CN107592837B - 利用美观的侧面熔接部装饰的管壳 - Google Patents

利用美观的侧面熔接部装饰的管壳 Download PDF

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CN107592837B
CN107592837B CN201680027385.8A CN201680027385A CN107592837B CN 107592837 B CN107592837 B CN 107592837B CN 201680027385 A CN201680027385 A CN 201680027385A CN 107592837 B CN107592837 B CN 107592837B
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layer
decorative
layers
film
sealable
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CN107592837A (zh
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J-C·雅梅
马丁·欣茨
菲利普·阿什曼
J·苏特尔
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Albea Services SAS
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Albea Services SAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于形成柔性管壳的扁平的带(1)，该扁平的带包括装饰膜(15)，该装饰膜被布置在基层膜(16)上，所述基层膜(16)包括一系列聚合物材料的层并且包括在带(1)的下表面(20)上的可封接内层(14)，所述装饰膜(15)包括在带(1)的上表面(19)上的可封接外层(7)和装饰层(8，9)。基层膜(16)包括用于加固带(1)并且保护装饰层(8，9)免于过热的装置。

Description

利用美观的侧面熔接部装饰的管壳
技术领域
本发明涉及：
-一种适于形成经装饰的管壳(tube skirt)的多层平面的带；
-一种经装饰的柔性管壳；
-一种用于储存和分配液态的至膏状的产品(更具体地是化妆品和梳妆产品)的柔性管；
-一种用于制造经装饰的柔性管壳的方法；
-一种能够实施用于制造该经装饰的柔性管壳的方法的工具。
在本发明的上下文中所使用的带通常包括由不同材料制成的数个层，该层组合了管壳必须实现的各种功能，即柔性、保持管壳的变形形状的能力、扩散阻隔性(对蒸汽的不渗透性)、装饰的印刷介质等。
实际上，在特别是用于化妆品和梳妆产品的柔性管的领域中，外观和装饰非常重要。管必须具有经装饰的外表面，该经装饰的外表面包括有金属光泽效果、全息图效果、闪耀效果以及具有广域色彩范围(broad color palette)。
柔性管由扁平的多层带制造成，该带被卷绕以得到被称为管壳的套管。该卷绕被实施以使得带被赋予圆筒形的形状，所述带的侧面边界部被布置成彼此相对，然后在形成侧面熔接部时被熔接至彼此。
接下来，包括分配孔口的管头部被熔接到所述管壳的一个端部。如此制成的管以被倒置的以及其分配孔口被封闭(例如通过旋拧在颈部上的盖)的方式被输送到包装机。包装机通过管的仍敞开的端部将待包装的制品注入，以对管进行填充。一旦管被填充，则该管的敞开的端部被压平，然后被熔合。
在将带转变成管壳之前，管的装饰存在于该扁平带上。难点在于得到尽可能美观的侧面熔接部，即，得到最低限度可见的并且在两侧具有尽可能接近熔接部的装饰的侧面熔接部，同时还要保持熔接部的牢固性，以便防止管中容纳的制品在后续发生泄漏或者被水气或其它污染物污染。
背景技术
现有用于生产管壳的侧面熔接部的数种技术。
第一种技术包括将带的两个侧端部定位成边缘对边缘，然后通过如下方式熔接它们：
-预先使边缘成斜面，使得该边缘变成非对称地彼此配合，
-或者在边缘之间的接缝处加入胶带。
这种技术关于边缘对边缘的定位要求很高的精度，遗憾的是，很少达到这样的要求，因为在管壳制造设备中不易于引导带。
第二种技术包括用一个边缘覆盖另一个边缘：这是一种进行交叠的工艺。在这种情况下，定位精度不那么重要，这使得该工艺更加容易。主要缺点在于，通常需要避免交叠区域中的任何装饰，因为该装饰缺乏对熔接条件的耐受性。这导致在熔接的区域中沿着管可看到具有一定宽度的未经装饰的线条。另外，熔接接缝从外部通常是清晰可见的，从而是不美观的。
为了解决这个问题，已知将装饰层置于可封接的上层和下支撑层之间，使得该装饰层在侧面熔接步骤期间几乎不被损坏。在这种情况下，装饰层延伸遍及带的整个表面区域。该装饰层也可被颠倒置于下支撑层的下方，以便更好地受到保护，但是这种技术是昂贵的，因此仅对生产大量的管壳来说是有利的。在所有情况下，这种装饰层仅使得能够在管壳上嵌入有颜色的和/或闪耀的和/或有金属光泽的“背景”。
