CN107610229A - The three-dimensional building thing model self-repairing method corroded based on heuristic envelope - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of three-dimensional building thing model self-repairing method corroded based on heuristic envelope, it is characterised in that including：Step 1, the three-dimensional building thing model to input carry out geometry subdivision, ensure the topologically correct property of pel；Step 2, the Tetrahedron subdivision for entering row constraint to the three-dimensional building thing model after subdivision, realize the expressed intact to the space of threedimensional model；Step 3, the border tetrahedron in extraction threedimensional model space, design to tetrahedral progressively erosion and keep algorithm；Step 4, design are heuristic to be corroded strategy and the correctness that tetrahedron corrodes is constrained；The holding and reparation of step 5, realization to the tetrahedral Boundary Extraction of erosion results and to semantic information.Inventive algorithm robust, new mistake will not be introduced during reparation；Arbitrary 3 D (building) model can be repaired, obtain the surface of two-dimensional manifold；Unified reparation can be carried out to geometry, the topological sum semanteme of three-dimensional building thing model, finally give the CityGML models of standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of automatic reparation algorithm of three-dimensional building thing model, and it is mainly used in three-dimensional city, virtually showed
The field such as real, digital city and smart city.
Background technology
Due to D Urban model can be complete expression reality urban environment, therefore in smart city, intelligent transportation, nothing
The numerous areas such as people's driving, location Based service, cadastral survey manual, rural infrastructure planning and management suffer from important application.
Nearly ten years, the focus for having turned the whole world into of three-dimensional city, the expression for its geometry, topological sum semantic information have also been made
International standard is ordered, such as《Urban geography markup language》(CityGML) and《ISO16739 industrial foundation classes》(IFC).According to endless
Full statistics, China has completed in each big city or has built three-dimensional city project more or less a hundred, and scale of investment surpasses 10,000,000,000, advised in the world
Mould occupies leading.
But at the same time, the three-dimension tidal current detailed rules and regulations also imperfection of Current specifications, modeling means are various, manually, certainly
Flowing mode is simultaneously deposited, and is lacked to building up the effective quality examination of model, causes Most current three-dimensional city to be built still only with satisfaction
Based on visual effect, can not ensure in model data correctness.Visual effect D Urban model true to nature is in computer
It is only apparently the unordered dough sheet of a pile, such model data can not be used to support further spatial analysis and calculating.
Therefore, Most current three-dimensional building thing model lacks the assurance to correct three-dimensional spatial information, restricts follow-up quantifying and becomes more meticulous
Using, it is necessary to study the algorithm repaired automatically to it.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of three-dimensional building thing model restorative procedure corroded based on didactic envelope.This method is distinguished
In the method that traditional threedimensional model is repaired automatically, i.e., by the geometry and Topology Error in detection model, such as hole, it is intersecting,
Non-manifold etc., local route repair is carried out for specific mistake, but utilized with constrained Tetrahedron subdivision, to three-dimensional building thing
Model integrally carries out uniformly subdivision, then progressively deletes the tetrahedron of model periphery using erosion, is finally reached and aligns
The expression on the two-dimensional manifold border of true three-dimensional building thing model.The stability difference being widely present this method avoid local route repair
Problem, and avoid the problem of overall situation of the tradition based on voxel repairs the expression distortion brought.And utilize heuritic approach
Constrained with geometry, topologically correct property, can ensure preferentially to handle optimal tetrahedron candidate target during erosion,
Efficiency high and repair success rate it is big.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
