CN107574493B - Flexible tensile strain sensor of spiral winding structure based on electrospinning - Google Patents
Flexible tensile strain sensor of spiral winding structure based on electrospinning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible tensile strain sensor of a spiral winding structure based on electrospinning and a preparation method thereof, wherein the sensitive resistor of the sensor is prepared by combining a conductive nanofiber membrane prepared by an electrostatic spinning method and preparing a bifilar spiral line through secondary twisting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flexible electronic devices, and particularly relates to a spiral winding structure flexible tensile strain sensor based on electrospinning and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, flexible wearable electronic devices can be integrated into clothes and human skin to obtain various information such as limb movement, body temperature change, psychological change and health condition at any time and any place, namely, the flexible wearable electronic devices can work flexibly in a non-planar working environment and promote the integration of information and people, so that the flexible wearable electronic devices are widely concerned in the fields of natural disaster early warning, artificial electronic skin, solar cells, intelligent display screens, wearable personal health monitoring equipment, robots with artificial intelligence, embedded medical devices and the like. The performance of the flexible sensor, which is a core component of the flexible wearable device, will affect the properties, performance and future development trend of the flexible wearable device. The electrostatic spinning technology is a method for preparing one-dimensional functional micro-nano fibers, and compared with other preparation methods, the electrostatic spinning technology has the advantages of simple device, low spinning cost, various spinnable materials, unique and easy operability and wide applicability. The most common product of the traditional electrostatic spinning is a two-dimensional non-woven fabric fiber structure, and a micro-nano fiber membrane material with certain conductivity can be prepared by using the technology, but most of the materials can be bent to have certain flexibility, but the materials often cannot be stretched in a large range, and the conductivity of the materials is greatly reduced under the condition of stretching in a small range, so that good electrical signal response cannot be provided, and further application of the materials on a flexible wearable device is limited to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the sensor has high conductivity, can realize large stretching, still has conductive performance when large-size stretching, has good toughness, high stretch recovery, good stretch stability and wide strain bearing range, and is simple in preparation method, low in production cost and suitable for large-scale production.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral wound structure, comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: preparing a spinning precursor solution containing conductive particles, and directly electrospinning a conductive nanofiber membrane by using an electrostatic spinning method;
(2) preparing a spiral line: twisting the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1) into a spiral line;
(3) preparing a double-stranded spiral line: folding the spiral line obtained in the step (2) in half, and twisting the spiral line into a double-strand spiral line again;
(4) assembling devices: and (4) mounting electrodes at two ends of the double-stranded spiral line obtained in the step (3), and connecting the electrodes serving as sensitive resistors into a strain sensor circuit to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
Further, the conductive particles in step (1) are particles composed of one or more conductive substances selected from polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly (3, 4-dioxyethylthiophene), polythiophene, poly (3-hexylthiophene), polyacetylene, poly (styrene), polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylacetylene, graphene, metal nanowires, carbon nanotubes and metal oxides, or composite particles composed of the conductive substances and one or more selected from polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polycaprolactone, polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate.
Further, the step (1) of preparing the conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: mixing 1.0 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone powder, 3.0 g of poly (3, 4-dioxyethyl thiophene)/polystyrene sulfonic acid and 2g of absolute ethyl alcohol, then adding 0.2 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, magnetically stirring for 5 hours at room temperature to uniformly mix the solution, standing for 90 minutes to obtain uniform spinning precursor solution, injecting the spinning precursor solution into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, wherein the spinning voltage is 12 kilovolts, the spinning distance is 10cm, and the spinning time is 15 minutes, namely obtaining the conductive nanofiber membrane on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device.
