CN107579301B - Formation process of lithium iron phosphate power battery - Google Patents
Formation process of lithium iron phosphate power battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN107579301B CN107579301B CN201710774669.XA CN201710774669A CN107579301B CN 107579301 B CN107579301 B CN 107579301B CN 201710774669 A CN201710774669 A CN 201710774669A CN 107579301 B CN107579301 B CN 107579301B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a formation process of a lithium iron phosphate power battery, which comprises the following steps: assembling the battery on a needle bed forming cabinet, standing for 1-5min, and vacuumizing to-0.06 to-0.09 MPa; after the placement is finished, the battery is charged with constant current to a high voltage state, the vacuum is opened for-0.06 to-0.09 MPa, and the environmental temperature is controlled to be 35 to 40 ℃; standing the battery for 5-10min, and vacuumizing to-0.06 to-0.09 MPa, wherein the environmental temperature is controlled at 35-40 ℃; discharging the battery at constant current, and controlling the environmental temperature at 35-40 ℃ under vacuum of-0.06 to-0.09 MPa. Compared with 70h of the traditional process, the formation process of the invention takes 5h, greatly shortens the formation time, reduces the number of formation equipment by more than 6 times, saves the electric quantity of a single battery by more than 6 times, improves the production efficiency of the lithium iron phosphate power battery, and keeps good performance of the lithium battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a formation process of a lithium iron phosphate power battery.
Background
The petroleum resources are increasingly exhausted, and the pure electric vehicles are not the second choice to be vigorously developed before the next petroleum crisis comes. The lithium ion battery is a green high-energy environment-friendly battery appearing in 90 s of the 20 th century, has the outstanding advantages of high energy density, environmental friendliness, no memory effect, long cycle life, less self-discharge and the like, is an ideal power supply for small and light electronic devices such as cameras, mobile phones, notebook computers, portable measuring instruments and the like, and is also an ideal light high-energy power source for future electric vehicles and military use. Therefore, lithium ion batteries have become a hot spot of extensive research in the battery world in recent years.
Formation is an important process in the production process of lithium batteries, and is the initial formation of the batteries, which activates active substances of battery cores, namely an energy conversion process, and formation of the lithium batteries is a very complicated process and is also a process which is very important for influencing the performance of the batteries because of Li+On first charge, Li+The first insertion into graphite causes electrochemical reactions in the cell, and inevitably during the first charging of the cell, a thin passivation layer is formed on the surface of the carbon electrode at the interface between the carbon cathode and the electrolyte, which is called solid electrolysisThe quality of the SIE film directly affects the capacity, cycle life, voltage plateau, direct current internal resistance and other properties of the battery, and the SEI film mainly causes the lithium ions at the electrode/electrolyte phase interface to generate irreversible reaction with solvent molecules in the electrolyte and the like under a certain negative electrode potential; from the above summary, it can be seen that there are factors such as current, voltage, electrolyte system, negative electrode, lithium salt, etc., which affect the quality of the SEI film.
The traditional low-current pre-charging mode is beneficial to stable SEI film formation, the SEI film is not dense due to high-current charging, the capacity, the cycle life and the multiplying power of a battery are poor, and the production efficiency is influenced due to long process time. The formation (first charge) process of lithium ion batteries, particularly lithium iron phosphate batteries, has a great influence on the later performance of the batteries because the process involves the formation of solid and liquid phase interface layers on the surfaces of the electrodes of the batteries. At present, the first charging of the lithium iron phosphate battery is multi-step constant current and constant voltage charging on charging and discharging equipment, the cycle performance of the battery is not ideal, the formation process time is long, and thus the problems of large equipment investment, long production period, low equipment use efficiency, large power consumption and the like are caused, and the production efficiency of the lithium battery is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a formation process of a lithium iron phosphate power battery.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a formation process of a lithium iron phosphate power battery specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) laying aside: assembling the lithium iron phosphate power battery on a needle bed formation cabinet, standing for 1-5min, opening the vacuum to be-0.06-0.09 MPa, controlling the environmental temperature to be 35-40 ℃, and pumping and adjusting the gas in the battery under negative pressure to enable the battery core to be tighter;
(2) constant current charging: after the laying aside is finished, the battery is charged with constant current to a high voltage state, the vacuum is opened between minus 0.06 and minus 0.09MPa, and the environmental temperature is controlled between 35 and 40 ℃; the step ensures that the SEI film fully reacts, all gases react out, the polarization phenomenon is reduced, and then the gases are pumped away through vacuum, and the ionic conductivity and the fluidity of active substances are improved through high temperature.
