CN107567917B - Soft branch cuttage breeding method for ilex latifolia - Google Patents
Soft branch cuttage breeding method for ilex latifolia Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cuttage propagation of ilex latifolia soft branches, which comprises the following steps: 1) designing a slotting machine and compost; 2) cutting a substrate; 3) collecting ear strips; 4) cutting a and cutting time; b. a cutting method; 5. b, managing a and shading after the insertion; b. managing water; c. weeding; d. topdressing; 6) pest control; the propagation method firstly adopts the soft branch cuttage technology, improves the rooting rate and the rooting number of the cuttage seedlings through soft branch cuttage and cultivation, leads the seedlings to grow neatly, have high quality and robustness, and can realize the purpose of fast growing and high yield; and secondly, the matrix in the soft branch cutting process is improved, so that the sufficient nutrition of the cutting seedlings can be ensured, the survival rate of the cutting seedlings is improved, the waste can be utilized, the cost is saved, and the economic benefit is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for breeding ilex latifolia by soft branch cuttage.
Background
The Ilex latifolia (with the scientific name of Ilex latifolia Thunb.) is a evergreen big tree, the leaf is thick and leather, and is oblong or oval, and a pseudo-cone inflorescence consisting of a polypodium is grown in the axilla of a biennial branch without total stems; the flower is light yellow and green, the fruit is spherical, the fruit is red when ripe, the flowering phase is 4 months, and the fruit phase is 9-10 months. Growing in a mountain slope evergreen broad-leaved forest, irrigation bush or bamboo forest with the elevation of 250-1500 m. Distributed in Japan and China, Yangtze river, lower reaches, provinces, Fujian provinces, etc.
The conventional planting method of the ilex latifolia is to adopt a seed seedling method for seedling cultivation and then carry out greening large seedling cultivation, the traditional method has long seedling cultivation and cultivation time, the greening requirement cannot be met if the period is long, and the seedlings cannot be rapidly grown and have high yield; secondly, the existing ilex latifolia needs to be applied with a large amount of fertilizer in the planting process, particularly in the early planting stage, so that the investment cost is undoubtedly increased, and the economic benefit is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for breeding the ilex latifolia by soft branch cuttage, the breeding method firstly adopts the soft branch cuttage technology, improves the rooting rate and the rooting number of cuttage seedlings by soft branch cuttage and cultivation, leads the seedlings to grow neatly, have high quality and are robust, and can realize the purposes of fast growth and high yield; and secondly, the matrix in the soft branch cutting process is improved, so that the sufficient nutrition of the cutting seedlings can be ensured, the survival rate of the cutting seedlings is improved, the waste can be utilized, the cost is saved, and the economic benefit is high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method for cuttage propagation of the soft branches of the ilex latifolia comprises the following steps:
1) designing a slotting machine and compost: building bricks or cement to form a square slotting machine with the width of 100cm and the height of 20 cm; designing an earthworm high-efficiency composting box on the side surface or one end of the slotting machine, and generating a soil pollution-free fertilizer through the earthworm high-efficiency composting box;
2) cutting medium: a substrate layer is planted on the planting bed in a cuttage mode, and the substrate is disinfected by 0.5% potassium permanganate before planting;
3) ear harvesting: selecting current-year semi-lignified branches as mother spikes, selecting thick semi-lignified branches without diseases and insect pests and with plump axillary buds as spike strips, shearing the branches to have the length of about 8-10 cm, leaving at least 2-3 axillary buds in each section, and storing the branches in a shade place;
4) cutting
a. Cutting time: the cuttage time of the tender branches is preferably selected to be 5-6 months;
b. the cuttage method comprises selecting rainy day or evening, wherein the cuttage depth is 1/2 of the length of the cuttage, the plant-row spacing is 10cm × 15cm, and watering thoroughly after cuttage;
5. post-insertion management
a. Shading: after the transplanting, a small arched shed is built, the transplanting bed is inserted into two sides of the bed across the seedbed, the center is 50cm away from the transplanting bed surface, a plastic film with the thickness of 0.02mm is covered, and the peripheral films of the transplanting bed are compacted and sealed by a sealing film;
b. water content management: checking the sealing condition of the film, repairing the damaged film in time and replenishing water, and completely and uniformly pouring the water when replenishing water;
c. weeding;
d. topdressing: in the vigorous growth period of the nursery stock, 0.3 percent urea is used for watering once, and 0.3 percent urea is used for fertilizing once 15 days before the nursery stock is transplanted out of the nursery;
6) and (4) pest control.
