CN107574322A - A kind of method that electronic torch melting technology High Purity prepares nickel base superalloy - Google Patents
A kind of method that electronic torch melting technology High Purity prepares nickel base superalloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN107574322A CN107574322A CN201710756120.8A CN201710756120A CN107574322A CN 107574322 A CN107574322 A CN 107574322A CN 201710756120 A CN201710756120 A CN 201710756120A CN 107574322 A CN107574322 A CN 107574322A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that electronic torch melting technology High Purity prepares nickel base superalloy, has following steps：S1, raw material prepare：S11, pretreatment, S12, charging；S2, melting prepare：S21, vacuum are taken out in advance, S22, pumping high vacuum, S23, filament pre-heating；S3, melting；S4, repeat step S3, until the alloy of size needed for obtaining.The present invention can increase substantially alloy cast ingot metallurgical quality, while reduce the micronutrient levels such as C, N, P, O in alloy；Yield is improved to more than 85%；The gross segregation of alloy can be controlled in minimum scope, effectively shorten the time of the techniques such as subsequent heat treatment；It is prepared by the engineering that large-sized casting ingot can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that electronic torch melting technology High Purity prepares nickel base superalloy.
Background technology
Aero-engine is to restrict the main bottleneck of China's aviation development.Advanced aero-engine need to meet following
Four important indicators：Big thrust-weight ratio, high reliability, high operational stability and low burn specific oil consumption.Big thrust-weight ratio is obtained,
High-temperature alloy material with advanced feature is one of its main support technology.Cause the domestic and huge important original of external gap
Because being that the alloy impurity control of element level of domestic production is relatively low, metallurgical quality is poor.Alloy impurity element is held to high temperature alloy
Long, the performance such as creep can produce serious influence, it is necessary to which alap level is arrived in their content and quantity control.So
The preparation of high temperature alloy foundry alloy is a very important ring in high temperature alloy production procedure.Changed from smelting technology angle
Enter, prepare the high temperature alloy foundry alloy of High Purity, can fundamentally ensure the performance of alloy.
Domestic nickel base superalloy technology of preparing is on the basis of vacuum induction melting (VIM), with reference to vacuum at present
Consumable (VAR) technology and electroslag remelting (ESR) technology, use double melting technique (VIM+VAR or VIM+ESR) or three meltings
Technique (VIM+ESR+VAR) prepares alloy cast ingot.The refractory material that process for vacuum induction smelting uses can introduce new impurity and lead
Melt contamination is caused finally to reside in ingot casting, and ingot casting coarse grains, uneven, solidifying segregation are more serious, shrinkage cavity is big；And
Although ESR and VAR technologies as secondary smelting technology substantially improve the problem of VIM technologies are left, but its casting for being produced
Ingot equally exists many weak points.Such as ESR technologies slag absorption gas, new impurity may be generated with fusant reaction；VAR institutes
It is poor to obtain ingot surface quality, and causes alloy cast ingot internal soundness poor because shrinkage cavity can not be completely eliminated, impurity decomposes again
Generation, can be still present in alloy in the form of Dispersed precipitate.
Electronic torch melting technology makes its complete under conditions of high vacuum using the beam bombardment mother metal of high-energy-density
Melt, and molten bath is kept the regular hour at a higher temperature, so as to realize melting to metal material, purify and go
It is miscellaneous.Its vacuum is much higher relative to traditional melting technique, typically 10-1~10-3Pa, for the gas in mother metal, non-gold
Category is mingled with and the removal of volatile impurity is more completely more thorough.In addition, the use of water jacketed copper crucible is avoiding introducing newly miscellaneous
In the case of matter, bigger thermograde is provided for the solidification of alloy so that freezing rate is very fast, so as to obtain low segregation
High temperature alloy.Therefore, a kind of High Purity based on electronic torch melting technology prepares the method for nickel base superalloy and urgently researched and developed.
The content of the invention
According to technical problem set forth above, and a kind of electronic torch melting technology High Purity is provided and prepares nickel base superalloy
Method.The present invention is based on the excellent refining condition of electron beam, fusion process and the process of setting water that to use two different
Cold copper crucible so that gained alloy does not have impurity enriched area, can increase substantially alloy cast ingot metallurgical quality, reduce simultaneously
The micronutrient levels such as C, N, P, O in alloy；Yield is improved, to more than 85%；The gross segregation control of alloy can be existed
In minimum scope, effectively shorten the time of the techniques such as subsequent heat treatment；Develop equipment and large-sized casting ingot engineering system can be achieved
It is standby.