(3) Secondary shelving: after the constant-current charging is finished, the battery is placed for 5-10min, the vacuum is opened to be-0.06 to-0.09 MPa, and the environmental temperature is controlled to be 35-40 ℃;
(4) constant current discharging: after the secondary placement is finished, discharging the battery at constant current, opening the vacuum to be-0.06 to-0.09 MPa, and controlling the environmental temperature to be 35-40 ℃.
And (3) in the step (2), the constant-current charging of the battery to the high-voltage state is carried out by the constant-current charging of 0.3-0.4C to 3.5V.
The constant current discharge in the step (4) is discharged for 80-100min at 0.5-0.8 ℃.
The constant current discharge depth of the step (4) is 40-60%, so that the side reaction of the battery is reduced in the aging process, the positive electrode and the negative electrode fully absorb the electrolyte, and the capacity of the battery is ensured to meet the requirement.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the formation process comprises the steps of laying aside, constant-current charging, secondary laying aside and constant-current discharging, wherein the constant-current charging ensures that an SEI film fully reacts, all gases react out, the polarization phenomenon is reduced, and then the gases are pumped away in vacuum, so that the ionic conductivity and the mobility of active substances are improved through high temperature; constant current discharge enables the battery to age at 40% SOC, ensures that side reactions of the battery are reduced in the aging process, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode fully absorb electrolyte, and ensures that the capacity of the battery meets the requirement.
2. Compared with 70h of the traditional process, the formation process of the invention takes 5h, greatly shortens the formation time, reduces the number of formation equipment by more than 6 times, saves the electric quantity of a single battery by more than 6 times, improves the production efficiency of the lithium iron phosphate power battery, and keeps good performance of the lithium battery.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
A formation process of a lithium iron phosphate power battery comprises the following steps:
(1) laying aside: assembling the lithium iron phosphate power battery on a needle bed formation cabinet, standing for 1-5min, opening the vacuum to be-0.06-0.09 MPa, controlling the environmental temperature to be 35-40 ℃, and pumping and adjusting the gas in the battery under negative pressure to enable the battery core to be tighter;
(2) constant current charging: after the laying aside is finished, the battery is charged with constant current to a high voltage state, the vacuum is opened between minus 0.06 and minus 0.09MPa, and the environmental temperature is controlled between 35 and 40 ℃;
(3) secondary shelving: after the constant-current charging is finished, the battery is placed for 5-10min, the vacuum is opened to be-0.06 to-0.09 MPa, and the environmental temperature is controlled to be 35-40 ℃;
(4) constant current discharging: after secondary placement is finished, discharging the battery at constant current, opening the vacuum to be-0.06-0.09 MPa, controlling the environmental temperature to be 35-40 ℃, aging the battery at 40-60% SOC, ensuring that side reactions are reduced in the aging process of the battery, and ensuring that the positive electrode and the negative electrode fully absorb electrolyte and the capacity of the battery meets requirements.
The present invention is based on the following studies and improvements:
1. the influence of different galvanic formations on the battery performance;
2. the influence of different formation steps on the battery performance;
3. the influence of the formation process under different vacuum degrees on the battery performance; (during the formation process, a lot of gas is generated, the aggregation of the gas can cause the generation of polarization phenomenon, the total gas generation amount is maximum at the voltage of 3.5V during the formation process, and when the formation voltage is more than 3.5V, the generated gas is rapidly reduced, and when the formation voltage is less than 2.5V, the generated gas is mainly H2And CO2Etc.; along with the increase of formation voltage, in the range of 3.0V-3.8V, the composition of gas is mainly C2H4After exceeding 3.8V, C2H4The content is remarkably reduced, and the gas component generated at the time is mainly C2H6And CH4Resulting in a non-dense SEI film)
4. The influence of formation on the battery performance at different temperatures; temperature affects the viscosity and conductivity of the electrolyte, too high a temperature may cause decomposition of the lithium salt and the solvent, and too low a temperature may cause a large viscosity and a decrease in conductivity.
Example 1: taking a 76Ah aluminum shell lithium iron phosphate battery as an example, designing the capacity of 76Ah, the actual capacity of 76-78Ah, and the influence of different current and charging upper limit voltage formation on the battery performance; under the same test conditions, the data tested are compared in table 1:
TABLE 1
From table 1, it can be seen that the upper limit charging voltage of 3.5V only affects the capacity without affecting other performances in the 0.3C-0.4C charging, the performance of the 0.5C rechargeable battery is greatly affected, the current is too large, the SEI film formation is fatally damaged, and the aging of the battery at SOC 100% results in more side reactions and more lithium salt loss.
