CN107637411B - Cultivation method of long-column paris polyphylla - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating long-column paris polyphylla, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a slope or gentle slope with the sea level of 1200-1800m and humus soil or fertile sandy soil; 2) after the seeds of the paris polyphylla are ripe in the later period of 9 months, harvesting fruits with green and red hulls; removing shells of the fruits, scattering seeds in the fruits by using sand, washing the seeds by using clear water, slightly airing the seeds, and mixing the seeds and the sand in a ratio of 1:4 to 1:6 to form a mixture for storage; 3) the mixture of the seeds and the sand is broadcast on a prepared seedbed for seedling in 11 months, the seedlings are covered and kept warm, and the covering is removed after the seedlings emerge in the second year for continuous seedling culture; 4) transplanting the seedlings in 3 months in the third year after sowing.

Description

Cultivation method of long-column paris polyphylla

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of paris polyphylla.

Background

Paris polyphylla basic source plants specified in the pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China (2010) are Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) hand. Rhizoma paridis is an important raw material in the compatibility of Yunnan white drug powder and traditional Chinese medicines. Rhizoma paridis (Paris forrestii (takth.) h.li) is one of the rhizoma paridis, is a heat-clearing and detoxifying drug commonly used in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, and is widely applied to carbuncle-abscess sores, sore throat, innominate toxic swelling, venomous snake bite, fever, snake and insect bite, parotitis, tonsillitis and the like. Since the market demand is maintained by depending on wild resources for a long time, the natural resources of the long-column paris polyphylla are extremely scarce, and the market demand is increased year by year. However, the natural germination period of the paris polyphylla seeds is long, the germination rate is low, and the seeds usually need 2 to 3 years for germination and seedling formation; and the rootstocks grow slowly, 4-6 years are needed from the emergence of seedlings to the harvesting of the pesticide, and the biological characteristic restricts the speed of artificial planting development.

At present, the main method for growing seedlings of paris polyphylla mainly comprises two methods of growing seedlings by cutting rhizomes into sections and growing seedlings by seeds. Although the seedling period is short, the seedling cost is high; in the seedling raising of the paris polyphylla seeds, due to the physiological characteristic of after-ripening of seed embryos, the cultivation period is long and the growth is slow. The stage from the seed germination to the stage before the seed is planted in the field is called a seedling raising stage, which is limited by the biological characteristics of the paris polyphylla, the seedling of the germination is very slow in growth, and the seedling for production, which is 8 to 10 g in rhizome weight and is usually cultivated, needs 3 to 4 years. The wild long-column Paris polyphylla grows at the altitude of 1800 and 2800 meters, seedlings emerge in the early 3 months, flowers in the 4 months and fruits mature and naturally fall off in the middle and later 9 months. Although there are experiences of other paris polyphylla varieties, the cultivation techniques are to be improved, and different paris polyphylla varieties have different cultivation methods due to different growth habits, the cultivation experiences of other paris polyphylla are not necessarily suitable for long-column paris polyphylla, and the long-column paris polyphylla has continuously improved requirements on artificial cultivation at present. The artificial cultivation of the long-column paris polyphylla can not be generally carried out in a high altitude place with the altitude of more than 2500 m, and the altitude suitable for the growth of the long-column paris polyphylla is generally 1200 m-2200 m.

Therefore, the seed cultivation of Paris polyphylla has been an urgent problem in the art, and there is a need in the art for a feasible, low-cost, large-scale rapid seedling cultivation technique for Paris polyphylla.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for cultivating paris polyphylla, and the method provided by the invention overcomes the problems of long seed germination period, fragile seedling development, low survival rate of plant transplantation, long seedling period, low seed setting rate and the like of paris polyphylla.

Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method of growing a long column paris polyphylla, the method including the steps of:

1) selecting a slope or gentle slope with the sea level of 1200-1800m and humus soil or fertile sandy soil;

2) after the seeds of the paris polyphylla are ripe in the later period of 9 months, harvesting fruits with green or red hulls;

3) removing the fruit shell and using sand to rub the seeds in the shell;

4) cleaning the seeds with clear water, and slightly airing the seeds;

5) mixing the seeds with sand in a weight ratio of 1:4 to 1:6, preferably 1:5, to form a mixed deposit;

6) the mixture of the seeds and the sandy soil is broadcast on a prepared seedbed for seedling in 11 months, the seedbed is covered and insulated, and the covering is removed after seedling emergence in the second year to continue seedling culture;

7) transplanting the seedlings in 3 months in the third year after sowing.

