Plant essential oil for pet skin health care and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pet breeding, and particularly relates to plant essential oil for pet skin health care.
Background
Pets play an important role in the life of today as the most intimate companion animal for humans. However, due to unscientific feeding management, unreasonable bath, unbalanced dietary nutrition and other reasons, the skin and fur of the pet are damaged, so that the fur is withered and unhaired, the appearance is seriously affected, and even skin diseases occur.
At present, pet skin care products in the market are various in types, but functional care products with comprehensive functions are lacked, even some products are expensive, the requirements of broad pet holders cannot be met, and natural green pet skin care products are few. How to effectively and daily care pets is a very troublesome task for pet fans, and how to prevent and treat skin diseases of pets is an important problem for pet fans.
Many traditional Chinese medicines have obvious skin care effect and small side effect. For example, the Chinese medicinal materials with whitening effect include radix Saposhnikoviae, Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, radix Ginseng, radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Poria, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, semen Persicae, Bombyx Batryticatus, rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, Coicis semen, flos persicae, Ganoderma, etc.; the Chinese medicinal materials with antiinflammatory and antibacterial effects include cortex Phellodendri, Coptidis rhizoma, cortex Dictamni Radicis, semen Hydnocarpi, Scutellariae radix, cortex moutan, radix Arnebiae, and fructus Gardeniae; the Chinese medicinal materials with effects of keeping moisture and resisting aging include Ginseng radix, radix Ophiopogonis, Ganoderma, radix asparagi, fructus Lycii, radix astragali, radix Angelicae sinensis, Notoginseng radix, herba Leonuri, Poria, radix Angelicae Dahuricae, semen Armeniacae amarum, Margarita, Trichosanthis radix, Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix, etc. These traditional Chinese medicines have been widely used in human care.
Therefore, based on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the skin of the pet and the pharmacological action of the traditional Chinese medicine, the compounding principle and principle of a plant essential oil system are combined; aiming at protecting pet skin and preventing and treating skin diseases, the invention provides the plant essential oil which is convenient to use, can reduce the incidence rate of the skin diseases, has the health-care effect on the pet skin, improves the life quality of the pet skin and has treatment value on common skin diseases of pets.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the plant essential oil for pet skin health care.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a plant essential oil for pet skin health care comprises, by weight, 8-15 parts of dill essential oil, 2-4 parts of angelica essential oil, 1-4 parts of salvia essential oil, 30-50 parts of lecithin, 10-15 parts of cholesterol, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin E, 0.1-0.6 part of α -lipoic acid and 10-15 parts of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution.
The citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is composed of 6-8 parts of 0.1 mol/L citric acid and 12-15 parts of 0.1 mol/L sodium citrate.
The preparation method of the plant essential oil comprises the following steps:
(a) respectively weighing dill essential oil, angelica essential oil, salvia essential oil, lecithin, cholesterol, vitamin E and α -lipoic acid, putting the dill essential oil, the angelica essential oil, the salvia essential oil, the lecithin, the cholesterol, the vitamin E and the α -lipoic acid into a suspension-steaming bottle, uniformly mixing, and dissolving the mixture into a dichloromethane-ether mixed organic solution according to the weight ratio of 4: 2;
(b) after fully dissolving in the step a, decompressing and evaporating, then adding a citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, uniformly stirring, hydrating for 1h, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 3 min to obtain a finished product;
(c) the steps are carried out under the condition of nitrogen protection.
Preferably, the plant essential oil for pet skin health comprises, by weight, 12 parts of dill essential oil, 4 parts of angelica essential oil, 4 parts of salvia essential oil, 45 parts of lecithin, 15 parts of cholesterol, 0.3 part of vitamin E, 0.4 part of α -lipoic acid and 15 parts of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, wherein the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is composed of 8 parts of 0.1 mol/L citric acid and 12 parts of 0.1 mol/L sodium citrate.
The dill essential oil, the angelica essential oil and the salvia essential oil are prepared by a distillation method and a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method, wherein the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method is used for extracting at the extraction temperature of 40 ℃, the extraction pressure of 28MPa, the flow rate of 15L/h and the extraction time of 180 min.
Dill in the plant essential oil is variety of Pleurospermum latifolium of Pleurospermum of Umbelliferae, mainly produced in Jiangsu Xinghua, and the fruit can be used as medicine or edible spice, and the modern medical research proves that the dill has the effect of caring skin and killing part of dermatophyte.
