CN1076128A - 超高功率体外超声高温治疗装置及其操作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种体外高温治疗装置,为了诱发生物体靶子的
局部发热,这种装置使用一束由持续时间非常短的波
列发射的聚焦的超高功率弹性波。这个持续时间至
多等于在表示作为时间函数的温度升高曲线的准直
线部分范围内能够破坏靶子的持续时间。
Description
本发明涉及对1990年7月23日申请的法国专利90 09717(公布号No.2 664 819)《超高速体外高温治疗装置》中说明的装置的改进。
为了诱发生物体靶子的局部发热,上述专利的装置使用一束以频率、持续时间和功率均预定的波列形式发射的聚焦的弹性波,而其基本特征在于,决定波束在焦斑中的球形聚集的参数和功率是作为靶子深度的函数而确定的,因此,每个波列的持续时间至多等于在表示其温度作为时间函数而升高的曲线的准直线部分期间允许显著地(最好是全部)破坏靶子的持续时间。
在上述专利说明的实施例中提到,使用的峰值电功率位于10KW和数百瓦之间,这取决于靶子的深度;靶子的破坏是在接近58℃在0.5至3秒的时间内实现的;当破坏靶子需要几个波列时,接续地加到同一靶子上的波列必须由1.5至3秒范围的时间间隔隔开。
申请人随后的工作使得有可能发现,对于处理相当深的靶子,有利的条件是使用至少达约20KW的电功率、减少到百分之几秒至十分之几秒的波列,以及靶子温度可以升高到100℃。其次有利的是,隔开接续地加到同一靶子上的波列的时间间隔为10倍于该波列持续时间的量级。
本工作还使得有可能精确地规定一种方法,用以确定作为靶子深度函数的装置最佳操作条件的特征参数。
按照本发明,这样一种方法的特征是下列接续操作:
1)以通过计算建立的数值表为基础,从与超声在生物体组织中的传播有关的数据中选择工作频率,对于预定的峰值声频功率(例如等于1KW),对于装置(假定与皮肤接触)的换能器焦距的不同数值,数值表提供波束在焦斑中的球形聚焦因子K=Ka×Kg的数值,Ka是超声在换能器发射表面和焦点之间的超声传播路径上的衰减因子,而Kg是等于上述发射表面和焦斑的相应直径之比的几何聚焦因子,上述选择是通过采用对应于最接近靶子深度的焦距值的表中数值和通过采用K因子最大的频率来作出的。
2)对于焦斑直径的给定值与给定特性和深度的靶子,通过实验采用表示靶子温度升高的曲线,并通过选择至多等于或最好显著小于由该曲线的拐点限定的时间的超声发射持续时间,来确定最大的超声发射持续时间。
3)一方面从由上述预定功率的数值表给定的温度升高速度,另一方面从由指示作为治疗温度函数的破坏活性细胞所需时间的医学资料所提供的图线,来确定最小的发射功率,上述确定是假定在温度升高曲线的准线性部分中工作并且加热速度正比于功率而作出的。
本发明的其他特点和优点将从下述说明中更清楚地显示出来。
在附图中:
图1a和1b举例说明对于给定的换能器特性参数的指示作为频频F的函数的球形聚焦因子K和温度升高速率dT/sec的数值表;
图2示出了表示作为治疗时间函数的生物体组织温度升高的曲线;
图3是举例说明作为加热温度函数的生物体组织的破坏时间的图线。
在对应于焦距为10Cm的图1a的表中,对具有给定直径的球形杯形状的换能器和同时给定的焦斑直径,已经确立了K值,从K值通过由实验数据开始计算衰减因子Ka而知道Kg的值,按照衰减因子Ka,在除了骨头或含空气的组织以外的生物体组织内,超声的衰减大约为每cm每MHz 1dB,此处的Cm所指的距离为组织内的传播路径。
对于给定焦斑的体积,通过假定组织内由于吸收而引起的能量损失相应为发射功率的1%,其他损失(发射功率的9%)是由细胞表面上的多重反射引起的,从而计算出了加热速率。这样,人们已经能够计算被吸收而转化为热量的能量和用于加热组织的能量。
实际上,资料中指示的由于吸收引起的损失通常为发射功率的2-3%。因此这样计算的加热速度可能低于人们实际获得的加热速度,为了保险起见,我们选取了1%的数值。
对于不同数值的焦距,例如1.5Cm(图1b),计算了相似的表。
这些表使得装置制造厂家能够对给定的功率数值确定最佳的工作频率,也就是对应于焦斑水平的最大球形能量聚集(从而对应于向靶子外的尽可能小的热扩散)并对应于最快速加热的工作频率。图1a中的表表明,对于10cm的焦距,最佳频率为1MHz,而图1b中的表表明,对于1.5cm的焦距,最佳频率为6MHz。
应当注意到,上述选择最佳工作频率的方法是以这样一种假定为基础的,即在上述计算中没有考虑的由血液循环产生的热扩散和冷却的参数小到可以忽略。
事实上,这些现象当热源很小时可能具有非常重要的影响,具有上述直径的焦斑就属于热源很小的情况。
