CN107565590A - The mixed high-voltage DC transmission system sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation - Google Patents
The mixed high-voltage DC transmission system sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107565590A CN107565590A CN201710797852.1A CN201710797852A CN107565590A CN 107565590 A CN107565590 A CN 107565590A CN 201710797852 A CN201710797852 A CN 201710797852A CN 107565590 A CN107565590 A CN 107565590A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mixed high-voltage DC transmission system sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, in transmission system sending end using three-phase infinity voltage source connection rectification side current conversion station, the rectification side current conversion station includes the modularization multi-level converter MMC of converter power transformer and half-bridge MMC submodules, transverter MMC connections bipolar DC link in the rectification side current conversion station, it is connected in series with hybrid high voltage DC breaker respectively on the bipolar DC link, the bipolar DC link connects inverter side current conversion station, the inverter side current conversion station includes converter power transformer and line commutation transverter LCC, inverter side current conversion station connects receiving end AC system, the receiving end AC system uses the infinite bulk power grid of three-phase；Present system can resist the ac bus overvoltage that direct current locking is brought and dock the influence brought into wind-powered electricity generation, and can self-cleaning DC side failure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mixed high-voltage DC transmission system sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, belong to D.C. high voltage transmission skill
Art field.
Background technology
Because wind power resources are difficult in local effectively consumption, therefore wind-powered electricity generation is sent outside as study hotspot through HVDC.Pass
Line commutation transverter HVDC transmission system (line commutated converter the based HVDC, LCC- of system
HVDC) because with direction of tide is fixed, system transmission capacity is big and the quick advantage such as controllable of active power is widely used.But
LCC current conversion stations need to consume a large amount of reactive powers in normal operation, big to hold facilities such as the wave filters of compensating reactive power
Measure area.Particularly in transmission system direct current locking, wave filter is difficult to cut off in a short time, and the reactive power of redundancy will gush
Enter AC system to cause overvoltage and threaten the stable operation of Wind turbines.On the other hand, this is sent outside in such as offshore wind farm isolated island
In kind of specific situation, LCC needs the AC system of some strength to provide commutation voltage for it, and the wind-powered electricity generation field intensity of independent operating
It is weaker to be difficult to set up stable alternating voltage, therefore can not individually couple with LCC.
HVDC transmission system (modular multilevel converter based on modularization multi-level converter
Based HVDC, MMC-HVDC) it be able to need not be supported from commutation because it has, it is not necessary to reactive power compensator and active reactive independence
The advantages that control, increasingly attracts attention, and is well suited for wind-powered electricity generation and sends outside.But MMC-HVDC system costs are expensive, no image of Buddha LCC mono-
The problem of sample self-cleaning DC Line Fault, the overcurrent that DC side failure is brought can cause damage to devices such as IGBT.For price
Problem, with reference to LCC technology maturations, cost it is cheap with the Hybrid HVDC of MMC regulation performances comprehensive Design the advantages of good into
For a kind of good solution.At this stage mainly using rectification side LCC, inverter side MMC LCC-MMC mixing transmission of electricity moulds
Type.It is whole but such topological sending end has that LCC can not directly couple with wind-powered electricity generation and inverter side MMC DC voltage response speed is slow
The problem of stream side AC fault easily causes the cutout of DC current.
DC Line Fault processing for MMC sides has configuration AC breaker, using with DC Line Fault ride-through capability
Transverter two ways.Because AC breaker is mechanical switch, responsiveness is slow, is unfavorable for suppressing fault current with handing over directly
The recovery of streaming system；And there is modularization multi-level converter (full bridge of the fault ride-through capacity based on full-bridge submodule
Submodule based MMC, F-MMC), the problem of excessive economy of device is poor be present, the mould based on clamp Shuangzi module
Block multilevel converter (clamped double submodule based MMC, C-MMC) although reducing number of devices,
But parallel coupled in structure be present, two kinds of different charged states of connection in series-parallel occurs in bridge arm electric capacity after locking IGBT.
The content of the invention：
The present invention is to avoid the problems of above-mentioned prior art, there is provided a kind of mixing sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation is high
DC transmission system is pressed, can not stablize asking for sending end ac bus voltage in direct current locking to solve existing LCC-HVDC
Topic, while solve the problems, such as that MMC sides can not self-cleaning DC side failure.
The present invention solves technical problem and adopted the following technical scheme that：
The present invention be applied to wind-powered electricity generation send outside mixed high-voltage DC transmission system the characteristics of be：
The transmission system sending end is that three-phase infinity voltage source connects rectification side current conversion station, the rectification side current conversion station bag
Include the modularization multi-level converter MMC of sending end converter power transformer and half-bridge MMC submodules, the change of current in the rectification side current conversion station
Device MMC connection bipolar DC links, are connected in series with hybrid high voltage DC breaker respectively on the bipolar DC link,
The bipolar DC link connects inverter side current conversion station, and the inverter side current conversion station includes receiving end converter power transformer and line commutation
Transverter LCC, inverter side current conversion station connection receiving end AC system, the receiving end AC system is the infinite bulk power grid of three-phase.
The characteristics of mixed high-voltage DC transmission system that the present invention is sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, lies also in：The rectification side change of current
The sending end converter power transformer with filter action in standing uses Ynd connections, and the net side of sending end converter power transformer is connect using Y types
Line, valve side use △ type wiring；Described sending end converter power transformer one end connects sending end power network by AC circuit breaker, and the other end leads to
Cross start-up circuit connection transverter MMC；The start-up circuit is equipped with bypass breaker parallel with one another and starts resistance, starts
In, sending end AC system is charged by starting resistance to electric capacity in MMC submodules, passes through bypass breaker short circuit at the end of startup
Start resistance to reduce circuit loss；The transverter MMC has on three groups of three-phase a bridge arm under three groups of bridge arm and three-phase, and described three
Bridge arm connects positive DC circuit in three groups of phase, and bridge arm connects negative DC circuit under three groups of the three-phase.
