CN107653361B - Preparation process for deep-processed automobile steel plate - Google Patents
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
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- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation process of a deep-processing automobile steel plate, which changes the crystal structure of an alloy and strengthens the precipitation of texture and fine carbides by optimizing the steps of continuous annealing, galvanizing, smelting, hot rolling and the like of the preparation process of the deep-processing automobile steel plate and adjusting the alloy components of the steel plate, thereby improving the strength of the steel plate. The content of inclusions and the particle size in the casting blank after smelting are controlled, and the parameters of each process section of continuous annealing are finely controlled, so that good comprehensive performance is obtained. And moreover, a nano reinforcing phase is added in the galvanizing step, so that the components of the plating solution are optimized, and the surface performance of the steel plate is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of steel plate processing, in particular to a preparation process for a deep-processed automobile steel plate.
Background
70-80% of the automobile materials are steel materials, and represent the steel industry level of a country to a certain extent. China is synchronized with developed countries in the aspect of automobile technology level. With the continuous development of the automobile industry, the requirements on high-quality automobile steel are higher and higher, and the requirements are also higher and higher. Therefore, following the latest development trend of the automobile industry, the research and development of a new generation of automobile steel must become an important development direction of the basic research of the application of the steel industry in China. In the worldwide automobile industry, ultrahigh-strength steel plate materials are the focus of attention of the automobile industry worldwide at present. For deep-processing automobile steel plates, martensite steel and hot stamping forming steel are widely applied in the automobile industry, the tensile strength of the martensite steel is as high as 1500MPa, and the highest strength of the hot stamping forming steel can reach 1800MPa, so that the two high-strength steel can better meet the light weight requirement of automobiles, but for the two high-strength steel, the problems of surface decarburization and oxidation peeling can easily occur in a heating state, and the occurrence of the problems can directly influence the strength of the high-strength steel. High strength steels such as QP steel, TG steel, TWIP steel and the like are under investigation in addition to martensitic steels and hot press forming steels.
At present, the technical problems to be solved by deep processing of automobile steel plates are that besides better performance, lower production cost, individuality and special purpose of steel grades, the key points of particular attention are to optimize the production process to further refine the steel plates into fine grains, control the structure into fine grains and reduce the cost, further improve the forming performance of plates, improve the strength, reduce weight and save energy, optimize surface treatment to eliminate defects, improve the corrosion resistance, the painting property, the appearance and the like, and obtain a more durable service life under the condition of ensuring unchanged performance and process level.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a manufacturing process of a deep-processed steel sheet for an automobile, which can obtain a steel sheet for an automobile having grain refinement and having high strength and excellent surface properties. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the preparation process of the deep-processed automobile steel plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, RH vacuum treatment, continuous casting, hot rolling, cold rolling, continuous annealing and galvanizing; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
during the continuous annealing, the control parameters of each process section comprise: the preheating section is at 400-550 ℃, and the heating speed is 5-10 ℃/s; the heating section is 750-850 ℃, and the heating speed is 10-15 ℃/s; the soaking section is 800-900 ℃, and the soaking time is 300-500 s; the outlet temperature of the slow cooling section is 575-675 ℃, and the cooling speed of the slow cooling section is 2.5-10 ℃/s; the outlet temperature of the rapid cooling section is 400-450 ℃, and the cooling speed of the rapid cooling section is 50-100 ℃/s; the aging period is 350-400 ℃; the outlet temperature of the final cooling section is room temperature, and the cooling speed of the final cooling section is 10-20 ℃/s;
during galvanizing, the cathode current density is 5-10A/dm, the temperature is 30-50 ℃, the stirring speed is 200-400 r/min, and the plating solution contains 10-15 g/L of ZnO, 100-120 g/L of NaOH and nano SiC particles as a reinforcing phase.
The automobile steel plate comprises, by weight, not more than 0.005% of C, 0.20-0.35% of Si, 0.20-0.35% of Mn, 1.40-1.60% of Al, 0.50-0.80% of Zr, 0.10-0.50% of V, 0.10-0.50% of La, not more than 0.010% of P, not more than 0.010% of S, not more than 0.25% of Nb and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The yield strength of the automobile steel plate is 1000-1100 MPa, and the tensile strength of the automobile steel plate is 1500-1600 MPa.
