CN107612025B - Current-control type inverter improves control method in microgrid - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses current-control type inverters in a kind of microgrid to improve control method, belongs to inverter coordinated control research field in isolated island microgrid.This method propose a kind of output powers of current-control type inverter to instruct control strategy, pass through the frequency and voltage magnitude variable quantity at detection parallelly connected reverse converter system points of common connection, the size of the active power of output of adjustment inverter and reactive power in real time, to realize, active power is divided equally in proportion between inverter under stable state, the output of current source compensating power, the voltage of auxiliary adjustment load end.The method of the present invention high reliablity, feasibility is strong, improves the runnability of isolated island parallelly connected reverse converter system, provides good reference value for engineer application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to inverter coordinated control research fields in isolated island microgrid, and in particular to current-control type is inverse in microgrid
Become device and improves control method.
Background technique
As the aggravation of energy crisis and the use of traditional energy increasingly aggravate the burden of environment, renewable energy
Introduce the important means for becoming alleviating energy crisis, improving environmental quality.Since renewable energy has distributivity and power
Randomness, so it has been proposed that the concept of microgrid is integrated and controlled the conversion of renewable energy, uses and transmit.In microgrid simultaneously
The distributed generation unit of connection is connected in points of common connection often through the power electronics such as inverter interface and ac bus.Generally
For, microgrid is connected to public bulk power grid by substation, runs as a downstream subsystem, referred to as grid-connected operating mode.
When utility network is in failure, maintenance or very remote geographical location, microgrid can be run with island mode, be local system
Power supply.When being run under island state, the stabilization and power of coordinated control between parellel inversion power to microgrid electric voltage frequency
Reasonable distribution is most important.
The inverter of distributed electrical source interface can give the frequency and amplitude reference value of its output voltage, and control becomes only
Vertical voltage source；Its output power and current reference can also be given by obtaining voltage and frequency reference on common bus
Value, control become current source.In order to realize bearing power dividing equally between each parallel connection power supply automatically and the spy of plug and play
Property, a kind of now widely used control method is based on active power-frequency reference (P- ω*) and reactive power-electricity
Pressure amplitude value reference value (Q-V*) sagging mechanism by whole inverter controls in parallel system at the voltage source of equity.It is not depending on
In the case where communication, each independent voltage control type inverter can according to the active and reactive power of reality output, according to
Sagging relationship adjusts the frequency and amplitude of its output voltage, realizes automatic power-sharing.
However there is a series of defect in traditional droop control method in practical applications.Firstly, voltage-controlled type is inverse
The active value with reactive power of output for becoming device is determined by load, is divided equally between each inverter always.Such as with maximum
The photovoltaic generator of power points tracking characteristics, a large amount of inverter needs directly and accurately to control it in renewable energy power generation
Output power.In order to make full use of the generating capacity of the primary side energy, improve efficiency, such inverter is needed with current control
Mode work is not suitable for using droop control method.Secondly, droop control method is only pure perception Shi Caigong in distribution line impedence
Make well, the resistive composition in line impedance will export active introduce between reactive power in inverter and couple, to reduce
Dynamic performance and stability.In addition, the intrinsic trade-off problem between power-sharing and voltage regulation factor is but also sagging
Control method performance is not ideal enough, it is necessary to by increasing additional secondary control, to compensate the deviation of frequency and voltage.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems, such as that traditional droop control method exists, the purpose of the present invention is to provide electric currents in a kind of microgrid
It is whole to promote parallel system to make up the defect of the voltage source of the sagging control of tradition for the improvement control method of control type inverter
Running body performance.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The improvement control method of current-control type inverter in microgrid, comprising the following steps:
1) under two-phase synchronous rotary dq coordinate system, phaselocked loop is by the q shaft voltage on the points of common connection of inverter ac side
Amplitude clamp is 0, measures d shaft voltage amplitude vPCCdAnd frequencies omegaPCC, measure the dq axis output electric current i of inverterod, ioq.Wherein
Frequency and voltage magnitude value on points of common connection are used to calculate the instruction value for generating active power and reactive power, inverter
Export feedback signal of the electric current as controller；
2) the instruction value P for generating active power and reactive power is calculated*And Q*:
P*=P0-mω(ωPCC-ω0)
Q*=Q0-nv(vPCCd-V0)
Wherein, mωAnd nvIt is the sagging slope of frequency and voltage magnitude at points of common connection, mω,nv>0。P0And Q0It is in public affairs
The frequency values of tie point are equal to power grid rated frequency ω altogether0, voltage magnitude is equal to power grid voltage rating V0In the case where, inverter
The initial setting of output power reference value.P*And Q*It is calculated according to the actual frequency values and voltage magnitude of points of common connection
Active power and reactive power command value.