In a preferred embodiment, in said step 5), said seed and sand mix is packed in a gas permeable bag and said gas permeable bag is buried in the soil.

In a preferred embodiment, in said step 6), said mixture of seeds and sandy soil is broadcast over a ridge.

In a preferred embodiment, in said step 6), said cover incubation is performed by covering with straw.

In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method of increasing seed set rate of paris polyphylla, the method comprising the steps of:

1) carrying out artificial pollination in the flowering phase of 4 months, wherein the pollination time is 8:00-11:00 in the morning or 3:00-7:00 in the afternoon;

the pollination method is selected from: (1) pollinating pistils by using a writing brush for many times; (2) when the flower is blooming with powder, the pistil is pinched by hand for a few times; and (3) pollinating the collected pollen to the stamen for multiple times after collecting the pollen;

2) and harvesting seeds of Paris polyphylla in 9 months.

In a third aspect, the present invention also provides a method for cultivating a long-column paris polyphylla, which comprises the steps of:

1) selecting a slope or gentle slope with the sea level of 1200-1800m and humus soil or fertile sandy soil;

2) after the seeds of the paris polyphylla are ripe in the later period of 9 months, harvesting fruits with green or red hulls;

3) removing the fruit shell and using sand to rub the seeds in the shell;

4) cleaning the seeds with clear water, and slightly airing the seeds;

5) mixing the seeds with sandy soil at a weight ratio of 1:4 to 1:6, preferably 1:5, and preserving;

6) the mixture of the seeds and the sandy soil is broadcast on a prepared seedbed for seedling in 11 months, the seedbed is covered and insulated, and the covering is removed after seedling emergence in the second year to continue seedling culture;

7) transplanting seedlings in 3 months in the third year after sowing;

8) artificial pollination is carried out in the flowering phase of 4 months, the pollination time is 8:00-11:00 in the morning or 3:00-7:00 in the afternoon,

the pollination method is selected from: (1) pollinating pistils by using a writing brush for many times; (2) when the flower is blooming with powder, the pistil is pinched by hand for a few times; and (3) pollinating the collected pollen to the stamen for multiple times after collecting the pollen;

9) and harvesting seeds of Paris polyphylla in 9 months.

The invention provides a feasible, low-cost and large-scale rapid cultivation technology for long-column paris polyphylla seedlings.

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a natural method for quickly cultivating paris polyphylla seedlings, and solves the problems of long germination period, fragile seedling development, low survival rate of plant transplantation, long seedling period, low seed setting rate and the like of paris polyphylla seeds.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

Detailed Description

The objects and functions of the present invention and methods for accomplishing the same will be apparent by reference to the exemplary embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed below; it can be implemented in different forms. The nature of the description is merely to assist those skilled in the relevant art in a comprehensive understanding of the specific details of the invention.

In the invention, the inventor utilizes peeling of fresh fruits (fruits are mildewed and rotten after long-term storage and lose germination capacity), seed rubbing, seed cleaning (fruit pulp-aril stuck on the seeds inhibits germination), and sand-mixed sowing of the seeds, so that the artificial seedling culture of the paris polyphylla is far higher than natural propagation.

The sandy soil used in the present invention is a mixture of sand and soil, preferably a mixture of sand and humus.

Slightly dry means that the seed is still wet, but the surface is free of moisture.

The inventor has conducted a study on the cultivation technique of long-column paris polyphylla from 2011-2016 for up to 6 years. The test site selects Sanhecun of Luzhu town of Lushu city in Yunnan Yangjiang, the sea level is 1200 + 1700m, the annual rainfall is more than 800mm, the annual average temperature is 13-20 ℃, the climate is humid, the soil layer is deep, loose and fertile, the soil is rich in humus, the soil is neutral or slightly acidic, and the slope or gentle slope or flat land has good drainage.

Examples

In the embodiment, 13000 grains are measured for 1 jin of paris polyphylla seeds, and about 1 jin of seeds are produced for 6 jin of seeds with fruits.

Example 1

In the later period of 9 months, 0.8 jin of long-column paris polyphylla seeds without green bales and sand scattered are directly broadcast according to 2500 grains per square meter, and the emergence rate of seedlings in 3 months (one year) in the second year is 30 percent; the emergence rate of seedlings (second-year seedlings) is 9% at the beginning of 3 months in the third year, and seedlings are transplanted in the third year; the seedlings are emerged at the beginning of 3 months in the fourth year (seedlings in three years), and 2-3 leaf seedlings account for more than half. More than 10 seedlings bloom, and about 4000 seedlings emerge.

