Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a guide cover structure for enhancing the wall cooling effect. According to the structure, the air guide cover is added at the air outlet of the air film hole, and cooling gas is blocked by the air guide cover, so that cooling efficiency in the direction (or transverse direction, z direction in fig. 2) perpendicular to the central line of the wall surface and the central line of the wall surface (or expanding direction, x direction in fig. 2) in the horizontal plane of the wall surface at the downstream of the air guide cover outlet is improved, and the structure is suitable for other cooling hole type structures.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the air guide sleeve structure for enhancing the cooling effect of the wall surface comprises an air film hole and the wall surface, wherein an air outlet of the air film hole is positioned in an upstream area of the wall surface; the air guide sleeve comprises two side walls, a top straight section and a main flow facing section, an air guide sleeve cavity is arranged in an area surrounded by the two side walls, the top straight section and the main flow facing section, and the air guide sleeve cavity is completely covered above an air outlet of the air film hole; the upstream end of the air guide sleeve is sealed into a main flow facing section, and the downstream end of the air guide sleeve is provided with an outlet; the width of the outlet is the maximum width e of the dome cavity, and the height of the outlet is the maximum height a of the dome cavity; the ratio of the maximum width e of the air guide sleeve cavity to the aperture d of the air film hole is 1.5-2.5, the ratio of the maximum length g of the air guide sleeve cavity to the aperture d of the air film hole is 1.7-2.5, the ratio of the distance j between the front end of the air outlet of the air film hole and the inner wall of the front end of the air guide sleeve to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0-0.5, and the ratio of the distance i between the rear end of the air outlet of the air film hole and the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.25-0.5.
Compared with the prior art (cylindrical air film hole), the invention adds the guide cover on the basis of the cylindrical hole, reduces the speed of the vertical wall surface of the cooling gas outlet through the blocking effect of the inner wall of the guide cover on the cooling gas, increases the transverse speed of the cooling gas, can still enable the cold air to be close to the wall surface without arranging grooves or bulges, and obviously improves the transverse cooling efficiency of the wall surface. Meanwhile, the outlet speed of the air flow along the direction vertical to the wall surface is reduced, and the cooling air cannot blow off the wall surface under the condition of high blowing ratio (the blowing ratio is more than 0.8), so that the invention is also applicable to the condition of high blowing ratio.
When the blowing ratio is more than 1, almost all cooling gas emitted by the cylindrical gas film holes in the conventional cylindrical gas film hole structure is flushed into the main flow, so that the cooling effect on the wall surface is extremely low; the cooling gas emitted from the outlet of the air guide sleeve structure can cover the downstream wall surface without considering the influences of the grooving and the bulge structure, the transverse and spanwise cooling efficiency of the wall surface is obviously improved, and the wall surface is well protected. Besides, the invention has the advantages of good stability, simple structure, convenient implementation, low price and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a pod of an embodiment of a pod structure for enhancing wall cooling effect according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the front view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a right-side view schematically showing the structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6a is a graph showing the cooling efficiency distribution of the downstream wall surface of the film hole in example 1 of the present invention at a blowing ratio of 1.0;
FIG. 6b is a graph showing the cooling efficiency distribution of the downstream wall surface of a gas film hole of the conventional cylindrical gas film hole structure under the condition that the blowing ratio is 1.0;
FIG. 6c is a graph showing the cooling efficiency of the downstream wall surface of the film hole in example 4 of the present invention at a blowing ratio of 1.0;
FIG. 6d is a graph showing the cooling efficiency distribution of the downstream wall surface of a conventional conical discrete gas film hole under the condition of a blowing ratio of 1.0;
fig. 7a is a graph comparing the distribution of film cooling efficiency at a 3-fold aperture (x/d=3) of the downstream wall surface of the film hole of the conventional cylindrical film hole structure (or conventional structure) and the film hole of embodiment 1 of the present invention when the blowing ratio is 1.0;
fig. 7b is a graph comparing the distribution of film cooling efficiency at 15 times the aperture (x/d=15) of the downstream wall surface of the film hole of the conventional cylindrical film hole structure and the film hole of the embodiment 1 of the present invention when the blowing ratio is 1.0;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the distribution of film cooling efficiency at the center line (z/d=0) of the downstream wall surface of the film hole in the conventional cylindrical film hole structure and the film hole in the embodiment 1 of the present invention, when the blowing ratio is 1.0;
FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram illustrating the cooling principle of a pod structure for enhancing the cooling effect of the wall surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 9b is a front view of the cooling principle of the air guide sleeve structure for enhancing the cooling effect of the wall surface according to the invention;
FIG. 10a is a schematic diagram showing the front view of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 10b is a schematic top view of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 10c is a right-side view schematically illustrating the structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic top view of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic top view of embodiment 4 of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-air film hole, 2-wall surface, 3-air guide sleeve, 11-air film hole air inlet, 12-air film hole air outlet, 31-windward flow section, 32-air guide sleeve cavity, 33-side wall, 34-top straight section and 35-outlet.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples and drawings, which are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
The invention relates to a guide cover structure for enhancing a wall cooling effect (a structure for short, see fig. 1-5), which comprises a gas film hole 1, a wall 2 and a guide cover 3, wherein a gas film hole gas outlet 12 is positioned in an upstream area of the wall, the guide cover 3 is positioned above the gas film hole gas outlet and is symmetrical (shown in fig. 4) about the direction (x direction) of the center line of the wall; the air guide sleeve 3 comprises two side walls 33, a top straight section 34 and a main flow facing section 31, an air guide sleeve cavity 32 is arranged in an area surrounded by the two side walls 33, the top straight section 34 and the main flow facing section 31, the air guide sleeve cavity 32 is completely covered above an air outlet of the air film hole, the upstream end of the air guide sleeve is sealed to form the main flow facing section, an outlet 35 is arranged at the downstream end of the air guide sleeve, the width of the outlet 35 is the maximum width e of the air guide sleeve cavity, and the height of the outlet is the maximum height a of the air guide sleeve cavity; the ratio of the maximum width e of the air guide sleeve cavity to the aperture d of the air film hole is 1.5-2.5, the ratio of the maximum length g of the air guide sleeve cavity (the length refers to the direction along the gas flow) to the aperture d of the air film hole is 1.7-2.5, the ratio of the distance j between the front end of the air film hole and the inner wall of the front end of the air guide sleeve to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0-0.5, and the ratio of the distance i between the rear end of the air film hole and the outlet 35 to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.25-0.5.