Preferably, the efficient earthworm composting box in the step (1) specifically comprises a composting box body and a constant-speed feeding box arranged on the side surface of the composting box body, and a rain-shielding and sun-shielding protection shed is arranged on the composting box body and the constant-speed feeding box.
Preferably, a humidifying device, a heat preservation device and a three-stage adjustable ventilation device are arranged at the upper part in the compost box body, a living layer is arranged in the middle, a food layer is arranged at the lower part, and a connecting channel is arranged between the living layer and the food layer.
Preferably, the three-level adjustable ventilation devices are arranged on at least two side surfaces of the compost box body, each three-level adjustable ventilation device comprises two end connectors and three-level foldable ventilation plates which are connected between the two end connectors and arranged in parallel, each three-level foldable ventilation plate comprises a large-hole foldable ventilation plate, a middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate and a small-hole adjustable ventilation plate, adjusting parts are arranged at the upper ends of the large-hole foldable ventilation plate, the middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate and the small-hole adjustable ventilation plate, fixing parts are arranged at the lower ends of the large-hole foldable ventilation plate, the middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate and the small-hole adjustable ventilation plate, and movable pressing parts.
Preferably, four vertical guide rails are arranged in each end connector in parallel, the four guide rails form three adjusting cavities, the three adjusting cavities are respectively and correspondingly provided with the three-stage foldable ventilation board, and two ends of the adjusting part are respectively in sliding connection with the two guide rails corresponding to the adjusting part from left to right.
Preferably, the living layer sequentially comprises a bottom plate, a mud layer and an organic matter layer from bottom to top, and the thickness of the mud layer is 2-3 times of that of the organic matter layer.
Preferably, the upper end of the uniform-speed feeding box is provided with a feeding hopper, the uniform-speed feeding box is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is a material storage layer, the lower part is a water accumulation layer, the material storage layer and the water accumulation layer are separated through a draining screen plate, and the material storage layer is further provided with a horizontal pusher.
Preferably, the horizontal pusher comprises a pushing cylinder, a pushing rod and a plurality of pushing plates arranged on the pushing rod, and each pushing plate is provided with a circle of pushing teeth.
Preferably, the cutting substrate comprises vermiculite powder, river sand and loess, and the cutting substrate and the earthworm cast composted by the earthworm high-efficiency compost bin are uniformly mixed before cuttage.
Preferably, the ratio of the vermiculite powder to the river sand to the loess core is 3:5:2, and the ratio of the cutting matrix to the wormcast is 2: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, the propagation technology of the broadleaf holly is improved, a soft branch cutting mode is adopted, the cutting mode can ensure the excellent characteristics of a female parent, and the soft branch cutting technology is adopted, so that the rooting rate of the bred cutting seedlings is high, the seedlings are long and numerous, the cutting survival rate is high, the seedlings grow rapidly in the same year, the ideal ground diameter and height are reached, and the seedlings grow neatly, are high in quality and robust. The seedlings cultivated by the method are suitable for fast growing and high yield of the ilex latifolia and standardized cultivation, and the method has low seedling cultivation cost, high economic benefit, is easy to master by the masses and is convenient to popularize;
secondly, the earthworm compost box is designed in the cuttage process, the earthworm compost box is arranged for two purposes, firstly, a large amount of kitchen waste can be treated and recycled, but a large amount of fertilizer containing high-concentration nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements can be generated through the arrangement of the earthworm compost box, the earthworm manure is added into the substrate, so that the root system of the cuttage seedlings can grow faster and more developed, the strength of the stems can be higher, the earthworm manure is the best natural nutrition and fertilizer for plants, and the growth of the cuttage seedlings in the early stage can be promoted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an earthworm high-efficiency compost bin.
Fig. 2 is a side schematic view of the end connector.
Wherein: 101-compost bin body, 102-uniform feeding bin, 103-humidifying device, 104-heat preservation device, 105-living layer, 106-food layer, 107-connecting channel, 108-end connector, 109-sealing gate plate, 110-large hole foldable ventilation plate, 111-middle hole adjustable ventilation plate, 112-small hole adjustable ventilation plate, 113-adjusting part, 114-fixing part, 115-moving pressing part, 116-guide rail, 117-adjusting cavity, 118-bottom plate, 119-soil layer, 120-organic layer, 121-feeding hopper, 122-material storage layer, 123-water accumulation layer, 124-draining net plate, 125-material pushing cylinder, 126-material pushing rod, 127-material pushing plate, 128-material unloading inclined plate and 129-shackle, 130-hook head.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the embodiments.