The angelica dahurica in the plant essential oil is fragrant, white and slightly warm in taste, is used as a beautifying medicine for external use, and is used in ancient beautifying formulas.
The salvia miltiorrhiza bunge in the plant essential oil has natural antioxidation, delays skin aging, has a strong killing effect on staphylococcus causing canine and feline skin diseases, and can improve skin microcirculation and promote skin wound repair.
The lecithin, cholesterol and vitamin E in the plant essential oil are mixed according to a certain proportion to form liposome, so that the essential oil metabolism is delayed, the slow release effect is achieved, the action time is prolonged, the side effect of the essential oil is reduced, and the stability of the essential oil is improved.
The α -lipoic acid in the plant essential oil is an antioxidant, has obvious effects of resisting wrinkles, reducing the formation of fine lines of skin and protecting skin cells from being damaged by ultraviolet rays, and has obvious effects of preventing skin aging.
The plant essential oil for pet skin health care can be used for dog and cat skin care and skin disease prevention, and can be prepared into shampoo, cream or gel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects: the plant essential oil for pet skin health care has no toxicity or stimulation to pet skin, can play a role in retaining water and improving skin antioxidant capacity, thereby improving the disease resistance of pet skin, reducing the morbidity of skin diseases, having the health care effect on the pet skin, improving the life quality of the pet skin, and having treatment value on common skin diseases of pets.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the change in the mass of the intact skin before and after acute toxicity test;
FIG. 2 shows the change of the body mass before and after the acute toxicity test of the damaged skin;
FIG. 3 shows the results of rabbit skin irritation experiments;
FIG. 4 shows the skin hydration rate of each group;
FIG. 5 shows the results of MDA, GSH-Px and SOD detection in the skin tissues of each experimental group;
FIG. 6 variation of Hyp content in skin of each group;
FIG. 7 variation in cure rate for various skin diseases in dogs;
figure 8 variation of treatment sessions for each group.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The plant essential oil for pet skin health comprises, by weight, 8 parts of dill essential oil, 2 parts of angelica essential oil, 1 part of salvia essential oil, 30 parts of lecithin, 10 parts of cholesterol, 0.1 part of vitamin E, 0.1 part of α -lipoic acid and 10 parts of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, wherein the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is composed of 6 parts of 0.1 mol/L citric acid and 12 parts of 0.1 mol/L sodium citrate.
The preparation method of the plant essential oil comprises the following steps:
(a) respectively weighing dill essential oil, angelica essential oil, salvia essential oil, lecithin, cholesterol, vitamin E and α -lipoic acid, putting the dill essential oil, the angelica essential oil, the salvia essential oil, the lecithin, the cholesterol, the vitamin E and the α -lipoic acid into a suspension-steaming bottle, uniformly mixing, and dissolving the mixture into a dichloromethane-ether mixed organic solution according to the weight ratio of 4: 2;
(b) after fully dissolving in the step a, decompressing and evaporating, then adding a citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, uniformly stirring, hydrating for 1h, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 3 min to obtain a finished product;
(c) the steps are carried out under the condition of nitrogen protection.