The technological means that the present invention uses is as follows：
A kind of method that electronic torch melting technology High Purity prepares nickel base superalloy, there are following steps：
S1, raw material prepare
S11, pretreatment：Raw material using the ingot casting that VIM meltings obtain as electronic torch melting；By original before melting is carried out
The surface of material is polished, and removes cutting vestige, greasy dirt, impurity and the defect on raw material surface；Finally used in supersonic cleaning machine
Alcohol cleans up raw material；
S12, charging：The refining of melting intracavitary is added using the certain content of starting materials pre-processed as the raw material required for melting
In water jacketed copper crucible, remaining is placed on charging mechanism；
S2, melting prepare
S21, vacuum are taken out in advance：After charging, close fire door progress vacuum and take out in advance；
S22, pumping high vacuum：Vacuum exhausts complete in advance, and melting intracavitary, first gun gun body and the second electron gun gun body are taken out
High vacuum；
S23, filament pre-heating；
S3, melting
First gun is opened by console after filament pre-heating and starts melting, is slowly increased with 5~10mA/s speed
Add first gun line to determining technique, it is that first gun monitor system is 9~15kW to determine technique, first gun beam
Spot setting value is 10 × 10 (for the parameter shown by equipment, can set its value to change the size of beam spot), first gun beam
Spot size is φ 5mm~φ 50mm；
Control first gun beam spot movement locus makes the raw material in refining water jacketed copper crucible melt completely, now starts to melt
Timing is refined, when first gun smelting time reaches 2.5~15min, slowly reduces first gun line size and beam spot
While size, the melt refined in water jacketed copper crucible is poured slowly into solidification water jacketed copper crucible, and open the second electron gun
Start to carry out melting to the melt in solidification water jacketed copper crucible, the second electron gun line is slowly increased extremely with 5~10mA/s speed
Determined technique, it is that the second electron gun monitor system is 9~15kW to determine technique, and the second electron gun beam spot setting value is 10 × 10
(for the parameter shown by equipment, can set its value to change the size of beam spot), the second electron gun beam spot size is φ 5mm~φ
50mm；
During melt in refining water jacketed copper crucible is poured slowly into solidification water jacketed copper crucible, first gun beam spot begins
Eventually on melt, and keep its liquid；
When refine the melt in water jacketed copper crucible completely pour into solidification water jacketed copper crucible when, first gun line drops immediately
For 0, and recover the big as low as setting value 10 × 10 of first gun beam spot, start simultaneously at timing, and it is extensive to refine water jacketed copper crucible
Position when remelt refines, feeding device is opened, the raw material added required for melting；When the second electron gun smelting time reaches 2.5
During~15min, the second electron gun line is instantaneously dropped to 0, solidifies the melt in solidification water jacketed copper crucible；First is opened afterwards
Electron gun, start to the raw material melting in refining water jacketed copper crucible；
S4, repeat step S3, until the alloy of size needed for obtaining.
In the step S21, when the raw material of institute's melting is not oxidizable, in melting intracavitary vacuum≤10Pa, vacuum
Exhaust in advance complete；
When the raw material of institute's melting easily aoxidizes, in melting intracavitary vacuum<During 8Pa, pause vacuumizes, and to melting chamber
A certain amount of argon gas is inside passed through, when its interior air pressure is not in change, stops ventilation, carries out vacuum again and take out in advance, this process is carried out
After repeatedly, vacuum exhausts complete in advance.
In the step S22, after pumping high vacuum, melting intracavitary vacuum ＜ 5 × 10-2Pa, first gun gun body and
Two electron gun gun body vacuum ＜ 5 × 10-3Pa。
The first gun smelting time is equal to the second electron gun smelting time.
The time for opening the second electron gun is to pour into the melt refined in water jacketed copper crucible in solidification water jacketed copper crucible, is melted
Body covers solidification water jacketed copper crucible bottom surface or covers the alloy surface for solidifying and having been solidified in water jacketed copper crucible.
