CN107630711B - A kind of monitoring device and method of roadway surrounding rock stress and displacement - Google Patents
A kind of monitoring device and method of roadway surrounding rock stress and displacement Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 59
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the monitoring devices of a kind of roadway surrounding rock stress and displacement, and the high-strength deformed steel bar anchor pole of four kinds of different form strain rosettes, anchor rod pallet board, two different form of strain rosette and laser range finder are connect including a root bead.The anchor pole is full length fastening formula anchor pole, and the strain rosette is welded in the two sides up and down of anchor rod body cross-sectional circumference wall, and the laser range finder is connect with anchor pole exposed junction.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows the monitoring strained using anchor pole deformation synchronous with country rock and strain rosette to different directions, realize that the integration to surrouding rock stress and displacement monitors；The application of anchor pole exposed junction laser range finder, can draw out the change curve of roadway's sides or roof and floor relative displacement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering and mining engineering, in particular to a device and a method for monitoring stress and displacement of surrounding rocks of a roadway.
Background
In recent years, the scale of roadway and tunnel construction is getting larger and longer. The tunnel and the tunnel are hidden projects, and potential safety hazards are not easy to discover. At present, the existing tunnel stress and displacement monitoring methods at home and abroad are too single, integrated monitoring cannot be realized, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, and in addition, the limitation of monitoring technology, monitoring level and self limitation of an instrument is received, so that a device capable of accurately monitoring stress and displacement at the same time is urgently needed.
The existing tunnel surrounding rock stress monitoring: because the surrounding rock body is influenced by engineering such as disturbance, the actual measurement of the surrounding rock stress in the range has higher requirements on the sensor, the stress measurement is relatively difficult, and the method is suitable for the environmental stress measurement method and the sensor are relatively few. At present, the stress of surrounding rocks monitored in engineering sites is mainly monitored by a drilling stress testing technology, which is the main technology for monitoring the stress in China at present and comprises a drilling stress relieving method and a drilling stress meter testing method. This method is labor and material intensive and does not allow for monitoring of displacement changes.
The existing roadway surrounding rock displacement monitoring: at present, the internal displacement of surrounding rock bodies at home and abroad is mainly measured by a multipoint displacement meter and is used for observing the axial displacement of a drill hole. The multipoint displacement meter is divided into a chord type (a drilling extensometer and an extensometer) and a rod type (a rod type multipoint displacement meter) according to the anchoring mode of a measuring point; the method is divided into a mechanical type (a dial indicator, a digital display dial indicator and a vernier caliper) and an electrical type (a differential resistance type, an inductance type, a vibrating wire type and the like) according to a data acquisition mode. Although the monitoring method using the multipoint displacement meter can monitor the displacement change of the surrounding rock, the function is single, and the stress of the surrounding rock of the roadway cannot be monitored.
In other words, there are currently only bolts used for measuring forces, and no displacement bolts, and even no bolts that are monitored synchronously.
Disclosure of Invention
The existing surrounding rock stress and displacement monitoring technology in China can only monitor stress or displacement singly, and integrated monitoring cannot be realized. In order to solve the problems, the patent provides a roadway surrounding rock stress and displacement monitoring device and method capable of achieving integrated monitoring.
Monitoring principle: the monitoring step of the invention is that firstly, the strain amount of the anchor rod is monitored through the strain rosette. Because the anchor rod is in sufficient contact with the surrounding rock, the deformation of the anchor rod is the deformation of the surrounding rock. Then, the deformation can be obtained through the relation between the strain and the displacement, and the deformation and the displacement of the surrounding rock can be obtained. And then, the anchor rod is subjected to stress analysis, and the stress change of the surrounding rock can be measured according to the Newton's third law, so that the monitoring integration of the stress deformation of the surrounding rock is realized.
The invention provides a roadway surrounding rock stress and displacement monitoring device which comprises a surrounding rock strain measuring assembly formed by modifying an anchor rod for supporting surrounding rock and different strain patterns formed by three strain gauges. The stock subassembly includes laser range finder, laser range finder is stayed the outside one end of country rock with the stock and is connected.