Example (b): the method for cuttage propagation of the soft branches of the ilex latifolia comprises the following steps:
1) designing a slotting machine and compost: building bricks or cement to form a square slotting machine with the width of 100cm and the height of 20 cm; designing an earthworm high-efficiency composting box on the side surface or one end of the slotting machine, and generating a soil pollution-free fertilizer through the earthworm high-efficiency composting box;
2) cutting medium: a substrate layer is planted on the planting bed in a cuttage mode, and the substrate is disinfected by 0.5% potassium permanganate before planting; the cutting substrate comprises vermiculite powder, river sand and yellow core soil, the cutting substrate and the wormcast composted by the efficient earthworm composting box are uniformly mixed before cutting, the ratio of the vermiculite powder to the river sand to the yellow core soil is 3:5:2, and the ratio of the cutting substrate to the wormcast is 2: 1;
referring to fig. 1-2, the "efficient earthworm composting box" specifically comprises a composting box body 101 and a constant-speed feeding box 102 arranged on the side surface of the composting box body 101, wherein a rain-shielding and sun-shielding protection shed is arranged on the composting box body 101 and the constant-speed feeding box 102, and the earthworms like light, wind and rain, so that the problem is solved by arranging a protection shed; the upper part in the compost box body 101 is provided with a humidifying device 103, a heat preservation device 104 and a three-stage adjustable ventilation device, the middle part is provided with a living layer 105, the lower part is provided with a food layer 106, a connecting channel 107 is arranged between the living layer 105 and the food layer 106, the humidifying device 103 is that the upper end of the compost box body 101 is provided with a humidifying pipe, the humidifying pipe is provided with a row of spray heads, earthworms like a humid environment, so that particularly in summer, the living layer 105 needs to be humidified by the humidifying device 103 regularly, the heat preservation device 104 is a row of heating pipes arranged at the upper end of the compost box body 101, the temperature in the compost box body 101 is increased by the heating pipes after the temperature in winter drops or the temperature in the compost box body 101 drops, the temperature in the box body is kept between 15 and 20 ℃, the connecting channel 107 is arranged between the living layer 105 and the food layer 106, and living and food, the earthworms can be guaranteed to have a better rest and eat;
thirdly, the living layer 105 sequentially comprises a bottom plate 118, a soil layer 119 and an organic layer 120 from bottom to top, the thickness of the soil layer 119 is 2-3 times of that of the organic layer 120, the organic layer 120 is in the shape of chips formed by drying hay, straws and the like in the sun and then crushing the hay, the total thickness of the living layer 105 is 6-8cm, and the bottom plate 118 plays a role in supporting;
secondly, the three-level adjustable ventilation devices are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the compost box body 101, each three-level adjustable ventilation device comprises two end connectors 108 and three-level foldable ventilation plates which are connected between the two end connectors 108 and arranged in parallel, the side of the compost box body 101 is provided with an opening part corresponding to the three-level foldable ventilation plates, each three-level foldable ventilation plate comprises a large-hole foldable ventilation plate 110, a middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate 111 and a small-hole adjustable ventilation plate 112, the three ventilation plates are sequentially arranged from outside to inside according to the sequence of the reduction of ventilation holes, the upper ends of the large-hole foldable ventilation plate 110, the middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate 111 and the small-hole adjustable ventilation plate 112 are respectively provided with an adjusting part 113, the lower ends of the large-hole foldable ventilation plate, the middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate 111 and the small-hole, four vertical guide rails 116 are arranged in parallel in each end connector 108, three adjusting cavities 117 are formed by the four guide rails 116, the three adjusting cavities 117 are internally and correspondingly provided with the three-stage foldable ventilation plates, and two ends of the adjusting part 113 are respectively connected with the two guide rails 116 corresponding to the left and the right of the adjusting part in a sliding manner; the end connector 108 is a hollow square structure, the front side and the rear side of the end connector are open correspondingly, the two ends of the end connector 108 are also provided with sealing gate plates 109, the sealing gate plates 109 can be arranged to block the two sides of the opening or open the opening for ventilation, the sealing gate plates 109 are positioned at the outer sides of the two ends of the four guide rails 116, when the sealing gate plates 109 are opened, the three-stage foldable ventilation plates can be adjusted, the outermost guide rail 116 of the four guide rails 116 is a single-side guide rail 116, the inner two guide rails 116 are double-side guide rails 116, the two ends of the adjusting part 113 of the three ventilation plates are uniformly and correspondingly connected in a sliding manner, different ventilation holes are required to be adopted to ventilate the compost box body 101 in different seasons, and the ventilation structure can ensure that fresh air is contained in the earthworm compost box to keep the earthworms breathing, so that the large-hole foldable ventilation plate 110, the middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate 111 and the small-hole adjustable ventilation plate 112 can, 2cm, 1 cm's circular ventilation hole, when needing to adjust in the season of difference like this, only need press the removal of two of them ventilating boards to press the splenium 115 and slide downwards to will remove and press splenium 115 and fixed part 114 fixed connection post, remove and set up shackle 129 on pressing the splenium 115, set up gib head 130 on the fixed part 114, shackle 129 can be connected with gib head 130, and will ventilate the board folding back, that ventilating board that needs will become the ventilation structure, it is more convenient, and is swift, and ventilation effect is good.