Raw material required for adding the melting every time will ensure the thickness that its molten state is poured onto after solidification water jacketed copper crucible
Degree is consistent and thickness is between 3~10mm.Because solidification water jacketed copper crucible can provide larger thermograde, cause melt cold
But speed is exceedingly fast, and because the thickness of melt is smaller, gross segregation is minimum after solidification.Also so that follow-up heat treatment is equal
The technique duration such as homogenize to shorten.
The present invention can increase substantially alloy cast ingot metallurgical quality, while reduce the micro member such as C, N, P, O in alloy
Cellulose content；Yield is improved to more than 85%；The gross segregation of alloy can be controlled in minimum scope, after effectively shortening
The time of the techniques such as continuous heat treatment；It is prepared by the engineering that large-sized casting ingot can be achieved.
The present invention can be widely popularized in fields such as alloy preparations for the foregoing reasons.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to do simply to introduce, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are this hairs
Some bright embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is that a kind of electronic torch melting technology High Purity prepares nickel base superalloy in embodiment of the invention
The equipment schematic diagram of method.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that water jacketed copper crucible is refined in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is to solidify water jacketed copper crucible and rotating device assembling schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
Part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the equipment schematic diagram for a kind of method that electronic torch melting technology High Purity prepares nickel base superalloy, described
Equipment includes charge door 1, charging mechanism slideway 2, charging mechanism 3, refines water jacketed copper crucible 4, refining copple lowering or hoisting gear 5, the
One electron gun 6, the second electron gun 7, solidify water jacketed copper crucible 8 and rotating device 10；
The charge door 1 is located at the top of melting chamber 9, and the charging aperture of the charging mechanism 3 is located under the charge door 1
End, the discharging opening of the charging mechanism 3 can add positioned at the top of the refining water jacketed copper crucible 4, the charging mechanism 3 along described
Material mechanism slideway 2 slides, make the charging mechanism 3 discharging opening be moved to by the side of the refining water jacketed copper crucible 4 it is another
Side, the bottom of the refining water jacketed copper crucible 4 are rotatablely connected by the side wall of rotating shaft and the melting chamber 9, the refining copple
Lowering or hoisting gear 5 is used to drive the refining water jacketed copper crucible 4 to rotate inclination, the solidification water jacketed copper crucible 8 around the rotating shaft
With the melting chamber 9 it is connected in the lower section of the inclined side of the refining water jacketed copper crucible 4 and by the rotating device 10, it is described
First gun 6 is positioned at the top of the refining water jacketed copper crucible 4, and second electron gun 7 is positioned at the solidification water-cooled copper earthenware
The top of crucible 8.
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, a kind of method that electronic torch melting technology High Purity prepares nickel base superalloy, have as follows
Step：
S1, raw material prepare
S11, pretreatment：Raw material using the ingot casting that VIM meltings obtain as electronic torch melting；By original before melting is carried out
The surface of material is polished, and removes cutting vestige, greasy dirt, impurity and the defect on raw material surface；Finally used in supersonic cleaning machine
Alcohol cleans up raw material；
S12, charging：The refining of melting intracavitary is added using the certain content of starting materials pre-processed as the raw material required for melting
In water jacketed copper crucible 4, remaining is placed on charging mechanism；
S2, melting prepare
S21, vacuum are taken out in advance：After charging, close fire door progress vacuum and take out in advance；
S22, pumping high vacuum：Vacuum exhausts complete, first gun 6 gun body interior to melting chamber 9 and the rifle of the second electron gun 7 in advance
Body pumping high vacuum；
S23, filament pre-heating；
S3, melting
First gun 6 is opened by console after filament pre-heating and starts melting, is slowly increased with 5~10mA/s speed
Adding the line of first gun 6, the present embodiment determines technique for the first electricity exemplified by refining IN718 high temperature alloys to technique is determined
The sub- monitor system of rifle 6 is 12kW, and the beam spot setting value of first gun 6 is 10 × 10, and the beam spot size of first gun 6 is φ 5mm
~φ 50mm；
The control beam spot movement locus of first gun 6 makes the raw material in refining water jacketed copper crucible 4 melt completely, now starts
Melting timing, when the smelting time of first gun 6 reaches 5min, slowly reduce the line size of first gun 6 and beam spot is big
While small, start the refining copple lowering or hoisting gear 5 and the rotating device 10, the melt in water jacketed copper crucible 6 will be refined
It is poured slowly into solidification water jacketed copper crucible 8, and opens the second electron gun 7 and start to carry out the melt in solidification water jacketed copper crucible 8
Melting, the line of the second electron gun 7 is slowly increased to technique is determined with 5~10mA/s speed, it is molten for the second electron gun 7 to determine technique