Based on similar thinking, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the spiral winding structure flexible tensile strain sensor based on electrospinning, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: preparing an insulating high polymer material spinning precursor solution, directly electrospinning an insulating nanofiber membrane by using an electrostatic spinning method, immersing the obtained insulating nanofiber membrane in a conductive material suspension or a conductive high polymer polymerization reaction solution, and loading a conductive material to obtain a conductive nanofiber membrane;
(2) preparing a spiral line: twisting the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1) into a spiral line;
(3) preparing a double-stranded spiral line: folding the spiral line obtained in the step (2) in half, and twisting the spiral line into a double-strand spiral line again;
(4) assembling devices: and (4) mounting electrodes at two ends of the double-stranded spiral line obtained in the step (3), and connecting the electrodes serving as sensitive resistors into a strain sensor circuit to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
Further, the conductive material in the step (1) is one or more of polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly (3, 4-dioxyethyl thiophene), polythiophene, poly (3-hexylthiophene), polyacetylene, poly (p-styrene), polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylacetylene, graphene, metal nanowires, carbon nanotubes and metal oxide; the conductive high polymer is one or more of polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly 3, 4-dioxyethyl thiophene PEDOT, polythiophene, poly 3-hexyl thiophene, polyacetylene, poly-p-styrene, polyphenylene sulfide and polyphenylacetylene.
Further, the step (1) of preparing the conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: 1.2g of polyurethane, 3.9g N-N dimethylformamide and 3.9g of acetone are mixed, the mixture is heated and stirred to be uniform and transparent at 40 ℃ to obtain uniform spinning precursor solution, the spinning precursor solution is injected into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, the spinning voltage is 13 kilovolt, the spinning distance is 8cm, the air humidity is 45 percent, and the spinning time is 10min, namely an insulating nanofiber membrane is obtained on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device, the obtained insulating nanofiber membrane is immersed in a graphene solution to carry graphene in situ infiltration, and then a sample is naturally dried to obtain the conductive nanofiber membrane.
Further, the step (1) of preparing the conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: mixing 1.2g of polyurethane, 3.9g N-N-dimethylformamide and 3.9g of acetone, heating and stirring at 40 ℃ until the mixture is uniform and transparent to obtain uniform spinning precursor solution, injecting the spinning precursor solution into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, wherein the spinning voltage is 13 kilovolt, the spinning distance is 8cm, the air humidity is 45 percent, and the spinning time is 10min, namely obtaining an insulating nanofiber membrane on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device; 2.542g of sulfosalicylic acid is dissolved in 50mL of deionized water, 1.8626g of aniline is added into the sulfosalicylic acid, the sulfosalicylic acid is used as a solution A after being fully stirred, 4.564g of ammonium persulfate is dissolved in 50mL of deionized water, and the solution B is used as a solution B after being fully stirred; and refrigerating the solution A and the solution B at 5 ℃ for 1h, mixing the solution A and the solution B to prepare polyaniline polymerization reaction liquid, soaking the insulating nanofiber membrane in the polyaniline polymerization reaction liquid at 5 ℃ for 6.5h to carry polyaniline on the surface of the insulating fiber membrane in an in-situ polymerization manner, taking out a sample, washing with deionized water, and naturally drying to obtain the conductive nanofiber membrane.
Further, the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1) is composed of an array of parallel ordered fibers. In the step (1), the nanofiber membrane can be prepared by adopting the existing electrostatic spinning device or method (such as roller collection, centrifugal electrospinning and the like) for preparing the ordered fibers, so that the directly obtained or post-treated fiber membrane consists of the ordered fiber array.
Further, the step (2) is to prepare a spiral line: fixing one end of the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1), connecting the other end of the conductive nanofiber membrane with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, starting the rotating motor, and adjusting the rotating speed of the rotating motor to enable the rotating shaft of the rotating motor to drive one end of the conductive nanofiber membrane to rotate slowly to quickly so as to twist the conductive nanofiber membrane into a spiral line.
Further, the step (3) is to prepare a bifilar helix: after the helix obtained in the step (2) is folded, one end of the helix is fixed, the other end of the helix is connected with the rotating motor rotating shaft, the rotating motor is started, and the rotating speed of the motor is adjusted, so that the rotating motor rotating shaft drives one end of the helix after being folded to rotate slowly and twist the helix into a double-strand helix.
Further, the step (4) is to assemble the device: and (3) respectively fixing two copper wires at two ends of the double-stranded spiral line obtained in the step (3) by using silver glue as electrodes to obtain a sensitive resistor of the strain sensor circuit, and electrically connecting the obtained sensitive resistor with a voltage source and an ammeter by using a lead to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
Further, the outer surface of the sensitive resistor obtained in the step (4) is encapsulated by Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a PDMS protective layer.