The characteristics of mixed high-voltage DC transmission system that the present invention is sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, lies also in：The transverter MMC
In each bridge arm be in series by 76 sub- block coupled in series and 1 valve inductance, IGBT pipes T in the submodule1Colelctor electrode with
IGBT pipes T2Emitter stage connection, capacitor C one end and IGBT pipes T1Emitter stage connection, capacitor the C other end and IGBT
Pipe T2Colelctor electrode connection, with the IGBT pipes T1Inverse parallel has diode D1, with the IGBT pipes T2Inverse parallel has diode D2。
The characteristics of mixed high-voltage DC transmission system that the present invention is sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, lies also in：The hybrid high pressure
Dc circuit breaker is made up of bypass branch and main circuit breaker parallel connection；
The bypass branch is composed in series by supper-fast mechanical switch and electric current transfer switch；
The main circuit breaker is in series by multiple switch unit, and each switch element is equipped with the IGBT of some forward and reverse series connection
Pipe and anti-paralleled diode, each switch element are independently equipped with lightning rod and are used to absorb energy；
The characteristics of mixed high-voltage DC transmission system that the present invention is sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, lies also in：The line commutation changes
Stream device LCC has two groups of LCC sub-circuits；Each LCC sub-circuits are to be connected with direct current reactor with hybrid high voltage DC breaker
Connect, be connected with receiving end converter power transformer with the ac bus of receiving end AC system, in the direct current reactor and the receiving end change of current
12 pulse conversion devices are set between transformer；The valve side of the receiving end converter power transformer uses △ type wiring, and net side uses Y types
Wiring, alternating current filter and reactive power compensator, institute are equipped with the ac bus being connected with the receiving end converter power transformer
State alternating current filter parallel combination reactive power compensator and be grounded；12 pulse conversion devices are by two six pulse conversion devices
It is in series.
The characteristics of mixed high-voltage DC transmission system that the present invention is sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, lies also in：The line commutation changes
Stream device LCC uses to DC transmission system determines DC current IdcWith the combination control model for determining blow-out angle γ, wherein determining direct current
Flow IdcControl model controls inverter side DC line electric current, determines blow-out angle γ control models control inverter blow-out angle；The mould
Block multilevel converter MMC uses to DC transmission system determines DC voltage UdcWith determine alternating voltage UacCombination control mould
Formula, wherein determining DC voltage UdcControl model controls rectification side AC line voltage, determines alternating voltage UacControl model control is sent
Hold ac bus voltage.
The characteristics of mixed high-voltage DC transmission system that the present invention is sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, lies also in：The hybrid high pressure
The timing strategy that cut-offs of dc circuit breaker is：
0~t1：During system normal operation, rated current INFlowed through from bypass branch, main circuit breaker is off state, stream
Electric current through main circuit breaker is 0；
t1~t2：After generation DC line breaks down, the electric current for flowing through bypass branch rises；t2Moment, fault current reach
To setting value Ilim, obtaining electric current transfer switch and cut-off instruction, electric current transfer switch disconnects, while in triggering and conducting main circuit breaker
IGBT is managed, and fault current starts to shift to main circuit breaker；
t2~t3：Supper-fast mechanical switch recovers turn-off capacity with the reduction for flowing through itself electric current；t3At the moment, flow through electricity
The electric current that the Central Shanxi Plain is removed in circulation drops to 0, and supper-fast mechanical switch disconnects；
t3~t4：Continue to rise by the electric current of main circuit breaker, t4Moment, fault current reach limitation Imain, obtain main disconnected
Road device cut-offs instruction, and IGBT pipes trigger shut-off in main circuit breaker, and fault current turns to the energy absorption branch road being made up of lightning rod
Move；
t4~t5：Fault current gradually decays to 0, t5Moment disconnecting switch disconnects, and realizes Fault Isolation.
The characteristics of mixed high-voltage DC transmission system that the present invention is sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, lies also in：Dc circuit breaker is set
What control system was used to realizing the hybrid high voltage DC breaker cut-offs timing strategy；The dc circuit breaker control system
Set electric current transfer switch and main circuit breaker in breaker in advance according to fault characteristic cut-offs time instructions, the electric current transfer
The time instructions of cut-offfing of switch and main circuit breaker are analyzed from DC side transient fault and opened with hybrid high voltage DC breaker
The adaptive setting of disconnected timing strategy, is specifically carried out as follows：
Step 1, by mixed high-voltage DC transmission system is carried out respectively single-stage single-phase-to-earth fault analysis and it is bipolar short circuit therefore
Barrier analysis, assesses overcurrent degree caused by failure, determines to carry out the timing strategy that cut-offs of hybrid high voltage DC breaker
Adaptive setting；
Step 2, for single-stage single-phase-to-earth fault analysis, it can cause the short-term biasing of dc bus and AC voltage,
As failure terminates to recover rapidly, DC current can be because but small oscillations and occur very much for the short-term electric discharge of line mutual-ground capacitor
It is fast to recover, therefore extra safeguard measure need not be taken；For bipolar analysis of Short Circuit Fault, whole fault loop is carried out first
It is equivalent；It is equivalent including being carried out to the resistance in whole fault loop, inductance and electric capacity, draw the initial current condition and electricity of inductance
The initial voltage conditions of appearance, the electric discharge theory according to second-order circuit draw function expression of the fault current on the time；
Step 3, by fault current on being carried out curve fitting in the function input curve fitting tool of time, and by electric current
It is right with the intersection point of fault current matched curve institute that transfer switch and the respective drop-out current limit value addition longitudinal axis of main circuit breaker are tried to achieve
At the intersection point moment answered, instructed at the time of cut-offfing timing strategy control system as dc circuit breaker using the intersection point moment.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effect that：
1st, compared to the LCC-MMC mixing transmission of electricity models in prior art, the present invention is because using rectification side MMC inverter sides
LCC topological structure, therefore can directly couple wind power plant in sending end and provide commutation voltage without wind power plant for it, in direct current
System occurs by MMC itself the stable sending end ac bus voltage of reactive voltage control system can also to have during direct current locking
Effect prevent blower fan because overvoltage and caused by off-grid accident.