3) by the instruction value P of active power calculated in step 2) and reactive power*And Q*First-order low-pass wave is carried out,
Filter is ω by frequencycrad/s.The power command value obtained after filtering isWithIn the steady state, existWherein, the s=j ω in following formula, is multifrequency domain variable.
4) instruction value of current regulator under dq coordinate system is calculatedWith
5) the calculated dq shaft current instruction value of step 4) is sent into the current controller of inverter internal, it is anti-by closed loop
Feedback control inverter output currentThe signal of controller output generates pwm signal, control as modulation voltage
The on-off of switching tube processed.And then realize real output P when controlling inverter stable stateo=P*,Qo=Q*。
In traditional current-control type inverter (current source) control method, the output of inverter is active and reactive power refers to
Value is enabled generally to immobilize or become at random according to the MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm of inverter primary side generation of electricity by new energy unit
Change.When bearing power variation, the current source under traditional control method can not respond the output power output of adjustment itself
Meet loading demand.Therefore, voltage control type inverter in parallel in system (voltage source) needs to reserve sufficiently large capacity and goes
Undertake all load variations.Simultaneously as the output power of voltage source increases and makes the voltage landing in line impedance significant
Increase, the voltage magnitude on points of common connection being connected with load falls the quality seriously reduced as load supplying.
In order to enable current-control type inverter can compensate for bearing power variation, the voltage-controlled type in parallel system is assisted
Inverter, the common voltage adjusted on points of common connection, it is inverse to the adjustment current-control type in 4) that the invention proposes steps 2)
The improvement control method for becoming the active and reactive power command value of device, is explained in detail below:
In isolated island microgrid, the main function of voltage control type inverter be establish, maintain bus on voltage magnitude and
Frequency remains in rated range, also referred to as primary, voltage source.Generally use active power-frequency reference (P- ω*) and
Reactive power-voltage magnitude reference value (Q-V*) sagging mechanism controlled:
ω*=ω0-mpM(PM-P0M)
Wherein, PMAnd QMIt is the active and reactive power of primary, voltage source reality output.P0MAnd Q0MIt is to export as rated frequency
ω0With rated voltage amplitude V0In the case of, the initial set point of main power source output power.mpMAnd nqMIt is active and reactive power pair
The sagging slope answered, mpM,nqM>0。ω*And vM *It is the output order value of real-time calculated frequency and voltage.
Current-control type inverter needs to rely on voltage and the frequency support of primary, voltage source offer, according to instruction value output one
Fixed power and electric current, also referred to as from current source.In order to enable the primary, voltage source shared from current source with sagging control
Bearing power variation, auxiliary adjustment voltage, the invention proposes a kind of inverse dip mechanism, enable from current source according to the public affairs measured
Frequency and voltage magnitude on tie point altogether, adjusts itself active and reactive power reference value:
P*=P0S-mωS(ωPCC-ω0)
Q*=Q0S-nvS(vPCCd-V0)
Wherein, ωPCCAnd vPCCdFor the public company under two-phase synchronous rotary dq coordinate system, measured from power supply by phaselocked loop
Frequency and d shaft voltage amplitude on contact.mωSAnd nvSIt is the inverse dip slope of frequency and voltage magnitude at points of common connection,
mωS,nvS>0。P0SAnd Q0SIt is the frequency values in points of common connection equal to power grid rated frequency ω0, it is specified that voltage magnitude is equal to power grid
Voltage V0In the case where, from the initial setting of current source output power reference value.P*And Q*It is calculated to have in real time from current source
Function power and reactive power command value.
Due to ωPCCAnd vPCCdIt is all instantaneous control amount, the high frequency small fluctuations being superimposed on average value can join in power
It examines and is amplified in value, operation not good for system stability.Therefore, final value and power reference is by P*And Q*By first-order low-pass wave
Device obtains, and filter is ω by frequencycrad/s.The power command value obtained after filtering isWithIn the steady state, existWherein, the s=j ω in following formula, is multifrequency domain variable.