According to the method, the strain of the anchor rod is monitored through the strain gauge, and the strain component on the anchor rod fracture surface in the three-dimensional space is obtained by using the following formula.
Wherein l1Denotes the direction cosine m of the first angle in the x direction1Denotes the direction cosine of the first angle in the y-direction, l2Denotes the direction cosine m of the second angle in the x direction2Denotes the direction cosine of the second angle in the y direction, l3Denotes the direction cosine, m, of the third angle in the x direction3Indicating the direction cosine of the third angle in the y-direction. That is, each set of strain patterns has three strain gauges at three angles, each direction has a set of direction cosines, l represents the direction cosine in the x-direction, and m represents the direction cosine in the y-direction.
The invention provides a device for monitoring stress and displacement of roadway surrounding rock, which comprises:
the anchor rod assembly comprises an anchor rod body, an anchor rod tray and a laser range finder, wherein the anchor rod body is a full-length anchoring type anchor rod, and the laser range finder is connected to the exposed end of the anchor rod body; the anchor rod tray is connected to one side, close to the laser range finder, of the anchor rod body, the anchor rod body is provided with fine holes along the axis, and the fine holes are channels for connecting strain rosettes and data transmission wires of a computer;
the flower of meeting an emergency, the flower welding of meeting an emergency is in the upside and the downside of the periphery wall of stock body for 3 components epsilon of meeting an emergency of state when monitoring stock atress in-process stock body warpx、εyAnd gammaxy。
Further, the strain flowers are divided into two groups, wherein one group is at least one first strain flower welded on the upper side surface of the peripheral wall of the anchor rod body, and the other group is at least one second strain flower welded on the lower side surface of the peripheral wall of the anchor rod body;
the first strain gauge consists of three strain gauges, each strain gauge is welded with the upper side surface of the outer peripheral wall of the anchor rod body, and the included angle between every two adjacent strain gauges is 45 degrees;
the second strain rosette comprises three foil gauges, and every foil gauge all welds with the side on the periphery wall of stock body, and the contained angle between two adjacent foil gauges is 60.
Further, the range finder is a laser range finder; the anchor rod body is made of high-strength deformed steel bars.
The device and the method for monitoring the stress and the displacement of the surrounding rock of the roadway not only overcome the defects of single stress and displacement monitoring, but also integrate the two kinds of monitoring, have simple operation and save manpower and material resources. The invention provides a reasonable monitoring device for stress and displacement of surrounding rock of the roadway according to the stress balance of the surrounding rock and the anchor rod and the relation between strain and displacement in the using process of the roadway, thereby ensuring the safety of the using process of the roadway.
The invention also provides a method for monitoring the stress and displacement of the surrounding rock of the roadway, which is used for monitoring by using the monitoring device and comprises the following monitoring steps:
s1, measuring the strain of the upper side and the lower side of the cross section of the anchor rod body through the strain rosettes, and taking an average valueObtaining strain epsilon in x directionxY direction strain epsilonyAnd shear strain gammaxy；
S2, according to the stress balance relation of the anchor rod, the stress of the surrounding rock acting on the anchor rod tray is solved, and further the stress of the surrounding rock is solved;
s3, calculating the displacement of the anchor rod body in the stress process according to the geometric relation between the strain and the displacement, and further calculating the displacement of the surrounding rock because the anchor rod and the surrounding rock deform synchronously;
and S4, monitoring the relative movement amount of the two sides and the top bottom of the surrounding rock of the roadway by using a laser range finder.
Further, in step S1, the measured strain components of the different forms of strain rosettes are calculated by the following formula:
for the first strain flower: epsilonx＝ε0°,εy＝ε90°,γxy＝ε0°+ε90°-2ε45°；
For the second strain flower:
wherein epsilonxDenotes strain in the x direction,. epsilonyDenotes strain in y-direction, γxyRepresenting shear strain;
the strain in the x direction, the strain in the y direction and the shear strain of the anchor rod are all the average values of the measured results of the two groups of strain rosettes.
