CN107561246B - Landslide model test device - Google Patents
Landslide model test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107561246B CN107561246B CN201710910744.0A CN201710910744A CN107561246B CN 107561246 B CN107561246 B CN 107561246B CN 201710910744 A CN201710910744 A CN 201710910744A CN 107561246 B CN107561246 B CN 107561246B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a landslide model test device which comprises a model frame, a landslide model and a loading device. The landslide model is positioned inside the model frame and used for simulating landslide; the loading device is positioned above the landslide model and penetrates through the model frame, and is used for applying load to the top side slope of the landslide model to enable the landslide model to slide, and applying load to the top side slope of the landslide model through one or more of concentrated loading, uniform loading and dynamic loading. The invention applies different loads to the landslide model through the loading device, simulates the change of external force conditions of the landslide and realizes the landslide simulation under various external force conditions. By arranging the model frame, the landslide model is suitable for a landslide model with a larger size, meets the test requirement of a large landslide model, and avoids the influence of the boundary effect of the frames on two sides on a small and medium landslide model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geological disaster model tests, in particular to a landslide model test device.
Background
China is a country with multiple geological disasters such as landslides, collapses, debris flows and the like, wherein landslides often have the characteristics of outburst, high frequency and destructiveness, are the second natural disasters which are generally acknowledged to be second only to earthquakes, and are one of the geological disasters which are the widest scope, the longest damage end and the longest time and are faced by human beings. In order to effectively prevent and control landslide, a landslide physical model test is one of the most effective means for researching landslide generation rules, can be used for checking the accuracy of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation calculation results, and can also be used for directly guiding the design and construction of engineering practice.
Although the research and development of the landslide physical model test device promote the development of geomechanical model test research to a certain extent, certain limitations or defects still exist:
(1) the scale size of the traditional landslide model test device is small, so that the landslide physical model is obviously influenced by the boundary effect of the frames at two sides in the test process; part of the landslide physical model test device is only suitable for teaching, a small model frame is made of transparent materials to show the landslide forming process, and the actual landslide cannot be simulated similarly;
(2) the change of the stress condition of the landslide is difficult to simulate, the external force boundary condition of the landslide is not constant in the evolution process, and the existing test device cannot realize the simulation of a complete landslide geomechanical model by applying external load.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a landslide model test apparatus to solve the problem that it is difficult for the conventional landslide model test apparatus to simulate a change in a landslide stress condition.
In order to achieve the above object, the landslide model test apparatus of the present invention includes:
a model frame;
the landslide model is positioned inside the model frame and used for simulating landslide; and
and the loading device is positioned above the landslide model, penetrates through the model frame and is used for applying load to the top slope of the landslide model so as to enable the landslide model to slide, and the load is applied to the top slope of the landslide model through one or more of concentrated loading, uniform loading and dynamic loading.
Preferably, the loading device comprises a servo actuator and a loading plate, the servo actuator is arranged at the top of the model frame, the loading plate is arranged between the servo actuator and the landslide model and is in contact with the landslide model, and the servo actuator applies dynamic load to a top slope of the landslide model through the loading plate.
Preferably, the loading device comprises an axial pressurizing oil cylinder and a loading rod, the axial pressurizing oil cylinder is arranged at the top of the model frame, one end of the loading rod is connected with the axial pressurizing oil cylinder, one end of the loading rod is connected with the landslide model, and the axial pressurizing oil cylinder transmits load to a top side slope of the landslide model in a concentrated manner through the loading rod.
Further, preferably, the loading device further comprises uniformly distributed loading beams and a loading plate, the loading plate is located at the top of the landslide model and is in contact with a top side slope of the landslide model, the uniformly distributed loading beams are located between the loading plate and the loading rod, the axial pressurizing oil cylinder transmits load to the loading plate sequentially through the loading rod and the uniformly distributed loading beams, and the load is uniformly transmitted to the top side slope of the landslide model through the loading plate.
Preferably, the landslide model comprises a slide bed, a sliding surface and a landslide body, the top of the landslide body is a top slope of the landslide model, and the sliding surface is located between the slide bed and the landslide body.
Furthermore, the sliding bed comprises a limiting beam and an epoxy resin plate, the limiting beam is used for limiting the transverse displacement of the sliding bed, and the limiting beam and the epoxy resin plate are arranged at intervals.
Further, the surface of the sliding surface is covered with a plastering layer.
Further, the landslide body is tamped and filled in layers in the model frame by the same or similar materials.
Preferably, the maximum height of the landslide model is 1600 mm.
Preferably, the model frame is internally provided with a model base plate, the landslide model is placed on the model base plate, and the side wall of the model frame surrounds the landslide model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the landslide simulation system and the landslide simulation method, different loads are applied to the top of the landslide model through the loading device, the change of external force conditions of the landslide is simulated, three different loading schemes of concentrated loading, uniform loading and dynamic loading can be selected respectively according to actual requirements, the three-dimensional space model meeting geometrical similarity conditions compared with real landslides is established, and the landslide simulation under various external force conditions is realized. The landslide model is placed on the model base plate, the maximum height can reach 1600 mm, the test requirement of a large-scale landslide model is met, and the influence of the boundary effect of frames on two sides on a small-scale landslide model is avoided. The invention has the advantages of open structure and flexible and convenient installation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a landslide model test apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways, or combinations thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. Furthermore, in the present description, the drawings are not to scale and like reference numerals refer to like parts.
