CN107576395B - Multispectral lens, multispectral measuring device and calibration method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multispectral lens, a multispectral measuring device and a calibration method thereof, wherein the multispectral lens comprises an optical filter array, a micro lens array and a view field diaphragm sequentially arranged along the light path direction of the multispectral lens, the optical filter array, the micro lens array and the view field diaphragm are fixedly arranged in a structural component, the micro lens array comprises a plurality of lens units, the optical filter array comprises a plurality of optical filter array units which are correspondingly arranged with the plurality of lens units of the micro lens array, the view field diaphragm comprises a plurality of view field diaphragm light holes which are correspondingly arranged with the plurality of lens units of the micro lens array, the optical axes of the correspondingly arranged lens units, the optical filter array units and the view field diaphragm light holes are consistent, and imaging areas of the lens units of the micro lens array are separated. The device can obtain multispectral radiation quantity information of a measurement target, and solves the problems of complex device, high price and the like in the traditional spectrum measurement system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multispectral measurement technology, in particular to a multispectral lens, a multispectral measurement device and a calibration method thereof.
Background
The spectrum technology can obtain the physical attribute information revealing the essence of the target, and has wide application in the field of optical remote sensing. However, the traditional spectrum measuring system is characterized in that a color splitting component such as an interferometer, a grating, an optical filter and the like is added in a light path, the light path is complex, the device is high in price, and popularization and application are not facilitated.
For example, chinese patent document CN106404684a discloses a spectrum measuring device including a multi-bandwidth filter, a microlens array, and the like, wherein a lens module is provided in front of the multi-bandwidth filter and the filter array, and a plurality of microlens arrays are provided on the filter array. The micro lens array is used for focusing the multi-band light beam B2 on the optical filter or the sensing array unit. In the scheme, the spectrum measuring device can be used for detecting the two-dimensional spectrum of the target sample by matching the filtering array and the micro lens array, and the resolution of the spectrum image of the sample can be improved.
However, the devices in the above patent documents are expensive, have complicated optical paths and complicated structures, and are not favorable for wide application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of complex devices, high price and the like in the traditional spectrum measuring system in the background art, the embodiment of the invention provides a multispectral lens, which sequentially comprises an optical filter array, a micro lens array and a view field diaphragm along the light path direction of the multispectral lens, wherein the optical filter array, the micro lens array and the view field diaphragm are fixedly arranged in a structural component, the micro lens array comprises a plurality of lens units, the optical filter array comprises a plurality of optical filter array units which are correspondingly arranged with the plurality of lens units of the micro lens array, the view field diaphragm comprises a plurality of view field diaphragm light holes which are correspondingly arranged with the plurality of lens units of the micro lens array, the optical axes of the correspondingly arranged lens units, the optical filter array units and the view field diaphragm light holes are consistent, and imaging areas of the lens units of the micro lens array are separated.
Further, the multispectral lens further comprises an aperture diaphragm, the aperture diaphragm is arranged between the optical filter array and the micro lens array, the aperture diaphragm comprises a plurality of aperture diaphragm light passing holes which are correspondingly arranged with a plurality of lens units of the micro lens array, and optical axes of the lens units, the aperture diaphragm light passing holes, the optical filter array unit and the view field diaphragm light passing holes which are correspondingly arranged are consistent.
Further, the size of each aperture through-opening matches the energy of its corresponding spectral band.
Further, the aperture size of the aperture stop through-hole of the aperture stop is smaller than or equal to the size of the lens unit of the corresponding microlens array.
Further, the lens units of the microlens array are monolithic aspherical lenses, monolithic self-focusing lenses or multi-piece spherical lens groups, and the focal planes of the lens units of the microlens array are on one plane.
Further, the size of the through hole of the field diaphragm is matched with the size of the field of the corresponding spectrum band.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a multispectral measuring device, which comprises a measuring device body and the multispectral lens, wherein the multispectral lens is fixed on the measuring device body through a structural component, the measuring device body is provided with an imaging detector which is arranged corresponding to the multispectral lens, and the imaging detector is positioned on the focal plane of the multispectral measuring lens.