The invention also discloses an electrospinning-based flexible and stretchable strain sensor with a spiral winding structure, which is prepared by the method. The sensitive resistor of the strain sensor is a conductive double-strand spiral line structure based on a spiral winding structure, the fibers in the double-strand spiral line are in close contact with each other to achieve a good fixing effect on conductive particles in the fibers, the conductive particles are guaranteed to move uniformly along with the stretching of the fibers when the sensitive resistor is stressed and stretched, so that the conductive particles are guaranteed to be uniformly distributed in a material under the condition of large stretching to guarantee the whole conductivity of the material, the double-strand spiral line obtained by conducting a fiber film through secondary twisting has large pre-stretching amount and toughness, the flexibility and the electrical performance of a device can be well kept in the stretching process, through tests, the conductivity of the force sensitive resistor of the device is reduced along with the increase of the stretching amount, the stretching rate of the device can reach 1000%, and the device has good response speed and recovery performance, and when the stretching rate of the force sensitive resistor reaches 200%, the stretchable electronic device can still conduct electricity, the force sensitive resistor can automatically recover to the original length after the tensile force is removed, and the electrical property can also recover to the original shape along with the recovery of the length, so that the stretchable electronic device is expected to be applied to the fields of testing the actions of knee flexion and extension, finger movement and the like, stretchable display screens, skin sensors and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an electrospinning-based flexible tensile strain sensor with a spiral winding structure and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the sensitive resistor of the strain sensor is a conductive double-strand spiral line structure based on a spiral winding structure, the fibers in the double-strand spiral line are in close contact with each other to achieve a good fixing effect on conductive particles in the fibers, the conductive particles are ensured to uniformly move along with the stretching of the fibers when the sensitive resistor is stressed and stretched, so that the conductive particles are ensured to be uniformly distributed in a material under the condition of large stretching to ensure the whole conductivity of the material, the double-strand spiral line obtained by conducting a fiber film through secondary twisting has large pre-stretching amount and toughness, the flexibility and the electrical property of a device can be well maintained in the stretching process, through tests, the conductivity of the force sensitive resistor of the device is reduced along with the increase of the stretching amount, the stretching rate of the force sensitive resistor can reach 1000%, and the device has good response speed and recovery performance, and when the stretching rate of the force sensitive resistor reaches 200%, the stretchable electronic device can still conduct electricity, the force sensitive resistor can automatically recover to the original length after the tensile force is removed, the electrical performance can also recover to the original shape along with the recovery of the length, the recovery speed is high, and the stretching recovery rate is high, so that the stretchable electronic device is expected to be applied to the fields of testing the actions of knee flexion and extension, finger movement and the like, stretchable display screens, skin sensors and the like.
(2) The flexible force-sensitive resistor with the conductive double-strand spiral line structure is simple in preparation method, convenient to operate and repeat, suitable for large-scale production, low in production cost and high in practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1: an electron micrograph of the spiral line obtained in step (2) of example 1;
FIG. 2: an optical micrograph of the bifilar helix obtained in step (3) of example 1;
FIG. 3: current characteristic curves of the strain sensor of example 2 under different tensile conditions;
FIG. 4: the strain sensor of example 2 exhibited a stretch recovery response curve at a stretch rate of 200%.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the following explains the present solution by way of embodiments.