下一个步骤包括在带上进行印刷，以便经销商可添附其商标和与管内部所注入的制品有关的各种信息。该步骤在形成套管的步骤和侧面熔接步骤之前进行。因此，这是在可封接的上层的顶部添加的附加层。然而，该印刷层是易损坏的，并且在熔接期间，油墨在施加在交叠区域的顶部的热量的作用下易于蠕变。因此，通常的做法是，不在带的将形成管壳的交叠区域的两个侧边缘上进行印刷，特别是在考虑到存在许多不可熔接的油墨。对于被涂覆在油墨上的防护清漆来说也是如此，因为该防护清漆是不可熔接的。
更具体地，通常的做法是，在交叠区域处加热管壳的外表面以及内表面，以便不仅在交叠区域的表面上使材料熔化，而且还在交叠区域的厚度中使材料熔化，这使得能够产生一随着时间推移经久耐用的牢固的熔接部。
传统地，施加在管壳的外表面上的加热温度T1高于施加在管壳的内表面上的加热温度T2。目的是在内表面熔化之前熔化外表面，使得内表面附近(尤其包括提供管壳的密封性的阻隔层)的层没有时间混合并因而在交叠区域中产生弱点。
实际上，对于传统的多层带结构来说，如果T2大于T1，则内层将在熔化时混合并将破坏交叠区域处的带，从而产生弱点，该弱点例如导致不良的密封阻隔性，这不再能保证对将被注入管内部的化妆品进行最佳的存储。
因此，本发明的目的包括提出一种用于管壳的带结构，该带结构使得能够形成从外部来看是美观的并且足够牢固以保持所需的阻隔作用的侧面熔接部。该带结构还必须使得能够在管壳的交叠区域中涂覆广色域范围的油墨(broad ink pallet)。本发明的目的还在于提出一种用于产生这种美观且牢固的侧面熔接部的方法，以及提出一种使得能够实施该方法的设备。
发明内容
本发明通过下述方式与技术偏见背道而驰，颠倒加热温度以便与交叠区域中的外表面相比更多地加热管壳的内表面，从而形成侧面熔接部。
在这种情况下，施加在管壳的外表面上的加热温度T1低于施加在管壳的内表面上的加热温度T2。考虑到施加在管壳的内表面上的加热温度T2高于现有技术中的，则存在层(特别是阻隔层和装饰层)劣化的风险以及管壳在侧面熔接区域处显著变形的风险。
为了避免任何的层劣化，已经开发出特定的结构来产生形成管壳的带。
因此，本发明涉及一种适于形成柔性管壳的扁平带，该扁平带包括装饰膜，该装饰膜被叠置在基层膜上，所述基层膜包括一系列聚合物层并且包括在带的下表面处的可封接内层，所述装饰膜包括在带的上表面处的可封接外层和装饰层。
该带的特征主要在于，基层膜包括用于对带进行加固并且保护装饰层免受加热的装置。
因此，加热温度T2被施加于其上的膜即基层膜被加强，从而避免形成管壳的带发生变形并且即使在进行侧面熔接之后仍使装饰层保持在极好的状态下。
所述加固和保护装置包括至少两个由乙烯乙烯醇(EVOH)制成的加固层。
EVOH的机械性能与其它层的机械性能不同，因为它更加刚性。即使处于为产生侧面熔接部而被加热之后的软化状态，EVOH仍保持其结构并且不与相邻的层混合。因此，其在带内充当框架或加强部，并且能够在交叠区域的整个厚度中保持稳定性。
此外，EVOH是对于氧气和香气具有阻隔作用的聚合物层，这使得能够限制被包装的制品的香气或香料损失。因此，EVOH在带内起着双重功能。
有利地，存在两个EVOH层保证了膜的稳定性。
这些层的分布也很重要。实际上，这些层相对于基层膜的正中面被对称地布置并且远离彼此，使得被置于基层膜的上半部分和下半部分中而不是以相邻的方式被置于中心。这种布置使得加强部在基层膜的厚度中能够最佳地分布。
优选地，加固阻隔层各自位于与基层膜的上表面和下表面相距相对小的距离处，该距离通常为50μm-120μm。因此，一方面通过减小被包括在上表面与邻近的加固阻隔层中的一个之间的层的累积厚度，另一方面通过减小被包括在下表面与另一个邻近的加固阻隔层之间的层的累积厚度，至少初步地大大地降低了管中所包含的制品的水分(和香味)损失。即使最靠近管内部的加固阻隔层最终由于水分而劣化，该加固阻隔层仍减缓了水分和香味向另一个阻隔层扩散，该另一个阻隔层将更长时间地保持完全有效。
基层膜是由对称的层构成并通过吹制得到的膜。
基层膜具有关于其正中面完全对称的结构，即，具有对称的层，该对称的层具有大致相同的厚度并且由大致相同的材料制成。形成基层膜的所有层被连续地粘合到彼此。
本构想试图通过下述方式来在不同的层未被设定成一种或多种基础单聚物(monomer)材质的相同化学成分的情况下限制该不同的层的特性异质性：不仅是在几何结构上，而且在组分材料方面以相对于膜的正中面的尽可能完美的对称性为目标。因此，对称的层具有大致相同的厚度，即，对于小于20μm的厚度，厚度彼此的差异小于2μm，对于更大的厚度，厚度彼此的差异小于10％。
对称的层大致由相同的材料，即聚合物制成，该聚合物不仅由具有相同的化学成分的单聚物构成而且具有有着类似的长度的大分子，这导致摩尔质量(平均数)nM大致相等，即，摩尔质量彼此的差异小于10％、优选地小于5％。