Preferably, in the hot rolling process, the billet is heated to 1200-1250 ℃ and is kept warm for 1h, the hot rolling start rolling temperature is 1150 ℃, the thickness is 5mm after 6-pass rolling, the finish rolling temperature is above 900 ℃, the billet is curled at above 700 ℃, and then acid pickling is carried out.
Preferably, the molten iron pretreatment is that molten iron is subjected to pre-desulfurization, pre-dephosphorization and pre-decarburization before being smelted in a converter; after the converter smelting is matched with RH vacuum treatment, the content of C is controlled within 0.005 percent, and the content of S, P is controlled within 0.010 percent.
Preferably, the average particle size of the nano-SiC particles is about 50 nm.
The invention has the advantages that: through optimization of steps of continuous annealing, galvanizing, smelting, hot rolling and the like of the deep processing automobile steel plate preparation process and adjustment of steel plate alloy components, the crystal structure of the alloy is changed, the texture is strengthened, and fine carbides are precipitated, so that the strength of the steel plate is improved. The content of inclusions and the particle size in the casting blank after smelting are controlled, and the parameters of each process section of continuous annealing are finely controlled, so that good comprehensive performance is obtained. And moreover, a nano reinforcing phase is added in the galvanizing step, so that the components of the plating solution are optimized, and the surface performance of the steel plate is further improved.
Detailed Description
In order to realize the light weight of the automobile, the application of the light material is important. In the automobile industry, although the proportion of aluminum and plastic in automobile manufacturing is increasing, steel is still the main material for automobile manufacturing, so that the lightweight material of steel can better meet the requirement of automobile for light weight. The addition of a small amount of trace alloying elements to the steel sheet can increase the crystallization temperature of the steel sheet, so that the rolling work of the steel sheet can be easily completed at high temperature. The carbon nitrogen compound particles in the steel plate can be precipitated by adding a small amount of alloy elements, and the plasticity and good formability of the steel plate can be ensured while the strength of the steel plate is ensured.
The origin of non-metallic inclusions in steel is mainlyIn the refining process and the solidification process after converter tapping. In general, non-metallic inclusions are compounds of non-metallic elements carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, , oxygen in steel, wherein oxygen and sulfur compounds are the main ones, and they continuously change their composition, size, position and form in various processes before casting solidification. Inclusions can be classified into brittle inclusions, plastic inclusions and semi-plastic deformation according to their deformability. Wherein the plastic inclusions are elongated in the direction of the emulsion during the emulsion production, such as MnS, FeS, SiO2D, iso-salts of pantothenic acid; the semi-plastic inclusions being distributed in the form of chains during rolling, e.g. clustered Al2O3Etc.; the brittle inclusions being irregularly distributed during rolling because they do not plastically deform, e.g. Al2O3TiN, Ti (CN), MgO, silicate, spherical lead acid, etc. They can be classified into globular-point, cluster, block, dendritic sulfide, etc. according to the form of inclusions in the cast slab.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Example 1:
the preparation process of the deep-processed automobile steel plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps of molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, RH vacuum treatment, continuous casting, hot rolling, cold rolling, continuous annealing and galvanizing. In the hot rolling process, a billet is heated to 120 ℃ and is kept warm for 1h, the hot rolling start rolling temperature is 1150 ℃, the thickness is 5mm after 6 times of rolling, the finish rolling temperature is 900 ℃, the billet is curled at 700 ℃, and then acid pickling is carried out. The molten iron pretreatment is that molten iron is subjected to pre-desulfurization, pre-dephosphorization and pre-decarburization before being smelted in a converter; after the converter smelting is matched with RH vacuum treatment, the content of C is controlled within 0.005 percent, and the content of S, P is controlled within 0.010 percent. During the continuous annealing, the control parameters of each process section comprise: the preheating section is 400 ℃, and the heating speed is 5 ℃/s; the heating section is 750 ℃, and the heating speed is 10 ℃/s; the soaking section is 800 ℃, and the soaking time is 500 s; the outlet temperature of the slow cooling section is 575 ℃, and the cooling speed of the slow cooling section is 10 ℃/s; the outlet temperature of the fast cooling section is 400 ℃, and the cooling speed of the fast cooling section is 100 ℃/s; the aging period is 350 ℃; the outlet temperature of the final cooling section is room temperature, and the cooling speed of the final cooling section is 10 ℃/s. During the galvanization, the cathode current density is 5A/dm, the temperature is 30 ℃, the stirring speed is 400r/min, and the plating solution contains 10g/L of ZnO, 100g/L of NaOH and nano SiC particles as a reinforcing phase. The average particle diameter of the nano SiC particles is about 50 nm. The automobile steel plate comprises, by weight, 0.005% of C, 0.20% of Si, 0.20% of Mn, 1.60% of Al, 0.80% of Zr, 0.10% of V, 0.10% of La, less than or equal to 0.010% of P, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, 0.25% of Nb, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The yield strength of the automobile steel plate is 1000MPa, and the tensile strength of the automobile steel plate is 1500 MPa.