Downlink power is 12kW, and the beam spot setting value of the second electron gun 7 is 10 × 10, and the beam spot size of the second electron gun 7 is φ 5mm~φ
50mm；
During melt in refining water jacketed copper crucible is poured slowly into solidification water jacketed copper crucible, first gun beam spot begins
Eventually on melt, and keep its liquid；
When refine the melt in water jacketed copper crucible 4 completely pour into solidification water jacketed copper crucible 8 when, the line of first gun 6 is stood
0 is reduced to, and recovers the big as low as setting value 10 × 10 of the beam spot of first gun 6, starts simultaneously at timing, and water-cooled copper earthenware will be refined
Crucible 4 recovers position during melting, opens feeding device, the raw material added required for melting；When the smelting time of the second electron gun 7 reaches
During to 5min, the line of the second electron gun 7 is instantaneously dropped to 0, solidifies the melt in solidification water jacketed copper crucible 8；Is opened afterwards
One electron gun 6, start to the raw material melting in refining water jacketed copper crucible 4；
S4, repeat step S3, until the alloy of size needed for obtaining.
In the step S21, when the raw material of institute's melting is not oxidizable, in melting chamber 9 during vacuum≤10Pa, vacuum
Exhaust in advance complete；
When the raw material of institute's melting easily aoxidizes, the vacuum in melting chamber 9<During 8Pa, pause vacuumizes, and to melting
A certain amount of argon gas is passed through in chamber 9, when its interior air pressure is not in change, stops ventilation, carries out vacuum again and take out in advance, this process is entered
After row is multiple, vacuum exhausts complete in advance.
In the step S22, after pumping high vacuum, vacuum ＜ 5 × 10 in melting chamber 9-2Pa, the gun body of first gun 6 and
The gun body vacuum ＜ 5 × 10 of second electron gun 7-3Pa。
The time for opening the second electron gun 7 is that the melt refined in water jacketed copper crucible 4 is poured into solidification water jacketed copper crucible 8
In, melt covers the solidification bottom surface of water jacketed copper crucible 8 or covers the alloy surface for solidifying and having been solidified in water jacketed copper crucible 8.
Raw material required for adding the melting every time will ensure the thickness that its molten state is poured onto after solidification water jacketed copper crucible 8
Degree is consistent and thickness is between 3~10mm.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, either which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent substitution；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method that electronic torch melting technology High Purity prepares nickel base superalloy, it is characterised in that there are following steps：
S1, raw material prepare
S11, pretreatment：Raw material using the ingot casting that VIM meltings obtain as electronic torch melting；By raw material before melting is carried out
Surface is polished, and removes cutting vestige, greasy dirt, impurity and the defect on raw material surface；Alcohol is finally used in supersonic cleaning machine
Raw material is cleaned up；
S12, charging：The refining water cooling of melting intracavitary is added using the certain content of starting materials pre-processed as the raw material required for melting
In copper crucible, remaining is placed on charging mechanism；
S2, melting prepare
S21, vacuum are taken out in advance：After charging, close fire door progress vacuum and take out in advance；
S22, pumping high vacuum：Vacuum exhausts complete in advance, and Gao Zhen is taken out to melting intracavitary, first gun gun body and the second electron gun gun body
It is empty；
S23, filament pre-heating；
S3, melting
First gun is opened by console after filament pre-heating and starts melting, the is slowly increased with 5~10mA/s speed
One electron gun line is to technique is determined, and it is that first gun monitor system is 9~15kW to determine technique, and first gun beam spot is set
Definite value is 10 × 10, and first gun beam spot size is φ 5mm~φ 50mm；
Control first gun beam spot movement locus makes the raw material in refining water jacketed copper crucible melt completely, now starts melting meter
When, when first gun smelting time reaches 2.5~15min, slowly reduce first gun line size and beam spot size
While, the melt refined in water jacketed copper crucible is poured slowly into solidification water jacketed copper crucible, and open the second electron gun and start
Melting is carried out to the melt in solidification water jacketed copper crucible, being slowly increased the second electron gun line with 5~10mA/s speed extremely determines
Technique, it is that the second electron gun monitor system is 9~15kW to determine technique, and the second electron gun beam spot setting value is 10 × 10, second
Electron gun beam spot size is φ 5mm~φ 50mm；
During melt in refining water jacketed copper crucible is poured slowly into solidification water jacketed copper crucible, first gun beam spot exists all the time
On melt, and keep its liquid；
When refine the melt in water jacketed copper crucible completely pour into solidification water jacketed copper crucible when, first gun line is reduced to 0 immediately,
And recover the big as low as setting value 10 × 10 of first gun beam spot, timing is started simultaneously at, and refining water jacketed copper crucible is recovered molten
Position during refining, feeding device is opened, the raw material added required for melting；When the second electron gun smelting time reaches 2.5~
During 15min, the second electron gun line is instantaneously dropped to 0, solidifies the melt in solidification water jacketed copper crucible；The first electricity is opened afterwards
Sub- rifle, start to the raw material melting in refining water jacketed copper crucible；
S4, repeat step S3, until the alloy of size needed for obtaining.