2nd, compared to the MMC-HVDC systems in prior art, the present invention is because of the topology using rectification side MMC inverter sides LCC
Structure, economy is more preferable, and all takes extra guarantor without rectification side MMC and inverter side LCC when DC line breaks down
Shield measure, LCC only can need to take safeguard measure by locking itself transverter disengagement failure in MMC sides.
3rd, the present invention is cut because having installed hybrid high voltage DC breaker additional on rectification side DC line compared to existing
Except the two ways of DC side failure, present system cuts off speed faster, therefore more preferable to the inhibition of fault current,
Excessive power electronic devices is avoided, economy is more preferable.
4th, the present invention is because combination DC side accident analysis and dc circuit breaker SECO strategy obtain direct current and broken in advance
Device each control unit in road cut-offs time instructions, cut-offs event compared to by directly setting each switch element drop-out current limit value criterion
Hinder electric current, the failure removal that delay is brought can be avoided not in time so that protection has more quick-action.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is present system topology diagram；
Fig. 2 is transverter MMC topology diagrams in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is MMC submodule topology diagrams in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is hybrid high voltage DC breaker structural topology figure in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is 12 pulse conversion devices structural topology figures in line commutation transverter LCC in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is line commutation transverter LCC control system architecture figures in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is transverter MMC control system architecture figures in the present invention；
Fig. 8 is that hybrid dc circuit breaker cut-offs timing diagram；
Fig. 9 is that bipolar short trouble first stage MMC submodule electric capacity injects short circuit current loop；
Figure 10 injects short circuit current loop for bipolar short-circuit second stage current conversion station；
Figure 11 is first stage discharge loop after bipolar short trouble；
Figure 12 is first stage single-ended single-phase equivalent circuit after bipolar short trouble；
Figure 13 is second stage discharge loop after bipolar short trouble；
Figure 14 is the single-ended single-phase equivalent circuit of second stage after bipolar short trouble；
Rectification side ac bus voltage analogous diagram when Figure 15 is DC transmission system bipolar locking；
Figure 16 is single-stage earth fault DC current analogous diagram；
Figure 17 is single-stage earth fault DC voltage analogous diagram；
Figure 18 is single-stage earth fault a cross streams voltage analogous diagrams；
Figure 19 is single-stage earth fault a cross streams current simulations figures；
Figure 20 is bipolar short trouble DC current analogous diagram；
Figure 21 is bipolar short trouble DC voltage analogous diagram；
Figure 22 is bipolar short trouble a cross streams voltage analogous diagram；
Figure 23 is bipolar short trouble a cross streams current simulations figure；
Figure 24 is the DC current peak value figure gone out according to accident analysis theoretical fitting；
Figure 25 reaches peak value moment figure for fitting DC current；
Figure 26 cut-offs time chart for fitting dc circuit breaker switch element；
Figure 27 is DC line fault map of current under the dc circuit breaker beginning；
Embodiment
Fig. 1 show the mixed high-voltage direct current transportation model topology structure sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, including sending end exchange system
System, sending end converter power transformer, rectification side MMC current conversion stations, bipolar DC link, hybrid high voltage DC breaker, both positive and negative polarity connect
Ground electric capacity, inverter side LCC current conversion stations, receiving end converter power transformer, receiving end ac bus reactive power compensator and receiving end AC system.
It is applied to the mixed high-voltage DC transmission system that wind-powered electricity generation is sent outside in the present embodiment to be arranged to：
As shown in figure 1, it is that three-phase infinity voltage source connects rectification side current conversion station, the rectification side change of current in transmission system sending end
Stand the modularization multi-level converter MMC including sending end converter power transformer and half-bridge MMC submodules, the change of current in rectification side current conversion station
Device MMC connection bipolar DC links, are connected in series with hybrid high voltage DC breaker respectively on bipolar DC link, bipolar
DC line connects inverter side current conversion station, and inverter side current conversion station includes receiving end converter power transformer and line commutation transverter LCC, inverse
Become side current conversion station connection receiving end AC system, receiving end AC system is the infinite bulk power grid of three-phase.