Further, the size of the lens array constituted by the plurality of lens units is not larger than the target surface size of the imaging detector in the measurement body of the multispectral measurement device.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a calibration method of the multispectral measurement device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining an image plane area corresponding to each lens unit on an imaging detector to obtain N pixel points corresponding to each lens unit;
step 2: the multispectral measuring device acquires images under a full dark background to obtain gray values A of pixel points n of the images formed by each lens unit on the imaging detector n (x, y), where n=1, … … N, (x, y) is pixel point coordinates;
step 3: the multispectral measuring device acquires uniform bright field images to obtain gray values T of pixel points n of images formed by each lens unit on the imaging detector n (x,y)；
Step 4: determining an image correction coefficient of each lens unit with respect to each imaged pixel point:
step 5: obtaining an image correction formula of each lens unit with respect to each imaged pixel point n:
F n (x,y)＝[F n0 (x,y)-A n (x,y)]*H n (x,y)，
wherein F is n0 (x, y) is the actual gray value of the image formed by the multispectral measuring device on the imaging detector, F n (x, y) represents the corrected gradation value.
Further, the uniform bright field is a uniform light field integrating sphere, a uniform white board or a uniform gray board.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. by adopting the multispectral lens of the device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the spectrum radiation value of the target can be obtained, and the image of the target can be obtained;
2. the filter array is easy to replace, so that channel change is realized;
3. the device has the advantages of simple spectrum measurement method and low cost;
4. compatible with the existing interface of the existing camera device, and easy popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional block diagram of a multispectral measurement device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional block diagram of a multispectral lens of the multispectral measurement device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3a shows a plan view of a filter array of the multi-spectral lens of FIG. 2;
FIG. 3b shows a plan view of the aperture stop of the multispectral lens of FIG. 2;
FIG. 3c shows a plan view of a microlens array of the multispectral lens of FIG. 2;
fig. 3d shows a plan view of the field stop of the multispectral lens of fig. 2.
Symbol description:
1 optical filter array 2 aperture diaphragm 3 micro lens array 4 view field diaphragm 5 structural component 6 imaging detector
11 is a lens unit of an aperture stop light-passing hole 33 micro lens array of an aperture stop of the filter array unit 22
View field diaphragm light-passing hole of 44 view field diaphragm
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited to the drawings and the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multispectral measurement device according to the embodiment of the invention includes a multispectral lens and a measurement device body. The multispectral lens sequentially comprises an optical filter array 1, an aperture diaphragm 2, a micro lens array 3 and a view field diaphragm 4 along the light path direction, wherein the optical filter array 1, the aperture diaphragm 2, the micro lens array 3 and the view field diaphragm 4 are fixedly arranged in a structural component 5, and are fixed on a measuring device body through the structural component 5. The measuring device body is provided with an imaging detector 6 which is arranged corresponding to the multispectral lens, and the imaging detector 6 is positioned on the focal plane of the multispectral measuring lens.
Hereinafter, a multispectral lens of a multispectral measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 2 and fig. 3a to 3 d.
As shown in fig. 3c, the microlens array 3 includes a plurality of lens units 33. Preferably, the focal plane of the microlens array 3 is one plane, i.e., the focal plane of each lens unit 33 is uniform; the plurality of lens units 33 are arranged in a square microlens array in a manner of 3*3. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the plurality of lens units 33 may be arranged in a rectangular microlens array in the manner of 4*4, 4*6, or may be arranged in other manners in a microlens array in the shape of a diamond, a circle, or the like. The lens unit 33 may be a single-piece aspherical lens, a single-piece self-focusing lens, or a multi-piece spherical lens group. The size of the lens array 3 constituted by the plurality of lens units 33 is not larger than the target surface size of the imaging detector 6 in the measurement body of the multispectral measurement device.
