CN107634671A - A kind of asymmetric equivalent-circuit model of Modular multilevel converter bridge arm - Google Patents
A kind of asymmetric equivalent-circuit model of Modular multilevel converter bridge arm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Modular multilevel converter (MMC) bridge arm asymmetric equivalent-circuit model, because being also easy to produce harmonic wave and circulation during Modular multilevel converter (MMC) bridge arm asymmetry (based on DC component), therefore distracter caused by the positive and negative bridge arm module electric capacity asymmetry of Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is replaced using two controlled sources, be advantageous to subsequent analysis problem and solve problem.When the present invention is used to use Modular multilevel converter (MMC) in power system so that the relation between Modular multilevel converter system variable becomes very clear, and this characteristic to situational variables and the influence to system are very helpful.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric and electronic technical field, and controlled source equivalence replacement modularization is used more particularly, to one kind
The asymmetric equivalent-circuit model of multi-level converter (MMC) bridge arm.
Background technology
Modular multilevel converter (Modular multilevel converter (MMC)) this structure is initially by moral
The R.Marquardt of university of Munich Federal Defence Forces of state is proposed, sees Figure of description 1, and it is mainly made up of six bridge arms, one
As be even numbers bridge arm, per being mutually made up of two bridge arms, turn into just (on) bridge arm, and it is negative (under) bridge arm.The structure phase of each bridge arm
Together, it is composed in series by N number of module and an inductance, each module is made up of a half-bridge and an electric capacity.The upper down tube of half-bridge
Complementary duty, when upper tube is opened, down tube cut-off, electric capacity carries out charge or discharge by series connection access circuit；When upper tube end, under
When pipe is opened, electric capacity is bypassed.Obviously opening and end by controlling switch pipe, it is possible to the electricity of control series connection in circuit
Hold quantity, if each module capacitance capacity is identical, and voltage is identical and average value is equal to Vd/N, then can be by controlling electricity
The access quantity can of appearance changes output voltage.
The Modular multilevel converter is all built by power electronic devices, and resistance, the inductance of positive and negative bridge arm are to be difficult
Accomplish essentially equal, always have some errors and exist with being difficult to avoid that, or special when in model some bridge arm or
The several bridge arm failures of person, then the positive and negative bridge arm quantity of model be in asymmetrical state, be also easy to produce harmonic wave and bridge arm circulation, not only
The distortion effects of waveform may be caused to export quality, can also increase the loss of device so that the requirement to switching device improves.
The content of the invention
In order to solve bridge arm asymmetry problem above, the present invention proposes a kind of Modular multilevel converter bridge arm
Asymmetric equivalent-circuit model, it is that one kind replaces distracter caused by positive and negative bridge arm module electric capacity asymmetry using controlled constant-current source
The asymmetric model of Modular multilevel converter bridge arm.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of asymmetric equivalent-circuit model of Modular multilevel converter bridge arm, the equivalent model are divided into alternating current circuit
Part and DC circuit part；
DC circuit part includes two dc source Vd/ 2, inductance Ldc, resistance Rdc, electric capacity CdcWith controlled source Sc2It is in parallel
Form the first module, two dc source Vd/ 2, inductance Ldc, resistance RdcAnd first block coupled in series connection；
Alternating current circuit part includes electric capacity CacWith controlled source Sc1The second module for composing in parallel, inductance Lac, resistance RacAnd
Load Load, the second module, inductance Lac, resistance RacAnd load Load is connected in series；
AC-DC Circuit part passes through network T1、T2It is of coupled connections.
When the positive and negative bridge arm quantity of Modular multilevel converter is in asymmetrical state, harmonic wave and bridge arm ring are also easy to produce
Stream, mainly based on DC component.Above-mentioned equivalent-circuit model is using controlled source come analysis module multi-level converter bridge arm
Caused circulation and harmonic wave under sub- asymmetrical state so that the relation between Modular multilevel converter system variable becomes
Very clear, this characteristic to situational variables and the influence to system are very helpful.
Preferably, network T1For a port characteristic and the network of ideal transformer identical both-end, network T1No-load voltage ratio
It is a SIN function, and alternating current-direct current signal can be transmitted, it is substantially the ideal model of inverter, no-load voltage ratio 1Network T2For a port characteristic and the network of ideal transformer identical both-end, network T1No-load voltage ratio be one just
String function, and can transmit alternating current-direct current signal, it is substantially the ideal model of inverter, no-load voltage ratio 1:2Su；Above-mentioned SuSimply
One symbology, represent network T1And T2No-load voltage ratio, represent a kind of function so that what the no-load voltage ratio of final network showed is just
String changes.