Example 1
A preparation method of a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral winding structure comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: mixing 1.2g of Polyurethane (PU), 3.9g N-N dimethylformamide and 3.9g of acetone, heating and stirring at 40 ℃ until the mixture is uniform and transparent to obtain uniform spinning precursor solution, injecting the spinning precursor solution into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, wherein the spinning voltage is 13 kilovolt, the spinning distance is 8cm, the air humidity is 45%, and the spinning time is 10min, namely obtaining an insulating nanofiber membrane on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device, soaking the obtained insulating nanofiber membrane in a graphene solution (the solvent is DMF) to in-situ soak loaded graphene, and then naturally drying the sample to obtain the conductive nanofiber membrane;
(2) preparing a spiral line: fixing one end of the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1), connecting the other end of the conductive nanofiber membrane with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, starting the rotating motor, adjusting the rotating speed of the rotating motor to enable the rotating shaft of the motor to drive one end of the fiber membrane to rotate from slow to fast, and twisting the conductive nanofiber membrane into a spiral line (the appearance is shown in figure 1);
(3) preparing a double-stranded spiral line: after the spiral line obtained in the step (2) is folded in half, one end of the spiral line is fixed, the other end of the spiral line is connected with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, the rotating motor is started, the rotating shaft of the rotating motor drives one end of the folded spiral line to rotate from slow to fast, and the spiral line is twisted into a double-strand spiral line (the shape is shown in figure 2);
(4) assembling devices: and (3) respectively fixing two copper wires at two ends of the double-strand spiral line obtained in the step (3) by using silver glue as electrodes to obtain a sensitive resistor of the strain sensor circuit, packaging the outer surface of the obtained sensitive resistor by using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a PDMS protective layer, and electrically connecting the obtained sensitive resistor with a voltage source and an ammeter by using a lead to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
Example 2
A preparation method of a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral winding structure comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: 1.2g of Polyurethane (PU), 3.9g N-N dimethylformamide and 3.9g of acetone are mixed, heated and stirred at 40 ℃ until the mixture is uniform and transparent, so as to obtain uniform spinning precursor solution, the spinning precursor solution is injected into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, the spinning voltage is 13 kilovolts, the spinning distance is 8cm, the air humidity is 45 percent, and the spinning time is 10min, so that an insulating nanofiber membrane is obtained on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device; 2.542g of sulfosalicylic acid is dissolved in 50mL of deionized water, 1.8626g of aniline is added into the sulfosalicylic acid, the sulfosalicylic acid is used as a solution A after being fully stirred, 4.564g of ammonium persulfate is dissolved in 50mL of deionized water, and the solution B is used as a solution B after being fully stirred; refrigerating the solution A and the solution B at 5 ℃ for 1h, mixing the solution A and the solution B to prepare polyaniline polymerization reaction liquid, soaking the insulating nanofiber membrane in the polyaniline polymerization reaction liquid at 5 ℃ for 6.5h to enable the surface of the insulating fiber membrane to be in-situ polymerized and loaded with polyaniline, taking out a sample, washing with deionized water for 3 times, and naturally drying to obtain the conductive nanofiber membrane;
(2) preparing a spiral line: fixing one end of the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1), connecting the other end of the conductive nanofiber membrane with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, starting the rotating motor, and adjusting the rotating speed of the motor to enable the rotating shaft of the motor to drive one end of the fiber membrane to rotate from slow to fast so as to twist the conductive nanofiber membrane into a spiral line;
(3) preparing a double-stranded spiral line: after the spiral line obtained in the step (2) is folded in half, one end of the spiral line is fixed, the other end of the spiral line is connected with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, the rotating motor is started, the rotating speed of the rotating motor is adjusted, so that the rotating shaft of the motor drives one end of the folded spiral line to rotate from slow to fast, and the spiral line is twisted into a double-strand spiral line;
(4) assembling devices: and (3) respectively fixing two copper wires at two ends of the double-strand spiral line obtained in the step (3) by using silver glue as electrodes to obtain a sensitive resistor of the strain sensor circuit, packaging the outer surface of the obtained sensitive resistor by using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a PDMS protective layer, and electrically connecting the obtained sensitive resistor with a voltage source and an ammeter by using a lead to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
And (3) performance testing: fig. 3 is a current characteristic curve of the strain sensor of the present embodiment under different stretching conditions, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the conductivity of the sensitive resistor of the strain sensor of the present invention decreases with the increase of the axial stretching ratio of the resistor, and the strain sensor has an ultra-fast response time under different stretching conditions. Fig. 4 is a tensile recovery response curve of the strain sensor when the tensile rate is 200%, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the force-sensitive resistor of the strain sensor can still conduct electricity when the tensile rate (axial direction) of the force-sensitive resistor reaches 200%, and the force-sensitive resistor can be quickly and automatically recovered to its original length after the tensile force is removed, and the electrical property is also recovered along with the length recovery, so that the strain sensor has a faster response speed and sensitivity.