As shown in fig. 3b, the aperture 2 includes a plurality of aperture light holes 22 disposed corresponding to the plurality of lens units 33 of the microlens array 3, and each aperture light hole 22 has a size matching the energy of its corresponding spectral band, so that the illumination intensity of each spectral band on the imaging detector 6 is uniform. For example, there are 9 filters in the filter array, two of which are 900nm and 600nm filters, respectively. The 900nm filter transmits 4 times the light energy transmitted by the 600nm filter when the same aperture size is obtained due to the influence of solar spectrum energy distribution, filter transmittance, bandwidth, and the like (non-actual data, examples). Meanwhile, the square of the size of the clear aperture radius is proportional to energy, and the clear aperture radius of 600nm can be set to be twice as large as 900nm, so that the illumination intensity of 900nm and 600nm finally reaching the image surface is the same. In addition, in order to make the light passing through each aperture stop light passing hole 22 be the same spectrum of light, it is preferable to provide the aperture stop light passing hole 22 of the aperture stop 2 with a size equal to or smaller than the size of the lens unit 33 of its corresponding microlens array 3.
As shown in fig. 3a, the filter array 1 includes a plurality of filter array units 11 disposed corresponding to the plurality of lens units 33 of the microlens array 3, and a unit size of each filter array unit 11 is greater than or equal to a light passing size of the aperture stop light passing hole 22 of the corresponding aperture stop 2, so that light passing through the aperture stop light passing hole 22 is filtered by the corresponding filter array unit 11. The choice of filter array element 11 depends on the choice of spectral channels.
As shown in fig. 3d, the field stop 4 includes a plurality of field stop light passing holes 44 disposed corresponding to the plurality of lens units 33 of the microlens array 3, and the size of the field stop light passing holes 44 is matched with the field size of the corresponding spectrum band, so that the imaging areas of the lens units 33 of the microlens array 3 on the focal plane are separated.
With reference to fig. 1-3 d, the multispectral lens is secured to the measuring device body by a structural component 5 thereon. The filter array 1, the aperture diaphragm 2, the micro lens array 3 and the view field diaphragm 4 are fixedly arranged in the structural component 5 according to the light transmission relation, and the filter array unit 11, the aperture diaphragm light through holes 22, the view field diaphragm light through holes 44 and the lens array unit 33 are in one-to-one correspondence according to the light through relation, so that no light blocking of each channel is ensured. The multispectral lens is connected to a measuring device body comprising an imaging detector 6 by adopting a standard interface (such as a C port, a CS port, an F port and an M12 port, etc.), images on a photosensitive surface of the imaging detector 6, and adjusts the field diaphragm 4 to enable the imaging of each channel to be misaligned on the focal surface for multispectral measurement.
According to the multispectral lens and the multispectral lens measuring device, the multispectral lens array is formed by the optical filter array 1 and the microlens array 3, images of different spectrum sections of a scene are formed at different positions of a focal plane, and parts corresponding to the same scene are selected from the images of different positions for analysis, so that the spectral reflectance value or the spectral radiation value of the scene can be obtained.
The variation in output image pixel gray scale can result from the non-uniformity of the individual pixel responses on the imaging detector 6 of the multispectral measurement device. In some cases, some useless image parts (also can be regarded as background) are superimposed in the image, or some factors affecting imaging, such as dust adhering to the surface of the detector, exist in the optical path, and the pixel response of the imaging detector 6 can be regarded as affecting the output image. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention also provides a calibration method of the multispectral measuring device, and after the multispectral measuring device is calibrated by the method, a better imaging effect can be obtained.
The calibration method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the field of view corresponding to each lens unit 33 is determined on the imaging detector 6, that is, the image area corresponding to each lens unit 33 on the imaging detector 6, so as to obtain N pixel points corresponding to each lens unit 33, where the number of corresponding pixel points may be different for each lens unit 33.