The sending end converter power transformer with filter action in rectification side current conversion station uses Ynd connections, sending end change of current transformation
The net side of device uses Y type wiring, and valve side uses △ type wiring；Sending end converter power transformer one end connects sending end by AC circuit breaker
Power network, the other end connect transverter MMC by start-up circuit；Start-up circuit is equipped with bypass breaker parallel with one another and starts electricity
Resistance, in startup, sending end AC system is charged by starting resistance to electric capacity in MMC submodules, disconnected by bypassing at the end of startup
Road device short circuit starts resistance to reduce circuit loss；Transverter MMC has on three groups of three-phase a bridge arm under three groups of bridge arm and three-phase, and three
Bridge arm connects positive DC circuit in three groups of phase, and bridge arm connects negative DC circuit under three groups of three-phase.Using rectification side MMC inversions
Side LCC topological structure, therefore can directly couple wind power plant in sending end and provide commutation voltage without wind power plant for it, straight
Also sending end ac bus voltage can be stablized by MMC itself reactive voltage control system when direct current locking occurs for streaming system,
Effectively prevent blower fan because overvoltage and caused by off-grid accident.Using rectification side MMC inverter sides LCC topological structure, warp
Ji property is more preferable, and all takes extra safeguard measure without rectification side MMC and inverter side LCC when DC line breaks down,
LCC only can need to take safeguard measure by locking itself transverter disengagement failure in MMC sides.Because in rectification side AC line
Hybrid high voltage DC breaker is installed on road additional, compared to the two ways of existing excision DC side failure, present invention system
System cuts off speed faster, therefore more preferable to the inhibition of fault current, it also avoid excessive power electronic devices, economy
More preferably.
It is respectively transverter MMC topological structures and MMC submodule topological structures shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, each bridge arm includes 76
Individual submodule and 1 valve inductance, transverter MMC includes 6 bridge arms in the present embodiment, and transverter MMC each bridge arm is by 76
Submodule and 1 valve inductance are in series, and MMC submodules include 2 IGBT pipes, 2 diodes and a capacitor, MMC
IGBT pipes T in module1Colelctor electrode and IGBT pipes T2Emitter stage connection, capacitor C one end and IGBT pipes T1Emitter stage connect
Connect, capacitor the C other end and IGBT pipes T2Colelctor electrode connection, with IGBT pipes T1Inverse parallel has diode D1, with IGBT pipes T2
Inverse parallel has diode D2。
As shown in figure 4, hybrid high voltage DC breaker is made up of bypass branch and main circuit breaker parallel connection in the present embodiment,
Wherein, bypass branch is composed in series by supper-fast mechanical switch and electric current transfer switch, and main circuit breaker is by multiple switch unit string
Connection forms, and each switch element is equipped with the IGBT pipes of some forward and reverse series connection and anti-paralleled diode, each switch element are independently equipped with
Lightning rod is used to absorb energy.Combine that mechanical dc circuit breaker is stable, band using hybrid high voltage DC breaker
The characteristics of loading capability is strong, on-state loss is small and the solid-state direct-current killer switch moment is accurate controllable, the reliability high life is long, full
Sufficient wind-powered electricity generation can reliably remove MMC ends DC side failure on the basis of sending voltage class outside.
Fig. 5 show 12 pulse conversion devices structural topology figure in line commutation transverter LCC, and power network changes in the present embodiment
Phase transverter LCC has two groups of LCC sub-circuits；Each LCC sub-circuits are with direct current reactor and hybrid high voltage DC breaker
It is connected, is connected with receiving end converter power transformer with the ac bus of receiving end AC system, in direct current reactor and the receiving end change of current
12 pulse conversion devices are set between transformer；The valve side of receiving end converter power transformer uses △ type wiring, and net side is connect using Y types
Line, alternating current filter and reactive power compensator, ac filter are equipped with the ac bus being connected with receiving end converter power transformer
Device parallel combination reactive power compensator is simultaneously grounded；12 pulse conversion devices are in series by two six pulse conversion devices.
As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, line commutation transverter LCC determines direct current to DC transmission system use in the present embodiment
Flow IdcWith determine blow-out angle γ combination control model, wherein determining DC current IdcControl model control inverter side DC line electricity
Stream, determine blow-out angle γ control models control inverter blow-out angle；Modularization multi-level converter MMC uses to DC transmission system
Determine DC voltage UdcWith determine alternating voltage UacCombination control model, wherein determining DC voltage UdcControl model controls rectification side
AC line voltage, determine alternating voltage UacControl model controls sending end ac bus voltage.
The LCC of line commutation transverter shown in Fig. 6 adjusts DC current I by PI controllersdcIt is controllable with blow-out angle γ, output
Measure Trigger Angle α；Wherein, the reference value of DC current comes from current limiting low-voltage link VDCOL, and current limiting low-voltage link VDCOL can be
DC current instruction is limited when DC voltage drops into some designated value, reduces the possibility of commutation failure, and promote
The fault recovery of straight-flow system.Ac bus voltage U is determined shown in Fig. 7acControl model can stablize sending end ac bus voltage,
MMC control systems include system-level control, the control of transverter level and the control of valve level from high to low；Wherein system-level control reception has
Work(power class reference quantity and reactive power class reference quantity；Active class control includes determining active-power P control, determines DC voltage UdcControl
Make and determine frequency f controls；Idle class control includes determining reactive power Q control and determines alternating voltage UacControl；The system-level control of top layer
System is determined that the control of bottom valve level is then that the pulse signal of output transverter is instructed according to reference voltage by system operation demand；Change
The level control of stream device is the watt current i by controlling injection power networkdWith reactive current iqRealize the independent decoupling of system-level controlled quentity controlled variable
Control, control the reference voltage that output quantity is transverter AC port；The master of mixed high-voltage DC transmission system in the present embodiment
The access that to want purposes be sending end wind-powered electricity generation is sent outside, therefore stable using determining ac bus voltage U for sending end ac bus voltageac
Control model；Meanwhile in MMC-HVDC systems both ends change of current stand control must one and only one MMC be in determine DC voltage
UdcUnder control model, because system only has rectification side to use MMC transverters, used in rectification side and determine UdcDetermine UacCombine control model；
Compared to the control of indirect current, the Direct Current Control used in the present embodiment can quickly track MMC-HVDC transient state change
Change, current response rate is fast, and its running is smaller by transient state or fault condition.
