CN107631976A - Seepage consolidation instrument and its application under chemico-mechanic coupling - Google Patents
Seepage consolidation instrument and its application under chemico-mechanic coupling Download PDFInfo
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- CN107631976A CN107631976A CN201710991590.2A CN201710991590A CN107631976A CN 107631976 A CN107631976 A CN 107631976A CN 201710991590 A CN201710991590 A CN 201710991590A CN 107631976 A CN107631976 A CN 107631976A
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Abstract
The invention discloses the seepage consolidation instrument under a kind of chemico-mechanic coupling and its application, belong to the experimental technique in Geotechnical Engineering field.The structure of this seepage consolidation instrument is：Soil sample is tested to be embedded among consolidation container；Connected between consolidation container and infiltration measurement system；External force passes to consolidation container by loading frame；Deformation measurement system is fixed on the top of loading frame；Loading frame, consolidation container and experiment soil sample stress successively.The present invention uses O-shaped pad, effectively ensures that water is oozed out from the soil body；Can intersect consolidated, permeability test, improve test efficiency；Seepage consolidation container, there is good corrosion resistance, the displacement experiment of pore water salinity can be carried out exactly；Whole seepage consolidation instrument is simple in construction, easy to operate, experimental cost is relatively low.The deformation and the experiment of hydraulic characteristic(s) changing rule induced suitable for the development soil body under chemical factor effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oozing under the experimental technique in Geotechnical Engineering field, more particularly to a kind of chemistry-Coupling with Mechanics effect
Flow consolidation apparatus and its application.
Background technology
Any engineering construction activity of the mankind is carried out in the Rock And Soil of veneer of crust, and using Rock And Soil as building
Build ground, building medium or construction material.Regardless of whether the Rock And Soil for being natural sediment or artificial landfill is all by Multicomponent
Form, and the solid skeletal of Rock And Soil generally (has electrical) with remaining electric charge.Especially cohesive soil, when it and soil
When reclaimed water fully contacts, because clay particle and hydrone have unbalanced distribution of charges, wrapped in addition in soil body pore water
Contain various ions so that significant interaction force be present between sticking grain-water-electric system.In temperature change, chemical action etc.
Under environmental load effect, cohesive soil will show extremely complex chemistry-Coupling with Mechanics effect and engineering mechanics behavior.For example,
Coastal region has broken original dynamic equilibrium between salt-fresh water due to the unreasonable exploitation to freshwater resources so that salt water to
Land is poured in down a chimney, and causes the surface subsidence in city；Solute migration causes hole Hydrochemical Composition to change in refuse landfill, so as to anti-
Sheath seepage flow and deformation characteristic are changed, and leachate may finally be caused to spill, and gas explodes, and surrounding environment is produced
Secondary pollution and harm.Based on this, deformation and hydraulic characteristic(s) of the Rock And Soil under pore solution composition transfer are fully grasped to building
Building the safe and stable and normal use after the building and build up of thing has significant impact.
Find have some scholars at present to traditional lever consolidation testing device by pertinent literature and patent retrieval
Transformed, be allowed to that conventional native consolidation test can be carried out, and can carries out permeability test, can simulated to a certain extent
Some mechanical properties of Rock And Soil are influenceed by chemical factor.In order to be accurately obtained the soil body chemical factor effect under deformation and
The changing rule of hydraulic characteristic(s), the sealing for ensureing whole instrument are vital, that is, require that replacement solution can only be in the soil body
Middle seepage flow is without occurring side leakage.Some existing encapsulation process exist in loading process and cause to seal because hermetic unit deforms
The problem of data accuracy is influenceed due to the presence of the resistance of hermetic unit in not tight and loading process, especially small stress rank
Section.Therefore the sealing problem of seepage consolidation instrument apparatus is always the unsolved problem for perplexing such experimental rig.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome shortcoming and defect existing for above-mentioned technology, there is provided a kind of simple in construction, operation side
Just seepage consolidation instrument and its application under chemistry-stress coupling effect that can be good with anti-corrosion property.