The three-dimensional building thing model self-repairing method corroded based on heuristic envelope, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1, the three-dimensional building thing model to input carry out geometry subdivision, ensure the topologically correct property of pel；
Step 2, the Tetrahedron subdivision for entering row constraint to the three-dimensional building thing model after subdivision, realize the sky to threedimensional model
Between expressed intact；
Step 3, the border tetrahedron in extraction threedimensional model space, design to tetrahedral progressively erosion and keep algorithm；
Step 4, design are heuristic to be corroded strategy and the correctness that tetrahedron corrodes is constrained；
Step 5, realize to the tetrahedral Boundary Extraction of erosion results andHolding and reparation to semantic information。
(step 3, step 4 are that technical solution of the present invention embodies creative committed step)
It is characteristic of the invention that：
1st, algorithm robust, new mistake will not be introduced during reparation；
2nd, Arbitrary 3 D (building) model can be repaired, obtains the surface of two-dimensional manifold；
3rd, unified reparation can be carried out to geometry, the topological sum semanteme of three-dimensional building thing model, finally gives standard
CityGML models.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the inventive method technical scheme schematic flow sheet
Fig. 2 three-dimensional building thing model facetizations and pretreatment are illustrated
Fig. 3 threedimensional model algorithm of triangulation schematic flow sheets
The constraint Tetrahedron subdivision signal of Fig. 4 threedimensional models
Fig. 5 tetrahedral numbers are according to structural representation
Fig. 6 tetrahedrons, which corrode, repairs algorithm flow chart
Fig. 7 tetrahedrons are corroded with keeping illustrating
The topological constraints signal of Fig. 8 dough sheets
The topological constraints signal on Fig. 9 sides
The topological constraints signal on Figure 10 summits
Figure 11 semantic informations estimating method is illustrated
Figure 12 is to infer schematic diagram towards semantic information is carried out using normal
Embodiment
Based on technical solution of the present invention, more detailed introduction is done to technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 2 three-dimensional building thing model facetizations and pretreatment are illustrated, a) input model geometry；B) trigonometric ratio result；C) intersect
Dough sheet subdivision；D) triangle shape quality optimizes.
The constraint Tetrahedron subdivision signal of Fig. 4 threedimensional models, a) input model；B) tetrahedralization result surface is constrained；C) about
Beam tetrahedralization internal tetrahedrons.
Fig. 7 tetrahedrons are corroded with keeping signal a) current candidate tetrahedron；B) candidate's tetrahedron is corroded；C) keep current to wait
Select tetrahedron.
A) current candidate tetrahedron is illustrated in the topological constraints of Fig. 8 dough sheets；B) anchor triangle is caused after corroding candidate's tetrahedron
Be formed as suspension face.
Fig. 9 while topological constraints signal a) current candidate tetrahedron have one positioned at envelope surface while；B) side and two
The individual non-conterminous tetrahedron association comprising anchor triangle, causes non-manifold after erosion；C, d) side with one, two it is adjacent
Tetrahedron association comprising anchor triangle is correct after erosion.
Topological constraints signal a, b on Figure 10 summits) current tetrahedron sets out and can find one not across anchor triangle
Continuous erosion operations, reach the triangle on the envelope associated by the point, and erosion results are correct；D, e) the current tetrahedron
Setting out, I can not find the continuous erosion operations not across anchor triangle, reach the triangle on the envelope associated by the point
Shape, cause non-manifold after erosion.
A) currently newly-increased anchor dough sheet is located at the adjoining anchor triangle of identical semantic information to the signal of Figure 11 semantic informations estimating method
Inside shape dough sheet and coplanar, its semantic information is then set to abut anchor triangle surface semanteme；B) currently newly-increased anchor dough sheet is located at not
With semantic information adjoining anchor triangle surface inside and it is coplanar, its semantic information is then set to the adjoining anchor three of occupied area advantage
Angled face piece is semantic.
Whole procedure of the invention is as shown in Figure 1.Each step is followed successively by：
Step 1, the geometry subdivision of threedimensional model as shown in Figure 2 and pretreatment, the topologically correct property of pel is ensured.