Further, in step S2, because the stock is being squeezed into the inside back of country rock, the full length anchor mode that adopts makes stock and country rock cohere completely, is circular when the stock tray, because stock and rock mass fully contact, then carries out the force analysis as follows to the stock body of rod and tray whole:
the stress applied to the tray by the surrounding rock, namely the surrounding rock stress is:
wherein, tauf: the shear stress on the contact surface of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock after the contact is fully realized; sigmaN: the surrounding rock acts on the positive stress of the anchor rod tray; d: the diameter of the tray; d: the diameter of the anchor rod; l: anchor length; n: and the correction coefficient is related to the contact condition of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock.
Further, in step S2, because the stock is after the country rock is squeezed into inside, the full length anchor that adopts makes stock and country rock cohere completely, when the stock tray is the square, because the rock mass fully contacts, then carries out the stress analysis as follows to the stock body of rod and tray is whole:
the stress that the surrounding rock was used on the tray, namely the surrounding rock stress is:
wherein, tauf: shear stress on the contact surface of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock; sigmaN: the surrounding rock acts on the positive stress of the anchor rod tray; a: the side length of the tray is long; d: the diameter of the anchor rod; l: anchor length; n: and the correction coefficient is related to the contact condition of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock.
Further, in step S3, there is a few difference between the displacement and the strainWhat relationship: can be obtained by the following steps: u ═ epsilon-xdx+C1，v＝∫εydy+C2；
Wherein u and v are displacements of the surrounding rock in the x and y directions respectively; c1And C2Is an integration constant.
Further, in step S4, measuring the relative movement amount of the two sides or the top and the bottom of the roadway by a laser range finder installed at the exposed end of the anchor rod;
the laser range finder (13) continuously transmits laser pulse signals to the surrounding rock, the signals are reflected by the surrounding rock and then received by the range finder, and the laser range finder (13) simultaneously records the round-trip time t of the signals0If the speed of light is c, the relative migration amount d of the surrounding rock can be expressed as follows:
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the anchor rod for supporting the surrounding rock is modified into a rod piece which can measure the stress of the surrounding rock and the strain of the surrounding rock, so that the functions of synchronous force measurement and displacement measurement of the anchor rod are realized. The strain rosette consisting of the three strain gauges can better understand the stress and strain change rule of the surrounding rock, thereby obtaining the relation between stress-strain and strain-displacement and realizing the synchronous monitoring of the stress and displacement of the surrounding rock of the roadway. Meanwhile, a laser range finder is additionally arranged at the outer end of the anchor rod and used for monitoring the change condition of the relative displacement of the two sides of the roadway and the top bottom plate; in addition, to improve accuracy, the data of the laser range finder can also form a graph curve in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a roadway surrounding rock stress and displacement monitoring device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the roadway surrounding rock stress and displacement monitoring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first strained flower of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a second strain flower of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a stress analysis of the roadway surrounding rock stress and displacement monitoring device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an anchor rod tray of the roadway surrounding rock stress and displacement monitoring device of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a bolt tray of a stress and displacement monitoring device for roadway surrounding rocks according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, the examples of which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a stress and displacement monitoring device for surrounding rocks of a roadway, which comprises: the anchor rod assembly 1 comprises an anchor rod body 11, an anchor rod tray 12 and a laser range finder 13, wherein the laser range finder 13 is connected to the exposed end of the anchor rod body 11; the anchor rod 11 is a full-length anchoring type anchor rod, a fine hole 111 is formed in the anchor rod 11 along the axis, and the fine hole 111 is a channel for connecting a strain gage and a data transmission wire of a computer; the strain flower 2 is welded on the upper side and the lower side of the outer peripheral wall of the cross section of the anchor rod body 11, and is used for monitoring 3 strain components epsilon of the strain state of the anchor rod in the stress processx、εyAnd gammaxy。
As shown in fig. 2, the strain flowers 2 are two groups, namely a first strain flower connected to the upper side surface 121 of the peripheral wall of the cross section of the anchor rod and a second strain flower connected to the lower side surface 122 of the peripheral wall of the cross section of the anchor rod;
as shown in fig. 3, the first strain rosette is composed of three strain gauges connected with each other at one end, and an included angle between two adjacent strain gauges is 45 degrees;
as shown in fig. 4, the second strain rosette is composed of three strain gauges which are sequentially connected end to end and form an equilateral triangle, and the included angle between two adjacent strain gauges is 60 °.