To achieve the above object, the present invention can take following technical proposals：
This seepage consolidation instrument includes experiment soil sample, consolidation container, infiltration measurement system, loading frame, deformation measurement system；
Its annexation is：
Soil sample is tested to be embedded among consolidation container；
Connected between consolidation container and infiltration measurement system；
External force passes to consolidation container by loading frame；
Deformation measurement system is fixed on the top of loading frame；
Loading frame, consolidation container and experiment soil sample stress successively.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantages and good effect：
1. presenting a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme, sealed between base and band edge cutting ring using the good O-shaped pad of fluorine glue of corrosion resistance,
Avoid and occur hermetic unit in loading process and deform to cause in poorly sealed and loading process due to hermetic unit
Resistance exist influence data accuracy phenomenon generation, effectively ensure water be all to be oozed out from the soil body；
2. by structure improve and instrument combine, can intersect consolidated, permeability test, you can complete to soil sample not
With the test of the permeability test under the consolidation test under pressure and different stress, corresponding parameter is drawn, enormously simplify soil
The measurement process of the sample coefficient of consolidation, test efficiency is improved, and tested simply, reliably；
3. there is good corrosion resistance as seepage consolidation container using corrosion resistant 304 stainless steel material, can be exactly
The displacement experiment of pore water salinity is carried out, to simulate under different loads the soil body by the deformation rule of chemical solution corrosion function；
4. whole seepage consolidation instrument is simple in construction, easy to operate, experimental cost is relatively low.
The deformation induced suitable for the development soil body under chemical factor effect and the changing rule of hydraulic characteristic(s).
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of this seepage consolidation instrument；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of this seepage consolidation instrument；
Fig. 3 is the partial front figure of this seepage consolidation instrument.
In figure：
1-experiment soil sample,
1.1-band edge cutting ring；1.2-experiment soil body.
2-consolidation container,
2.1-base,
2.1.1-base inlet opening, 2.1.2-base steam vent；
2.2-present a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme,
2.2.1-osculum of presenting a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme；
2.3-lower permeable stone；
2.4-O-shaped pad；
2.5-round end hexagon socket head cap screw；
2.6-upper dankness stone；
2.7-pressure transmission cover plate.
3-infiltration measurement system,
3.1-aspirator bottle；3.2-glass tube with a scale；3.3-silicone tube；3.4-threeway；
3.5-tongs.
4-loading frame,
4.1-cross bar；4.2-two vertical poles.
5-deformation measurement system
5.1-support；5.2-dial gauge.
Embodiment
Described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and examples：
First, seepage consolidation instrument
1st, it is overall
Such as Fig. 1, this seepage consolidation instrument includes experiment soil sample 1, consolidation container 2, infiltration measurement system 3, loading frame 4, change
Shape measurement system 5；
Its annexation is：
Soil sample 1 is tested to be embedded among consolidation container 2；
Connected between consolidation container 2 and infiltration measurement system 3；
External force passes to consolidation container 2 by loading frame 4；
Deformation measurement system 5 is fixed on the top of loading frame 5；
Loading frame 4, consolidation container 2 and experiment soil sample 1 stress successively.
2nd, functional part
1) soil sample 1 is tested
It is subjects to test soil sample 1, be cutting ring sample, including band edge cutting ring 1.1 and tests the soil body 1.2；
It is made using compacting, compacting process or mud sample preparation method, or sample directly uses undisturbed.
2) consolidation container 2
Such as Fig. 1, consolidation container 2 includes hexagonal in base 2.1,2.2, lower permeable stone 2.3 of presenting a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme, O-shaped pad 2.4, round end
Screw 2.5, upper dankness stone 2.6, pressure transmission cover plate 2.7；
Its annexation is：
From top to bottom, the groove of base 2.1 is embedded is cased with lower permeable stone 2.3 and experiment soil sample 1, therebetween with wet filter paper
Separate；O-shaped pad 2.4 is arranged at the gap between base 2.1 and band edge cutting ring 1.1, by screwing round end hexagon socket head cap screw 2.5
By base 2.1 and 2.2 fastenings of presenting a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme, it is ensured that base 2.1, the sealing presented a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme between 2.2 and the three of band edge cutting ring 1.1；It is upper permeable
Stone 2.6 be arranged on experiment the soil body 1.2 upper surface, between separated with wet filter paper, pressure transmission cover plate 2.7 is arranged on upper dankness stone 2.6
On.