Under dq coordinate system, the power that inverter is output to points of common connection can be indicated are as follows:
Due to the q shaft voltage v on points of common connectionPCCqBeing phase locked ring clamp is 0, and inverter is output to points of common connection
Active and reactive power only with d shaft voltage amplitude vPCCdIt is related.According to above formula, the instruction value for being sent into current controller is calculated
With
Process for simplifying the analysis, it is assumed that parallel system is controlled by the primary, voltage source and an inverse dip of sagging control
Slave current source composition.In original state t0Moment, the active power of output of primary, voltage source are PM_0=P0M, according to wattful power
Rate-frequency reference (P- ω*) sagging formula, the frequency reference of main power source output voltage is ω at this time*=ω0.Under stable state,
Frequency in system everywhere is consistent.The frequencies omega from points of common connection is obtained from power supply by phaselocked loopPCC=ω0.According to
Frequency-active power command value (ω-P*) inverse dip control principle, at this time from the active power of output of power supply be PS_0=P*
=P0S.When the active power of load increases, the active power of output of primary, voltage source increases therewith first, so as to cause system frequency
Decline.From power detecting to ωPCCDecline, according to inverse dip relationship, from the active power command value P of current source*It can increase
Add.With the increase from power supply active power of output, the active power of output of primary, voltage source increases and the decline of system frequency
Trend is cancelled, and negative-feedback is formed, in t1When etching system reach stable state.At this point, the frequency of system is ω1.Main power source and from power supply
Respective active power of output PM_1、PS_1Between relationship can indicate are as follows:
As the corresponding sagging slope m of primary, voltage source active powerpMWith from the corresponding inverse dip slope m of electric current source frequencyωSIf
Evaluation meets following relationship:
It can derive, in any bearing power and frequency, main power source and the active power of output from power supply
The proportionate relationship set point P with active power under rated frequency always0MAnd P0SIt is consistent.
Therefore, the current source of improved method control may be implemented in the case where not depending on connection, and adjust automatically is active
The output of power, between voltage source realize active power divide equally, avoid voltage source alone bear bearing power variation and can
The overload problem that can cause.
Similar, when the reactive power of load increases, the output reactive power of primary, voltage source increases therewith first, thus
Cause the decline of voltage magnitude at points of common connection.From power detecting to vPCCdDecline, according to inverse dip relationship, from current source
Reactive power command value Q*It will increase.With the increase from power supply output reactive power, since load general power is certain, main electricity
The output reactive power of potential source increases to be cancelled with the downward trend of voltage magnitude at points of common connection, forms negative-feedback, most
Whole system reaches new stable state.Different from frequency, the voltage magnitude of each point is unable to automatic synchronization one in parallel system under stable state
It causes.Since, there are pressure drop, the voltage magnitude of main power source output end is greater than the voltage magnitude at points of common connection in line impedance, because
This, is different from active power, and main power source and the reactive power exported from power supply are not set according to reactive power under voltage rating
Pinpoint Q0MAnd Q0SRatio divide equally.According to inverse dip principle, is exported from power supply by increasing the reactive power of itself, make winner
The reactive power of power supply output reduces, and the voltage landing on the route of main power source output end to points of common connection also reduces therewith,
Ensure that the voltage magnitude at points of common connection does not have excessive landing.In the steady state, the reactive power exported from current source is long-range
In primary, voltage source, plays the role of compensating reactive power, maintains voltage magnitude at points of common connection.
Compared with prior art, the present invention at least has technical effect beneficial below: at measurement points of common connection
Frequency and voltage magnitude variation, be based on a kind of novel inverse dip principle, calculate adjustment current-control type inverter in real time
The instruction value of active power of output and reactive power can be realized and divide equally active power, compensating power, auxiliary tune under stable state
Save the effect of voltage at points of common connection.The present invention changes on the basis of the control structure of conventional current control type inverter
Into increasing voltage measurement link and inverse dip at points of common connection and calculate power command value link, structure is simple, item is cleared
Clear, feasibility and practical provides good reference value for engineer application；Compared with the voltage source of sagging control, have
Function and reactive power are independent controls, and coupled problem is not present, and resistive line impedance will not jeopardize current-control type inversion
The performance of device has electric to compensate busbar voltage deviation, auxiliary by adjusting its output power since power control is very flexible
The potentiality adjusted are pressed, the defect of the voltage source of the sagging control of tradition is compensated for, promote overall operation performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is current-control type three-phase inverter improved method control block diagram proposed by the invention；
Fig. 2 (a) is frequency proposed by the invention-active power command value inverse dip curve graph, and Fig. 2 (b) is commonly connected
Point voltage magnitude-reactive power command value inverse dip curve graph；
Fig. 3 is inverter direct-flow side energy storage control principle block diagram；
When Fig. 4 is resistive line impedance, the simulation waveform of two shunt chopper output powers.Wherein, Fig. 4 (a) is
Two voltage control type inverter parallel connections of the sagging control of tradition；Fig. 4 (b) is that a voltage-controlled type of the sagging control of tradition is inverse
It is in parallel with the current-control type inverter that improved method proposed by the invention controls to become device；
When Fig. 5 is that reactive load increases, the voltage magnitude of points of common connection and two shunt chopper output reactive powers
Simulation waveform.Wherein, Fig. 5 (a) is two voltage control type inverter parallel connections of the sagging control of tradition；Fig. 5 (b) is tradition
One voltage control type inverter of sagging control and the current-control type that improved method proposed by the invention controls are inverse
It is in parallel to become device.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific example, the present invention is described in further detail, it is described be explanation of the invention without
It is to limit.