Example 2
The plant essential oil for pet skin health comprises, by weight, 12 parts of dill essential oil, 4 parts of angelica essential oil, 4 parts of salvia essential oil, 45 parts of lecithin, 15 parts of cholesterol, 0.3 part of vitamin E, 0.4 part of α -lipoic acid and 15 parts of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, wherein the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is composed of 8 parts of 0.1 mol/L citric acid and 12 parts of 0.1 mol/L sodium citrate.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3
The plant essential oil for pet skin health comprises, by weight, 10 parts of dill essential oil, 3 parts of angelica essential oil, 2 parts of salvia essential oil, 50 parts of lecithin, 13 parts of cholesterol, 0.5 part of vitamin E, 0.2 part of α -lipoic acid and 12 parts of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, wherein the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is composed of 7 parts of 0.1 mol/L citric acid and 13 parts of 0.1 mol/L sodium citrate.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 4
The plant essential oil for pet skin health comprises, by weight, 9 parts of dill essential oil, 2 parts of angelica essential oil, 4 parts of salvia essential oil, 35 parts of lecithin, 14 parts of cholesterol, 0.2 part of vitamin E, 0.6 part of α -lipoic acid and 10 parts of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, wherein the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is composed of 8 parts of 0.1 mol/L citric acid and 14 parts of 0.1 mol/L sodium citrate.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 5
The plant essential oil for pet skin health comprises, by weight, 14 parts of dill essential oil, 4 parts of angelica essential oil, 4 parts of salvia essential oil, 50 parts of lecithin, 11 parts of cholesterol, 0.1 part of vitamin E, 0.5 part of α -lipoic acid and 13 parts of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer, wherein the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer consists of 8 parts of 0.1 mol/L citric acid and 15 parts of 0.1 mol/L sodium citrate.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 6
The plant essential oil for pet skin health comprises, by weight, 15 parts of dill essential oil, 4 parts of angelica essential oil, 4 parts of salvia essential oil, 48 parts of lecithin, 15 parts of cholesterol, 0.4 part of vitamin E, 0.3 part of α -lipoic acid and 12 parts of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, wherein the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is composed of 8 parts of 0.1 mol/L citric acid and 12 parts of 0.1 mol/L sodium citrate.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Clinical animal experiments prove that the plant essential oil for pet dog and cat skin health care designed and prepared in the embodiment has good effects in the aspects of water retention, oxidation resistance, reduction of the incidence rate of skin diseases and the like, and the clinical experiment effect is as follows.
Effect experiment of plant essential oil for pet skin health care
Example 7: acute toxicity test and irritation test of skin
1 materials and methods
1.1 acute toxicity test of skin
56 rabbits were numbered from low to high in body mass and then divided into 14 groups, i.e., an intact skin control group, intact skin test examples 1 to 6 groups, a damaged skin control group and damaged skin test examples 1 to 6 groups, each of which was 4, by a random number table method. 24h before administration, the backs of all experimental rabbits were depilated by electric hair clipper, and the depilated area was about 50 cm2Then, damaged skin modeling is carried out, the hair removal areas on the backs of the experimental rabbits of the experimental groups 1 to 6 of the damaged skin experimental examples and the damaged skin control group are disinfected by 75 percent of alcohol, and a sterile blade is used for marking a 'well' shape on the hair removal areas by taking blood seepage as a degree; after 24 hours of unhairing and modeling, uniformly smearing 3 g of the plant essential oil on the back unhairing areas of the experimental rabbits of the complete skin experimental group and the damaged skin experimental group, and not performing any treatment on the experimental rabbits of the complete skin control group and the damaged skin control group; after 24h of administration, residual drug in the depilated area of the back of all the experimental rabbits was washed with warm water, and observation was started after the drug was eluted, continuously for 14 d, 2 times a day.
According to the research method of drug toxicology, an experimental animal observation indication table is drawn up for observation. The items in the table include changes in the skin, hair, diet, stool, respiration, eyes and mucous membranes of the experimental rabbits, mental status, activities of the limbs and death. And if death occurs, necropsy and visual observation are carried out in time, and pathological histological examination is carried out when pathological changes are visible to the naked eyes. The mass was weighed before and 14 d after administration.
1.2 skin irritation test
14 rabbits were treated from low to high according to body constitutionNumbering, dividing into 2 groups by random number table method, i.e. complete skin group and damaged skin group, 7 in each group, and symmetrically depilating 8 blocks with electric hair clipper from neck to back of all experimental rabbits, wherein the depilating area is about 9 cm2. Then, damaged skin modeling is carried out, the depilating area of the damaged skin experimental group is disinfected by 75% alcohol, and then a sterile blade is used for depilating the zone in a cross shape with the degree of blood seepage. After 24h of unhairing and modeling, 0.2g of the plant essential oil of the embodiment 1-6 is respectively coated on 6 unhairing areas of 8 experimental rabbits of a complete skin group and a damaged skin group, the rest 1 is used as a blank control without any treatment, and the other is coated with vaseline to be used as a control group. Within 2h after each application, the skin reaction is observed for 1 time every 30min, and then the vest type dressing is immediately performed for protection and fixation. After applying the medicine for 24h, removing all the bandage, washing the medicine and excipient with warm water, observing the change of the skin of each test area, if abnormal manifestations such as no erythema, eruption, edema and pain are found on the part, stopping applying the medicine, if the abnormal manifestations are not found, continuing applying the medicine for 1 time every day, stopping applying the medicine for 6 days and 7 days, removing the bandage, and observing the skin reaction. According to the toxicological standard of the medicine, the skin irritation is scored by using the skin irritation response scoring standard, and the skin irritation of the plant essential oil is determined according to the skin irritation intensity evaluating standard.