(1) base 2.1
Such as Fig. 1, base 2.1 is the indent circular groove being process by 304 stainless steels, and having shifted to install base in two sides enters
Water hole 2.1.1 and base steam vent 2.1.2, the screw hole of connection round end hexagon socket head cap screw 2.5 is drilled with along surrounding in top surface；
(2) 2.2 are presented a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme
Such as Fig. 1, it 2.2 is the hollow nahlock being process by 304 stainless steels to present a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme, and side is provided with the osculum 2.2.1 that presents a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme,
The screw hole of fixed round end hexagon socket head cap screw 2.5 is correspondingly drilled with top surface.
3) measurement system 3 is permeated
Such as Fig. 1, infiltration measurement system 3 includes aspirator bottle 3.1, glass tube 3.2 with a scale, silicone tube 3.3, threeway 3.4
With tongs 3.5；
Its annexation is：
Pass through corrosion resistant silicone tube between aspirator bottle 3.1 and glass tube 3.2 with a scale and two ports of threeway 3.4
3.3 connections, it is provided with tongs 3.5 and freely controls connection and block, the 3rd port and inlet opening of threeway 3.4
2.1.1 also it is connected using silicone tube 3.3.
4) loading frame 4
Such as Fig. 1,2, loading framework 4 is made up of cross bar 4.1 and two vertical poles 4.2, and cross bar 4.1 contacts with pressure transmission cover plate 2.7.
5) deformation measurement system 5
Such as Fig. 1,2, deformation measurement system 5 is made up of support 5.1 and dial gauge 5.2, and dial gauge 5.2 contacts with cross bar 4.1,
And it is fixed on support 5.1.
3rd, working mechanism
The present invention has gathered one-dimensional consolidation experiment and variable head permeability test, first carries out one-dimensional consolidation experiment, leads to
Lever loading device offer load is provided and puts on consolidation container 2, the deformation rule of the soil body under different loads can be studied；Keeping
In the case that pressure is constant, carries out variable head permeability test, i.e., under certain hydraulic gradient difference effect, pass through outside liquid
Experiment soil sample 1 is equably covered after lower permeable stone 2.3, the infiltration coefficient after stabilization under specific stress can be measured；
The external solution for flowing into the soil body is changed, the lower deformation of induction of chemical factor effect and the changing rule of hydraulic characteristic(s) can be studied.
2nd, apply
1st, the application of this seepage consolidation instrument includes：
1. soil sample consolidation test；
2. variable head permeability test；
3. determine void ratio, infiltration coefficient and the compressed coefficient, carry out deformation that the soil body induces under chemical factor effect with
And the experiment of hydraulic characteristic(s) changing rule.
2nd, test method
The present embodiment is used exemplified by studying inwelling and causing the deformation of coastal region weak soil and the change of hydraulic characteristic(s)
The present invention carry out consolidate permeability test process be：
1st, sample preparation
Soil sample is tuned into the mud of about 1.5~2.0 times of liquid limits with distilled water, mix is uniform, after standing a period of time, again
Stirring, pour into remodeling saturated soil mud sample preparation device, static pressure consolidates under certain burden pressure, after the completion of consolidation,
Soil sample is taken out from sample preparation device, cuts experiment soil sample 1, measuring of moisture content, convert sample initial void ratio.