相对于膜的正中面的对称性尤其使得能够利用在膜的一侧发生的层之间的差异性收缩或变形来抵消在膜的另一侧发生的层之间的差异性收缩或变形。
为了避免发生任何不平衡的残余应力的风险，使膜在为刚性层的EVOH层处具有对称性是重要的。
为了得到对称的层，通常的做法是使用吹制的膜。
为了得到这种膜，该方法包括通过使用环形共挤模头来共挤出圆筒形的多层鞘状物并对该多层鞘状物充气。鞘状物被充气以便形成具有薄壁的泡状物，该泡状物接下来被刺穿并且被压平，鞘状物的内层自身被并在一起(alongside)。
如此得到的双内层是通过使用下述材料制成的：该材料在对泡状物的压平压力的作用下以及在泡状物的典型挤压温度(即介于40℃至80℃之间)下能够粘合到自身。
该材料例如是热塑性材料，诸如线性聚乙烯、EVA(乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物)或接枝共聚物，该线性聚乙烯尤其是从以下当中选择的：聚乙烯己烯共聚物，更具体地是低密度线性聚乙烯己烯共聚物(LLDPE)、极低密度聚乙烯(PE-VLD，密度介于0.88g/cm3到0.93g/cm3之间)、利用单位点(monosite)金属茂催化剂得到的聚乙烯，该接枝共聚物诸如为EAA(乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物或乙烯-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物)，尤其是例如为Surlyn(由Dupont deNemours公司注册的商标)的EAA离聚物，或者是诸如EBA(乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物)或EMA(乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物或乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物)的共聚物(乙烯-丙烯酸酯)。
所述可封接内层和所述可封接外层由中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)制成。
具有由相同材料制成的两个可封接的层有利于两个层之间的熔接，因为当这两个可封接的层彼此接触并且由于加热而软化时，这两个可封接的层趋于均匀地混合。实际上，在将带成形为套管的期间，可封接外层与可封接内层在交叠区域中发生接触。因此，这两个层必须能够被容易地封接至彼此。
此外，当生产侧面熔接部时，这些可封接内层和可封接外层还直接与内加热装置和外加热装置接触。因此，对构成这些层的材料的选择甚至更加重要，因为该材料必须适于加热温度。
有利地，所选择的材料因此必须具有相对高的但低于施加在管壳的外表面上的加热温度T1的熔点，以便使所选择的材料在侧面熔接期间不会劣化并且保持美观和清洁的外观。实际上，重要的是要避免可封接外层熔化和附近的油墨裂解。具体来讲，MDPE具有相对高的介于122℃到125℃之间的熔化温度，这使得能够将可能高达120℃的加热温度T1施加在管壳的外表面上，而没有使可封接外层劣化的风险。
对于利用具有2.16kg的标准质量的加载活塞在190℃下进行的试验，MDPE的流动性指数介于0.9g/10分钟到3.5g/10分钟之间。
最后，MDPE的密度介于0.930到0.935之间。
将MDPE用于可封接内层在生产管的最后步骤期间也是有利的，在该最后步骤中，一旦该管中被填充了待包装的制品，则管的敞开的端部被压平，这意味着圆形的可封接内层变成扁平的并形成了双MDPE层，该双MDPE层接下来可被容易地熔接以封闭经填充的管。
装饰层包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)并且可设置有有金属光泽的涂层、或全息图的涂层或其它的涂层。在本说明书的其余部分中将使用金属的示例。
由于PET赋予了装饰膜以稳定性，所以是特别有利的。实际上，与PE或PP不同，PET明显更加刚性并且具有高密度，这使得像基层膜中的EVOH层一样能够使装饰膜硬化。然而，PET和金属是热敏性的并且在被加热时是易损坏的。这是限制它们的加热温度T1的一个额外的原因，因为考虑到目的是能够从带的外部观察到装饰，故该有金属光泽的PET装饰层位于带的上表面附近。在当形成管壳时带的被覆盖的部分处，两个EVOH层位于有金属光泽的PET层下方，这样使得能够保护该PET层免受加热温度T2。
装饰膜在有金属光泽的PET层的顶部包括附加的装饰装置，诸如延伸遍及可封接外层的外表面的一部分的附加的印刷层。实际上，有金属光泽的PET层可形成一致的装饰背景，而印刷层使得能够附加基于图案和文字的、可被叠置和添加到一致的背景上的装饰。
更具体地，带包括由两个侧面边界部界定的中心区域，所述附加的印刷层延伸遍及中心区域以及两个侧面边界部中的一个。因此，印刷层不延伸遍及带的整个表面区域。如之前所说明的，印刷层是不可封接的，因此不得覆盖在产生管壳的侧面熔接部时将被覆盖的带部分。