The present embodiment is set to solve the problems, such as caused by the bipolar short trouble of MMC sides DC line that fault current is too high
Hybrid high voltage DC breaker, be illustrated in figure 8 hybrid high voltage DC breaker cut-offs timing diagram, cut-offs timing strategy
For：
0~t1：During system normal operation, rated current INFlowed through from bypass branch, main circuit breaker is off state, stream
Electric current through main circuit breaker is 0；
t1~t2：After generation DC line breaks down, the electric current for flowing through bypass branch rises；t2Moment, fault current reach
To setting value Ilim, obtaining electric current transfer switch and cut-off instruction, electric current transfer switch disconnects, while in triggering and conducting main circuit breaker
IGBT is managed, and fault current starts to shift to main circuit breaker；
t2~t3：Supper-fast mechanical switch recovers turn-off capacity with the reduction for flowing through itself electric current；t3At the moment, flow through electricity
The electric current that the Central Shanxi Plain is removed in circulation drops to 0, and supper-fast mechanical switch disconnects；
t3~t4：Continue to rise by the electric current of main circuit breaker, t4Moment, fault current reach limitation Imain, obtain main disconnected
Road device cut-offs instruction, and IGBT pipes trigger shut-off in main circuit breaker, and fault current turns to the energy absorption branch road being made up of lightning rod
Move；
t4~t5：Fault current gradually decays to 0, t5Moment disconnecting switch disconnects, and realizes Fault Isolation.
In specific implementation, dc circuit breaker control system is set, it is single to give each switch using dc circuit breaker control system
Member cut-offs time instructions, including electric current transfer switch cut-offs time instructions t2Time instructions t is cut-off with main circuit breaker4, so as to realize
Hybrid high voltage DC breaker cut-offs timing strategy；Dc circuit breaker control system sets open circuit in advance according to fault characteristic
Electric current transfer switch and main circuit breaker cut-off time instructions in device, and electric current transfer switch and main circuit breaker cut-off time instructions
The adaptive setting for cut-offfing timing strategy from the analysis of DC side transient fault with hybrid high voltage DC breaker, it is specific by such as
Lower step is carried out：
Step 1, by mixed high-voltage DC transmission system is carried out respectively single-stage single-phase-to-earth fault analysis and it is bipolar short circuit therefore
Barrier analysis, assesses overcurrent degree caused by failure, determines to carry out the timing strategy that cut-offs of hybrid high voltage DC breaker
Adaptive setting；
Step 2, for single-stage single-phase-to-earth fault analysis, it can cause the short-term biasing of dc bus and AC voltage,
As failure terminates to recover rapidly, DC current can be because but small oscillations and occur very much for the short-term electric discharge of line mutual-ground capacitor
It is fast to recover, therefore extra safeguard measure need not be taken；For bipolar analysis of Short Circuit Fault, whole fault loop is carried out first
It is equivalent；It is equivalent including being carried out to the resistance in whole fault loop, inductance and electric capacity, draw the initial current condition and electricity of inductance
The initial voltage conditions of appearance, the electric discharge theory according to second-order circuit draw function expression of the fault current on the time；
Step 3, by fault current on being carried out curve fitting in the function input curve fitting tool of time, and by electric current
It is right with the intersection point of fault current matched curve institute that transfer switch and the respective drop-out current limit value addition longitudinal axis of main circuit breaker are tried to achieve
At the intersection point moment answered, instructed at the time of timing strategy control system is cut-off using the intersection point moment as dc circuit breaker.
Dc circuit breaker is obtained in advance with reference to DC side accident analysis and dc circuit breaker SECO strategy respectively controls list
Member cut-offs time instructions, can be with compared to by directly setting each switch element drop-out current limit value criterion to cut-off fault current
Avoid the failure removal that delay is brought not in time so that protection has more quick-action.
For the signified single-stage single-phase-to-earth fault analysis of step 2, so that plus earth failure occurs for transmission system as an example, failure hair
After life, the potential reference point of DC side changes, if cathode voltage is Up, cathode voltage Un, now UpIt is reduced to 0, UnIt is right
Ground voltage rises to Udc；MMC ends transformer valve side winding uses delta connection as shown in Figure 1 so that ground wire can not be with exchanging
Side forms current loop, therefore is not in earth current in theory；MMC DC sides bipolar DC link is big by one respectively
Resistance eutral grounding, is approximately open circuit, and the discharge path with fault ground point is also not present in each module capacitance；It is in Practical Project because straight
Flow Line head effect and discharged by earth point, along with the end of repid discharge, both positive and negative polarity earth current gradually declines
It is kept to 0.Inverter side LCC take Given current controller and can when short trouble occurs for DC side quick lock current conversion station, can be with
Ignore its contribution to fault current.