2nd, install
Connect each pipeline by figure, discharge into the air in pipeline and check at each pipe joint whether leak；It will be covered with
Wet filter paper simultaneously soaks in the water saturated insertion of lower permeable stone 2.3 base 2.1 in advance, is injected by glass tube 3.2 by the bottom of base 2.1
A certain amount of distilled water, close tongs 3.5；Base steam vent 2.1.2 is opened, it is careful to load experiment soil sample 1, it will soak in advance full
The upper dankness stone 2.6 of sum is positioned over the upper surface of the experiment soil body 1.2, between paste a wet filter paper, then O-shaped pad 2.4 is enclosed on
Present a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme on 2.2, be embedded in base 2.1 together, adjustment angle, be directed at screw hole, insert, screw round end hexagon socket head cap screw 2.5 bottom of by
Seat 2.1 and 2.2 fastenings of presenting a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme, it is ensured that base 2.1, present a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme is sealed between 2.2 and the three of band edge cutting ring 1.1, and pressure transmission cover plate 2.7 is put
On upper dankness stone 2.6；Consolidation container 2 is finally placed in the underface of cross bar 4.1, installation dial gauge 5.2 is in cross bar 4.1
Top.
3rd, saturated soil consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination experiment
1) soil sample consolidation test is done first, and selected concrete scheme is consistent with traditional consolidation test, different by adding
Weights can to soil sample carry out different brackets load consolidation test, obtain correlation test parameter, experiment before for ensure soil sample with
Instrument contacts between each part good up and down, applies 1kPa preload pressure to soil sample by lever loading device, then adjusts
Whole dial gauge, it is zero to make total indicator reading；
2) after soil sample consolidation test terminates, under this consolidation stress, variable head permeability test is carried out, opens tongs
3.5 water inlets, the air between base 2.1 and lower permeable stone 2.3 in cavity is gradually discharged from base steam vent 2.1.2, until
When bubble-free produces in the water that base steam vent 2.1.2 overflows, base steam vent 2.1.2 is closed, passes water through lower permeable stone 2.3
Experiment soil sample 1 is equably covered afterwards；After having water spilling at the osculum 2.2.1 that presents a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme, glass tube 3.2 with a scale is filled to
Specified altitude assignment, initial head height is recorded while starting stopwatch, after a period of time is measured, record end of a period head, so connect
It is continuous to measure 2~3 times, then glass tube 3.2 with a scale is filled to specified altitude assignment, repeat to measure 6 times, and record initially with end of a period
The water temperature at moment, the infiltration coefficient drawn herein are then the infiltration coefficient after the stabilization under specific stress.
Above procedure is that the measure of saturated soil infiltration coefficient is then replaced and discharged water under the conditions of pore solution is distilled water
Solution in bottle 3.1, and measure its corresponding void ratio, infiltration coefficient and compressed coefficient successively as procedure described above, carry out soil
The deformation and the changing rule of hydraulic characteristic(s) that body induces under chemical factor effect.
A, void ratio：
The initial void ratio of sample, is calculated as follows：
In formula：e0--- the initial void ratio of sample；
ω0--- the moisture content (%) of sample；
Gs--- the proportion of grogs；
ρw--- the density (g/cm of water3)；
ρ0--- the wet density (g/cm of sample3)。
Void ratio under each stage pressure after sample stabilization by consolidation, calculation formula are as follows：
In formula：ei--- the void ratio under each stage pressure after sample stabilization by consolidation；
h0--- the elemental height (mm) of sample；
Δhi--- the deflection (mm) under certain stage pressure after sample stabilization by consolidation.
B, infiltration coefficient：
Varying head infiltration coefficient is calculated as follows：
In formula：Basal area (the cm of a --- varying head pipe2)；
2.3 --- ln and log conversion coefficient；
L --- seepage paths, i.e. specimen height (cm)；
t1, t2--- respectively survey the starting of reading head and terminate the time (s)；
H1, H2--- starting and termination head.
C, the compressed coefficient：
The compressed coefficient in a certain pressure limit, is calculated as follows：
In formula：av--- the compressed coefficient (MPa-1)；
pi--- certain first class pressure value (MPa).