装饰膜包括附加的保护印刷层的层，该保护印刷层的层延伸遍及印刷层的整个外表面。与印刷层一样，清漆类型的保护层是不可封接的，因此不得覆盖在产生管壳的侧面熔接部时将被覆盖的带部分。
如之前所述的，本发明还涉及一种管壳，该管壳是通过卷绕如上文所述的扁平的带而形成的并且包括具有交叠部的侧面熔接部，所述侧边缘中的第一侧边缘与所述侧边缘中的第二侧边缘交叠。
通过这种方式：
-印刷层延伸遍及中心区域和第一侧面边界部；
-在第一侧面边界部处的可封接内层被直接封接到在第二侧面边界部处的可封接外层，即，不通过置入例如胶带、箍圈或舌片的附加的元件。该附加的元件指的是被置于交叠区域处处于可封接内层和可封接外层之间的窄带。
本发明还涉及一种柔性管，该柔性管用于存储和分配液态的至膏状的制品并且包括如上文所述的管壳。
本发明还涉及一种用于生产用于柔性管的管壳的方法，所述管壳由扁平的带制成，该扁平的带包括装饰膜，该装饰膜被叠置在基层膜上，所述基层膜包括在带的下表面处的可封接内层以及两个加固层，所述装饰膜包括在带的上表面处的可封接外层和装饰层。
该方法包括下述步骤：
-将扁平的带缠绕成套管的形式，以形成管壳；
-将带的第一侧面边界部叠置在带的第二侧面边界部上以形成交叠区域，第一侧面边界部的基层膜的可封接内层与第二侧面边界部的装饰膜的可封接外层相交叠；
-在交叠区域的内部面处将加热温度T2施加到管壳的内部，以产生管壳的侧面熔接部；
-与施加加热温度T2同时地，在交叠区域的外部面和内部面之间施压，从而完成管壳的侧面熔接部。
有利地，加热温度T2高于基层膜的可封接内层的熔化温度和装饰膜的可封接外层的熔化温度，并且低于装饰膜的装饰层的熔化温度和基层膜的两个加固层的熔化温度。
因此，选择之前概述的结构，该结构具有：
-基层膜的可封接内层和装饰膜的可封接外层，该可封接内层和可封接外层由MDPE制成，MDPE的熔化温度为大约122℃至125℃；
-装饰膜的装饰层，该装饰层由PET制成，PET的熔化温度为大约250℃；
-基层膜的两个加固层，这两个加固层由EVOH制成，EVOH的熔化温度为大约183℃；
-基层膜的中间层(不包括EVOH层)，该中间层的熔化温度介于87℃至123℃之间。
因此，温度T2必须至少达到125℃以便熔化可封接的层和中间层，该可封接的层和中间层将混合并形成侧面熔接部的芯部。然而，温度T2一定不能达到183℃，以不熔化加固层和装饰层，这使得管壳能够在交叠区域中保持稳定性和一定的刚度。综上所述，温度T2优选地介于125℃到180℃之间。
其它可选的和非限制性的特征被陈述如下：
-与加热温度T2同时地，加热温度T1被施加在交叠区域的外部面上：使管壳的外部面稍微软化使得能够得到更柔和并且不明显的熔接线，并且因此该熔接线对于裸眼更加难以看见。
-加热温度T1低于加热温度T2，换言之，当在交叠区域的外部面和内部面之间施压时，施加到外表面的加热温度T1低于施加到内表面的加热温度T2。目标是使大约80％的热量来自T2，而只有20％来自T1，因为使得能够产生侧面熔接部的主要热量必须来自管壳的内部而不是外部，以使局部的熔接接缝在管壳的内部，因而从外部不可见。
-加热温度T1低于制成基层膜的可封接外层的材料的熔化温度：实际上，单个外层一定不能熔化，以便从管的外部来看保持一致并且保留美观的外观。
-基层膜的可封接外层由聚乙烯制成，聚乙烯的熔化温度在120℃以上，加热温度T1低于120℃：该温度限制使得能够在装饰膜的可封接外层上添加印刷(用于装饰)，而在加热期间不会出现油墨流溢和裂解。
-加热温度T1优选地低于100℃：这使得能够使用更广泛的油墨。
-代替施加加热温度T1的，可行的是在使侧面边界部交叠之前对交叠区域执行预加热步骤。
-预加热包括在交叠第一侧面边界部和第二侧面边界部之前将热空气吹入将该第一侧面边界部与第二侧面边界部分开的空隙空间。
-还可行的是不施加加热温度T1或不进行预加热，而是仅利用T2从管壳的内部来加热交叠区域；
-在所述施压步骤之后进行冷却交叠区域的步骤。
-所述冷却步骤包括冷却交叠区域的内部面。
-交叠区域具有的宽度优选地介于1.5mm到2.5mm之间。
为了实行用于生产管壳，特别是用于产生侧面熔接部的方法，确定了一种特定的制造设备。实际上，由于内加热温度T2此后构成用于产生侧面熔接部的主要热量，因此按照通常的做法有必要接下来冷却交叠区域的内部面而不是交叠区域的外部面。因此，对传统设备进行适应性修改是有必要的。
传统上，由于T1高于T2，故利用可移动的冷却带主要在管壳的交叠区域的外部面上进行冷却，该冷却带还对交叠区域施压并且在设备内推动管壳。该可移动的带可仅提供外部冷却部，或者还可在该外部冷却部上游提供外部加热部。该可移动的带自身闭合、由皮带轮驱动并且与心轴平行地延展，被制成管壳的柔性带被围绕该心轴缠绕。使用带进行加热和冷却的主要缺点是，由于带的移动性、厚度和组成材料而难以控制带的温度。此外，这是一种要利用皮带轮实现的复杂的***。