In terms of AC, by taking a phases as an example, loop voltage meets formula (1) during steady-state operation：
ua1With ua2Respectively a phases upper and lower bridge arm voltage, UsaFor a cross streams side output voltage, UpAnd UnChange as above institute
State, and upper and lower bridge arm voltage keeps constant because bridge arm electric capacity has neither part nor lot in electric discharge, therefore AC output voltage biases, ua1
Fall and ua2Single electrode voltage value of ascensional range when being normal operation discharged back because not produced with AC
Road, so valve side alternating current is not affected.As long as the pressure-resistant and insulating properties of circuit and alternating current equipment preferably and failure
Cut off within a short period of time, system can be with safe and stable operation；As failure can not quickly be cut off, system can also keep single-stage or
Brownout operation, it is not necessary to take extra safeguard measure.
For bipolar short trouble signified in step 2, the protection device in a period of time after the generation of bipolar short trouble
MMC lockings can be triggered, therefore the transient process after failure can be divided into before current conversion station locking and latter two stage of locking, remains unchanged herein
Inverter side LCC influence is not considered, reason is identical with single-stage single-phase-to-earth fault analysis.
As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10, locking prior fault electric current is mainly derived from the submodule electric capacity of input and led in the present embodiment
IGBT pipes T1 electric discharges and the inductance continuous current discharge electricity on top are crossed, fault current is then from AC network through the pole of inverse parallel two after locking
Tube discharge and inductance continuous current discharge electricity, the submodule electric capacity not put into is eliminated in figure.
It is as shown in figure 11 first stage discharge loop after bipolar short trouble, AC power network resistance and inductance are respectively
RSAnd LS, LVFor every mutually single bridge arm valve inductance.DC line resistance and inductance are respectively R between every grade of current conversion station and trouble pointL
And LL.The fault current of DC line is three groups of bridge arm discharge current sums, and three-phase upper and lower bridge arm electric capacity and valve inductance are mutual
Between it is in parallel, therefore equivalent inductance L is：L=(2/3) LV+2LL, substitutional resistance R is：R=2RL+RCO, wherein RCOTo be bipolar short
Contact resistance during road.Because in all submodule electric capacity of the front upper and lower bridge arm of locking as input and excision have been involved in electric discharge,
Submodule is equivalent to series connection in each bridge arm, equivalent to parallel connection between bridge arm, so equivalent capacitance C is：C=6CS/ n, wherein CS
For transverter unit submodule electric capacity, n is the mono- bridge arm submodule quantities of MMC.Instant of failure capacitance voltage and inductive current, it is known that
And R is less than in systemTherefore the discharge loop is the second order underdamped oscillation discharge circuit of a known primary condition.
It is as shown in figure 12 first stage single-ended single-phase equivalent circuit after bipolar short trouble, primary condition such as formula (2)：
UC(0+) and UC(0—) it is respectively capacitance voltage, I (0 after capacitance voltage and failure before single bridge arm failure+) and I (0—)
Equivalent circuit electric current, U respectively before and after failuredcFor single-stage DC voltage, I1For normal operation when DC line electric current, according to two
The Current calculation formula of rank circuit oscillation discharge process can obtain, fault loop electric current IfSuch as formula (3)：
Capacitance voltage UCSuch as formula (4)：
In formula：
Fault current shown in formula (3) is oscillatory extinction function, then IfDerived function is made first since 0 to t after t derivations
At the time of point for 0 is that discharge loop reaches maximum discharge current, shown in formula (5)：
For formula (5) can not direct solution go out time t, function that need to be using the left-hand component of formula (5) as time t, and
Abscissa corresponding to first intersection point of itself and transverse axis is found by matched curve, at the time of as discharge current is to peaking.
It is as shown in figure 13 second stage discharge loop after bipolar short trouble, is discharged back in the present embodiment in the presence of two
Road, it is that AC system passes through anti-paralleled diode feed-in current loop and reactance continuous current circuit respectively.
Pass through inverse parallel as shown in figure 14 for the single-ended single-phase equivalent circuit of second stage after bipolar short trouble, AC system
Diode feed-in current loop, and form reactance continuous current circuit；If the inductive current initial value after converter blocking is I2, exchange system
System voltage beWherein ωsFor AC system angular frequency, then the stage upper bridge arm current I2up(t) He Xiaqiao
Arm electric current I2down(t) as shown in formula (6)：
When freewheel current decays to 0, bridge arm current occurs reverse.After reaching stable state, there is direct current biasing in bridge arm current.
Protection device just triggered AC circuit breaker tripping operation when usual second stage fault current does not reach stable state, and the
Single order segment fault electric current is far above second stage and reaches the time of peak value earlier than MMC lockings.
It is that the rectification side in bipolar locking exchanges LCC-HVDC with the Hybrid HVDC system in PSCAD as shown in figure 15
Busbar voltage simulation comparison figure.The locking moment be arranged on 4s, U1 and U2 be respectively LCC DC transmission systems in the lockout condition not
Excision emulates with voltage during surgical filtering device, and U3 is that the voltage of MMC-LCC Hybrid HVDC systems emulates, and a reference value is
320kV.LCC DC transmission systems will be regardless of whether surgical filtering device alternating voltage peak will all exceed as seen from Figure 15
1.6p.u, even and if the steady-state value after surgical filtering device also in 1.3p.u or so, its safe operation will be threatened by such as accessing wind-powered electricity generation.
And the transient peaks of alternating voltage are controlled in 1.1p.u in Hybrid HVDC system, and soon by powerless control system
To 1.0p.u, its safe and stable operation not off-grid can be ensured by such as accessing wind-powered electricity generation for compensation.Therefore the transmission system phase can be proved
There is advantage on wind power integration point voltage is stablized than LCC-HVDC.