Step 1.1 threedimensional model trigonometric ratio
Need to input the model data based on triangular mesh expression because the present invention repairs algorithm, it is therefore desirable to original
The non-triangular grid model of input carries out trigonometric ratio.The process is divided to be traveled through to the polygonal patch in input model
Handled for following three kinds of situations, as shown in Figure 3：
Step 1.1.1, if archetype dough sheet is triangle, then retain the dough sheet；
Step 1.1.2, if archetype dough sheet is quadrangle, quadrangle grids are two by the nearest angle steel joint that is connected
Individual triangle；
Step 1.1.3, if archetype dough sheet is convex polygon, polygon is utilized in OpenGL
GLUtesselator carries out rapid triangle subdivision；
Step 1.1.4, if archetype dough sheet is concave polygon, third party Triangle is utilized to polygon1Storehouse
Carry out Delaunay Triangulation.
Above handling process at utmost ensure that the efficiency and effect of triangle subdivision.
Step 1.2 threedimensional model intersects dough sheet subdivision
The three-dimensional building thing model being originally inputted there may be the intersecting situation of dough sheet, therefore carry out tetrahedralization to it
Need to carry out subdivision to intersecting triangle surface before.It is intersecting between detection triangle surface first during subdivision
Situation, be then respectively processed according to different situations, as shown in table 1：
The threedimensional model of table 1 intersects dough sheet subdivision situation
The shape of triangle optimization of step 1.3 threedimensional model
After triangle subdivision, the triangle surface of threedimensional model there may be two class quality problems：It is a kind of
______________________
1http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~quake/tria
A large amount of coplanar, triangulars to be present.The problem can cause follow-up repair process to generate excessive tetrahedron, influence to repair
Multiple efficiency and quality；Triangle (the area of excessively long and narrow or approximate degeneration may be included in the another kind of model for after subdivision
It is approximately 0).Such triangle can influence the precision of follow-up geometric manipulations, it is therefore desirable to optimize processing.
For first kind problem, coplanar, triangular is gathered for one kind using region growth method, then extracts coplanar, triangular
Border, use CDT (referring to step 1.1.4)) trigonometric ratio again is carried out to coplanar, triangular；For the second class problem, pass through
Calculating to the area, Minimum Internal Angle of triangle, local directed complete set is carried out to the triangle surface for not meeting threshold value, such as carries out triangle
Shape edge contraction directly deletes too small suspension triangle.
Three-dimensional building thing model facetization and the result of pretreatment are as shown in Figure 2.
Step 2, three-dimensional building thing model constraint Tetrahedron subdivision and the structure of tetrahedron data structure, are realized to three-dimensional mould
The expressed intact in the space of type
The constraint Tetrahedron subdivision of step 2.1 threedimensional model, its process and result are as shown in Figure 4.
To being carried out by the three-dimensional building model not comprising dough sheet self intersection situation of geometry subdivision with constrained four sides
Body subdivision (i.e. CDT, being existing algorithm, storehouse is realized using increasing income).By the three-dimensional after step 1 is handled during subdivision
The dough sheet of model carries out tetrahedralization as constraint, so that the geometric shape of all initial three-dimensional building models retains
In tetrahedron member's dough sheet after Tetrahedron subdivision.This tetrahedralization algorithm is existing algorithm, utilizes the storehouse TetMesh that increases income2,
Tetgen3Or CGAL4In three-dimensional triangulation module realize.In the process of tetrahedralization (i.e. with constrained Tetrahedron subdivision)
In, need arrange parameter to avoid to tetrahedral subdivision optimization (refinement), and reduce the Steiner that insertion newly increases as far as possible
The number of point.
The structure of step 2.2 tetrahedron data structure
After structure constrains Tetrahedron subdivision, point-side-face-tetrahedral index data structure is established (such as Fig. 5 institutes
Show).Realized in this data structure to tetrahedron and its neighboring tetrahedra, the quick access of dough sheet and its adjacent dough sheet, so as to
Efficient tetrahedron is supported to corrode.
During tetrahedralization, by dough sheet present in the threedimensional model being originally inputted or after coplanar trigonometric ratio
The dough sheet of generation is labeled as anchor triangle, i.e. such triangle remains during subsequent erosion, so as to avoid to input
The modification of three-dimensional model geometric form.Other triangular markers by tetrahedralization generation are general
______________________
2https://cubit.sandia.gov/
3http://wias-berlin.de/software/tetgen/
4http://www.cgal.org/
Logical triangle, it is allowed to which algorithm carries out the processing such as deleting to it.