Example 3
A preparation method of a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral winding structure comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning, namely mixing 1.2g of Polyurethane (PU), 3.9g N-N dimethylformamide and 3.9g of acetone, heating and stirring at 40 ℃ until the mixture is uniform and transparent to obtain uniform spinning precursor solution, injecting the spinning precursor solution into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, wherein the spinning voltage is 13 kilovolt, the spinning distance is 8cm, the air humidity is 45%, and the spinning time is 10min, namely obtaining an insulating nanofiber membrane on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device;
(2) preparing a spiral line: fixing one end of the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1), connecting the other end of the conductive nanofiber membrane with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, starting the rotating motor, and adjusting the rotating speed of the motor to enable the rotating shaft of the motor to drive one end of the fiber membrane to rotate from slow to fast so as to twist the conductive nanofiber membrane into a spiral line;
(3) preparing a double-stranded spiral line: after the spiral line obtained in the step (2) is folded in half, one end of the spiral line is fixed, the other end of the spiral line is connected with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, the rotating motor is started, the rotating speed of the rotating motor is adjusted, so that the rotating shaft of the motor drives one end of the folded spiral line to rotate from slow to fast, and the spiral line is twisted into a double-strand spiral line;
(4) assembling devices: and (3) respectively fixing two copper wires at two ends of the double-strand spiral line obtained in the step (3) by using silver glue as electrodes to obtain a sensitive resistor of the strain sensor circuit, packaging the outer surface of the obtained sensitive resistor by using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a PDMS protective layer, and electrically connecting the obtained sensitive resistor with a voltage source and an ammeter by using a lead to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
Example 4
A preparation method of a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral winding structure comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning, namely mixing 1.2g of Polyurethane (PU), 3.9g N-N dimethylformamide and 3.9g of acetone, heating and stirring at 40 ℃ until the mixture is uniform and transparent to obtain uniform spinning precursor liquid, injecting the spinning precursor liquid into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, wherein the spinning voltage is 13 kilovolt, the spinning distance is 8cm, the air humidity is 45%, and the spinning time is 10min, namely obtaining an insulating nanofiber membrane on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device;
(2) preparing a spiral line: fixing one end of the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1), connecting the other end of the conductive nanofiber membrane with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, starting the rotating motor, and adjusting the rotating speed of the motor to enable the rotating shaft of the motor to drive one end of the fiber membrane to rotate from slow to fast so as to twist the conductive nanofiber membrane into a spiral line;
(3) preparing a double-stranded spiral line: after the spiral line obtained in the step (2) is folded in half, one end of the spiral line is fixed, the other end of the spiral line is connected with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, the rotating motor is started, the rotating speed of the rotating motor is adjusted, so that the rotating shaft of the motor drives one end of the folded spiral line to rotate from slow to fast, and the spiral line is twisted into a double-strand spiral line;
(4) assembling devices: and (3) respectively fixing two copper wires at two ends of the double-strand spiral line obtained in the step (3) by using silver glue as electrodes to obtain a sensitive resistor of the strain sensor circuit, packaging the outer surface of the obtained sensitive resistor by using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a PDMS protective layer, and electrically connecting the obtained sensitive resistor with a voltage source and an ammeter by using a lead to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
Example 5
A preparation method of a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral winding structure comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: adding 2.2 g of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) into a mixed solution of 3.9g of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and 3.9g of acetone, heating and magnetically stirring for 3 hours to obtain PVDF electro-spinning precursor solution with the mass fraction of 22 wt%, injecting the spinning precursor solution into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, wherein the spinning voltage is 14 kilovolts, the spinning distance is 10cm, the air humidity is 45%, and the spinning time is 15min, namely obtaining an insulating nanofiber membrane on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device; 0.93 g of aniline, 4.56 g of ammonium persulfate, 1.28 g of sulfosalicylic acid and 70 ml of distilled water are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain polyaniline polymerization reaction liquid, the insulating nanofiber membrane is soaked in the polyaniline polymerization reaction liquid, the insulating nanofiber membrane is soaked in a closed environment at the temperature of 0-4 ℃ for 6 hours to enable the surface of the insulating fiber membrane to be in-situ polymerized to load polyaniline, a sample is taken out, the sample is washed by deionized water for 3 times, and then the sample is dried at room temperature in vacuum to obtain the conductive nanofiber membrane;