Example 2

At the later stage of 9 months, removing 1.3 jin of seeds of the long-column paris polyphylla after green-covering, rubbing the seeds with sand, washing the seeds with clear water, slightly airing the seeds for moisture, uniformly mixing the seeds with sand soil (1:5), burying the mixture in the soil by using a breathable bag, preparing the field blocks in 11 months, directly scattering the seeds on ridges according to 2500 grains per square meter, covering straws on the field blocks, keeping warm and preventing weeds, and keeping the rest conditions the same as in example 1. Transplanting seedlings in the third year. The sandy soil used in this embodiment is a mixture of sand and humus soil, and the weight ratio of sand to humus soil used in the embodiment of the present invention is 6:4, but the ratio may be 4:6 to 8: 2.

Emergence rate is 68% at the beginning of 3 months in the second year and in the first year;

emergence rate is 23% at the beginning of 3 months in the third year and in the second year;

the total emergence rate is about 15000 seedlings.

In the embodiment, the seeds are mixed with the soil, so that the seeds mixed with the soil are uniformly dispersed, the water and the nutrients in the soil are easily absorbed, the normal development and growth of the seeds are ensured, the seeds are uniformly sowed, and the seeds cannot be adhered to form clusters to cause mildewing and rotting of the seeds.

Example 3

At the later stage of 9 months, picking fruits after the seeds are ripe, rubbing 1 jin of seeds without green coats with sand, washing the seeds with clear water, slightly airing the seeds for moisture, uniformly mixing the seeds with sandy soil (1:5), burying the seeds in air-permeable bags in the soil until 11 months, preparing soil crust, directly broadcasting the seeds according to 2500 per square meter, covering with straws, and keeping the rest conditions the same as those of example 1. Transplanting seedlings in the third year.

Emergence rate of 35% in early 3 months in 2014 (first year);

emergence rate of seedlings is 11% in the early 3 months in 2015 and in the second year;

the total seedling emergence is about 6000 seedlings.

Example 4

In the later period of 9 months, seeds of the paris polyphylla are scattered by using sand, the seeds are cleaned by clear water and are scattered after being slightly dried, and no seedling emergence appears in 2 nd and 3 rd years.

Example 5

In the later period of 9 months, a few jin of seeds are collected and scattered by sand, the seeds are washed by clean water and dried in the air, the seeds are placed in a refrigerator for refrigeration, the seeds are scattered in 11 months, the rice straws are covered until the seedling emergence is not realized in the third month of the second year (2015), the seedling emergence rate is 90% in the third year (2016), and the seedling emergence is delayed for one year.

Example 6

The seedlings were sown on mountain soil by spreading mountain humus soil (mountain soil) on the seedbed, and examples 1-3 were repeated under the same conditions, with the rate of emergence being only 5% in 3 months of the second year. The mountain soil is a small layer of soil under the forest after the leaves are scraped.

Example 7

The seeds are evenly mixed with sandy loam or black soil (1:5 or 1:8), the mixture is buried in soil by using a ventilating bag, the examples 1 to 3 are repeated according to the same conditions, and the emergence rate in 3 months in the next year is only 5 percent. Sandy loam refers to soil with a large sand content.

Example 8

The paris polyphylla is subjected to seedling raising test by using the scattering method of the embodiment 1 to 3 and 3 jin of green packages respectively, the seedling emergence in the first year is zero, and only 10 seedlings are obtained in the seedling emergence in the second year.

Example 9 cultivation of Long-column Paris polyphylla

Transplanting the seedlings of the examples 1 to 3 in the third year, and carrying out subsequent cultivation of the paris polyphylla with long columns.

Land selection and land preparation: selecting a forest shade (the shading rate is about 50%) plot with a deep and fertile soil layer (the organic matter content is more than 50 mg/kg), turning over the plot comprehensively, applying enough base fertilizer (3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 35 kg of calcium superphosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate per mu), fishing out the furrow to play the soil moisture, wherein the soil moisture surface is 1.5 m wide, the length is unlimited, and draining ditches are arranged at the periphery.