如文献FR 1,571,778中所公开的，还存在如下设备：在该设备中，冷却***被布置在心轴内、处于管壳的内侧。然而，这是被用于冷却心轴自身和间接冷却交叠区域的***。因此，这种冷却***表现不佳。
根据本发明的制造设备包括框架、圆柱形的细长的心轴、用于推进和引导柔性带以使该带围绕心轴成形为套管的形式的装置、内加热装置以及内冷却装置，该带的侧面边界部中的一个与另一侧面边界部交叠以形成待熔接的交叠区域，该内加热装置位于心轴中以加热交叠区域的内部面，该内冷却装置位于心轴中以冷却交叠区域的内部面，并且该内冷却装置位于内加热装置的下游。
该设备的特征主要在于，所述冷却装置被布置在交叠区域的对面并被构造成与交叠区域直接接触。
因此，冷却装置直接作用在管壳的交叠区域上而不用于冷却心轴。该心轴仅被用作冷却装置的支撑件。
其它可选的和非限制性的特征被陈述如下：
-所述冷却装置被固定在设备中。
-冷却装置包括小冷却带，该小冷却带被***在形成在心轴中的对应的狭槽中。
-所述小冷却带包括通道，冷却剂在该通道内部流通。
-该小冷却带包括封闭通道的平面壁，该平面壁在上部部分中并且与交叠区域的内部面直接接触。
-所述通道限定了一锯齿形的内部路径。
-所述通道包括使冷却剂的引导散热片交错排列的布置，该布置限定出所述锯齿形的内部路径。
-所述散热片从平面壁朝向心轴的中心轴线正交地延伸。
-所述散热片形成两个交错的列，这两个交错的列沿着与心轴的中心轴线平行的纵向方向定向。
-所述散热片对应于矩形舌片。
-所述狭槽限定了平行六面体的中空空间。
-该小冷却带具有大体为平行六面体的外部形状，该外部形状与所述狭槽的壁的形状紧密结合。
附图说明
在参照附图对本发明的仅作为说明性和非限制性示例提供的至少一个实施例进行以下解释性详细说明期间，本发明将被更好地理解，并且本发明的其它目的、细节、特征和优点将更清楚地显现。
在这些附图中：
-图1是根据本发明的带的俯视图；
-图2是图1的带的横截面视图；
-图3是由图1的带形成的管壳的横截面视图；
-图4列出了图3的管壳的交叠区域处的不同的层；
-图5示出了在产生侧面熔接部之前，图3的管壳的根据第一实施例的交叠区域；
-图6示出了在产生侧面熔接部之前，图3的管壳的根据第二实施例的交叠区域；
-图7示出了在产生侧面熔接部之后，图3的管壳的用于第一实施例和第二实施例的交叠区域；
-图8是为了产生图3的管壳的侧面熔接部所需的工具的一部分的透视图；
-图9是属于图8的工具的冷却设备的分解图；
-图10示出了图9的冷却设备的小冷却带的细节；
-图11是属于图8的工具的加热设备的详细视图。
具体实施方式
术语“外”和“外部”用于表示层被定向成朝向如此形成的管壳的外部。同样地，术语“内”和“内部”用于表示层被定向成朝向如此形成的管壳的内部。
参考图1和图2，示出了一段根据本发明的扁平带1，该带接下来将被卷绕以形成管壳。
该带1包括中心区域4，该中心区域由第一侧面边界部2和第二侧面边界部2′界定。
已知通过使用多层膜来得到这种带1，该多层膜是通过挤压或辊压-胶合得到的。
根据本发明的扁平带1包括一系列的层。
具体地说，该扁平带由基层膜16和处于基层膜顶部的装饰膜5构成。
在每个实施例中，装饰膜15包括位于带1的上表面19处的可封接外层7和位于可封接外层7下方的由PET基底9构成的装饰层8、9。
装饰层8、9被施加在装饰膜15的整个表面上并且位于可封接外层7的下方。换言之，不存在属于装饰膜15的、未被装饰层8、9和可封接外层7所覆盖的区域。
该装饰层8、9根据所选择的装饰类型可以包含有金属光泽的或全息图的膜8或者类似物。该膜构成了随后将形成的管的装饰背景。
优选地，该膜8被施加在PET基底9的顶部，使得该膜被定向成朝向带1的上表面19。在另一种可能的构造中，该膜8可被施加在PET基底9的底部。PET基底包括高密度层，该高密度层在形成管壳期间起加强的作用。该层9在图2中绘有交叉阴影线。
装饰膜15的装饰层8、9具有的厚度介于5μm到50μm之间，优选地介于10μm到30μm之间。
在所有情况下，可封接外层7位于装饰层8、9的上方，从而保护该装饰层不受与如此形成的管壳的未来处理有关的撞击/刮擦。可封接外层7优选地是透明的，使得可从将形成的管的外部清楚地看到装饰。
该可封接外层7由PE制成，并且也可以具有多个层。优选地，可封接外层7由三层PE制成。优选地，为这三个层选择的材料将是MDPE，这是由于该材料的技术特性。
通常，装饰膜15的可封接外层7具有的厚度介于5μm到90μm之间，优选地介于5μm到80μm之间。
可选地，除了装饰层8、9之外，可将装饰膜15直接印刷在可封接外层7上，以便附加装饰。因此，附加的印刷层6以及保护层5(清漆类型)可延伸遍及装饰膜8、9的外表面的一部分。更具体地说，印刷层6和保护层5这两个层延伸遍及带1的中心区域4和第一侧面边界部2。换言之，印刷层6和保护层5这两个层延伸遍及带1的除第二侧面边界部2′之外的整个表面区域(参见图1中的交叉阴影区域)。在形成管壳期间，侧面边界部2′将被第一侧面边界部2覆盖。由于油墨和清漆不可封接，因此强制不将油墨和清漆置于将被交叠以产生侧面熔接部的第二边界部2′上。