Step 3, the tetrahedron erosion of three-dimensional building thing model and keeping method
Method flow diagram is as shown in fig. 6, wherein tetrahedron corrodes and retained signal as shown in Figure 7：
After structure constrains Tetrahedron subdivision, the surface of subdivision result is the convex closure of archetype, turns into envelope.Make
Envelope is shunk with tetrahedron corrosion method (being one of technical solution of the present invention innovative point).In the process, every time from
Border tetrahedron on envelope selects an optimal object as the candidate target corroded, then by follow-up step 4
Test the tetrahedral erosion correctness of the candidate.Pass through as tested, then design corrosion method and candidate's tetrahedron is eroded,
This method is deleted candidate's tetrahedron and its triangle on envelope, and will newly be exposed to the borderline four sides of envelope
Body is identified as surface tetrahedra.Correctness test is corroded not by then designing tetrahedron reservation method, inciting somebody to action as candidate is tetrahedral
The tetrahedral all member's triangles of the candidate are labeled as newly-increased anchor triangle.Said process is repeated afterwards, until threedimensional model
Envelope in can not find candidate's tetrahedron, then method terminate.
Step 4, heuristic strategies are corroded with corroding correctness constraint
The automatic reparation of three-dimensional building thing model can be realized, it is necessary to design corresponding erosion plan to ensure that tetrahedron corrodes
Omit and ensure the correctness that each step corrodes.Therefore the topology in didactic erosion arithmetic and erosion process is proposed respectively
(being one of technical solution of the present invention innovative point) is constrained with the correctness of geometry.
Step 4.1 corrodes heuristic strategies
Didactic erosion arithmetic passes through to the tetrahedral erosion performance of threedimensional model candidate (free degree, envelope size)
Evaluation, sequence from high to low is carried out so as to obtain the erosion of optimization order.Wherein,
The number that the free degree is defined as the triangle being located in the tetrahedral 4 member's triangles of candidate in envelope is (maximum
For 3, it is minimum 1).
Envelope size is defined as the area sum for the triangle being located in candidate's tetrahedron in envelope.
Then by all tetrahedrons on the envelope according to elder generation according to envelope size, after according to the free degree carry out arrogant arrive
Small sequence.
So as to select candidate's tetrahedron.
Step 4.2 corrodes topologically correct property constraint
Topologically correct property constraint includes：
1) the topologically correct property in face, i.e., can not occur suspension face after erosion (adjacent surface number is less than 3)；
2) the topologically correct property on side, i.e., the side that can not occur non-two-dimensional manifold after erosion (are exceeded 2 to be located in envelope
Face share)；
3) the topologically correct property on summit, i.e., the summit that can not occur non-two-dimensional manifold after erosion are (discontinuous by two
Envelope surface is shared).
Its concrete methods of realizing is：
Step 4.2.1, member's anchor triangle in candidate's tetrahedron is tested：Such as exist an anchor triangle only with
Candidate's tetrahedron associates, then the anchor triangle must be suspension face after erosion.Therefore topological test crash, to current candidate
Tetrahedron is retained (Fig. 8).
Step 4.2.2, to being located at envelope surface in candidate's tetrahedron, but dereferenced is in the member side of envelope surface triangle
Tested, the test need to travel through all tetrahedrons associated by the side：Such as side non-conterminous includes anchor triangle with two
Tetrahedron association, then corrode candidate's tetrahedron the side will be caused to turn into Singular edges, then now the tetrahedron is retained
(Fig. 9).
Step 4.2.3, to being located at envelope surface in candidate's tetrahedron, but dereferenced pushes up in the member of envelope surface triangle
Point is tested, and the test needs to travel through all tetrahedrons associated by the summit, can not such as be found from current tetrahedron
One continuous erosion operations not across anchor triangle, the triangle on the envelope associated by the point is reached, then corrodes candidate
Tetrahedron will cause the summit to turn into non-manifold summit.Then now the tetrahedron is retained (Figure 10).
