is powered to electromagnet.Electromagnet is arranged on X-axis slide unit in calibration process, small-sized absorbate peace Mounted in Ai De treasured HP-500 head, mobile Ai Debao pull and push dynamometer position, it is fixed on and the suitable relative position of electromagnet.It is logical The input voltage for overregulating D.C. regulated power supply is demarcated to electromagnet.Calibration result such as Fig. 4.
Current control module is analyzed according to demand devises voltage regulator module, relay output module, sinusoidal signal side Ripple signal generating module, voltage amplification module.Voltage amplification module is that module occurs to sinusoidal signal square-wave signal to carry out voltage Amplitude amplification, occur that signal purchases with square-wave signal is low frequency generator module in ICL8038 due to sinusoidal, output For 5V voltage signals, it is therefore desirable to voltage magnitude is adjusted using voltage amplification module, this patent is put from LM385 signals Big module, the module carry gain-adjusted, can adjust multiplication factor.Current control module, which manufactures and designs, has to pass through demarcation checking It can just come into operation, avoid the influence of error component as far as possible.Demarcation for voltage regulator module is relatively simple, uses general-purpose Table is demarcated.Demarcation for the signal such as sinusoidal signal and square-wave signal, it is necessary to carry out checking demarcation using oscillograph. Demarcated herein from utd2102cex two-channel digitals oscillograph to sinusoidal with square-wave signal output.
After completing the demarcation to electromagnet and current control module, patent of the present invention can be to piezoelectric type dynamometer or piezoelectricity Formula sensor carries out quiet dynamic calibration.Piezoelectric type dynamometer installation site is in Y-axis supporting plate, there is some bolts on the supporting plate Hole, the installation of piezoelectric type dynamometer can be facilitated.Electromagnet is fitted with the XYZ axles of three axle slide units, in piezoelectric type dynamometer On three directions stick circular absorbate iron block.Adjusted by handwheel rotation on each direction between electromagnet and absorbate Distance, pay attention to because piezoelectric transducer or piezoelectric type dynamometer may produce Horizonal Disturbing on piezoelectric chip or structure, I.e. simple X-direction, which acts on, equally electric charge output on YZ directions, therefore invention can only be enterprising to single direction one by one Rower is determined to ensure the accuracy of calibration result.After installation fixes relative position, dynamometer or sensor are carried out static Demarcation, operating method are by the amplitude of voltage control module adjustment input voltage, are generally entered from low to high and from high to low Row is adjusted, and caused output signal is adopted by charge method device by NI equipment or other collecting devices after dynamometer stress Collection is shown in host computer procedure, and this is the output of piezoelectric type dynamometer.The big I of electromagnetic force is according to former electromagnet calibration result Table control is checked that this is the input of standard force source.Therefore standard force source input can be established and export it with piezoelectric type dynamometer Between variation relation, you can draw the static characteristics such as sensitivity, the linearity of piezoelectric type dynamometer, by analyze contrast from it is low to Result high, that two kinds of input proof forces obtain from high to low can analyze the static characteristics such as the repeatability of dynamometer, stability.In addition By patent of the present invention, the Horizonal Disturbing problem of dynamometer can be studied.Such as standard force source, dynamometry are inputted in single direction X-axis The voltage output of YZ axles can be shown in the collection host computer of instrument, multi-group data can be obtained by adjusting different amplitudes;Equally in YZ axle weights Multiple operation, establishes Horizonal Disturbing table, can try to achieve Horizonal Disturbing coefficient by data analysis, improve piezoelectric type dynamometer or biography The measurement accuracy of sensor.
The dynamic calibration of piezoelectric type dynamometer or sensor has a variety of methods as described in background, and step response method is this patent A kind of scaling method used, it is that the output of step signal can be achieved by the relay module in current control module, in electricity There is a start button in flow module, the voltage signal that certain amplitude can be had by pressing the button exports, you can realizes carrying for moment For the input of a step standard force signal.The step force has fast response time relative to the generation of other step forces, does not increase The characteristics of adding additional weight.Again by the piezoelectric type dynamometer Output Signal Analysis collected to host computer, you can obtain pressure The dynamic property of electric-type dynamometer, such as intrinsic frequency, response frequency, damping ratio, bandwidth frequency dynamic indicator.Meanwhile this hair Bright patent have also been devised sinusoidal signal square-wave signal and module occur, and the setting by the module is the sine of exportable certain frequency Force signal or square wave force signal, due to electromagnet, integrally in inductive element, therefore its power output signal can not reach electric signal frequency Rate, patented criteria output of the present invention also may be used up to below 50HZ for the relatively low piezoelectric type dynamometer of intrinsic frequency or sensor Demarcated by sinusoidal force signal.Intrinsic frequency can be by sinusoidal force signal or square wave force signal to quiet dynamic mark compared with high product Determine result to be verified.
The numerous piezoelectric type dynamometer of in the market or sensor are three axis force dynamometer or sensor, therefore to realize demarcation Function, three axle slide units are designed to ensure three axis force dynamometer or the sensor quiet dynamic force of independent application standard on XYZ directions, and Realize the adjustment of the length of magnetic path.
Mainly depending on the achievable target of this patent, this patent target is to realize piezoelectricity for the design of current control module The quiet dynamic calibration of formula dynamometer or sensor.For static demarcating, it is necessary to a variety of different standard static power inputs are provided, this Experimental bench realizes that the input in adjustment standard static has adjustment input current and changes two methods of the length of magnetic path, considers control Precision is to realize that static demarcating must can control changing for input current value with easy to operate more reasonable using current control Become, because electromagnet coil winding material and length determine, therefore resistance value determines, the control of electric current is believed that voltage Control.For dynamic calibration, this patent is demarcated using step response method, in current control module increase relay with Moment powering-on function is provided.Using electromagnetic force caused by electromagnet as input dynamic force the reason for be its fast response time, It is contactless not give former dynamometer increase impost, easy to operate.Operability is higher in other current control module, can increase The input of key player on a team's signal and square-wave signal, have verified that the dynamic property of piezoelectric type dynamometer.
The invention belongs to the quiet dynamic calibration technical field of piezoelectric type dynamometer or sensor, devises a kind of contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai, designed including Electromagnetic Design method, the design of three axle slide units, current control module.The present invention Electromagnetic force is produced as standard force source, current control using electromagnet according to the existing quiet dynamic calibrating method of piezoelectric type dynamometer Module control electric current signal is contactless quiet to realize to adjust to the input standard force signal of piezoelectric type dynamometer or sensor Dynamic calibration, obtain the quiet dynamic parameter of piezoelectric force instrument.Electromagnetic Design manufacture is derived according to Maxwell's electromagnetic theory Electromagnetic force calculation formula is designed to electromagnet permeability magnetic material, coil, shell.Lead screw transmission is selected in the design of three axle slide units, and YZ axles are installed on X-axis simultaneously using different from common three axles slide unit structure design now, the pressure that target is conveniently calibrated The installation of electric-type sensor or dynamometer.The design of current control module devises voltage control mould according to the requirement of quiet dynamic calibration Block, relay module, sinusoidal signal square wave signal generator, electric charge amplification module etc..Convenient offer normalized current is provided Signal.Light structure of the present invention, easy to operate, the quiet dynamic calibration for realizing piezoelectric type dynamometer or sensor well will Ask.