2 results
2.1 results of acute toxicity test on intact skin
After the experiment is finished, the skin, hair, diet, stool, breath, body temperature, eyes and mucous membrane, mental state and limb activities of 7 groups of experimental rabbits are normal, and no death occurs in the experimental period. The body mass is weighed before and after the experiment (figure 1), and compared with the complete skin experiment group and the complete skin control group in 6 groups, the body mass has no obvious difference (P>0.05)。
2.2 results of acute toxicity test on damaged skin
After the experiment is finished, the skin, hair, diet, stool, breath, body temperature, eyes and mucous membrane, mental state and limb activities of 7 groups of experimental rabbits are normal, and no death occurs in the experimental period. The body mass was weighed before and after the experiment (FIG. 2), 6 groups of the experimental groups of damaged skin and the pairs of damaged skinCompared with the group, the body quality has no obvious difference (P>0.05)。
2.3 results of skin irritation test
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the skin of each test area of the intact skin group and the broken skin group was observed to have no local reactions such as edema, rash, erythema, etc. by applying the drug to each test area for 7 days continuously for 1 time per day. Therefore, the skin irritation response is 0, and the skin irritation response is less than the specified irritation index range, which indicates that the plant essential oil has no skin irritation and meets the requirement.
In the acute toxicity test of rabbit skin, after the test rabbits with complete skin and damaged skin are contacted with the plant essential oil at one time, no acute toxicity reaction occurs in a short period, and the body quality of the test rabbits is not different from that of the test rabbits of a control group, which indicates that the plant essential oil has no acute toxicity reaction after being applied to the skin. In the skin irritation test, no skin erythema or edema appeared on the test rabbits of either intact skin or broken skin group after contacting with the plant essential oil of the invention, indicating no skin irritation.
Example 8: research on health care and nursing effect of dog skin
1 evaluation test of moisturizing Properties of skin
1.1 Experimental methods
Selecting 10 healthy poodle dogs of the pet breeding center in Jiangsu province, wherein the health poodle dogs are 2-5 years old, half-and-half in sex and complete in immunity and free of allergic disease history, and the tested animals do not use any bath supplies or external medicines 3-5 days before the experiment, marking 2 experiment areas of 3cm × 3cm on the left forearm of the tested animals and 2 experiment areas of 3cm × 3cm on the right forearm in the experiment, respectively shearing hairs and sterilizing, respectively performing different treatments on 4 experiment areas of the same tested animals to form a blank control group without smearing any substances, smearing common Vaseline on the control group, smearing the plant essential oil prepared according to example 2 on the experiment group, smearing the plant essential oil prepared according to example 6 on the experiment group, measuring the water content of each experiment area by adopting a capacitance method, and then smearing 5.0mg of samples/cm2The amount of the compound is that all experimental products are evenly coated on an experimental area. The skin content of each test area was measured at 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h and 12h after applicationAnd (4) water quantity.
Data processing: the skin hydration change rate = [ skin hydration (each experimental group) -skin hydration (blank control group) ]/skin hydration (blank control group) × 100% was calculated.
1.2 results
The results of the skin hydration rate are shown in FIG. 4. It can be seen that the skin hydration degree is the greatest after 1h of using the plant essential oil; the skin hydration degree change rate of the experimental group and the experimental group is maintained to be more than 40% within 8 hours after the application and is in a relatively stable state; after 12h after use, the skin hydration degree of the experimental group is improved by 42.7 percent, which is better than 38.5 percent of the experimental group and 29.0 percent of the control group. The plant essential oil has good water retention effect.