Step 4.3, the constraint of geometry correctness is corroded
Geometry correctness includes：
1) need to repair the hole of model surface in erosion process；
2) needed in erosion process ensure triangle form it is good, i.e., to degenerate or long and narrow triangle merge or
Local weight trigonometric ratio processing.
Its concrete methods of realizing is：
Step 4.3.1, in erosion process, the coplanar adjacent triangle of candidate's tetrahedral faces triangle is searched
Rope, as found that hole is included in coplanar, triangular, i.e., the coplanar common triangle surrounded by coplanar anchor triangle is then general by these
Logical triangle is labeled as newly-increased anchor triangle.
Step 4.3.2, in erosion process, if it find that the triangle of morbid state, then optimize, method is such as to its part
Step 1.3.
Step 5, the holding and reparation to the tetrahedral Boundary Extraction of erosion results and to semantic information are realized
Step 5.1, threedimensional model repairs result Boundary Extraction
Corroded by sequence tetrahedron, when candidate's tetrahedron can not be found, repair algorithm and stop.Now, to residue four
The external boundary of face body Model is extracted, so as to generate the three-dimensional building thing model surface geometry after repairing.Based on this method
The tetrahedron data structure established, arbitrary triangle, recursive traversal envelope triangle can be abutted from envelope, so as to
Realize the extraction to repairing results model.
Step 5.2, the preservation and reparation of three-dimensional building thing model semanticses information
In whole repair process, input semantic information pointed in three-dimensional building thing model surface and be saved.It is protected
It is that semantic information pointer is set in anchor triangle to deposit method, and during reparation, such as candidate's tetrahedron is retained.It is then sharp
The semantic information for increasing anchor triangle newly is inferred with semantic information, normal direction and area for abutting anchor triangle etc., its
In
Infer that wherein semantic information is represented with different colours as shown in figure 11 using the semantic information of adjacent anchor triangle,
Follow area maximum principle.(belonging to this area routine techniques, non-invention proposes first)
Inferred using normal towards semantic information is carried out as shown in figure 12, according to the angle of normal to lacking adjacent anchor triangle
The surface semantic information of shape is inferred.(belonging to this area routine techniques, non-invention proposes first)
Innovative point：
1st, the three-dimensional building thing model self-repairing method of robust
2nd, there is higher automatic repair rate using heuritic approach and topological constraints
3rd, support to geometry, the semantic unified errors repair of topological sum.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of three-dimensional building thing model self-repairing method corroded based on heuristic envelope, it is characterised in that including as follows
Step：
Step 1, the three-dimensional building thing model to input carry out geometry subdivision, ensure the topologically correct property of pel；
Step 2, the Tetrahedron subdivision for entering row constraint to the three-dimensional building thing model after subdivision, are realized to the space of threedimensional model
Expressed intact；
Step 3, the border tetrahedron in extraction threedimensional model space, design to tetrahedral progressively erosion and keep algorithm；
Step 4, design are heuristic to be corroded strategy and the correctness that tetrahedron corrodes is constrained；
Step 5, realize to the tetrahedral Boundary Extraction of erosion results and rightThe holding and reparation of semantic information.
2. the three-dimensional building thing model self-repairing method corroded as claimed in claim 1 based on heuristic envelope, its feature
It is, the step 1, specifically comprises the following steps：
A) input model geometry；
B) threedimensional model trigonometric ratio；
C) threedimensional model intersects dough sheet subdivision；
D) the shape of triangle optimization of threedimensional model.
3. the three-dimensional building thing model self-repairing method corroded as claimed in claim 2 based on heuristic envelope, its feature
It is, the threedimensional model trigonometric ratio, the process is divided into following three kinds to be traveled through to the polygonal patch in input model
Situation is handled：
Step 1.1.1, if archetype dough sheet is triangle, then retain the dough sheet；
Step 1.1.2, if archetype dough sheet is quadrangle, quadrangle grids are two three by the nearest angle steel joint that is connected
It is angular；
Step 1.1.3, if archetype dough sheet is convex polygon, polygon is utilized in OpenGL
GLUtesselator carries out rapid triangle subdivision；
Step 1.1.4, if archetype dough sheet is concave polygon, polygon is carried out using third party Triangle storehouses
Delaunay Triangulation.
