CN107619230B - Concrete material for 3D printing - Google Patents
Concrete material for 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107619230B CN107619230B CN201710858094.XA CN201710858094A CN107619230B CN 107619230 B CN107619230 B CN 107619230B CN 201710858094 A CN201710858094 A CN 201710858094A CN 107619230 B CN107619230 B CN 107619230B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a concrete material for 3D printing, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 22 to 67 percent of cement, 0 to 4.5 percent of mineral admixture, 0 to 5 percent of nano clay, 21.5 to 66.5 percent of sandstone, 0.03 to 0.2 percent of water reducing agent, 0 to 0.09 percent of thickening rheological agent, 0 to 1 percent of air entraining agent and 11 to 23 percent of water. The concrete material for 3D printing has good fluidity before printing, so that the concrete material cannot be blocked or separated in the process of being pumped to a concrete 3D printer by a concrete pump; meanwhile, after the concrete material for 3D printing is printed out, the concrete building layer can stand quickly without collapsing or flowing, and the concrete building layer has certain supporting strength and can support the printing of the next layer, so that the printing continuity of the concrete building layer is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a concrete material, in particular to a concrete material for 3D printing, and belongs to the technical field of building materials.
Background
3D printing is an emerging scientific technology that is rapidly developing in the middle of the 80 s worldwide. The method is a rapid molding mode for cumulatively constructing an object by stacking layers by taking a digital model file as a base and using resin, metal, cement, ceramic or the like as a bonding material. 3D prints and can abandon the factory production line, also need not machining or mould, directly prints out the spare part that has the design shape in computer graphic data at the scene, has greatly shortened the development cycle of product, has reduced the material waste, is showing to improve productivity ratio and has reduced manufacturing cost, has also reduced labour quantity by a wide margin. At present, 3D printing is gradually developed and applied in the fields of national defense, aerospace, automobiles, medical treatment, construction, industrial design, jewelry and the like. The 3D printing technology becomes strategic and precedent technology in the 21 st century, and the wide application of the technology can greatly save cost, save energy and resources, improve the processing precision and speed of products, remarkably change the production mode of manufacturing industry and improve the international competitiveness of national manufacturing industry. In 4 months 2012, the british famous journal "economic scholars" journal article considers that the 3D printing technology will promote the realization of the third industrial revolution together with other digital production modes. The 3D printing technology is also highly valued in developed countries such as the american european day, and has been promoted to the strategic level of the country, and huge investment is invested in development and research.
In recent years, 3D printing technology has begun to be tried in the construction industry. In the United states, the Proc. California university of California in 2012, Biroc-Hosh Nevis, first studied the 'printing' of buildings using concrete as the raw material, and consisted of a huge three-dimensional extrusion machine, where the extrusion head was 'built' layer by layer using a gear transmission, and the inner and outer walls, the spaces for doors and windows, and various water and electricity air-conditioning pipe networks were built up layer by layer to produce buildings. In europe, in 2013, the netherlands architect, briefly augur, luksoni, in cooperation with the italian inventor, enrico dini (D-Shape3D printer inventor), planned to print a 6 × 9 (meter) two-story small building containing sand and inorganic binder using 3D printing technology. In addition to the research and development of large high-precision printers, the 3D printing technology in the building field is also very important in the research and development of concrete materials for 3D printing. The conventional common concrete or high-performance concrete for buildings cannot meet the requirements at present, because the 3D printing requires that the concrete material has rapid forming performance, the concrete material can stand immediately after flowing out of a printer and can not flow any more, namely, the concrete material has excellent thixotropic performance (high plastic viscosity, low ultimate shear stress, the concrete can flow rapidly once being stirred and flows rapidly, and the concrete can stand rapidly once flowing out), and meanwhile, the concrete material has rapid setting time and high early strength. Otherwise the printed structure dimensions deviate significantly from the original design and the lower concrete cannot deform during the continuous stacking process. Therefore, the development of the high-thixotropy concrete 3D printing material capable of rapidly standing has very important theoretical significance and engineering application value for the 3D printing technology in the field of buildings.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a concrete material for 3D printing, wherein the concrete 3D printing material has good fluidity before printing, can stand quickly after printing without collapse or flow, and has certain supporting strength to support the subsequent level printing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a concrete material for 3D printing comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 22 to 67 percent of cement, 0 to 4.5 percent of mineral admixture, 0 to 5 percent of nano clay, 21.5 to 66.5 percent of sandstone, 0.03 to 0.2 percent of water reducing agent, 0 to 0.09 percent of thickening rheological agent, 0 to 1 percent of air entraining agent and 11 to 23 percent of water.