基层膜16是多层膜，该多层膜包括位于带1的下表面20处的可封接内层14以及两个加固层11、13，这两个加固层相对于基层膜的正中面X被对称地分布在基层膜16中并且在图2中画有交叉阴影线，以表示这两个加固层的加固作用。
基层膜16可以包括多达22个层。
由阻隔层构成的至少一个层使得能够进行密封来抵御湿气并因此对于将被注入由经卷绕的带1形成的管的内部的制品而言能够保留香气。
其它层可以从聚乙烯类或乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)中选择，聚乙烯类例如为低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)或这些聚乙烯的混合物。在这些不同的层之间，可施加粘合层和/或胶粘剂涂层，以便改善层之间的粘附性。
基层膜16具有介于100μm到500μm之间、优选地介于200μm到350μm之间的厚度。
基层膜16可以是吹制的膜，以使其各层之间具有对称性。
在这种情况下，双中心层12将优选地由EVA制成，该双中心层在对经吹制的鞘状物进行压平的期间具有良好的自身相粘贴的能力。两个加固层11、13对称地分布在由双EVA层12制成的膜16的正中面X的两侧。这些加固层11、13由EVOH制成。EVOH也被证明是能够用作密封阻隔物的材料。因此，两个EVOH层11、13在基层膜16内执行加固和密封的双重功能。最后，可封接内层14还具有其对称地位于基层膜16中的衬层，该衬层对应于基层膜16的可封接外层10，因此该衬层与装饰膜15的下层接触。基层膜16的两个可封接层10、14由MDPE制成，以便对应于装饰膜15的可封接外层7。
以下是形成根据本发明的带1的结构的详细示例。
示例1：
Figure BDA0001464184610000141
Figure BDA0001464184610000151
示例2：
Figure BDA0001464184610000152
Figure BDA0001464184610000161
在通过卷绕带1形成管壳的期间，如图3所示，第一侧面边界部2与第二侧面边界部2′交叠。
图4示出了交叠区域3中的一系列层。
为了更加清楚，位于第二侧面边界部2′处的层具有对应于位于第一侧面边界部2处的层的编号，因为它们是相同的层，但用添加的“上撇号”来编号以区分它们。
按从管壳的外部朝向管壳的内部的顺序，各层如下：
-5：第一侧面边界部的保护层
-6：第一侧面边界部的印刷层
-7：第一侧面边界部的装饰膜的可封接外层
-8：第一侧面边界部的装饰膜的有金属光泽的涂层
-9：承载第一侧面边界部的装饰膜的有金属光泽的涂层的PET层
-10：第一侧面边界部的基层膜的可封接外层
-11：第一侧面边界部的基层膜的加固EVOH层
-12：第一侧面边界部的基层膜的中心层
-13：第一侧面边界部的基层膜的加固EVOH层
-14：第一侧面边界部的基层膜的可封接内层
-7′：第二侧面边界部的装饰膜的可封接外层
-8′：第二侧面边界部的装饰膜的有金属光泽的涂层
-9′：承载第二侧面边界部的装饰膜的有金属光泽的涂层的PET层
-10′：第二侧面边界部的基层膜的可封接外层
-11′：第二侧面边界部的基层膜的加固EVOH层
-12′：第二侧面边界部的基层膜的中心层
-13′：第二侧面边界部的基层膜的加固EVOH层
-14′：第二侧面边界部的基层膜的可封接内层
为了更清楚，未示出粘合剂中间层。
应注意的是，第一侧面边界部2的基层膜16的可封接内层14实际上直接位于第二侧面边界部2′的装饰膜15′的可封接外层7′上。这两个可封接的MDPE层14、7′在侧面熔接期间将被熔化和熔合，从而使得两个侧面边界部2、2′能够被熔接至彼此。换言之，不需要被置于处在可封接内层和可封接外层之间的交叠区域处的附加元件来产生管壳的侧面熔接部。
图5精细地示出了在产生侧面熔接部并且根据第一实施例形成管壳之前已完成的交叠。在这种情况下，将介于125℃到180℃之间的加热温度T2施加在管壳的内表面22上，更具体地是施加在第二MDPE侧面边界部2′的基层膜16′的可封接内层14′上。
同时，将远低于加热温度T2并且在120℃以下的加热温度T1施加在管壳的外表面21上，更具体地是施加在第一MDPE侧面边界部2的装饰膜15的可封接外层7上。
在加热的同时，交叠区域3在其外部面21和内部面22处均被施压，以有助于熔化的层彼此混合和粘附，从而产生管壳的侧面熔接部。
具体地说，下述层由于加热温度T2将熔化：
-14：第一侧面边界部的基层膜的可封接内层
-7′：第二侧面边界部的装饰膜的可封接外层
-10′：第二侧面边界部的基层膜的可封接外层
-12′：在第二侧面边界部的基层膜的中心层
-14′：第二侧面边界部的基层膜的可封接内层
中间粘合层也将熔化。