(2) preparing a spiral line: fixing one end of the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1), connecting the other end of the conductive nanofiber membrane with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, starting the rotating motor, and adjusting the rotating speed of the motor to enable the rotating shaft of the motor to drive one end of the fiber membrane to rotate from slow to fast so as to twist the conductive nanofiber membrane into a spiral line;
(3) preparing a double-stranded spiral line: after the spiral line obtained in the step (2) is folded in half, one end of the spiral line is fixed, the other end of the spiral line is connected with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, the rotating motor is started, the rotating speed of the rotating motor is adjusted, so that the rotating shaft of the motor drives one end of the folded spiral line to rotate from slow to fast, and the spiral line is twisted into a double-strand spiral line;
(4) assembling devices: and (3) respectively fixing two copper wires at two ends of the double-strand spiral line obtained in the step (3) by using silver glue as electrodes to obtain a sensitive resistor of the strain sensor circuit, packaging the outer surface of the obtained sensitive resistor by using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a PDMS protective layer, and electrically connecting the obtained sensitive resistor with a voltage source and an ammeter by using a lead to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
Example 6
A preparation method of a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral winding structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: mixing 1.0 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone powder (PVP, molecular weight of 130 ten thousand) with 3.0 g of poly 3, 4-dioxyethyl thiophene/polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT/PSS, aqueous solution with mass fraction of 2.8 wt%) and 2g of absolute ethyl alcohol, then adding 0.2 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, magnetically stirring for 5 hours at room temperature to uniformly mix the solutions, standing for 90 minutes to obtain uniform spinning precursor solution, injecting the spinning precursor solution into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, wherein the spinning voltage is 12 kilovolts, the spinning distance is 10cm, and the spinning time is 15min, namely obtaining the conductive nanofiber membrane on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device;
(2) preparing a spiral line: fixing one end of the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1), connecting the other end of the conductive nanofiber membrane with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, starting the rotating motor, and adjusting the rotating speed of the motor to enable the rotating shaft of the motor to drive one end of the fiber membrane to rotate from slow to fast so as to twist the conductive nanofiber membrane into a spiral line;
(3) preparing a double-stranded spiral line: after the spiral line obtained in the step (2) is folded in half, one end of the spiral line is fixed, the other end of the spiral line is connected with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, the rotating motor is started, the rotating speed of the rotating motor is adjusted, so that the rotating shaft of the motor drives one end of the folded spiral line to rotate from slow to fast, and the spiral line is twisted into a double-strand spiral line;
(4) assembling devices: and (3) respectively fixing two copper wires at two ends of the double-strand spiral line obtained in the step (3) by using silver glue as electrodes to obtain a sensitive resistor of the strain sensor circuit, packaging the outer surface of the obtained sensitive resistor by using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a PDMS protective layer, and electrically connecting the obtained sensitive resistor with a voltage source and an ammeter by using a lead to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
Example 7
A preparation method of a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral winding structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: 1.0 g of undoped polyaniline in eigenstate (molecular weight 120000) was mixed with 1.29 g of camphorsulfonic acid (HCSA), and dissolved in 100ml of chloroform (CHCl)3) For a medium time of 4 hours. Filtering the obtained dark green solution (doped polyaniline), adding 32 mg of polyethylene oxide (PEO) (molecular weight 2000000) into the filtrate, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, filtering the solution again to obtain uniform spinning precursor solution, injecting the spinning precursor solution into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, wherein the spinning voltage is 14 kilovolts, the spinning distance is 10cm, and the spinning time is 20min, namely obtaining a conductive nanofiber membrane on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device;
(2) preparing a spiral line: fixing one end of the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1), connecting the other end of the conductive nanofiber membrane with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, starting the rotating motor, and adjusting the rotating speed of the motor to enable the rotating shaft of the motor to drive one end of the fiber membrane to rotate from slow to fast so as to twist the conductive nanofiber membrane into a spiral line;
(3) preparing a double-stranded spiral line: after the spiral line obtained in the step (2) is folded in half, one end of the spiral line is fixed, the other end of the spiral line is connected with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, the rotating motor is started, the rotating speed of the rotating motor is adjusted, so that the rotating shaft of the motor drives one end of the folded spiral line to rotate from slow to fast, and the spiral line is twisted into a double-strand spiral line;