Wherein, before printing, the nano-clay with needle-like or sheet structure in the concrete material is orderly arranged.
After printing, the nano-clay with the needle-shaped or sheet-shaped structure in the concrete material is mutually overlapped to form a net-shaped nano structure.
Wherein the cement is Portland cement, and the specific surface area of the cement is 300-400 m2The mixing amount of the cement in each cubic concrete material is 400-1200 kg.
Wherein the mineral admixture is silica fume or/and I-grade fly ash; wherein the specific surface area of the silica fume is 13000-20000 m2Per kg, the doping amount of the silica fume in each cubic concrete material is 0-40 kg, and the specific surface area of the class I fly ash is 310-420 m2Per kg, the doping amount of the class I fly ash in each cubic concrete material is 0-40 kg; the silica fume can increase the viscosity of the cementing material and reduce the fluidity of concrete, so that the concrete has certain fluidity and also has enough strength after being printed; the ball effect of the class I fly ash can effectively improve the fluidity of the concrete material, so that the concrete material can meet the fluidity of pumping and 3D printing and can reduce the mixing amount of cement.
Wherein the particle size of the nano-clay is 0.01-0.5 μm, and the doping amount of the nano-clay in each cubic concrete material is 0-90 kg.
The sand stone is well graded, the particle size range of the sand stone is 0-10 mm, the mixing amount of the sand stone in each cubic concrete material is 600-1400 kg, and the particle size of the sand stone is 0-10 mm.
The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, the solid content of the water reducing agent is 20-50%, the water reducing rate is 10-40%, and the mixing amount of the water reducing agent in each cubic concrete material is 0.5-3 kg.
The thickening rheological agent is a sodium cellulose salt thickening rheological agent, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the doping amount of the thickening rheological agent in each cubic concrete material is 0-1.5 kg; the thickening rheological agent can improve the concrete fluidity while increasing the concrete consistency in the concrete. The air entraining agent can effectively improve the fluidity of the concrete material by utilizing the ball effect of the bubbles, thereby meeting the requirements of 3D printing and pumping of the concrete material.
The components in the concrete material formula for 3D printing are matched with each other, so that the fluidity of the concrete material is improved by synergy, and the strength of a printed concrete building layer can be improved; the silica fume in the formula can increase the viscosity of the concrete material, so that the curing speed and strength of the printed concrete are improved; the fly ash and the air entraining agent cooperate to improve the fluidity of the concrete material, the water reducing agent reduces the water consumption of the concrete material, the thickening rheological agent ensures that the concrete material has certain consistency and still has required fluidity, the nano clay improves the performance of the concrete material from the microstructure of the material, the nano clay enables the concrete material to have good fluidity before printing, and after printing, the nano clay is mutually overlapped to form a net-shaped nano structure by depending on the needle-shaped or sheet-shaped structures of the nano clay, so that larger particles in the concrete material are supported, and the continuous printing of a subsequent concrete building layer is supported.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the concrete material for 3D printing has good fluidity before printing, so that the concrete material cannot be blocked or separated in the process of being pumped to a concrete 3D printer by a concrete pump; after the concrete material for 3D printing is printed out, a concrete building layer can stand quickly without collapsing or flowing, and meanwhile, the concrete material has certain supporting strength and can support the printing of the next layer; further, the 3D printed concrete material of the present invention can support the continuity of printing of concrete building layers, and can continuously print 33 layers without slumping or flowing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the change of the microstructure of the concrete material for 3D printing according to the present invention before and after printing.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The concrete material for 3D printing is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 36kg of portland cement, 60kg of well-graded sandstone, 1kg of silica fume, 1kg of I-class fly ash, 2kg of nano-clay, 1kg of water reducing agent, 5g of thickening rheological agent, 10g of air entraining agent and 16kg of water.
Adding the Portland cement, the sand stone, the silica fume, the I-grade fly ash and the nano clay in the formula amount into a stirrer for premixing to obtain a mixed material A, then adding the water reducing agent and the air entraining agent in the formula amount into the water in the formula amount, stirring for a certain time to obtain a mixed material B, mixing the mixed material A and the mixed material B, then adding the thickening rheological agent in the formula amount, and continuously stirring uniformly to obtain a concrete material; and pumping the prepared concrete material into a concrete 3D printer through a concrete pump, and starting to print the concrete building layer.
And (4) observing results: the concrete building layer printed with the concrete material of example 1 had a good appearance, and could support continuous printing without slumping or running, and could be printed continuously for 33 layers.