Preferably, electric capacity Cdc、CacVoltage reflect respectively positive and negative bridge arm capacitance voltage sum and difference.
Preferably, controlled source Sc1And Sc2It is that instead of distracter caused by positive and negative bridge arm module electric capacity asymmetry
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is：When the positive and negative bridge of Modular multilevel converter
When arm quantity is in asymmetrical state, harmonic wave and bridge arm circulation are also easy to produce, mainly based on DC component.Above-mentioned equivalent circuit mould
Type is using controlled source come caused circulation and harmonic wave under the sub- asymmetrical state of analysis module multi-level converter bridge arm so that
Relation between Modular multilevel converter system variable becomes very clear, this characteristic to situational variables and to system
Influence it is very helpful.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology diagram.
Fig. 2 is the asymmetric equivalent circuit diagram of MMC bridge arms.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing being given for example only property explanation, it is impossible to be interpreted as the limitation to this patent；It is attached in order to more preferably illustrate the present embodiment
Scheme some parts to have omission, zoom in or out, do not represent the size of actual product；
To those skilled in the art, it is to be appreciated that some known features and its explanation, which may be omitted, in accompanying drawing
's.Technical scheme is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In Fig. 1, each submodule has two switching tubes to be cascaded, as half-bridge converter, upper and lower switching tube
Complementary duty, when upper tube is opened, down tube cut-off, now module capacitance C access circuits, are carried out according to the direction of bridge arm current
Charge or discharge, for bridge arm, equivalent to a capacitance voltage, i.e. a level is added, now module status can be with
It is defined as " open-minded ", or " 1 "；When upper tube is ended, down tube is open-minded, and now module capacitance C is bypassed by down tube, comes for bridge arm
Say, equivalent to a capacitance voltage is reduced, that is, reduce by a level, now module status can be defined as " ending ", or
“0”；In addition, during dead band or during system stalls, the switching tube up and down of module ends simultaneously, and now module is in and " closed
Lock " the stage, under " locking " state, if bridge arm current direction is identical with the reference direction in Fig. 1, i.e., from upstream downwards, then
Electric current is charged by the anti-paralleled diode of upper tube to electric capacity, and module is in " open-minded " state, if electric current is upward from flowing down,
Electric current flows through down tube anti-paralleled diode, and module is in " cut-off " state.It can be seen that under " locking " state, module is according to electric current
Direction is in different working conditions.
When not considering the fluctuation of capacitance voltage, then each capacitance voltage is a level, it is assumed that positive and negative bridge arm is at certain moment
The level number of conducting is respectively P and Q, and output level number is Lev, it is not difficult to draw that the institute of a phase MMC is stateful, table 1, which is shown, works as N
When=4 (i.e. a bridge arm is composed in series by 4 modules and an inductance), the institute of a phase MMC is stateful.First is classified as P in table 1
+ Q represents positive and negative bridge arm level number sum, the i.e. quantity of AM access module electric capacity, and secondary series and the 3rd row are respectively positive and negative bridge arm
Level number, the 4th is classified as output level quantity, and the 5th is classified as the difference of incoming level and positive and negative bridge arm level sum, is expressed asWith reference to Fig. 1, it is clear that it is two inductive drop sums.
The level diagram of table 1
As it can be seen from table 1 MMC a total of 9 (2N+1) plants level, but the level that inductance both ends are born is different.
Gray area in table, the level that inductance is born are 0, it means that at any time, the level number of positive and negative bridge arm and input
Voltage is identical, simply enters that voltage is constant, and system would not produce extra circulation and (remove the circulation as caused by systems operational mechanism
Outside circulation, the stability of system is best in this case, and these level a total of 5 (N+1) kind, these level can be claimed
For " the basic level of standard ", if output comprises only these level, now system modulation is referred to as " basic level " output modulation.
" the basic level of standard " may be defined as：The output level when quantity of positive and negative bridge arm access electric capacity is N at any time.From table 1
In it can also be seen that exist and " the basic level of standard " identical state, these level can be referred to as " non-standard basic level ".
When system is in " non-standard basic level " output state, system output be basic level, but the level that positive and negative bridge arm accesses
Number is not N, and its difference can be added on inductance, so as to cause extra circulation, this circulation iaddIt can be expressed as：
In formula：
DiffLevTo be added in the level at inductance both ends, its value is 0, ± 1 ... ± n；
VdFor supply voltage；
tonTo perform the time；
N is the module number in a bridge arm；
L is inductance value.