Such as the DC current analogous diagram that Figure 16 is single-stage earth fault, Figure 17 is that the DC voltage of single-stage earth fault emulates
Figure, Figure 18 are a cross streams voltage analogous diagrams of single-stage earth fault, and Figure 19 is a cross streams current simulations of single-stage earth fault
Figure.Failure triggering moment is arranged to 5 seconds, and the failure removal moment is arranged to 5.1 seconds.By analogous diagram it can be seen that：Earth fault is only
The short-term biasing of dc bus and AC voltage can be caused, as failure terminates to recover rapidly.DC current can because
The short-term electric discharge of line mutual-ground capacitor occurs but small oscillations and recovered quickly, therefore need not take extra safeguard measure.
Such as the DC current analogous diagram that Figure 20 is bipolar short trouble, Figure 21 is that the DC voltage of bipolar short trouble emulates
Figure, Figure 22 are a cross streams voltage analogous diagrams of bipolar short trouble, and Figure 23 is a cross streams current simulations of bipolar short trouble
Figure.Fault moment is arranged to 5s, and the MMC locking moment is arranged to 5.01s, and the AC circuit breaker tripping operation moment is arranged to as 5.1s.Directly
Flow Line fault current peak value appears in 5.0057s, 5.01s at the time of being faster than converter blocking；Peak value reaches 32.85kA.Knot
The fault current curve that box-like (3), formula (5) and table 1 are calculated and obtained by curve matching is as shown in figure 24, fault current
It is as shown in figure 25 to reach peak value moment, wherein DC side fault current is further to be derived to get by bridge arm current formula, therefore
What the curve reflected is the variation tendency of bridge arm current.For DC line fault electric current, the matched curve is only focused on from 0
Moment reaches the part of peak value moment to first time.
Table 1 is parameter needed for bipolar short circuit calculation, as follows：
It is 35.32kA that direct fault current peak value can be obtained as shown in Figure 24, is to peaking required time shown in Figure 25
0.0053s, it is consistent with actual result, error have ignored the priority of capacitor discharge time from equivalent circuit, so drawing
Current peak can be slightly above actual value, and the time to peaking can be slightly before actual value.Direct current when being run with systematic steady state
On the basis of electric current is 1.8kA, physical fault current peak reaches 18.25p.u, exceeds well over system safety operation maximum 5p.u's
Standard, serious threat system safety, it is therefore necessary to install breaker excision failure additional.
Convolution (3) cut-offs sequential correlation theory with dc circuit breaker, and is found intersection as shown in figure 26 by curve matching,
Wherein electric current transfer switch disconnects time instructions t2For 0.00013s, main circuit breaker disconnects time instructions t4For 0.00158s, will count
Calculate moment input direct-current breaker to cut-off in control system, emulation obtains dc circuit breaker and cut-offs lower DC line fault electric current such as
Shown in Figure 27.It can be seen that fault current is controlled in cutout main branch cut-off current limit value i.e. below the 5p.u of 9kA by effective, and
Whole interrupting process meets dc circuit breaker and cut-offs requirement and system overcurrent limit value within 5ms, it was demonstrated that the computational methods
The fault current for effectively suppressing the bipolar short trouble of DC side can be drawn.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of mixed high-voltage DC transmission system sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, it is characterized in that：
The transmission system sending end is that three-phase infinity voltage source connects rectification side current conversion station, and the rectification side current conversion station includes sending
Hold the modularization multi-level converter MMC of converter power transformer and half-bridge MMC submodules, transverter in the rectification side current conversion station
MMC connection bipolar DC links, are connected in series with hybrid high voltage DC breaker, institute respectively on the bipolar DC link
Bipolar DC link connection inverter side current conversion station is stated, the inverter side current conversion station includes receiving end converter power transformer and line commutation changes
Device LCC is flowed, inverter side current conversion station connection receiving end AC system, the receiving end AC system is the infinite bulk power grid of three-phase.
2. the mixed high-voltage DC transmission system according to claim 1 sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, it is characterized in that：It is described whole
The sending end converter power transformer with filter action in stream side current conversion station uses Ynd connections, and the net side of sending end converter power transformer is adopted
With Y type wiring, valve side uses △ type wiring；Described sending end converter power transformer one end connects sending end power network by AC circuit breaker,
The other end connects transverter MMC by start-up circuit；The start-up circuit is equipped with bypass breaker parallel with one another and starts electricity
Resistance, in startup, sending end AC system is charged by starting resistance to electric capacity in MMC submodules, disconnected by bypassing at the end of startup
Road device short circuit starts resistance to reduce circuit loss；The transverter MMC has on three groups of three-phase bridge under three groups of bridge arm and three-phase
Arm, bridge arm connection positive DC circuit on three groups of the three-phase, bridge arm connection negative DC circuit under three groups of the three-phase.
3. the mixed high-voltage DC transmission system according to claim 2 sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, it is characterized in that：It is described to change
Each bridge arm is in series by 76 sub- block coupled in series and 1 valve inductance in stream device MMC, IGBT pipes T in the submodule1Collection
Electrode and IGBT pipes T2Emitter stage connection, capacitor C one end and IGBT pipes T1Emitter stage connection, the capacitor C other end
With IGBT pipes T2Colelctor electrode connection, with the IGBT pipes T1Inverse parallel has diode D1, with the IGBT pipes T2Inverse parallel has two
Pole pipe D2。
4. the mixed high-voltage DC transmission system according to claim 1 sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, it is characterized in that：It is described mixed
Box-like high voltage DC breaker is made up of bypass branch and main circuit breaker parallel connection；
The bypass branch is composed in series by supper-fast mechanical switch and electric current transfer switch；
The main circuit breaker is in series by multiple switch unit, each switch element be equipped with some forward and reverse series connection IGBT pipes and
Anti-paralleled diode, each switch element are independently equipped with lightning rod and are used to absorb energy.