The present embodiment is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the landslide model test apparatus of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the landslide model test apparatus of the present invention includes a model frame 1, a landslide model, and a loading device. The landslide model is positioned inside the model frame 1 and used for simulating landslide; the loading device is positioned above the landslide model and penetrates through the model frame 1, and is used for applying load to the top slope of the landslide model so as to enable the landslide model to slide, and the load is applied to the top slope of the landslide model through one or more of concentrated loading, uniform loading and dynamic loading. The load is applied to the landslide model through the loading device, different external force conditions of the landslide are simulated, and the landslide simulation under various external force conditions is realized. The large-size landslide model is suitable for a landslide model with a large size by arranging the large model frame, the maximum height of the landslide model is preferably 1600 mm, the test requirement of the large-size landslide model is met, and the influence of the boundary effect of the frames on two sides on the small and medium-size landslide models is avoided.
Preferably, the model frame 1 has a model pad 2 inside, the landslide model is placed on the model pad 2, the sidewall 21 of the model frame 1 surrounds the landslide model, and the sidewall 21 is used for limiting the boundary displacement on both sides of the landslide model.
Because the external force boundary condition of the landslide is not constant in the evolution process, when working conditions such as the landslide is acted by simulating dump loading of a refuse dump and the landslide is acted by stacking building material loads around a foundation pit, additional acting force needs to be applied to the landslide test device to simulate the change of the external force condition.
Preferably, dynamic loading is achieved by: the loading device includes a servo actuator (not shown) disposed on the top of the model frame 1 to be placed perpendicularly to the top of the model frame 1, and a loading plate 9 disposed between the servo actuator and the landslide model and in contact with the landslide model. The servo actuator applies a pulsating exciting force under the action of external electric power, and applies dynamic load to the top slope of the landslide model through the loading plate 9, so that the stability problem of the landslide under the action of the dynamic load is simulated.
Preferably, the centralized loading and the uniform loading are realized by the following modes: the loading device comprises an axial pressurizing oil cylinder 10 and a loading rod 8, one end of the loading rod 8 is connected with the axial pressurizing oil cylinder 10, and the other end of the loading rod is connected with a top side slope of the landslide model. Wherein, the axial pressurizing cylinders 10 are arranged on the top and two sides of the model frame 1, but the axial pressurizing cylinders 10 on two sides are not used in the invention, and the invention applies load to the landslide model through the axial pressurizing cylinders 10 arranged on the top of the model frame 1. Specifically, the axial pressurizing oil cylinder 10 transmits load to the top slope of the landslide model in a concentrated mode through the loading rod 8, the stability problem of the landslide under the concentrated load action condition is simulated, and the applied load is adjusted by adjusting the axial pressure of the axial pressurizing oil cylinder 10.
Further, the loading device can further comprise uniformly distributed loading beams 7 and loading plates 9, the uniformly distributed loading beams 7 and the loading plates 9 are arranged at the top of the landslide model and located between the loading rod 8 and a slope at the top of the landslide model, one end of the loading rod 8 is connected with the axial pressurizing oil cylinder 10, the other end of the loading rod 8 is connected with the uniformly distributed loading beams 7, the uniformly distributed loading beams 7 are connected with the loading plates 9, the loading plates 9 are located at the top of the landslide model and are in contact with the slope at the top of the landslide model, the uniformly distributed loading beams 7 are located between the loading plates 9 and the loading rod 8, the axial pressurizing oil cylinder 10 sequentially transmits loads to the uniformly distributed loading beams 7 and the loading plates 9 through the loading rods 8, and the loads are uniformly transmitted to the slope at the top of the landslide model through the loading plates 9 for simulating.
In the invention, the servo actuator and the axial pressurizing oil cylinder can exist simultaneously and do not interfere with each other.
It should be noted that the method can respectively select three different loading schemes of concentrated loading, uniform loading and dynamic loading according to actual needs, realize landslide simulation under the action of various external forces, and analyze the stability problem of landslides under different loading schemes, thereby establishing a real weight landslide three-dimensional space model meeting geometric similarity conditions.
Preferably, the landslide model comprises a slide bed, a sliding surface 4 and a landslide body 3, wherein the top of the landslide body 3 is a top side slope of the landslide model. The sliding surface 4 is positioned between the sliding bed and the sliding body 3. Preferably, the slider bed comprises a limiting beam 6 and an epoxy resin plate 5, wherein the limiting beam 6 is used for limiting the lateral displacement of the slider bed, the limiting beam 6 is arranged at a distance from the epoxy resin plate 5, and the epoxy resin plate 5 is formed by curing an epoxy resin material or directly fills the epoxy resin material between two adjacent limiting beams 6 for curing. The epoxy resin plate 5 has the characteristics of high strength and strong contractibility, and can effectively reduce the error of landslide observation data in the process of applying load.