4. the three-dimensional building thing model self-repairing method corroded as claimed in claim 1 based on heuristic envelope, its feature
It is, after structure constrains Tetrahedron subdivision, the surface of subdivision result is the convex closure of archetype, turns into envelope, therefore,
UseStep 3Tetrahedron corrosion method shrinks to envelope；In the process, every time from the border four on envelope
Face body selects an optimal object as the candidate target corroded；
Then byStep 4Test the tetrahedral erosion correctness of the candidate；Pass through as tested, then design corrosion method to the candidate
Tetrahedron is eroded, and this method is deleted candidate's tetrahedron and its triangle on envelope, and will be newly exposed to
The borderline tetrahedron of envelope is identified as surface tetrahedra；Correctness test is corroded not by then designing as candidate is tetrahedral
Tetrahedron reservation method, the tetrahedral all member's triangles of the candidate are labeled as newly-increased anchor triangle；Repeat afterwards above-mentioned
Process, until that can not find candidate's tetrahedron in the envelope of threedimensional model, then method terminates.
5. the three-dimensional building thing model self-repairing method corroded as claimed in claim 4 based on heuristic envelope, its feature
It is,
To ensure that tetrahedron erosion can realize the automatic reparation of three-dimensional building thing model, step 4 is proposed, didactic corrode is calculated
The correctness constraint of topological sum geometry in method and erosion process：
Step 4.1 corrodes heuristic strategies
Didactic erosion arithmetic carries out sequence from high to low by evaluating the tetrahedral erosion performance of threedimensional model candidate
So as to obtain the erosion of optimization order, wherein,
The free degree be defined as in the tetrahedral 4 member's triangles of candidate be located at envelope in triangle number (be up to 3,
It is minimum 1)；
Envelope size is defined as the area sum for the triangle being located in candidate's tetrahedron in envelope；
Then by all tetrahedrons on the envelope according to elder generation according to envelope size, after carried out from large to small according to the free degree
Sequence；
So as to select candidate's tetrahedron；
Step 4.2 corrodes topologically correct property constraint
Step 4.2.1, member's anchor triangle in candidate's tetrahedron is tested：Such as exist an anchor triangle only with the time
Tetrahedron is selected to associate, then the anchor triangle must be suspension face after erosion；Therefore topological test crash, to current candidate four sides
Body is retained；
Step 4.2.2, to being located at envelope surface in candidate's tetrahedron, but dereferenced is carried out in the member side of envelope surface triangle
Test, the test need to travel through all tetrahedrons associated by the side：Such as side non-conterminous includes the four of anchor triangle with two
Face body association, then corroding candidate's tetrahedron will cause the side to turn into Singular edges, then now the tetrahedron will be retained；
Step 4.2.3, to being located at envelope surface in candidate's tetrahedron, but dereferenced enters in the member vertex of envelope surface triangle
Row test, the test need to travel through all tetrahedrons associated by the summit, such as can not find one from current tetrahedron
Not across the continuous erosion operations of anchor triangle, the triangle on the envelope associated by the point is reached, then corrodes candidate four sides
Body will cause the summit to turn into non-manifold summit；Then now the tetrahedron is retained；
Step 4.3, the constraint of geometry correctness is corroded
Step 4.3.1, in erosion process, the coplanar adjacent triangle of candidate's tetrahedral faces triangle is scanned for, such as
It was found that include hole in coplanar, triangular, i.e., the coplanar common triangle that is surrounded by coplanar anchor triangle, then by these common three
It is angular to be labeled as newly-increased anchor triangle；
Step 4.3.2, in erosion process, if it find that the triangle of morbid state, then locally carried out excellent using step 1.3 to it
Change.
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Application publication date: 20180119 |