但是,只要如图2所示的由实验确定的表示靶子温度升高的曲线保持线性或准线性,这就意味着被靶子吸收的几乎全部能量都被用于加热靶子,因此,上述损失相对于提供的热量来说小到可以忽略,使得表中指示的加热速率的数值是有效的。
在图2中,两条曲线Ⅰ和Ⅱ对应于不同的发射功率。可以看出,对应于拐点的超声发射持续时间的值t0仍然相同,但对应于不同温度,分别为T01和T02。
两条曲线在等于约5t0的相同时间后,达到一个平顶;平顶对曲线Ⅰ对应于约3T01的温度,对曲线Ⅱ对应于约2.6T02。
申请人对不同数值的工作频率已经建立了这样的曲线,而焦斑的直径对应于由数值表确定的最佳值,它是靶子深度的函数。这样就知道了t0的相应值。
通过限定自己使用低于t0的超声发射持续时间,生产厂家将肯定使围绕靶子的组织由于热扩散而受到的损伤限制到最小程度。
这还导致为了破坏靶子所必需的热能的供给将显著地减少(虽然外加的瞬时功率要大于使用更长的超声发射持续时间的情况,这将在下面解释)。
从图3的图线出发,对于给定值的超声发射持续时间,有可能确定破坏细胞所需的功率,现在将参考一个例子来说明这一点。
作为例子,为了制造一种预定用于处理深度为7至10cm(从皮肤算起的距离)的靶子,对最大深度确定了最佳频率,因此,参考了适合应用的图1中的表,具有一种球形杯状换能器的1KW发射声波功率,换能器具有10cm的焦距、60°的孔径角和进入病人身体的10cm直径。可以见到,对于1MHz的频率F球形聚集因子K是最大的,加热速率为33.97℃/sec。
在这一频率,对于所考虑的60°孔径角,焦斑的直径大约为1.5mm。那么,图2的对应于这一直径和这一频率的那种类型的曲线表明,对应于拐点的时间t0(准线性温度升高)等于约0.5秒。当相应的温度在更加短得多的时间内达到时(为保险起见,这一时间定为t0的半值,即0.25秒),组织将只在0.5秒内受到破坏。
参考图3的图线,可以看到,对于70℃的温度,生物体组织在0.25秒内受到破坏,这对应于在0.25秒内温度升高约35℃,即加热速率为140℃/sec。因为图1的表表示对于1KW的声波发射功率来说加热速率为约34℃/sec,人们将选择约4KW的声波功率,可以观察到,在表示靶子温度升高的曲线的准线性范围内,加热速率大体上正比于功率。
换能器的额定功率是已知的,考虑到发射损失,避免热扩散所需的最小电功率将能近似地确定,例如为大约20KW。
使用更高的功率以使破坏靶子的超声发射持续时间更短,可能是有利的。功率越高,在传播期间F频率会产生越加丰富的谐波。经验表明,这在减少皮肤烧伤的风险方面是有效的。
为了避免组成治疗换能器的基本的压电换能器上的功率密度太大,杯状换能器制造成具有例如300mm的直径,并且对于60°的孔径角来说,具有300mm的焦距。
焦距的这种选择是孔径角和入射表面之间的一种折衷,孔径角需要尽可能大,以便将能量集中在焦点上,而入射表面要尽可能小,以避免治疗波束在其传播路径上遇到障碍物(骨头,空气囊)。
在实践中,如果不能调节装置的焦距,治疗头将相对于皮肤作为靶子深度的函数位移一个可变的距离,使得它的焦点与靶子相符合。
这样一种结果也可以用一个固定头来达到,其聚焦可以通过电子装置、透镜或任何其他方法来调节。
因为超声在水中的衰减可以忽略不计,上述数值表是有效的。
装置可以这样安排,使得它发射的波列的持续时间可以在例如0.01至1sec之间调节,这使得医生可以对每个靶子选择最佳的治疗持续时间,上述持续时间例如取自一个图表,该图表提供作为靶子深度的函数的上述持续时间。
上述例子中叙述的装置事实上可以不存在热扩散地破坏位置离皮肤小于10Cm的所有靶子。
但是,对于非常近的靶子最好制造一种不同的装置。这种装置例如采用6MHz的工作频率(图1b)和约1KW的功率。
Claims (6)
1、一种体外高温治疗装置,为了诱发生物体靶子的局部发热,这种装置使用一个以频率、持续时间和功率均预定的波列形式发射的聚焦的弹性波束,其特征在于,决定波束在焦斑中的球形聚集的参数和功率,是通过下列接续操作作为靶子深度的函数而确定的:
-以通过计算建立的数值表为基础,从与超声在生物体组织中的传播有关的数据中选择操作频率,对于预定的峰值声频功率(例如等于1KW),对于装置(假定与皮肤接触)的换能器焦距的不同数值,数值表给出波束在焦斑中的球形聚集因子K=Ka×Kg的数值,Ka是超声在换能器发射表面和焦点之间的超声传播路径上的衰减因子,而Kg是等于上述发射表面和焦斑的相应直径之比的几何聚集因子,上述选择是通过采用对应于最接近靶子深度的焦距值的表中数值和通过采用K因子最大的频率来作出的;