2. the method that a kind of electronic torch melting technology High Purity according to claim 1 prepares nickel base superalloy, it is special
Sign is：In the step S21, when the raw material of institute's melting is not oxidizable, in melting intracavitary vacuum≤10Pa, vacuum is pre-
Exhaust complete；
When the raw material of institute's melting easily aoxidizes, in melting intracavitary vacuum<During 8Pa, pause vacuumizes, and leads to melting intracavitary
Enter a certain amount of argon gas, when its interior air pressure is not in change, stops ventilation, carry out vacuum again and take out in advance, this process carries out multiple
Afterwards, vacuum exhausts complete in advance.
3. the method that a kind of electronic torch melting technology High Purity according to claim 1 prepares nickel base superalloy, it is special
Sign is：In the step S22, after pumping high vacuum, melting intracavitary vacuum ＜ 5 × 10-2Pa, first gun gun body and second
Electron gun gun body vacuum ＜ 5 × 10-3Pa。
4. the method that a kind of electronic torch melting technology High Purity according to claim 1 prepares nickel base superalloy, it is special
Sign is：The first gun smelting time is equal to the second electron gun smelting time.
5. the method that a kind of electronic torch melting technology High Purity according to claim 1 prepares nickel base superalloy, it is special
Sign is：The time for opening the second electron gun is to pour into the melt refined in water jacketed copper crucible in solidification water jacketed copper crucible, is melted
Body covers solidification water jacketed copper crucible bottom surface or covers the alloy surface for solidifying and having been solidified in water jacketed copper crucible.
6. the method that a kind of electronic torch melting technology High Purity according to claim 1 prepares nickel base superalloy, it is special
Sign is：Raw material required for adding the melting every time will ensure the thickness that its molten state is poured onto after solidification water jacketed copper crucible
Consistent and thickness is between 3~10mm.
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| CN110423904A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-08 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of electron-beam smelting homogenizes the method that High Purity prepares Ni-Cr-Co-Fe-Mn high-entropy alloy |
| CN110423931A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-08 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of electron-beam smelting homogenizes the method for preparing Ti-Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta infusibility high-entropy alloy |
| CN110484742A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-22 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method that electron-beam smelting High Purity prepares Fe-W intermediate alloy |
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| CN110423931A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-08 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of electron-beam smelting homogenizes the method for preparing Ti-Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta infusibility high-entropy alloy |
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| US11981978B2 (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2024-05-14 | Dalian University Of Technology | Method for preparing high-purity nickel-based superalloy by electron beam induced refining and casting technology |
| CN111804890A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-23 | 秦喜顺 | Multistation casting equipment is used in control valve processing |
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| CN111910093A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-10 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Electron beam induced layer condensation device and method for preparing high-temperature alloy difficult to deform |
| CN112048624A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-08 | 大连理工大学 | Method for improving component uniformity of nickel-based high-temperature alloy through electron beam circulating overtemperature treatment |
| CN112048624B (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-08-03 | 大连理工大学 | Method for improving component uniformity of nickel-based high-temperature alloy through electron beam circulating overtemperature treatment |
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| CN112746183B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-02-18 | 大连理工大学 | Method for synchronously removing high-density impurities and low-density impurities in high-temperature alloy |
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