Example 2:
the preparation process of the deep-processed automobile steel plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps of molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, RH vacuum treatment, continuous casting, hot rolling, cold rolling, continuous annealing and galvanizing. In the hot rolling process, a billet is heated to 1250 ℃ and is kept warm for 1h, the hot rolling start rolling temperature is 1150 ℃, the thickness is 5mm after 6 times of rolling, the finish rolling temperature is 920 ℃, the billet is curled at 720 ℃, and then acid pickling is carried out. The molten iron pretreatment is that molten iron is subjected to pre-desulfurization, pre-dephosphorization and pre-decarburization before being smelted in a converter; after the converter smelting is matched with RH vacuum treatment, the content of C is controlled within 0.005 percent, and the content of S, P is controlled within 0.010 percent. During the continuous annealing, the control parameters of each process section comprise: the preheating section is 550 ℃, and the heating speed is 5 ℃/s; the heating section is 850 ℃, and the heating speed is 10 ℃/s; the soaking section is 900 ℃, and the soaking time is 300 s; the outlet temperature of the slow cooling section is 675 ℃, and the cooling speed of the slow cooling section is 2.5 ℃/s; the outlet temperature of the fast cooling section is 450 ℃, and the cooling speed of the fast cooling section is 50 ℃/s; the aging period is 400 ℃; the outlet temperature of the final cooling section is room temperature, and the cooling speed of the final cooling section is 20 ℃/s. During the galvanization, the cathode current density is 10A/dm, the temperature is 50 ℃, the stirring speed is 200r/min, and the plating solution contains 15g/L of ZnO, 120g/L of NaOH and nano SiC particles as a reinforcing phase. The average particle diameter of the nano SiC particles is about 50 nm. The automobile steel plate comprises, by weight, 0.003% of C, 0.35% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 1.60% of Al, 0.80% of Zr, 0.50% of V, 0.50% of La, less than or equal to 0.010% of P, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, 0.15% of Nb, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The yield strength of the automobile steel plate is 1100MPa, and the tensile strength of the automobile steel plate is 1600 MPa.
Example 3:
the preparation process of the deep-processed automobile steel plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps of molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, RH vacuum treatment, continuous casting, hot rolling, cold rolling, continuous annealing and galvanizing. In the hot rolling process, a billet is heated to 1200 ℃ and is kept warm for 1h, the hot rolling start rolling temperature is 1150 ℃, the thickness is 5mm after 6-pass rolling, the finish rolling temperature is 930 ℃, the billet is curled at 710 ℃, and then acid pickling is carried out. The molten iron pretreatment is that molten iron is subjected to pre-desulfurization, pre-dephosphorization and pre-decarburization before being smelted in a converter; after the converter smelting is matched with RH vacuum treatment, the content of C is controlled within 0.005 percent, and the content of S, P is controlled within 0.010 percent. During the continuous annealing, the control parameters of each process section comprise: the preheating section is 450 ℃, and the heating speed is 8 ℃/s; the heating section is 800 ℃, and the heating speed is 12 ℃/s; the soaking period is 850 ℃, and the soaking time is 400 s; the outlet temperature of the slow cooling section is 600 ℃, and the cooling speed of the slow cooling section is 5 ℃/s; the outlet temperature of the fast cooling section is 430 ℃, and the cooling speed of the fast cooling section is 80 ℃/s; the aging section is 380 ℃; the outlet temperature of the final cooling section is room temperature, and the cooling speed of the final cooling section is 15 ℃/s. During the galvanization, the cathode current density is 8A/dm, the temperature is 40 ℃, the stirring speed is 300r/min, and the plating solution contains 12g/L of ZnO, 110g/L of NaOH and nano SiC particles as a reinforcing phase. The average particle diameter of the nano SiC particles is about 50 nm. The automobile steel plate comprises, by weight, 0.004% of C, 0.30% of Si, 0.25% of Mn, 1.50% of Al, 0.60% of Zr, 0.40% of V, 0.30% of La, less than or equal to 0.010% of P, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, 0.20% of Nb and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The yield strength of the automobile steel plate is 1100MPa, and the tensile strength of the automobile steel plate is 1500 MPa.