The present invention provides a kind of current-control type inverters to improve control method, and principle is as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3.In
In emulation, it will be compared using the improved method with using the inverter parallel system of traditional control method, as a result such as Fig. 4
With shown in Fig. 5.When what Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b) were indicated is resistive line impedance, two of conventional method and improved method control are simultaneously
Join the simulation waveform of inverter output power.It can be seen that control method proposed by the present invention is used, in resistive line impedance
Under the conditions of, dividing equally for active power equally may be implemented, and huge reactive circular power flow damage inverter will not be generated；Fig. 5 (a)
When increasing with Fig. 5 (b) reactive load indicated, two shunt choppers that conventional method and improved method control it is commonly connected
The voltage magnitude of point and the simulation waveform of output reactive power.As can be seen that improvement control method proposed by the present invention can be with
By way of enabling current source compensating power export, prevents the voltage magnitude of points of common connection from falling excessive, guarantee to be negative
Carry the quality of voltage of power supply.Simulation results show current-control type inverter proposed by the invention improves having for control method
Effect property and feasibility.
The specific implementation steps are as follows for it:
1) under two-phase synchronous rotary dq coordinate system, by phaselocked loop by the q axis on the points of common connection of inverter ac side
Voltage magnitude clamp is 0, measures d shaft voltage amplitude vPCCdAnd frequencies omegaPCC, measure the dq axis output electric current i of inverterod, ioq。
Wherein the voltage magnitude on points of common connection and frequency values are used to calculate the instruction value for generating active power and reactive power, inversion
Feedback signal of the output electric current of device as controller；
2) the instruction value P for generating active power and reactive power is calculated*And Q*:
P*=P0-mω(ωPCC-ω0)
Q*=Q0-nv(vPCCd-V0)
Wherein, mωAnd nvIt is the sagging slope of frequency and voltage magnitude at points of common connection, mω,nv>0。P0And Q0It is in public affairs
The frequency values of tie point are equal to power grid rated frequency ω altogether0, voltage magnitude is equal to power grid voltage rating V0In the case where, inverter
The initial setting of output power reference value.P*And Q*It is calculated according to the actual frequency values and voltage magnitude of points of common connection
Active power and reactive power command value.
3) by the instruction value P of active power calculated in step 2) and reactive power*And Q*First-order low-pass wave is carried out,
Filter is ω by frequencycrad/s.The power command value obtained after filtering isWithIn the steady state, existWherein, the s=j ω in following formula, is multifrequency domain variable.
4) instruction value of current regulator under dq coordinate system is calculatedWith
5) the calculated dq shaft current instruction value of step 4) is sent into the current controller of inverter internal, it is anti-by closed loop
Feedback control inverter output currentThe signal of controller output generates pwm signal, control as modulation voltage
The on-off of switching tube processed.And then realize real output P when controlling inverter stable stateo=P*,Qo=Q*。
6) in order to make the primary side of inverter that there is enough power generation capacity to meet the needs of power adjustment, in Fig. 1, directly
It flows side setting battery energy storage and a buck-boost bidirectional converter and photovoltaic generation unit is in parallel, adjust primary side jointly
Output power.As shown in figure 3, working as the output power reference value P of inverter ac side*The maximum that can be output greater than photovoltaic panel
Power PPVWhen, current transformer is by control work in boost mode, power needed for battery discharge supplement is insufficient；Work as inverter ac
When the output power reference value of side is less than the maximum power of photovoltaic panel, in order to avoid energy waste, battery charging absorbs remaining
Power, current transformer is by control work in buck mode
Specifically, the present invention has built two inverter parallel models as shown in Figure 1 in simulation software PSCAD, it will
It is compared using traditional control method with using the inverter parallel system of improved method proposed by the invention.Firstly,
In line impedance in the biggish situation of resistive composition, parallel system is emulated.Wherein, Fig. 4 (a) is the sagging control of tradition
Two voltage control type inverter parallel connections of system；Fig. 4 (b) is a voltage control type inverter and this hair for the sagging control of tradition
One current-control type inverter parallel connection of bright proposed improved method control.0 between 2s, the active load of 3000W
Can it divide equally under two kinds of control methods.However, since resistive line impedance can be inverse for the voltage-controlled type of the sagging control of tradition
Becoming device brings huge power to couple, therefore there are huge reactive circular power flows in Fig. 4 (a).Active load increases to after 2s
6000W, reactive circular power flow also increase accordingly.The presence of reactive circular power flow may be such that inverter triggers overcurrent protection, shorten device
Service life etc..In Fig. 4 (b), the current-control type inverter of improved method control is not influenced by resistive line impedance, no
There are reactive circular power flows.