In addition, a feed hopper 121 is arranged at the upper end of the uniform feeding box 102, the uniform feeding box 102 is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is a material storage layer 122, the lower part is a water accumulation layer 123, the material storage layer 122 and the water accumulation layer 123 are separated by a draining screen plate 124, a horizontal pusher is further arranged on the material storage layer 122, the horizontal pusher comprises a material pushing cylinder 125, a material pushing rod 126 and a plurality of material pushing discs 127 arranged on the material pushing rod 126, and each material pushing disc 127 is provided with a circle of material pushing teeth; the feed hopper 121 stores a large amount of kitchen waste, when earthworms eat the kitchen waste, the kitchen waste is firstly put into the material storage layer 122 through the feed hopper 121, a large amount of water in the kitchen waste can be drained off through the material storage layer 122, a water accumulation layer 123 exists, when the earthworms need to feed the kitchen waste, the material pushing cylinder 125 starts to push the kitchen waste to the food layer 106 under the action of the material pushing disc 127, the food layer 106 is fed through the feeding inclined plate 128, and the material storage layer 122 and the food layer 106 of the compost box body 101 are communicated and arranged for the earthworms to eat;
3) ear harvesting: selecting a current-year semi-lignified branch as a stock ear, selecting a thick semi-lignified branch without diseases and insect pests and with plump axillary buds as a spike strip, shearing the branch to have the length of about 8-10 cm, leaving at least 2-3 axillary buds in each section, wherein the cut is close to the internode or below the leaf axillary, adopting a cross section cut, keeping the lower end cut smooth, and placing the sheared cutting spike in a shade place;
4) cutting
a. Cutting time: the cuttage time of the tender branches is preferably selected to be 5-6 months;
b. the cuttage method comprises selecting rainy day or evening, wherein the cuttage depth is 1/2 of the length of the cuttage, the plant-row spacing is 10cm × 15cm, and watering thoroughly after cuttage;
5. post-insertion management
a. Shading: after the transplanting, a small arched shed is built, the transplanting bed is inserted into two sides of the bed across the seedbed, the center is 50cm away from the transplanting bed surface, a plastic film with the thickness of 0.02mm is covered, and the peripheral films of the transplanting bed are compacted and sealed by a sealing film;
and erecting a shading shed at the periphery of the small arched shed, and covering a shading net for shading. Covering a layer of sunshade net in spring and covering two layers in summer, wherein the sunshade rate is 75% -80%, and removing the sunshade net in winter and covering a layer of film;
b. water content management: checking the sealing condition of the film, repairing the damaged film in time and replenishing water, and completely and uniformly pouring the water when replenishing water;
c. weeding: weeding is carried out in time, early, good and except are removed, and the growth of the nursery stock is not influenced;
d. topdressing: in the vigorous growth period of the nursery stock, 0.3 percent urea is used for watering once, and 0.3 percent urea is used for fertilizing once 15 days before the nursery stock is transplanted out of the nursery;
6) and (3) pest control: if the root rot occurs, the plant can be irrigated with a 30% hymexazol 800 times liquid for preventing and treating;
and finally, performing archive management, wherein the archive management mainly comprises the labor and material consumption of various operations such as scion tree picking conditions, scion sources, nursery site positions, areas, cultivation management and the like.
The method specifies the contents of cutting bed preparation, matrix configuration, scion collection, cutting method, post-cutting management, disease and pest control, archive management and the like of the Ilex latifolia (Ilex latifolia thunb.) soft branch cutting seedling culture.
The method is suitable for the fast-growing and high-yield standardized cultivation of the ilex latifolia.