5. the mixed high-voltage DC transmission system according to claim 1 sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, it is characterized in that：The electricity
Net commutation transverter LCC has two groups of LCC sub-circuits；Each LCC sub-circuits are broken with direct current reactor and hybrid HVDC
Road device is connected, and is connected with receiving end converter power transformer with the ac bus of receiving end AC system, in the direct current reactor and
12 pulse conversion devices are set between receiving end converter power transformer；The valve side of the receiving end converter power transformer uses △ type wiring, net
Side uses Y type wiring, and alternating current filter and idle benefit are equipped with the ac bus being connected with the receiving end converter power transformer
Device is repaid, the alternating current filter parallel combination reactive power compensator is simultaneously grounded；12 pulse conversion devices are by two six
Pulse conversion devices are in series.
6. the mixed high-voltage DC transmission system according to claim 1 sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, it is characterized in that：The electricity
Net commutation transverter LCC uses to DC transmission system determines DC current IdcWith the combination control model for determining blow-out angle γ, wherein
Determine DC current IdcControl model controls inverter side DC line electric current, determines the γ control models control inverter blow-out of blow-out angle
Angle；The modularization multi-level converter MMC uses to DC transmission system determines DC voltage UdcWith determine alternating voltage UacGroup
Control model is closed, wherein determining DC voltage UdcControl model controls rectification side AC line voltage, determines alternating voltage UacControl mould
Formula controls sending end ac bus voltage.
7. the mixed high-voltage DC transmission system according to claim 4 sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, it is characterized in that：It is described mixed
The timing strategy that cut-offs of box-like high voltage DC breaker is：
0~t1：During system normal operation, rated current INFlowed through from bypass branch, main circuit breaker is off state, flows through master
The electric current of breaker is 0；
t1~t2：After generation DC line breaks down, the electric current for flowing through bypass branch rises；t2At the moment, fault current, which reaches, to be set
Definite value Ilim, obtain electric current transfer switch and cut-off instruction, electric current transfer switch disconnects, while IGBT in triggering and conducting main circuit breaker
Pipe, fault current start to shift to main circuit breaker；
t2~t3：Supper-fast mechanical switch recovers turn-off capacity with the reduction for flowing through itself electric current；t3At the moment, flow through electric current and turn
The electric current for removing the Central Shanxi Plain drops to 0, and supper-fast mechanical switch disconnects；
t3~t4：Continue to rise by the electric current of main circuit breaker, t4Moment, fault current reach limitation Imain, obtain main circuit breaker
Instruction is cut-off, IGBT pipes trigger shut-off in main circuit breaker, and fault current shifts to the energy absorption branch road being made up of lightning rod；
t4~t5：Fault current gradually decays to 0, t5Moment disconnecting switch disconnects, and realizes Fault Isolation.
8. the mixed high-voltage DC transmission system according to claim 7 sent outside suitable for wind-powered electricity generation, it is characterized in that：Set straight
What stream breaker control system was used to realizing the hybrid high voltage DC breaker cut-offs timing strategy；The dc circuit breaker
Control system sets the time instructions of cut-offfing of electric current transfer switch and main circuit breaker in breaker according to fault characteristic in advance, described
The time instructions of cut-offfing of electric current transfer switch and main circuit breaker are broken from the analysis of DC side transient fault with hybrid HVDC
The adaptive setting for cut-offfing timing strategy of road device, is specifically carried out as follows：
Step 1, by carrying out single-stage single-phase-to-earth fault analysis and bipolar short trouble point respectively to mixed high-voltage DC transmission system
Analysis, overcurrent degree caused by failure is assessed, determine the hybrid high voltage DC breaker of progress cut-offs adjusting for timing strategy
Calculate；
Step 2, for single-stage single-phase-to-earth fault analysis, it can cause the short-term biasing of dc bus and AC voltage, with
Failure terminates to recover rapidly, and DC current can be because but small oscillations and extensive quickly occur for the short-term electric discharge of line mutual-ground capacitor
It is multiple, therefore extra safeguard measure need not be taken；For bipolar analysis of Short Circuit Fault, whole fault loop is carried out first etc.
Value；It is equivalent including being carried out to the resistance in whole fault loop, inductance and electric capacity, draw the initial current condition and electric capacity of inductance
Initial voltage conditions, according to second-order circuit electric discharge theory draws function expression of the fault current on the time；
Step 3, by fault current on being carried out curve fitting in the function input curve fitting tool of time, and electric current is shifted
Switch and the main circuit breaker respective drop-out current limit value addition longitudinal axis try to achieve with the intersection point of fault current matched curve corresponding to
At the intersection point moment, instructed at the time of cut-offfing timing strategy control system as dc circuit breaker using the intersection point moment.
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| CN111799751B (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2022-10-04 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司南京供电分公司 | Flexible controller direct current unit fault current calculation method and system |
| CN113555893A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-26 | 华北电力大学 | Offshore wind power direct current sending-out system structure based on current source converter and control strategy thereof |
| CN113595125A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-02 | 许继集团有限公司 | Transient overvoltage control method and device for high-voltage direct-current power transmission system |
| CN113595125B (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2024-05-10 | 许继集团有限公司 | Transient overvoltage control method and device for high-voltage direct-current transmission system |
| CN116316786A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-06-23 | 长江三峡集团实业发展(北京)有限公司 | New energy direct current delivery system without conventional power supply support |
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