Preferably, the surface of the slip surface 4 is covered with a plastering layer for reducing the sliding friction coefficient, the plastering layer can be prepared by mixing cement and mortar with the ratio of 1:1 on the surface of the sliding bed, and the sliding surface is constructed by slurry lifting and press polishing to reduce the sliding friction coefficient. Preferably, the landslide body 3 is tamped and filled in a model frame layer by the same or similar materials, the similar materials are uniformly configured, the water content is constant, and the soil pressure gauge and the inclinometer can be embedded into the landslide body through drilling to measure the soil pressure and the displacement inside the landslide. The loading device is positioned between the top of the landslide body and the model frame, and loads are applied to the landslide body through the loading device to simulate the sliding of the landslide body under the action of external force.
The method for carrying out the landslide simulation test by using the landslide model test device comprises the following steps:
(1) design and installation of landslide test device
Aiming at research requirements, sizes of a model frame and a landslide model in the generalized landslide similarity model are drawn up according to a similarity principle.
In a preferred embodiment, a landslide body of the landslide model is made of similar materials which are uniformly configured and have constant water content; the surface of the sliding surface is covered with a plastering layer, and a part of the landslide model is constructed in the form of an artificial sliding bed and the sliding surface. The ratio of the surface of the slide bed is 1:1, preparing a plastering layer by using the cement and the mortar, and reducing the sliding friction coefficient by slurry extraction and press polishing; the sliding bed comprises limiting beams, the limiting beams are used for limiting the transverse relative displacement of the sliding bed, and the middles of the adjacent limiting beams are solidified and filled with epoxy resin materials.
(2) Loading landslide model and data processing analysis
And (3) comprehensively considering the actual situation, and loading the top surface of the landslide body by using three different loading modes of applying concentrated load, uniformly distributed load and dynamic load to the landslide model respectively. After the loading process of the landslide model is completed, the stability of the landslide under the action of different loading loads is analyzed according to test data collected by relevant instruments and equipment, such as soil pressure, absolute displacement inside the landslide and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A landslide model test apparatus comprising:
a model frame; the landslide model is placed on the model base plate, the side wall of the model frame surrounds the landslide model, and the side wall is used for limiting boundary displacement of two sides of the landslide model;
the landslide model is positioned in the model frame and used for simulating landslide, and the maximum height of the landslide model is 1600 mm; and
the loading device is positioned above the landslide model and penetrates through the model frame, and is used for applying load to the top slope of the landslide model so as to enable the landslide model to slide, and applying load to the top slope of the landslide model through one or more of concentrated loading, uniform loading and dynamic loading;
the loading device comprises a servo actuator and a loading plate, the servo actuator is arranged at the top of the model frame, the loading plate is arranged between the servo actuator and the landslide model and is in contact with the landslide model, the servo actuator applies a pulsating exciting force to the loading plate, and dynamic load is applied to a top slope of the landslide model through the loading plate;
the loading device further comprises an axial pressurizing oil cylinder and a loading rod, the axial pressurizing oil cylinder is arranged at the top of the model frame, one end of the loading rod is connected with the axial pressurizing oil cylinder, the other end of the loading rod is connected with the landslide model, and the axial pressurizing oil cylinder transmits load to a top side slope of the landslide model in a concentrated mode through the loading rod;
the servo actuator and the axial pressurizing oil cylinder are vertically arranged at the top of the model frame and do not interfere with each other.
2. The landslide model test apparatus of claim 1,
the loading device further comprises uniformly distributed loading beams and a loading plate, the loading plate is located at the top of the landslide model and is in contact with a top side slope of the landslide model, the uniformly distributed loading beams are located between the loading plate and the loading rod, the axial pressurizing oil cylinder transmits load to the loading plate sequentially through the loading rod and the uniformly distributed loading beams, and the load is uniformly transmitted to the top side slope of the landslide model through the loading plate.
3. The landslide model test apparatus of claim 1,
the landslide model comprises a landslide bed, a sliding surface and a landslide body, wherein the top of the landslide body is a top side slope of the landslide model, and the sliding surface is located between the landslide bed and the landslide body.
4. The landslide model test apparatus of claim 3,
the sliding bed comprises a limiting beam and an epoxy resin plate, the limiting beam is used for limiting the transverse displacement of the sliding bed, and the limiting beam and the epoxy resin plate are arranged at intervals.
5. The landslide model test apparatus of claim 3 wherein said slip surface is surface coated with a render layer.
6. The landslide model test apparatus of claim 3,
the landslide body is tamped and filled in the model frame layer by the same or similar materials.
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| CN201710910744.0A CN107561246B (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2017-09-29 | Landslide model test device |
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| CN201710910744.0A CN107561246B (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2017-09-29 | Landslide model test device |
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| CN109783991B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-07-31 | 河海大学 | Landslide sliding process simulation method without known bottom sliding surface |
| CN110398578A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-11-01 | 山东黄金矿业科技有限公司深井开采实验室分公司 | A kind of three-dimensional load different water cut landslide experimental rig |
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