Example 2
The concrete material for 3D printing is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 38kg of portland cement, 60kg of well-graded sandstone, 1kg of silica fume, 1kg of I-class fly ash, 1kg of water reducing agent, 5g of thickening rheological agent, 10g of air entraining agent and 16kg of water.
Adding the Portland cement, the sand stone, the silica fume and the I-grade fly ash in the formula amount into a stirrer for premixing to obtain a mixed material A, then adding the water reducing agent and the air entraining agent in the formula amount into the water in the formula amount for stirring for a certain time to obtain a mixed material B, mixing the mixed material A and the mixed material B, then adding the thickening rheological agent in the formula amount, and continuously stirring uniformly to obtain a concrete material; and pumping the prepared concrete material into a concrete 3D printer through a concrete pump, and starting to print the concrete building layer.
And (4) observing results: the concrete building layer printed with the concrete material of example 2 had a good appearance (smooth material appearance and no faults), but only one to three layers could be printed continuously, and the concrete building layer began to slump or flow and could not support continuous printing of the concrete building layer.
In fig. 1, when a concrete material is stirred in a stirrer and pumped into a concrete 3D printer according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, nanoclays having a needle-like or sheet-like structure in the concrete material are arranged in order, so as to ensure good fluidity of the concrete material, and after printing is completed, a concrete building layer is in a static state, and microstructures of the nanoclays in the concrete material are overlapped with each other to form a mesh-like nanostructure, so as to support larger particles in the concrete material, thereby ensuring continuous printing of the concrete building layer.
Table 1 compares the properties of the 3D printed concrete materials of example 1 and example 2 before and after printing:
as can be seen from table 1, the 3D printed concrete materials of example 1 and example 2 are different in printing continuity, because the incorporation of the nanoclay has a significant effect on the building height of the 3D printed concrete material or the printing sustainability, and the addition of the nanoclay can effectively improve the thixotropy of the 3D printed concrete material and increase the green strength, so that the 3D printed concrete material can still maintain the printing sustainability and good building performance under the condition of higher fluidity.
Claims (6)
1. A concrete material for 3D printing which characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 36kg of Portland cement, 60kg of well-graded sandstone, 1kg of silica fume, 1kg of I-class fly ash and 2kg of nano-adhesiveSoil, 1kg of water reducing agent, 5g of thickening rheological agent, 10g of air entraining agent and 16kg of water; the specific surface area of the silica fume is 13000-20000 m2Per kg, the specific surface area of the class I fly ash is 310-420 m2/kg；
Wherein, before printing, the nano clay with needle or sheet structure in the concrete material is orderly arranged; after printing, the nano-clay with needle-shaped or sheet-shaped structures in the concrete material is mutually overlapped to form a net-shaped nano structure, so that the subsequent level printing is supported.
2. The concrete material for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein: the cement is Portland cement, and the specific surface area of the cement is 300-400 m2/kg。
3. The concrete material for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the nano clay is 0.01-0.5 mu m.
4. The concrete material for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein: the sand stone is well-graded, and the particle size range of the sand stone is 0-10 mm.
5. The concrete material for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein: the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid type water reducing agent, the solid content of the water reducing agent is 20-50%, and the water reducing rate is 10-40%.
6. The concrete material for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein: the thickening rheological agent is a sodium cellulose salt thickening rheological agent.
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| CN108947418B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2020-09-29 | 浙江大学 | Carbon nanotube/fiber concrete for 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
| CN115943085A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2023-04-07 | 沙特***石油公司 | Cement-based direct writing ink for 3D printing of complex-architecture structural body |
| CN110228976A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-09-13 | 东南大学 | It is a kind of for the coarse aggregate concrete ink material of 3D printing and its application |
| CN110423077B (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2022-02-15 | 东南大学 | Preparation method of rapid and efficient 3D printing cement-based material |
| CN111302718B (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2022-09-09 | 同济大学 | Method for preparing 3D printing concrete from commercial concrete on site |
| CN111484287A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-08-04 | 同济大学 | High-strength recycled concrete capable of being printed in 3D mode and preparation method thereof |
| CN114163183A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-11 | 南京绿色增材智造研究院有限公司 | 3D printing concrete material containing coarse aggregate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115925346A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-04-07 | 福建环球之源环保科技有限公司 | 3D printing waste material baking-free process and equipment thereof |
| CN116535156A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-08-04 | 东南大学 | Nano modified 3D printing high-strength concrete capable of improving pumpability and preparation method thereof |
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