Secondly, comparing reactive load increases front and back, the voltage waveform at points of common connection.When reactive load increases from 0
When to 6000Var, Fig. 5 illustrates the parallel system of conventional method and improved method control, the voltage change at points of common connection.
The reactive loss in line impedance is added, total reactive power demand is about 6300Var.In Fig. 5 (a), traditional droop control method
Under two inverters divide equally reactive power.Although the reactive power output of every inverter all increases very much, about
3126Var, and the value of idle sagging slope is very small, about 10-4, therefore the landing of the output end voltage of every inverter is non-
Normal small, only 0.31V.However, being dramatically increased since the pressure drop in line impedance can export idle increase with inverter.
Therefore, the Voltage Drop on final points of common connection is larger, is 6.5V.And for the improvement control method in Fig. 5 (b), from electricity
Stream source is according to inverse dip mechanism, and voltage magnitude offset is excessive to prevent at points of common connection, assumes responsibility for most reactive power.
To make the pressure drop very little on the output reactive power and line impedance of primary, voltage source, Voltage Drop at final points of common connection
Only 0.7V is better than sagging control.
The present invention gives a kind of current-control type inverters to improve control method.In order to verify proposed control method
Feasibility, author built simulation model in simulation software PSCAD and verified.Simulation results show the control method
It can obtain and more preferably control performance than traditional control method.This method is correct, reliable, provides good ginseng for engineer application
Examine value.
Claims (1)
1. current-control type inverter improves control method in microgrid, which comprises the following steps:
1) under two-phase synchronous rotary dq coordinate system, phaselocked loop is by the q shaft voltage amplitude on the points of common connection of inverter ac side
Clamp is 0, measures d shaft voltage amplitude vPCCdAnd frequencies omegaPCC, measure the dq axis output electric current i of inverterodAnd ioq；Wherein, public
The frequency on tie point and voltage magnitude are used to calculate the instruction value for generating active power and reactive power, the output of inverter altogether
Feedback signal of the electric current as controller；
2) the instruction value P for generating active power and reactive power is calculated*And Q*:
P*=P0-mω(ωPCC-ω0)
Q*=Q0-nv(vPCCd-V0)
Wherein, mωAnd nvIt is the sagging slope of frequency and voltage magnitude at points of common connection, mω,nv>0；P0And Q0It is in public company
The frequency values of contact are equal to power grid rated frequency ω0, voltage magnitude is equal to power grid voltage rating V0In the case where, inverter output
The initial setting of value and power reference, P*And Q*It is calculated active according to the actual frequency values and voltage magnitude of points of common connection
Power and reactive power command value；
3) by active-power P calculated in step 2)*With the instruction value Q of reactive power*Carry out first-order low-pass wave, filter
By frequency be ωcrad/s；The power command value obtained after filtering isWithIn the steady state, existWherein, the s=j ω in following formula, is multifrequency domain variable；
4) instruction value of current regulator under dq coordinate system is calculatedWith
5) the calculated dq shaft current instruction value of step 4) is sent into the current controller of inverter internal, by closed loop feedback control
Inverter output current processedThe signal of controller output generates pwm signal as modulation voltage, and control is opened
The on-off of pipe is closed, and then realizes real output P when controlling inverter stable stateo=P*,Qo=Q*。
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| CN109494767A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-19 | 易事特集团股份有限公司 | Microgrid control method for frequency and micro-grid system |
| CN112290588B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2023-11-21 | 湖北英特利电气有限公司 | Generalized droop control strategy for grid-supported inverter |
| CN114513017B (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-08-12 | 山东大学 | Distributed tracking method and system for power distribution network instructions of alternating current-direct current micro-grid |
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| 基于可控等效输出阻抗的微网逆变器并联特性研究;赵济乾 等；;《电力***保护与控制》;20170316;第45卷(第6期);第94-100页 * |
| 微电网中并网逆变器的改进下垂控制策略;陈坤 等；;《电力电子技术》;20170131;第51卷(第1期);第29-32页 * |
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| CN107612025A (en) | 2018-01-19 |
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