(4) assembling devices: and (3) respectively fixing two copper wires at two ends of the double-strand spiral line obtained in the step (3) by using silver glue as electrodes to obtain a sensitive resistor of the strain sensor circuit, packaging the outer surface of the obtained sensitive resistor by using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a PDMS protective layer, and electrically connecting the obtained sensitive resistor with a voltage source and an ammeter by using a lead to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
Example 8
A preparation method of a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral winding structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: 0.5 g of polypyrrole powder (PPY, MW > 1000) was mixed with 1.0 g of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA), dissolved in 10 ml of chloroform (CHCl) with ultrasonic agitation3) In (1). The resulting solution (doped polypyrrole PPY-DBSA) was filtered through a 1 micron Teflon filter membrane. In order to be suitable for electrospinning, filtrate is evaporated and concentrated until the mass percentage of polypyrrole PPY-DBSA is about 35 wt%, then a proper amount of other common polymers such as polyvinyl cinnamate (PVCN, the mass ratio of PPY to PVCN is 4:1) are added, the mixture is magnetically stirred for 2 hours at room temperature to obtain uniform spinning precursor solution, the spinning precursor solution is injected into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, the spinning voltage is 14 kilovolt, the spinning distance is 10cm, and the spinning time is 20min, namely, a conductive nanofiber membrane is obtained on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device;
(2) preparing a spiral line: fixing one end of the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1), connecting the other end of the conductive nanofiber membrane with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, starting the rotating motor, and adjusting the rotating speed of the motor to enable the rotating shaft of the motor to drive one end of the fiber membrane to rotate from slow to fast so as to twist the conductive nanofiber membrane into a spiral line;
(3) preparing a double-stranded spiral line: after the spiral line obtained in the step (2) is folded in half, one end of the spiral line is fixed, the other end of the spiral line is connected with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, the rotating motor is started, the rotating speed of the rotating motor is adjusted, so that the rotating shaft of the motor drives one end of the folded spiral line to rotate from slow to fast, and the spiral line is twisted into a double-strand spiral line;
(4) assembling devices: and (3) respectively fixing two copper wires at two ends of the double-strand spiral line obtained in the step (3) by using silver glue as electrodes to obtain a sensitive resistor of the strain sensor circuit, packaging the outer surface of the obtained sensitive resistor by using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a PDMS protective layer, and electrically connecting the obtained sensitive resistor with a voltage source and an ammeter by using a lead to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications based on the technical solutions described in the claims, and all equivalent changes or modifications should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention. The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral winding structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: preparing a spinning precursor solution containing conductive particles, and directly electrospinning a conductive nanofiber membrane by using an electrostatic spinning method;
(2) preparing a spiral line: fixing one end of the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1), connecting the other end of the conductive nanofiber membrane with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, starting the rotating motor, and adjusting the rotating speed of the motor to enable the rotating shaft of the motor to drive one end of the fiber membrane to rotate from slow to fast so as to twist the conductive nanofiber membrane into a spiral line;
(3) preparing a double-stranded spiral line: after the spiral line obtained in the step (2) is folded in half, one end of the spiral line is fixed, the other end of the spiral line is connected with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, the rotating motor is started, the rotating speed of the rotating motor is adjusted, so that the rotating shaft of the motor drives one end of the folded spiral line to rotate from slow to fast, and the spiral line is twisted into a double-strand spiral line;
(4) assembling devices: and (4) mounting electrodes at two ends of the double-stranded spiral line obtained in the step (3), and connecting the electrodes serving as sensitive resistors into a strain sensor circuit to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
2. The method for preparing a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral wound structure according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) of electrospinning to prepare a conductive nanofiber membrane: mixing 1.0 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone powder, 3.0 g of poly (3, 4-dioxyethyl thiophene)/polystyrene sulfonic acid and 2g of absolute ethyl alcohol, then adding 0.2 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, magnetically stirring for 5 hours at room temperature to uniformly mix the solution, standing for 90 minutes to obtain uniform spinning precursor solution, injecting the spinning precursor solution into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, wherein the spinning voltage is 12 kilovolts, the spinning distance is 10cm, and the spinning time is 15 minutes, namely obtaining the conductive nanofiber membrane on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device.