As a further scheme, the distance measuring instrument 13 is a laser distance measuring instrument; the anchor body 11 is made of high-strength deformed steel.
In addition, during actual operation, the laser distance measuring instrument 12 is welded on the end face of the anchor rod 11 exposed out of the surrounding rock. Because the engineering environment is comparatively complicated in the tunnel, need to reform transform laser range finder appearance, make it and 11 size phase-matchs of stock.
In addition, the strain flowers 2 are respectively stuck on the horizontal section 121 and the vertical section 122 of the anchor rod in a group in a linear distribution mode. Each strain rosette 2 is connected with a wire, the wire is connected with a computer through a fine hole 111, and monitored data are transmitted to the computer in real time for calculation.
Example 2
The invention also provides a method for monitoring the stress and the displacement of the surrounding rock of the roadway, so that the synchronous monitoring of the stress and the displacement of the surrounding rock is realized, and the aim of observing the displacement change of the roadway in real time is fulfilled.
The method mainly comprises the following monitoring steps:
s1, measuring the strain of an upper measuring point and a lower measuring point of the cross section of the anchor rod body through strain patterns,and the average value is taken to measure the strain epsilon in the x directionxY direction strain epsilonyAnd shear strain gammaxy；
S2, solving the stress of the surrounding rock acting on the anchor rod tray according to the stress balance relation of the anchor rod, and further solving the stress of the surrounding rock;
s3, solving the displacement of the anchor rod body in the stress process according to the geometric relation between the strain and the displacement, and further solving the displacement of the surrounding rock;
and S4, monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway by using a laser range finder.
Taking specific data of a certain tunnel of suburb mines of the Henan Yongke coal group as an example, data measured by strain gauges of 0 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees in the first strain gauge are respectively as follows: 0.1, 0.08; the measured data for the 0 °, 60 ° and 120 ° strain gauges in the second strain rosette are: 0.1, 0.1;
for the first strain flower: epsilonx＝ε0°,εy＝ε90°,γxy＝ε0°+ε90°-2ε45°；
For the second strain flower: epsilonx＝ε0°,
Taking the average value of the two groups of calculation results, the x-direction strain, the y-direction strain and the shear strain of the anchor rod are respectively: 0.1, 0.01.
Because the full length anchor of stock (11) makes stock and country rock cohere completely, after driving into the country rock inside, fully contact with the rock mass, if the stock tray is circular, then carry out the atress analysis as follows to the stock body of rod and tray is whole:
wherein,
τf: the shear stress on the contact surface of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock can be measured by the strain rosette on the body of the anchor rod. Tau isfAnd shear strain gammaxyIs τf＝GγxyG is the shear stiffness of the steel, and the G is 80 GPa;
σN: the surrounding rock acts on the positive stress of the anchor rod tray;
d: the diameter of the tray is 169 mm;
d, taking the diameter of the anchor rod to be 20 mm;
l, taking the length of the anchor rod as 2.0 m;
and n is a correction coefficient, is related to the contact condition of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock, and is 0.25.
That is, the stress applied to the pallet by the surrounding rock, i.e. the surrounding rock stress is
Due to the geometrical relationship between displacement and strain:
obtaining: where u and v are the displacements of the surrounding rock in the x and y directions, respectively. The x-direction displacement is the displacement of the bolt in the axial direction and the y-direction displacement is the displacement perpendicular to the diameter of the bolt, i.e. the bending of the bolt axis occurs, typically zero. Zero point of xTaking the tail end of the anchor rod in the surrounding rock, and when the tail end x of the axis of the anchor rod is 0 and y is 0, u is 0 and v is 0; when x is 1.0, y is 0, u is 0.1m, and v is 0; when x is 2.0m and y is 0, u is 0.2m and v is 0.