Planting: transplanting and planting according to the row spacing of 30 cm and the plant spacing of 15 cm, covering soil with the thickness of about 5 cm, and covering with coverings such as leaves.

① intertillage weeding, wherein after seedlings are grown up, soil is hoed shallowly and manually, weeding is carried out, roots are prevented from being damaged, and growth is influenced ② topdressing, wherein 1000 kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu before seedling emergence every year, 15 kg of calcium superphosphate is applied, 10 kg of potassium sulfate is applied, 3000 kg of organic nitrogen liquid with nitrogen content of 0.3-0.6% is applied to each mu in the next 7 th-month ten days, diluted organic nitrogen liquid is applied to the roots, and the organic nitrogen liquid is preferably selected from human, animal manure urine water or biogas liquid, and the soil moisture is covered with grass or rotted leaves at ordinary times, so that moisture preservation, drought prevention and weeding are facilitated, ③ shading is carried out, namely, paris polyphylla rhizome and high temperature are carried out, and shed shading is carried out timely after transplanting and field planting, or a vine trellis is utilized for shading.

The artificial pollination is carried out in the flowering period of 4 months, the pollination time is 8:00-11:00 before and 3:00-7:00 in the afternoon, and the yield is increased by at least 200% compared with the non-pollination when the seeds are harvested in 9 months. Three methods are taught for pollinating paris polyphylla:

(1) pollinating pistils by using a writing brush for many times;

(2) when the flower is blooming with powder, the pistil is pinched by hand for a few times; or

(3) When the small plastic shell blooms and contains pollen, the pollen is collected in the plastic shell by the small clamp and covered, and then the collected pollen is fertilized on the pistil for multiple times by the small clamp.

Harvesting: digging in the fifth year 9 months, cutting off bud marks 2-3 cm below the bud mark, air drying to half dry, kneading with hands, removing epidermis and soil, shaping, and air drying.

The inventors found that pollination between 8:00-11:00 in the morning and 3:00-7:00 in the afternoon gave good results, with essentially no difference between the two. In parallel experiments in this example, the inventors also tested other pollination times, which were found to be more than 20% different from the yields of long-column Paris polyphylla pollinated in 8:00-11:00 in the morning and 3:00-7:00 in the afternoon.

By using the method of the invention to carry out artificial pollination, the yield of the three pollination methods can be increased by more than 200%, and particularly the yield of the third pollination method can be increased by more than 268%. Natural pollination in nature, sterile fruits or only a plurality of seeds, after artificial pollination, 200 plus 500 seeds exist in one fruit, and the maturing rate is increased by more than 200%.

Example 10

The paris polyphylla obtained in the embodiment 10 of the invention is sent to Kunming plant research institute of Chinese academy of sciences for detection, and detection data are obtained.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

Claims (5)

1. A method of cultivating paris polyphylla, said method including the steps of:

1) selecting a slope or gentle slope with the sea level of 1200-1800m and humus soil or fertile sandy soil;

2) after the seeds of the paris polyphylla are ripe in the later period of 9 months, harvesting fruits with green or red hulls;

3) removing the fruit shell and using sand to rub the seeds in the shell;

4) cleaning the seeds with clear water, and slightly airing the seeds;

5) mixing the seeds and sand at a weight ratio of 1:4 to 1:6 to form a mixture for preservation, filling the mixture of the seeds and the sand in a breathable bag, and burying the breathable bag in soil, wherein the sand is a mixture of sand and humus soil, and the weight ratio of the sand to the humus soil is 4:6-8: 2;

6) the mixture of the seeds and the sandy soil is sowed on ridges in 11 months, covered and insulated, and the covered seedlings are removed after emergence of seedlings in the second year to continue to grow seedlings;

7) transplanting the seedlings in 3 months in the third year after sowing.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 5) the seeds are mixed with sand in a weight ratio of 1:5 to form a mix deposit.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 6) the cover incubation is performed by covering with straw.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6), the sandy soil is a mixture of sand and soil.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising:

8) carrying out artificial pollination in the flowering phase of 4 months, wherein the pollination time is 8:00-11:00 in the morning or 3:00-7:00 in the afternoon;

the pollination method is selected from: (1) pollinating pistils by using a writing brush for many times; (2) when the flower is blooming with powder, the pistil is pinched by hand for a few times; and (3) pollinating the collected pollen to the stamen for multiple times after collecting the pollen;

9) and harvesting seeds of Paris polyphylla in 9 months.