If obvious no destination is operated in " non-standard basic level " state, can be brought to system outside expectation
Circulation, so as to influence the stabilization of system.But these " non-standard basic level " provide condition for circulation control.Therefrom may be used also
To find out, output level absolute value is smaller, and the quantity of " non-standard basic level " is more, and the scope of circulation control is bigger, defeated
When going out level maximum absolute value, circulation loses the possibility of control.
In addition to basic level, also in the presence of other N kind output levels, but in these states, positive and negative bridge arm accesses level
Quantity and input it is unequal, not equal to N, its difference is added in inductance both ends, so as to produce extra circulation, and passes through formula (1)
To express, if being fixed on this state, system will not be stablized.Such level is a total of N number of, between fiduciary level
Every position, be referred to as " insertion level ", if output level include insertion level, that is, export 2N+1 level, then claim system it is defeated
Go out " full level ".As it can be seen from table 1 insertion level in these redundant states, is added in inductance two there is also redundant state
The level number at end is odd number and symmetrical with 0, it is clear that if making inductance level number be consistently greater than 0, larger circulation can be brought, from
And influence the stabilization of system.If DiffLev＞ 0, then, and iaddIncrease, if DiffLev＜ 0, then iaddReduce, if at one
Insert in the duration of level, then the i within the time that level maintainsaddAverage value be 0, using PWM mode control DiffLev
=1 and DiffLev=-1 effect, if dutycycle is 50%, inserts level at one and hold time interior iaddAverage value is
0, if PWM frequency is sufficiently high, it is believed that within a certain period of time, the quantity of positive and negative bridge arm access level is N, so that and standard
Basic level is consistent.This is theoretical foundation caused by 2N+1 level.Obviously control PWM dutycycle can control ring
The size of stream.High fdrequency component can be brought to system circulation by producing 2N+1 level, and its peak value is determined by formula (1).
If it can be described as come the state of definition module, the state of i-th of module with switch function：
Assuming that capacitance voltage is balanced, i.e., at any time, module capacitance voltage is all identical in same bridge arm, then
Corresponding anyon module stack both end voltage (submodule output voltage sum) has
In formula：
vPuAnd vNuThe voltage of u phase upper and lower bridge arm submodule heaps is represented,
vpcAnd vNcFor submodule capacitor voltage,
SPAnd SNFor upper and lower bridge arm submodule switch function sum.
Obvious SPAnd SNValue change between 0~N, which represent the quantity that upper and lower bridge arm opens submodule, if modulation
Signal is sine, then SPAnd SNFor sine.Therefore, it is continuous system that upper and lower bridge arm, which can be regarded as input electric capacity number,.Consider
The symmetry of upper and lower bridge arm, it can define：
Then, formula (3) and formula (4) can be respectively modified as：
In formula：
For the switch function of u phases, SmFor SuMaximum amplitude；
WithThe respectively positive and negative bridge arm module capacitance voltage sum of u phases.
In Fig. 1, analyzed by taking u phases as an example.Assuming that module capacitance is pressed, can be obtained according to Kirchhoff's law：
In formula,
iPuAnd iNuThe electric current of upper and lower bridge arm is respectively flowed through,
rdFor the equivalent d.c. resistance of bridge arm.
If adding a voltage in positive and negative bridge arm simultaneously, output is not interfered with, but makes positive and negative bridge arm access level
Quantity be not equal to N, from formula (1), system can produce extra circulation iadd, the voltage that positive and negative bridge arm is inserted in control can
To control the t in formula (1)onAnd DiffLev, so as to control iadd, it is finally reached the purpose for controlling circulation.Due in the maximum electricity of output
Usually, without redundant state, now circulation is uncontrollable, therefore the control of circulation is limited.
Any Capacitance Powers of MMC can be expressed as：
In formula：
vciThe instantaneous value of capacitance voltage is represented,
For the average value of capacitance voltage,
C is the sizes values of electric capacity.
By taking u phases as an example, positive and negative all Capacitance Power sums of bridge arm can be expressed as：
In formula：
vPuiAnd vNuiThe electric capacity instantaneous voltage (i=1,2 ... N) of respectively positive and negative i-th of module of bridge arm,
WithRespectively all submodule electric capacity instantaneous voltage sums of upper and lower bridge arm, when positive and negative bridge arm electric capacity is more or less the same
When, its average value is about Vd,
WithRespectively positive and negative bridge arm module capacitance sum.