Comparative example 1:
when the steel plate which is the same as the steel plate in the technical scheme of the invention is subjected to heat treatment which is different from the continuous annealing and galvanizing process of the invention, the automobile steel plate obtained by the heat treatment mode in the prior art cannot obtain the mechanical property and the surface property which are improved by the invention, the defects of thick microstructure, insufficient cleanliness, high production cost and the like exist, and the maximum yield strength and the tensile strength of the automobile steel plate cannot achieve the effect of the invention.
Comparative example 2:
the ingredients different from the preparation process of the invention are used as raw materials, especially when no rare earth element is added or the content ratio of Al, V and Nb elements is changed, larger Al is caused2O3And the inclusions can form inclusion belts in the rolling process, and the yield strength and the tensile strength of the obtained finished automobile steel plate are only 900MPa and 1000 MPa.
As can be seen from the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2, the invention changes the crystal structure of the alloy through the optimization of the steps of continuous annealing, galvanizing, smelting, hot rolling and the like of the preparation process of the deep-processing automobile steel plate and the adjustment of the alloy components of the steel plate, strengthens the texture and the precipitation of fine carbides, and further improves the strength of the steel plate. The content of inclusions and the particle size in the casting blank after smelting are controlled, and the parameters of each process section of continuous annealing are finely controlled, so that good comprehensive performance is obtained. And moreover, a nano reinforcing phase is added in the galvanizing step, so that the components of the plating solution are optimized, and the surface performance of the steel plate is further improved.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation process of the deep-processed automobile steel plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, RH vacuum treatment, continuous casting, hot rolling, cold rolling, continuous annealing and galvanizing; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
during the continuous annealing, the control parameters of each process section comprise: the preheating section is at 400-550 ℃, and the heating speed is 5-10 ℃/s; the heating section is 750-850 ℃, and the heating speed is 10-15 ℃/s; the soaking section is 800-900 ℃, and the soaking time is 300-500 s; the outlet temperature of the slow cooling section is 575-675 ℃, and the cooling speed of the slow cooling section is 2.5-10 ℃/s; the outlet temperature of the rapid cooling section is 400-450 ℃, and the cooling speed of the rapid cooling section is 50-100 ℃/s; the aging period is 350-400 ℃; the outlet temperature of the final cooling section is room temperature, and the cooling speed of the final cooling section is 10-20 ℃/s;
during galvanizing, the cathode current density is 5-10A/dm, the temperature is 30-50 ℃, the stirring speed is 200-400 r/min, and the plating solution contains 10-15 g/L of ZnO, 100-120 g/L of NaOH and nano SiC particles as a reinforcing phase;
the automobile steel plate comprises the following main components, by weight, less than or equal to 0.005% of C, 0.20-0.35% of Si, 0.20-0.35% of Mn, 1.40-1.60% of Al, 0.50-0.80% of Zr, 0.10-0.50% of V, 0.10-0.50% of La, less than or equal to 0.010% of P, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, less than or equal to 0.25% of Nb, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the yield strength of the automobile steel plate is 1000-1100 MPa, and the tensile strength of the automobile steel plate is 1500-1600 MPa.
2. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the hot rolling process, a billet is heated to 1200-1250 ℃ and is kept warm for 1h, the hot rolling initial rolling temperature is 1150 ℃, the thickness is 5mm after 6 times of rolling, the final rolling temperature is above 900 ℃, the billet is curled at above 700 ℃, and then acid pickling is carried out.
3. The production process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the molten iron pretreatment is that molten iron is subjected to pre-desulfurization, pre-dephosphorization and pre-decarburization before being smelted in a converter; after the converter smelting is matched with RH vacuum treatment, the content of C is controlled within 0.005 percent, and the content of S, P is controlled within 0.010 percent.
4. The process according to claim 3, characterized in that: the average particle diameter of the nano SiC particles is 50 nm.
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