Step 2: the multispectral measuring device acquires images in a full dark background to obtain the gray value A of each pixel point n of the image formed by each lens unit 33 on the imaging detector n (x, y), n=1, … … N, (x, y) is pixel point coordinates. In the actual collection process, a lens cover of the multispectral lens can be covered, and the multispectral measuring device collects background image data to obtain the gray value A of each pixel point of the background image of each lens unit 33 n (x,y)。
Step 3: the multispectral measuring device collects the uniform bright field image to obtain the gray value T of each pixel point n of the image formed by each lens unit 33 on the imaging detector n (x, y), n=1, … … N, (x, y) is pixel point coordinates. In the actual collection process, the multispectral measurement device can collect images of the uniform light field integrating sphere, the uniform white board or the uniform gray board to obtain the gray value T of each pixel point of the image of each lens unit 33 n (x,y)。
Step 4: an image correction coefficient of each lens unit 33 with respect to each imaged pixel is determined:
wherein H is n (x, y), n=1, … … N, (x, y) is pixel coordinates;
step 5: an image correction formula for each lens unit 33 with respect to each imaged pixel point is obtained:
F(x,y)＝[F n (x,y)-A n (x,y)]*H n (x,y)，
wherein F is n (x, y) is a plurality ofThe actual grey values of the image formed by the spectral measuring device on the imaging detector 6, F (x, y) representing the corrected grey values, H n (x, y), n=1, … … N, (x, y) is pixel point coordinates.
The method of measuring multispectral data using the multispectral measurement apparatus of the embodiments of the present invention is described below. Taking the example of the observation of the crown, assuming that the pixel number of the imaging detector is 2048 x 2048, the micro-lens array comprises 3*3 lens units, and the focal plane range of the imaging detector covered by each lens unit is a circular area with the diameter of 600 pixels. The multispectral measuring device provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for multispectral measurement of a target scenery, namely a tree crown, and the measurement can adopt two modes, namely a multispectral probe measuring mode and a multispectral imaging measuring mode.
The multispectral probe measurement mode comprises the following steps:
first, the multispectral measurement device is calibrated as described above, and will not be described in detail herein.
Secondly, the distance between the multispectral measuring device and the tree crown is adjusted, the tree crown is imaged, and the field of view can cover a single tree crown or the whole tree or a plurality of trees. The scene images of different spectral bands are 3*3 distributed on the imaging detector, and the parallax of the images of each spectral band is small due to the small spacing between the lens units.
Then, a region of interest, such as a certain part of a crown, is arbitrarily selected from the image scene acquired by the multispectral measurement device, the regions of interest corresponding to the 9 spectral bands are respectively X11, X12, X13, X21, X22, X23, X31, X32 and X33, and the images of interest corresponding to the 9 spectral bands correspond to the same part of the crown. The number of pixels occupied by the image of interest for each spectral segment is N, which is typically greater than 100 x 100. Compared with the multispectral detection performed by the prior point detector, the multispectral measurement device provided by the embodiment of the invention can intuitively and arbitrarily select the region of interest.
Finally, respectively calculating the DN average value of each pixel in the nine images of X11, X12, X13, X21, X22, X23, X31, X32 and X33 to obtain the average spectrum signals DN11, DN12, DN13, DN21, DN22, DN23 and DN3 of each spectrum channel1. DN32, DN33. The average spectrum signal is obtained by averaging DN values of N pixels, so that the influence of random noise is reduced, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal is improved. Compared with the prior multi-spectrum detection by the point detector, the signal to noise ratio is improvedMultiple times.
The steps of the multispectral imaging measurement mode are as follows:
first, the multispectral measurement device is calibrated as described above, and will not be described in detail herein.