The deformation of two sides or the top and the bottom of a roadway can be measured by a laser range finder arranged at the exposed end of the anchor rod; the distance measuring instrument continuously emits laser pulse signals to the surrounding rock, the signals are reflected by the surrounding rock and then received by the distance measuring instrument, and the distance measuring instrument simultaneously records the round-trip time t of the signals. The speed of light is c, and the relative displacement d of the surrounding rock can be expressed as follows:
where t0 is 6.7 × 10-10s and the speed of light c is 3 × 108 m/s.
Claims (2)
1. A method for monitoring stress and displacement of roadway surrounding rock is characterized by comprising the following monitoring steps:
s1, measuring the strain of the upper side and the lower side of the cross section of the anchor rod body through the strain rosettes, and averaging to obtain the strain epsilon in the x directionxY direction strain epsilonyAnd shear strain gammaxy(ii) a In step S1, the measured strain components of the different forms of strain rosettes (2) are calculated from the following formula:
for the first strain flower: epsilonx＝ε0°,εy＝ε90°,γxy＝ε0°+ε90°-2ε45°；
For the second strain flower: epsilonx＝ε0°,
Wherein epsilonxDenotes strain in the x direction,. epsilonyDenotes strain in y-direction, γxyRepresenting shear strain;
taking the average value of the measured results of the two groups of strain rosettes for the strain in the x direction, the strain in the y direction and the shear strain of the anchor rod;
s2, according to the stress balance relation of the anchor rod, the stress of the surrounding rock acting on the anchor rod tray is solved, and further the stress of the surrounding rock is solved;
in step S2, after the anchor rod (11) is driven into the surrounding rock, the anchor rod and the surrounding rock are completely bonded by adopting a full-length anchoring mode;
when the stock tray is circular, because stock and rock mass fully contact, then carry out the atress analysis as follows to the stock body of rod and tray is whole:
the stress applied to the tray by the surrounding rock, namely the surrounding rock stress is:
wherein, tauf: the shear stress on the contact surface of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock after the contact is fully realized; sigmaN: the surrounding rock acts on the positive stress of the anchor rod tray; d: the diameter of the tray; d: the diameter of the anchor rod; l: anchor length; n: the correction coefficient is related to the contact condition of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock;
or, when the stock tray is the square, because the rock mass fully contacts, then carry out the atress analysis as follows to the stock body of rod and tray is whole:
the stress that the surrounding rock was used on the tray, namely the surrounding rock stress is:
wherein, tauf: shear stress on the contact surface of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock; sigmaN: the surrounding rock acts on the positive stress of the anchor rod tray; a: the side length of the tray is long; d: the diameter of the anchor rod; l: anchor length; n: the correction coefficient is related to the contact condition of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock;
s3, calculating the displacement of the anchor rod body in the stress process according to the geometric relation between the strain and the displacement, and further calculating the displacement of the surrounding rock due to synchronous deformation of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock; in step S3, there is a geometric relationship between displacement and strain:can be obtained by the following steps:，；
wherein u and v are displacements of the surrounding rock in the x and y directions respectively; c1And C2Is an integration constant;
and S4, monitoring the relative moving amount of the two sides of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the top bottom plate by using a laser range finder.
2. The method for monitoring the stress and displacement of the surrounding rock of the roadway according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the relative movement amount of the two sides of the roadway or the top and bottom plates is measured by a laser range finder (13) installed at the exposed end of the anchor rod;
the laser range finder (13) continuously transmits laser pulse signals to the surrounding rock, the signals are reflected by the surrounding rock and then received by the range finder, and the laser range finder (13) simultaneously records the round-trip time t of the signals0If the speed of light is c, the relative migration amount d of the surrounding rock can be expressed as follows:
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