Claims (7)
1. the seepage consolidation instrument under a kind of chemistry-Coupling with Mechanics effect, it is characterised in that：
Including testing soil sample（1）, consolidation container（2）, infiltration measurement system（3）, loading frame（4）, deformation measurement system（5）；
Its annexation is：
Test soil sample（1）Embedded consolidation container（2）Among；
Consolidation container（2）With permeating measurement system（3）Between connect；
External force passes through loading frame（4）Pass to consolidation container（2）；
Deformation measurement system（5）It is fixed on loading frame（5）Top；
Loading frame（4）, consolidation container（2）With experiment soil sample（1）Stress successively.
2. the seepage consolidation instrument under a kind of chemistry-Coupling with Mechanics effect as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described experiment soil sample（1）It is subjects, is cutting ring sample, including band edge cutting ring（1.1）With the experiment soil body（1.2）.
3. the seepage consolidation instrument under a kind of chemistry-Coupling with Mechanics effect as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described consolidation container（2）Including base（2.1）, present a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme（2.2）, lower permeable stone（2.3）, O-shaped pad（2.4）, round end
Hexagon socket head cap screw（2.5）, upper dankness stone（2.6）, pressure transmission cover plate（2.7）；
From top to bottom, base（2.1）Groove embedded be cased with lower permeable stone（2.3）With experiment soil sample（1）, therebetween with wet filter
Paper separates；O-shaped pad（2.4）It is arranged on base（2.1）With band edge cutting ring（1.1）Between gap at, by screwing six in round end
Angle screw（2.5）By base（2.1）With present a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme（2.2）Fastening, it is ensured that base（2.1）, present a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme（2.2）With band edge cutting ring（1.1）
Sealing between three；Upper dankness stone（2.6）It is arranged on the experiment soil body（1.2）Upper surface, between separated with wet filter paper, pressure transmission
Cover plate（2.7）It is arranged on upper dankness stone（2.6）On；
Base（2.1）It is the indent circular groove being process by 304 stainless steels, base inlet opening has been shifted to install in two sides
（2.1.1）With base steam vent（2.1.2）, connection round end hexagon socket head cap screw is drilled with along surrounding in top surface（2.5）Screw hole；
Present a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme（2.2）It is the hollow nahlock being process by 304 stainless steels, side is provided with osculum of presenting a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme（2.2.1）, in top surface
Correspondingly it is drilled with fixed round end hexagon socket head cap screw（2.5）Screw hole.
4. the seepage consolidation instrument under a kind of chemistry-Coupling with Mechanics effect as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described infiltration measurement system（3）Including aspirator bottle（3.1）, glass tube with a scale（3.2）, silicone tube（3.3）, threeway
（3.4）And tongs（3.5）；
Aspirator bottle（3.1）With glass tube with a scale（3.2）With threeway（3.4）Two ports between pass through corrosion resistant silica gel
Pipe（3.3）Connection, is provided with tongs（3.5）Freely control connection and block, threeway（3.4）The 3rd port with entering
Water hole（2.1.1）Also silicone tube is used（3.3）It is connected.
5. the seepage consolidation instrument under a kind of chemistry-Coupling with Mechanics effect as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described loading framework（4）By cross bar（4.1）With two vertical poles（4.2）Composition, cross bar（4.1）With pressure transmission cover plate（2.7）
Contact.
6. the seepage consolidation instrument under a kind of chemistry-Coupling with Mechanics effect as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described deformation measurement system（5）By support（5.1）And dial gauge（5.2）Composition, dial gauge（5.2）With cross bar（4.1）
Contact, and it is fixed on support（5.1）On.
7. the application of the seepage consolidation instrument under a kind of chemistry-Coupling with Mechanics effect as described in claim 1-6, it is characterised in that：
1. soil sample consolidation test；
2. variable head permeability test；
3. determining void ratio, infiltration coefficient and the compressed coefficient, carry out deformation and water that the soil body induces under chemical factor effect
The experiment of force characteristic changing rule.
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