Secondly, the distance between the multispectral measuring device and the tree crown is adjusted, the tree crown is imaged, and the field of view can cover a single tree crown or the whole tree or a plurality of trees. The scene images of different spectral ranges are distributed on the detector in 3*3, and the image areas are respectively T11, T12, T13, T21, T22, T23, T31, T32 and T33. Because of the small spacing between the lens units, the parallax of the images of each spectral band is small.
Subsequently, image registration is performed on the respective spectral images T11, T12, T13, T21, T22, T23, T31, T32, T33, resulting in multispectral images.
While the present method has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments thereof, which are exemplary, various modifications and alterations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A calibration method of a multispectral measurement device is characterized in that,
the multispectral measuring device comprises a measuring device body and a multispectral lens, wherein the multispectral lens is fixed on the measuring device body through a structural component, an imaging detector which is arranged corresponding to the multispectral lens is arranged in the measuring device body, and the imaging detector is positioned on a focal plane of the multispectral lens;
the multispectral lens sequentially comprises an optical filter array, a micro lens array and a view field diaphragm along the light path direction, and the optical filter array, the micro lens array and the view field diaphragm are fixedly arranged in the structural component; the optical filter array comprises a plurality of optical filter array units which are arranged corresponding to the plurality of lens units of the micro lens array, the field diaphragm comprises a plurality of field diaphragm light through holes which are arranged corresponding to the plurality of lens units of the micro lens array, and optical axes of the correspondingly arranged lens units, the optical filter array units and the field diaphragm light through holes are consistent; the imaging areas of the lens units of the microlens array are separated; the size of the aperture through hole of the aperture diaphragm is smaller than or equal to the size of the lens unit of the corresponding micro lens array;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining an image plane area corresponding to each lens unit on an imaging detector to obtain N pixel points corresponding to each lens unit;
step 2: the multispectral measuring device acquires images under a full dark background to obtain gray values A of pixel points n of the images formed by each lens unit on the imaging detector n (x, y), where n=1, … … N, (x, y) is pixel point coordinates;
step 3: the multispectral measuring device acquires uniform bright field images to obtain gray values T of pixel points n of images formed by each lens unit on the imaging detector n (x,y)；
Step 4: determining an image correction coefficient of each lens unit with respect to each imaged pixel point:
step 5: obtaining an image correction formula of each lens unit with respect to each imaged pixel point n:
F n (x,y)＝[F n0 (x,y)-A n (x,y)]*H n (x,y)，
wherein F is n0 (x, y) is multispectralMeasuring actual grey values of the image formed by the device on the imaging detector, F n (x, y) represents the corrected gradation value.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the multispectral lens further comprises an aperture stop, the aperture stop is disposed between the filter array and the microlens array, the aperture stop comprises a plurality of aperture stop light-passing holes disposed corresponding to a plurality of lens units of the microlens array, and the lens units, the aperture stop light-passing holes, the filter array unit and the field stop light-passing holes disposed corresponding to each other have the same optical axis.
3. The method of calibrating a multi-spectral measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the size of each aperture through which aperture stops passes is matched to the energy of its corresponding spectral band.
4. The method of calibrating a multi-spectral measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the lens units of the microlens array are monolithic aspherical lenses, monolithic self-focusing lenses or multi-piece spherical lens groups, and the focal plane of each lens unit of the microlens array is on one plane.
5. A method of calibrating a multispectral measurement device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aperture size of the field stop aperture matches the field size of its corresponding spectral band.
6. The method of calibrating a multi-spectral measuring device according to claim 1, wherein a size of the microlens array formed by the plurality of lens units is not larger than a target surface size of the imaging detector in the measuring body of the multi-spectral measuring device.
7. The method of calibrating a multispectral measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the uniform bright field is a uniform light field integrating sphere, a uniform whiteboard, or a uniform gray plate.
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| US11561284B2 (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2023-01-24 | Waymo Llc | Parallax compensating spatial filters |
| CN110081978A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-02 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of multispectral polarization imaging device of transient state and its imaging method |
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