The invention adopts the soft branch cuttage technology, the rooting rate of the bred cuttage seedlings is high, the rooting length and the number are large, the cuttage survival rate is high, the seedlings grow rapidly in the same year, the ideal ground diameter and height are reached, and the seedlings grow neatly, in good quality and robust. The seedlings cultivated by the method are suitable for fast growing and high yield of the ilex latifolia and standardized cultivation, and the method has the advantages of low seedling cultivation cost, high economic benefit, easy grasp by the masses and convenient popularization.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (1)
1. The method for breeding the ilex latifolia through soft branch cuttage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) designing a slotting machine and compost: building bricks or cement to form a square slotting machine with the width of 100cm and the height of 20 cm; designing an earthworm high-efficiency composting box on the side surface or one end of the slotting machine, and generating a soil pollution-free fertilizer through the earthworm high-efficiency composting box;
2) cutting medium: a substrate layer is inserted on the cutting bed in a cuttage mode, and the substrate is disinfected by 0.5% potassium permanganate before the cuttage;
3) ear harvesting: selecting current-year semi-lignified branches as mother spikes, selecting thick semi-lignified branches without diseases and insect pests and with plump axillary buds as spike strips, shearing the branches to have the length of about 8-10 cm, leaving at least 2-3 axillary buds in each section, and storing the branches in a shade place;
4) cutting
a. Cutting time: the cuttage time of the tender branches is preferably selected to be 5-6 months;
b. the cuttage method comprises selecting rainy day or evening, wherein the cuttage depth is 1/2 of the length of the cuttage, the plant-row spacing is 10cm × 15cm, and watering thoroughly after cuttage;
5) post-insertion management
a. Shading: after the transplanting, a small arched shed is built, the transplanting bed is inserted into two sides of the bed across the seedbed, the center is 50cm away from the transplanting bed surface, a plastic film with the thickness of 0.02mm is covered, and the peripheral films of the transplanting bed are compacted and sealed by a sealing film;
b. water content management: checking the sealing condition of the film, repairing the damaged film in time and replenishing water, and completely and uniformly pouring the water when replenishing water;
c. weeding;
d. topdressing: in the vigorous growth period of the nursery stock, 0.3 percent urea is used for watering once, and 0.3 percent urea is used for fertilizing once 15 days before the nursery stock is transplanted out of the nursery;
6) the prevention and the treatment of plant diseases and insect pests,
the earthworm high-efficiency compost bin in the step 1) specifically comprises a compost bin body and a uniform-speed feeding bin arranged on the side surface of the compost bin body, wherein a rain-shielding and sun-shielding protection shed is arranged on the compost bin body and the uniform-speed feeding bin, a humidifying device, a heat-insulating device and a three-stage adjustable ventilation device are arranged at the upper part in the compost bin body, a living layer is arranged in the middle, a food layer is arranged at the lower part, a connecting channel is arranged between the living layer and the food layer, the three-stage adjustable ventilation device is arranged on at least two side surfaces of the compost bin body, each three-stage adjustable ventilation device comprises two end connectors and three-stage foldable ventilation plates which are connected between the two end connectors and arranged in parallel, and each three-stage foldable ventilation plate comprises a large-hole foldable ventilation plate, a middle-hole adjustable ventilation plate and a small-hole, the upper ends of the large-hole foldable ventilation board, the middle-hole adjustable ventilation board and the small-hole adjustable ventilation board are respectively provided with an adjusting part, the lower ends of the large-hole foldable ventilation board, the middle-hole adjustable ventilation board and the small-hole adjustable ventilation board are respectively provided with a fixing part, a movable pressing part is arranged on the adjusting part, four vertical guide rails are arranged in each end connector in parallel, the four guide rails form three adjusting cavities, the three adjusting cavities are respectively and correspondingly provided with the three-level foldable ventilation board, two ends of the adjusting part are respectively in sliding connection with the two guide rails corresponding to the adjusting part from left to right, the living layer sequentially comprises a bottom plate, a soil layer and an organic matter layer from bottom to top, the thickness of the soil layer is 2-3 times that of the organic matter layer, the upper end of the uniform-speed feeding box is provided with a feeding hopper, the uniform-speed feeding box is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the cutting medium comprises vermiculite powder, river sand and loess, the cutting medium is uniformly mixed with earthworm cast composted by the earthworm high-efficiency compost box before cutting, the ratio of the vermiculite powder to the river sand to the earthworm cast is 3:5:2, and the ratio of the cutting medium to the earthworm cast is 2: 1.
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| CN109699436A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-03 | 南京林业大学 | It is a kind of for cultivating the cultivation matrix of ilex verticillata container seedling |
| CN113940317A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-18 | 湖南新泰和绿色农业集团有限公司 | Wormcast treatment device and method for vegetable seedling substrate |
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| CN103553727B (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-02-18 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Full-automatic greenhouse earthworm reactor |
| CN105993789A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-12 | 武汉市农业科学技术研究院林业果树科学研究所 | North America holly tender branch cutting fast asexual propagation method |
| CN106105976A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-16 | 广西南宁十分园生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi |
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