加固层11、11′、13、13′和有金属光泽的PET装饰层8、9、8′、9′将不会熔化并且将不会与其它层混合，从而使得能够在熔接期间和熔接之后维持层的顺序并能够保持被加热的结构的稳定性。
第一侧面边界部2的基层膜16的两个EVOH加固层11、13也能够保护有金属光泽的PET装饰层8、9免受来自加热温度T2的热量，因为有金属光泽的PET层对热量敏感并且会变得易损坏。
这具体地在图7中可见，在图7中，示出了在产生侧面熔接部之后不同的层的变形。可清楚地看到的是，加固层11、11′、13、13′和有金属光泽的PET装饰层8、9、8′、9′不与其它层混合并且在施压作用下简单地变形。在加固层的上游、下游和在该加固层之间的层已被混合和熔合。熔接接缝实际上位于管壳的内部。
应注意的是，第二侧面边界部2′的有金属光泽的PET层8′、9′也被第二侧面边界部2′的两个EVOH加固层11′、13′保护以免受加热，特别是在管壳的表面区域上的两个侧面边界部2、2′之间的新的接合区域17中。
该接合区域17非常窄，两个边界部2、2′非常接近，因此管壳上的印刷层6的不连续性是最小的。如此形成的管壳是美观的并且具有牢固的熔接部。
在第二实施例中，代替将加热温度T1施加在管壳的外表面21上的，如图6所示，可行的是在第一侧面边界部2与第二侧面边界部2′被交叠之前，通过将热空气18吹入将该第一侧面边界部与第二侧面边界部分开的空隙空间来预加热交叠区域3。
目的是使用于在侧面熔接期间被熔化的层、特别是被定向成朝向管壳的外部的层预先软化，以便得到从管壳的外部来看具有一致外观的熔接部。
最终结果类似于第一实施例的结果并且对应于图7中所示的结果。
图8示出了适于实施如前所述的制造方法的工具。
该工具主要涉及沿着轴线Y纵向地延伸并且能够被紧固在框架(未示出)上的圆柱形心轴30。该心轴30由第一端部部段31、内加热部段32、内冷却部段33和第二端部部段34构成。
柔性带(未示出)被引导以便围绕心轴30卷绕，并且使得带的第一侧面边界部与带的第二侧面边界部交叠，从而形成位于心轴30的上部部分中的交叠区域。设备的使得能够卷绕带的部件将不被描述，因为该部件是已知的并且被广泛使用了许多年。
图11中更具体地示出了管壳的如此形成的交叠区域首先到达心轴30的内加热部段32。该部段32包括在心轴30的上部部分中形成的狭槽35，该狭槽中安置有隔热部件36，该隔热部件能够容纳加热部件37，该加热部件将与交叠区域的内部面接触以产生侧面熔接部。
狭槽35具有平行六面体的形状。隔热部件36是U形的，其成角度的外壁与心轴30的狭槽35的形状紧密结合。
加热部件37由圆柱形件构成，该圆柱形件的下部部分38和上部部分39分别包括平直部，该平直部使得该圆柱形件能够通过平面接触而被正确地定位在隔热部件36的底部，以及能够使上部平面表面39具有的宽度L1至少与交叠区域的宽度对应。被如此定位的该加热部件37可将交叠区域的内部面加热到加热温度T2，以便产生侧面熔接部。同时，可移动的金属带(未示出)压在交叠区域的外部面上，以便在交叠区域上施压并帮助各熔化的层混合，以及确保在交叠区域处不存在扭折(setback)，即，确保管壳的外表面在其整个周界上是线性的。这种施压也能够减小侧面熔接部的最终厚度。
可选地，可将位于心轴30对面的外部加热装置(未示出)设置在设备上，以将交叠区域的外部面加热到加热温度T1。该加热装置可与可移动的带相关联。
当产生侧面熔接部时，管壳尤其通过可移动的金属带被推动到达心轴30的中心部分，在该中心部分处布置有铸型部40(roulettes)，该铸型部具有在交叠区域处对管壳进行施压和成形的传统功能。
然后，管壳到达心轴30的冷却部段33，图9中更详细地示出了该冷却部段。该部段33也包括在心轴30的上表面处形成的狭槽41。该狭槽41形成中空的平行六面体空间。
在该狭槽41内，安置有也是平行六面体的小冷却带42。小带42和狭槽41的尺寸一致，以便确保彼此间的最佳定位。因此，小带42被固定在心轴30内。
该小带42包括平直的上壁43，该上壁被布置成以及能够与交叠区域的内部面直接发生接触。因此，该交叠区域将通过与小带42的平直的壁43的这种平面接触而被冷却。因此，冷却温度根据在平直的壁43的表面上测量的温度来被调节。该上壁43具有宽度L2，该宽度至少与交叠区域的宽度一样大，以便良好地冷却整个侧面接缝。
在该平直的壁43的下方是通道44，冷却剂在该通道内部流通。在本示例中，如图10所示，该通道44具有锯齿形的形状。实际上，多个散热片45垂直于小带42的平直的壁43朝向心轴30的中心轴线Y延伸。这些散热片45形成了两个纵向列46、47，这两个纵向列沿着与心轴30的轴线Y平行的轴线延展并且被以交错的方式布置以形成锯齿形。因此，如箭头所示的，冷却剂沿着锯齿形的路径44在散热片45之间流通。该路径44迫使流体穿过小带从而在小带42内花费更多的时间，以便利于热交换。