-对于焦斑直径的给定值与给定特性和深度的靶子,通过实验采用表示靶子温度升高的曲线,并通过选择至多等于或最好显著小于由该曲线的拐点限定的时间的超声发射持续时间,来确定最大的超声持续时间;
-一方面从由上述预定功率的数值表给定的温度升高速率,另一方面从由指示作为治疗温度函数的破坏活性细胞所需时间的医学资料所提供的图线,来确定最小的发射功率,上述确定是假定在温度升高曲线的准线性部分中工作并且加热速率正比于功率而作出的。
2、如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,该装置在大约1MHz的频率使用大约20KW的峰值电功率。
3、如权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,波列的持续时间是可以在0.01至1秒之间调节的。
4、如权利要求2或3所述的装置,其特征在于,聚焦的声波是由一个球形杯发射的,该球形杯具有300mm的直径、300mm的焦距、直径为1.5mm的焦斑和60°的孔径角。
5、如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,超声发射持续时间选定为一个值,此值大体上为由上述拐点确定的持续时间的一半。
6、如权利要求1或5所述的装置,其特征在于,在同一靶子上施加的接续波列的时间间隔10倍于每个波列的持续时间。
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FR9200051 | 1992-01-07 | ||
FR9200051A FR2685872A1 (fr) | 1992-01-07 | 1992-01-07 | Appareil d'hyperthermie ultrasonore extracorporelle a tres grande puissance et son procede de fonctionnement. |
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- 1992-01-07 FR FR9200051A patent/FR2685872A1/fr active Pending
- 1992-12-23 IL IL104216A patent/IL104216A0/xx unknown
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- 1993-01-06 BR BR9300021A patent/BR9300021A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-01-06 CA CA002086772A patent/CA2086772A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1993-01-06 CN CN93100168.4A patent/CN1076128A/zh active Pending
- 1993-01-07 US US08/001,988 patent/US5354258A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-07 JP JP5001139A patent/JPH0678944A/ja active Pending
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CN100415318C (zh) * | 2000-04-21 | 2008-09-03 | 特克斯索尼克斯公司 | 利用聚焦超声对病人靶组织区域进行治疗性操作的*** |
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US5354258A (en) | 1994-10-11 |
IL104216A0 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
BR9300021A (pt) | 1993-07-13 |
FR2685872A1 (fr) | 1993-07-09 |
EP0551225A1 (en) | 1993-07-14 |
CA2086772A1 (fr) | 1993-07-08 |
JPH0678944A (ja) | 1994-03-22 |
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