2 research on antioxidation and anti-aging effects of skin
2.1 Experimental methods
Selecting 25 healthy poodle dogs of pet breeding center in Jiangsu province, wherein the dogs are aged 2-5 years, half and half in males and females, complete in immunity and free of allergy history, and 3-5 days before experiment, wherein the tested animals do not use any bath product or external medicine, hair on the back of the experimental dog is removed by electric hair clippers, and the hair removal area is about 36 cm2. 25 dogs were divided into five groups according to a completely random method: blank control group, aging model group, low dose experiment group, medium dose experiment group and high dose experiment group. The test dogs in the aging model group, the low-dose experiment group, the medium-dose experiment group and the high-dose experiment group are injected with 1% D-galactose solution subcutaneously at 50mg/kg of the unhaired part, and the blank control group is injected with the same amount of physiological saline. After 1h, each group was treated: the blank control group and the aging model group were not treated; low dose test group the plant essential oil of example 2 was prepared at 2.0mg/cm2The dosage of the composition is uniformly coated in an experimental area; the plant essential oil in example 2 is taken according to the ratio of 5.0mg/cm in a medium-dose experimental group2The dosage of the composition is uniformly coated in an experimental area; high dose test group the plant essential oil of example 2 was taken at 10.0mg/cm2The dosage of the composition is uniformly coated in an experimental area. The preparation is administered 1 time per day for 7 days.
2.2 detection of indicators and data processing
After the experiment, 0.5 g of depilatory skin tissue is taken, pre-cooled normal saline is used for rinsing, subcutaneous fat and other connective tissues are removed, filter paper is used for wiping, weighing is carried out, and the tissue block is taken to be prepared into 10% tissue homogenate by 9 times of the weight of the normal saline. Respectively measuring the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of glutathione antioxidant enzyme (GSH-Px), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the homogenate by using a 722 grating spectrophotometer (Shanghai precision scientific instruments, Ltd.), wherein the reagents are provided by Nanjing as a bioengineering research institute. Statistical data testing was performed using SPSS19.0 software and results are expressed as mean. + -. standard deviation.
2.3 results
The results of MDA, GSH-Px and SOD detection are shown in FIG. 5. Compared with the blank control group, the GSH-Px and SOD activity of the aging model group is obviously reduced, and the MDA content is obviously increased (P<0.01); the GSH-Px and SOD activities of the medium and high dose groups have no obvious difference (P>0.05), MDA slightly higher than that of blank control group (P<0.05); SOD significantly decreased in the low dose group (P<0.01), GSH-Px is slightly lower (P<0.05), MDA is significantly elevated (P<0.01). Compared with aging model group, the GSH-Px and SOD activity of the medium and high dose groups are obviously improved, and the MDA content is obviously reduced (P<0.01); the GSH-Px, SOD and MDA of the low dose group also have obvious changes (P<0.05). The results suggest that the plant essential oil can improve the oxidation resistance of the aged skin tissues of pets, and has dose-effect relationship in a certain range.
The Hyp content results in skin are shown in fig. 6. It can be seen that the Hyp content in the skin was increased with a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the medium-dose group and the high-dose group, compared to the aging model group, while the change was not significant in the low-dose group (P > 0.05); compared with the blank control group, the Hyp content in the skin of the medium-dose group and the high-dose group has no obvious change (P > 0.05). The result shows that the pet plant essential oil has a certain effect of resisting skin aging.
3. Research on adjuvant therapy effect of canine common skin diseases
3.1 case data
10 cases of dog acarid skin disease, fungal skin disease and bacterial skin disease of Tai Eimei pasture pet hospital and Tai pasture animal hospital in Tazhou city are selected respectively. Each disease was divided into 2 groups at random, and a conventional treatment group and an experimental group. The conventional treatment group adopts methods of removing causes, symptomatic treatment and the like, and the experimental group coats a proper amount of the plant essential oil of the example 2 on the affected part on the basis of the conventional treatment method for 3-4 times per day.
3.2 Effect determination
Mainly judging the effect by adopting a cure rate and a treatment course, wherein the cure rate = the number of cured animals/total cases × 100%; the treatment course is the time required for healing, and the change rate of the treatment course is = (treatment course of a control group-treatment course of an experimental group)/treatment course of the control group is 100 percent in days.
3.3 results
The results are shown in FIG. 7. It can be seen that the plant essential oil has improved cure rate for acarid dermatosis, fungal dermatosis and bacterial dermatosis, and achieves adjuvant treatment effect. In addition, as can be seen from the results in fig. 8, the plant essential oil of the present invention can shorten the treatment course of acariasis, dermatomycosis and bacterial dermatosis by 16.7%, 25.7% and 20%, respectively.
In conclusion, the plant essential oil for pet skin health care has no toxicity or irritation to pet skin, can play a role in retaining water and improving skin antioxidant capacity, thereby improving the disease resistance of pet skin, reducing the morbidity of skin diseases, having a health care effect on pet skin, improving the life quality of the pet skin, and having a treatment value on common skin diseases of pets.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.