Claims (10)

1. contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai, it is characterised in that:Including X-axis component, Y-axis component and Z axis component, the X Shaft assembly, Y-axis component and Z axis component include bottom plate, optical axis slide rail, sliding block, ball-screw and supporting plate respectively, the bottom plate with The optical axis slide rail is fixed, and the sliding block is fixed with the supporting plate, and the Y-axis component and Z axis component are individually fixed in the X In the supporting plate of shaft assembly, the X-axis component, Y-axis component and Z axis component are respectively equipped with electromagnet fixed plate.
2. contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The electromagnet includes magnetic Core, winding, shell and sleeve, the sleeve are sheathed on the magnetic core, and the winding is around on the sleeve.
3. contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The magnetic conduction of the electromagnet Material uses iron-nickel alloy 1J50 materials.
4. contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The permeability magnetic material length Less than the electromagnet overall length.
5. contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The winding uses copper wire Material.
6. contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:It is provided with inside the magnetic core Length is a diameter of 13mm of 18mm aperture.
7. contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The current control module Module and voltage amplification module, the sine side occurs including voltage regulator module, relay module, sinusoidal signal square-wave signal Ripple signal generating module realizes being exported by sinusoidal or square wave rule for voltage signal, and amplitude frequency is all adjustable, the voltage amplification Module is that module occurs to the sinusoidal signal square-wave signal to carry out voltage magnitude amplification.
8. contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:The sinusoidal signal square wave Signal generating module uses low frequency generator module in ICL8038.
9. contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:The sinusoidal signal square wave Signal generating module output is 5V voltage signals.
10. contactless Jing Dongtaibiaodingshiyantai according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:The voltage amplification mould Block uses LM385 signal amplification modules.
CN201710696330.2A 2017-08-15 2017-08-15 Non-contact static and dynamic calibration experiment table Expired - Fee Related CN107655623B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108896398A (en) * 2018-08-31 2018-11-27 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 A kind of dynamic calibration equipment generating negative step load
CN109000848A (en) * 2018-10-17 2018-12-14 济南大学 A kind of pressure sensor dynamic calibration experimental rig for steel ball cold heading
CN110646135A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-03 吉林大学 Horizontal push-pull dynamometer detector
CN111174969A (en) * 2020-03-06 2020-05-19 合肥工业大学 Dynamic calibration equipment for multi-dimensional force sensor generating negative step

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CN105334477A (en) * 2015-11-04 2016-02-17 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) High-speed solenoid valve electromagnetic force static and dynamic testing apparatus
CN106091976A (en) * 2016-05-27 2016-11-09 武汉大学 The Aulomatizeted Detect of cuboid and three-dimensional reconfiguration system and method
CN106768620A (en) * 2017-01-10 2017-05-31 成都体育学院 Dynamic impact forces calibration device

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CN1213048A (en) * 1997-09-30 1999-04-07 三星电机株式会社 Method for fabricating electromagnet control bearing and brushless DC motor using the same
CN1442682A (en) * 2003-04-09 2003-09-17 中国科学院合肥智能机械研究所 Multi-dimensional force sensor dynamic experiment table and method thereof
US20150097552A1 (en) * 2011-05-03 2015-04-09 International Business Machines Corporation Calibration correlation for calibration assembly having electromagnetic read head
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108896398A (en) * 2018-08-31 2018-11-27 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 A kind of dynamic calibration equipment generating negative step load
CN108896398B (en) * 2018-08-31 2021-03-26 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 Dynamic calibration equipment for generating negative step load
CN109000848A (en) * 2018-10-17 2018-12-14 济南大学 A kind of pressure sensor dynamic calibration experimental rig for steel ball cold heading
CN110646135A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-03 吉林大学 Horizontal push-pull dynamometer detector
CN111174969A (en) * 2020-03-06 2020-05-19 合肥工业大学 Dynamic calibration equipment for multi-dimensional force sensor generating negative step

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