散热片45使得能够增大一方面在熔接之后仍是热的的交叠区域与另一方面的冷的冷却剂之间的热交换表面。通过以这种方式增大交换表面，还提高了冷却性能。因此，根据本发明的心轴30的冷却部段33的长度可被大大减小，同时相对于没有散热片45和/或具有直线冷却通道44的冷却设备得到了最佳的冷却结果。因此，根据本发明的心轴30具有紧凑的优点。
优选地，散热片45由矩形舌片构成。然而，它们可以具有其它有利的形状。
对于冷却通道44也是如此，其可以采取其它有利的形式。
在冷却步骤期间，优选地，交叠区域继续被可移动的带施压。

Claims (15)

1.一种适于形成柔性管壳的扁平的带(1)，所述扁平的带包括装饰膜(15)，所述装饰膜被叠置在基层膜(16)上，所述基层膜(16)包括一系列聚合物层并且包括在所述带(1)的下表面(20)处的可封接内层(14)，所述装饰膜(15)包括在所述带(1)的上表面(19)处的可封接外层(7)和装饰层(8、9)，
其特征在于，所述基层膜(16)包括用于加固所述带(1)并且保护所述装饰层(8、9)免受加热的装置，所述带(1)被构造成使得当形成所述柔性管壳时施加在所述柔性管壳的外表面上的加热温度低于施加在所述柔性管壳的内表面上的加热温度，以使所述可封接外层(7)与所述可封接内层(14)在交叠区域(3)中发生接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的扁平的带(1)，其特征在于，所述装置包括至少两个由乙烯乙烯醇(EVOH)制成的加固层(11、13)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的扁平的带(1)，其特征在于，所述两个加固层(11、13)相对于所述基层膜(16)的正中面(X)被对称地布置并且彼此分开。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的扁平的带(1)，其特征在于，所述基层膜(16)是一种由对称的层构成并且通过吹制得到的膜。
5.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的扁平的带(1)，其特征在于，所述可封接内层(14)和所述可封接外层(7)由中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)制成。
6.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的扁平的带(1)，其特征在于，所述装饰层(8、9)包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。
7.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的扁平的带(1)，其特征在于，所述装饰层(8、9)设置有有金属光泽的涂层(8)。
8.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的扁平的带(1)，其特征在于，所述装饰层(8、9)位于所述带(1)的上表面(19)附近。
9.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的扁平的带(1)，其特征在于，所述装饰膜(15)包括附加的印刷层(6)，所述附加的印刷层延伸遍及所述可封接外层(7)的外表面的一部分。
10.根据权利要求9所述的扁平的带(1)，其特征在于，所述扁平的带包括由两个侧面边界部(2、2')界定的中心区域(4)，所述附加的印刷层(6)延伸遍及所述中心区域(4)以及所述两个侧面边界部(2、2')中的一个。
11.根据权利要求10所述的扁平的带(1)，其特征在于，所述装饰膜(15)包括所述印刷层(6)的附加的保护层(5)，所述附加的保护层延伸遍及所述印刷层(6)的整个外表面。
12.一种柔性管壳，所述柔性管壳通过对根据权利要求1至11中的一项所述的扁平的带(1)进行卷绕而形成，并且所述柔性管壳包括具有交叠部的侧面熔接部，所述扁平的带包括由两个侧面边界部(2、2')界定的中心区域(4)，所述侧面边界部中的第一侧面边界部(2)与所述侧面边界部中的第二侧面边界部(2')交叠。
13.根据权利要求12所述的柔性管壳，其特征在于，所述装饰膜(15)包括附加的印刷层(6)，所述装饰膜(15)的印刷层(6)延伸遍及所述中心区域(4)以及所述第一侧面边界部(2)。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的柔性管壳，其特征在于，在所述第一侧面边界部(2)处的所述可封接内层(14)被封接到在所述第二侧面边界部(2')处的所述可封接外层(7)。
15.一种用于存储和分配液态的至膏状的制品的柔性管，其特征在于，所述柔性管设置有根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的管壳。
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