Example 2: taking a 76Ah aluminum-shell lithium iron phosphate battery as an example, the detected data are compared in Table 2 under the same test conditions:
the influence of different formation steps on the battery performance;
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the electrical properties are significantly better when charged at 3.5V and discharged at 40% -60% storage than when charged alone, but the discharge current is too large and has a large effect on the cell performance, with the best performance for 0.5-0.8C discharge cells.
Example 3: taking a 76Ah aluminum-shell lithium iron phosphate battery as an example, the detected data are compared in the following table 3 under the same test conditions with different vacuum degrees:
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the level of vacuum affects the capacity and cycle life of the battery, and the vacuum of-0.06 to-0.09 MPa is the optimum value.
Example 4: taking a 76Ah aluminum-shell lithium iron phosphate battery as an example, the data comparison of the detection is shown in Table 4 at different temperatures and under the same test conditions:
TABLE 4
As can be seen from Table 4, the temperature has a great influence on the formation of the battery, and the formation at 35-40 ℃ is the best in electrical property.
Comparative example 5: the lithium iron phosphate batteries were tested under the following conditions, and the results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate one of ordinary skill in the art in understanding and using the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the embodiments and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art should make modifications and alterations without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A formation process of a lithium iron phosphate power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) laying aside: assembling the lithium iron phosphate power battery on a needle bed formation cabinet, standing for 1-5min, opening the vacuum to be-0.06-0.09 MPa, controlling the environmental temperature to be 35-40 ℃, and pumping and adjusting the gas in the battery under negative pressure to enable the battery core to be tighter;
(2) constant current charging: after the laying aside is finished, the battery is charged with constant current to a high voltage state, the vacuum is opened between minus 0.06 and minus 0.09MPa, and the environmental temperature is controlled between 35 and 40 ℃;
(3) secondary shelving: after the constant-current charging is finished, the battery is placed for 5-10min, the vacuum is opened to be-0.06 to-0.09 MPa, and the environmental temperature is controlled to be 35-40 ℃;
(4) constant current discharging: after the secondary placement is finished, discharging the battery at constant current, opening the vacuum to be-0.06 to-0.09 MPa, and controlling the environmental temperature to be 35-40 ℃;
and (3) in the step (2), the constant-current charging of the battery to the high-voltage state is carried out by the constant-current charging of 0.3-0.4C to 3.5V.
2. The formation process of the lithium iron phosphate power battery according to claim 1, wherein the constant current discharge in the step (4) is performed at 0.5-0.8 ℃ for 80-100 min.
3. The formation process of the lithium iron phosphate power battery according to claim 1, wherein the constant-current discharge depth in the step (4) is 40-60%.
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| CN109921119A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-06-21 | 安徽泰能新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of cylindrical lithium ion battery method for pre-charging, production method and its obtained product |
| CN112599874B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-14 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Electrochemical pretreatment method for improving performance of quasi-solid lithium ion battery |
| CN112751098A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-04 | 唐山航天万源科技有限公司 | Formation method of lithium iron phosphate battery |
| CN116995318B (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-01 | 成都特隆美储能技术有限公司 | 3.2V formation process of lithium iron phosphate battery |
Citations (5)
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| JPH09289036A (en) * | 1996-04-22 | 1997-11-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Manufacture of alkaline storage battery |
| CN103515653A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-15 | 深圳市海盈科技有限公司 | Formation method of soft-packed lithium ion battery |
| CN104037456A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-09-10 | 张晶晶 | Rapid forming process of iron phosphate lithium battery |
| CN105762430A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-07-13 | 广东五洲龙电源科技有限公司 | Lithium iron phosphate power battery formation method |
| CN106207266A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-12-07 | 厦门日臻动力电源科技有限公司 | A kind of method accelerating flexible packing lithium ion battery chemical conversion activation |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09289036A (en) * | 1996-04-22 | 1997-11-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Manufacture of alkaline storage battery |
| CN103515653A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-15 | 深圳市海盈科技有限公司 | Formation method of soft-packed lithium ion battery |
| CN104037456A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-09-10 | 张晶晶 | Rapid forming process of iron phosphate lithium battery |
| CN105762430A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-07-13 | 广东五洲龙电源科技有限公司 | Lithium iron phosphate power battery formation method |
| CN106207266A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-12-07 | 厦门日臻动力电源科技有限公司 | A kind of method accelerating flexible packing lithium ion battery chemical conversion activation |
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