3. A preparation method of a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral winding structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a conductive nanofiber membrane by electrospinning: preparing an insulating high polymer material spinning precursor solution, directly electrospinning an insulating nanofiber membrane by using an electrostatic spinning method, immersing the obtained insulating nanofiber membrane in a conductive material suspension or a conductive high polymer polymerization reaction solution, and loading a conductive material to obtain a conductive nanofiber membrane;
(2) preparing a spiral line: fixing one end of the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (1), connecting the other end of the conductive nanofiber membrane with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, starting the rotating motor, and adjusting the rotating speed of the motor to enable the rotating shaft of the motor to drive one end of the fiber membrane to rotate from slow to fast so as to twist the conductive nanofiber membrane into a spiral line;
(3) preparing a double-stranded spiral line: after the spiral line obtained in the step (2) is folded in half, one end of the spiral line is fixed, the other end of the spiral line is connected with a rotating shaft of a rotating motor, the rotating motor is started, the rotating speed of the rotating motor is adjusted, so that the rotating shaft of the motor drives one end of the folded spiral line to rotate from slow to fast, and the spiral line is twisted into a double-strand spiral line;
(4) assembling devices: and (4) mounting electrodes at two ends of the double-stranded spiral line obtained in the step (3), and connecting the electrodes serving as sensitive resistors into a strain sensor circuit to obtain the flexible stretchable strain sensor.
4. The method for preparing the flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on electrospinning spiral wound structure according to claim 3, wherein the conductive material in step (1) is one or more of polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly 3, 4-dioxyethylthiophene, polythiophene, poly 3-hexylthiophene, polyacetylene, poly-p-styrene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylacetylene, graphene, metal nanowire, carbon nanotube, and metal oxide; the conductive high polymer is one or more of polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly 3, 4-dioxyethyl thiophene PEDOT, polythiophene, poly 3-hexyl thiophene, polyacetylene, poly-p-styrene, polyphenylene sulfide and polyphenylacetylene.
5. The method for preparing a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral wound structure according to claim 3, wherein the step (1) of electrospinning to prepare a conductive nanofiber membrane: 1.2g of polyurethane, 3.9g N-N dimethylformamide and 3.9g of acetone are mixed, the mixture is heated and stirred to be uniform and transparent at 40 ℃ to obtain uniform spinning precursor solution, the spinning precursor solution is injected into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, the spinning voltage is 13 kilovolt, the spinning distance is 8cm, the air humidity is 45 percent, and the spinning time is 10min, namely an insulating nanofiber membrane is obtained on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device, the obtained insulating nanofiber membrane is immersed in a graphene solution to carry graphene in situ infiltration, and then a sample is naturally dried to obtain the conductive nanofiber membrane.
6. The method for preparing a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral wound structure according to claim 3, wherein the step (1) of electrospinning to prepare a conductive nanofiber membrane: mixing 1.2g of polyurethane, 3.9g N-N-dimethylformamide and 3.9g of acetone, heating and stirring at 40 ℃ until the mixture is uniform and transparent to obtain uniform spinning precursor solution, injecting the spinning precursor solution into a liquid storage mechanism of an electrostatic spinning device, wherein the spinning voltage is 13 kilovolt, the spinning distance is 8cm, the air humidity is 45 percent, and the spinning time is 10min, namely obtaining an insulating nanofiber membrane on a collecting electrode of the electrostatic spinning device; 2.542g of sulfosalicylic acid is dissolved in 50mL of deionized water, 1.8626g of aniline is added into the sulfosalicylic acid, the sulfosalicylic acid is used as a solution A after being fully stirred, 4.564g of ammonium persulfate is dissolved in 50mL of deionized water, and the solution B is used as a solution B after being fully stirred; and refrigerating the solution A and the solution B at 5 ℃ for 1h, mixing the solution A and the solution B to prepare polyaniline polymerization reaction liquid, soaking the insulating nanofiber membrane in the polyaniline polymerization reaction liquid at 5 ℃ for 6.5h to carry polyaniline on the surface of the insulating fiber membrane in an in-situ polymerization manner, taking out a sample, washing with deionized water, and naturally drying to obtain the conductive nanofiber membrane.
7. The method for preparing a flexible and stretchable strain sensor based on electrospinning of a spirally wound structure according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the conductive nanofiber membrane obtained in step (1) is composed of an array of parallel ordered fibers; in the step (1), the existing electrostatic spinning device or method for preparing the ordered fibers is adopted to prepare the nanofiber membrane, so that the directly obtained or post-treated fiber membrane consists of the ordered fiber array.
8. A flexible stretchable strain sensor based on an electrospun spiral wound structure, characterized by being made by the method of claim 1 or 3.
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