According to power-balance relation, power sum certainty and the voltage of submodule that each submodule electric capacity of bridge arm is consumed
It is equal with the product of the electric current flowed through, i.e.,：
In formula, iPuAnd iNuThe electric current that positive and negative bridge arm submodule flows through is represented respectively.
Positive and negative bridge arm module condenser paper average is respectively CPAnd CN, positive and negative bridge arm module capacitance voltage average value is respectively
With
Assuming that CP=C, CN=kcC,(wherein kcFor an Arbitrary Coefficient)
Equation (13)~(14), and the relation to be established an equation before considering are arranged, then can obtain following expression：
In formula：
iZuFor inverter T2Electric current,
iuFor inverter T1Electric current.
Make CΣ=C/N (when its physical meaning is that all modules of bridge arm are opened, the equivalent capacity size of bridge arm, if will
Bridge arm equivalent is a variable electric capacity, then C∑It is the minimum value of this electric capacity), Cdc=2CΣ, Cac=8CΣ,According to definition, and make Rdc=2rd, Ldc=2L, Rac=rd/ 2, Lac=L/2,
Established an equation before simultaneous, following expression formula can be drawn：
According to formula (17)~(21), can draw under the sub- asymmetrical of the positive and negative bridge arm of Modular multilevel converter etc.
Model is imitated, as shown in Figure 2.Network T in figure1、T2For preferable inverter equivalent model, CdcAnd CacIn voltage reflect respectively just
Negative bridge arm capacitance voltage sum and difference, Sc1And Sc2It is two controlled for distracter caused by positive and negative bridge arm module electric capacity asymmetry
Source, determined by formula (18) and formula (17).
The present invention uses Power Electronic Circuit model simplification Modular multilevel converter (MMC) bridge arm asymmetry situation,
It is by the rigorous equivalent-circuit model for meeting mathematical relationship established using power electronic devices being derived from.Modularization is more
Harmonic wave and circulation (based on DC component) are also easy to produce during level converter (MMC) bridge arm asymmetry, utilizes power electronic element
Two controlled sources of simple equivalent circuit model and use replace the positive and negative bridge arm module electric capacity of Modular multilevel converter (MMC) not
Distracter caused by symmetrical, be advantageous to subsequent analysis problem and solve problem.The present invention is used to use mould in power system
During block multi-level converter (MMC) so that the relation between Modular multilevel converter (MMC) system variable becomes very
Clearly, this characteristic to situational variables and the influence to system are very helpful.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and is not pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other changes in different forms.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all this
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principle of invention etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. asymmetric equivalent-circuit model of Modular multilevel converter bridge arm, it is characterised in that the equivalent model point For alternating current circuit part and DC circuit part；DC circuit part includes two dc source Vd/ 2, inductance Ldc, resistance Rdc, electric capacity CdcWith controlled source Sc2Compose in parallel First module, two dc source Vd/ 2, inductance Ldc, resistance RdcAnd first block coupled in series connection；Alternating current circuit part includes electric capacity CacWith controlled source Sc1The second module for composing in parallel, inductance Lac, resistance RacAnd load Load, the second module, inductance Lac, resistance RacAnd load Load is connected in series；AC-DC Circuit part passes through network T1、T2It is of coupled connections.
- 2. the asymmetric equivalent-circuit model of a kind of Modular multilevel converter bridge arm according to claims 1, its It is characterised by, network T1For a port characteristic and the network of ideal transformer identical both-end, network T1No-load voltage ratio be one SIN function, and alternating current-direct current signal can be transmitted, its no-load voltage ratio isNetwork T2For a port characteristic and ideal transformer The network of identical both-end, network T1No-load voltage ratio be a SIN function, and alternating current-direct current signal can be transmitted, no-load voltage ratio 1: 2Su。
- 3. the asymmetric equivalent-circuit model of a kind of Modular multilevel converter bridge arm according to claims 1, its It is characterised by, electric capacity Cdc、CacVoltage reflect respectively positive and negative bridge arm capacitance voltage sum and difference.
- 4. the asymmetric equivalent-circuit model of a kind of Modular multilevel converter bridge arm according to claims 1, its It is characterised by, controlled source Sc1And Sc2It is that instead of distracter caused by positive and negative bridge arm module electric capacity asymmetry.
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