The structure of the invention is further characterized in that the ratio of the wall thickness b of the straight section at the top of the air guide sleeve to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.25-0.5, the ratio of the wall thickness f of the two side walls to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.25-0.5, the ratio of the maximum wall thickness c of the air guide sleeve on the main flow section to the aperture of the air film hole is 0.125-0.5, and the ratio of the maximum height a of the air guide sleeve cavity to the aperture of the air film hole is 0.125-0.5.
The structure of the invention is further characterized in that the shape of the air film hole 1 can be a geometric topological structure such as a cylindrical hole, a conical hole, a crescent hole or a cone hole, and when the air film hole is in an irregular shape, the aperture d of the air film hole refers to the aperture of the air film hole corresponding to the air inlet of the air film hole.
The invention is further characterized in that the geometry of the main flow-facing section 31 of the pod may be streamlined or non-streamlined, such as rectangular, circular arc, elliptical cylindrical, etc.
The invention is further characterized in that the included angle alpha between the center line of the air film hole and the wall surface is 20-70 degrees.
The invention is further characterized in that the structure is provided with a plurality of air film holes on the wall surface at equal intervals in the transverse direction. The number of the air film holes is calculated according to actual needs.
The invention is further characterized in that the ratio of the transverse width w of the wall surface to the aperture of the air film hole is 5-10.
The invention relates to a guide cover structure for enhancing a wall surface cooling effect, which is characterized in that the shape of a guide cover and the shape of a hole of a gas film, the maximum height a of a guide cover cavity, the maximum length g of the guide cover cavity, the maximum width e of the guide cover cavity, the distance j between the front end of a gas film hole outlet and the inner wall of the guide cover front end, the distance i between the rear end of the gas film hole outlet and an outlet 35, the included angle alpha between the center line of the gas film hole and the wall surface and the transverse arrangement quantity of the gas film hole outlet play a decisive role in influencing the downstream cooling effect. In the high-blowing-ratio environment, the air film hole can reduce the separation speed of the outlet cooling gas in the direction vertical to the wall surface (y direction in fig. 2) due to the blocking of the air guide cover, so that the cool air can flow out by adhering to the wall, and the cooling effect is further improved. By changing the maximum height a of the dome chamber, the maximum length g of the dome chamber and the maximum width e of the dome chamber, the transverse coverage area of cooling gas on the downstream wall surface can be changed, and the transverse cooling efficiency of the wall surface can be further increased.
The cooling principle of the air guide sleeve structure for enhancing the wall cooling effect (see fig. 9a and 9 b) is as follows: cooling gas n enters the dome cavity 32 through the gas film hole gas outlet 12, the velocity of the cooling gas in the direction perpendicular to the wall surface (y direction) is reduced due to the blocking effect of the dome wall, and meanwhile, the velocity of the cooling gas in the transverse direction (z direction) is increased, so that the cooling gas can be well covered on the wall surface when being mixed with the main flow m through the dome outlet 35, and the transverse and spanwise cooling efficiency of the downstream wall surface is improved. The invention has more obvious effect on the condition of high blowing ratio (the blowing ratio is more than 0.8).
According to the invention, the air outlet of the air film hole can be completely covered by the air guide sleeve cavity, and the size of the air guide sleeve is limited by the size of the air outlet.
In the specification and the drawings, x represents the incoming flow direction of a parallel wall surface, y represents the normal direction of the wall surface, z represents the direction perpendicular to the incoming flow direction and the normal direction of the wall surface, the transverse direction refers to the z-axis direction, and the expanding direction refers to the x-axis direction. The positive half axis of x in the figure points in the downstream direction of the wall.
Example 1
The air guide sleeve structure for enhancing the cooling effect of the wall surface (see fig. 1-5) comprises an air film hole 1, a wall surface 2 and an air guide sleeve 3, wherein an air film hole air outlet 12 is positioned in an upstream area of the wall surface, and the air guide sleeve 3 is positioned above the air film hole air outlet and is symmetrical about the direction (x direction) of the central line of the wall surface; the air guide sleeve 3 comprises two side walls 33, a top straight section 34 and a main flow facing section 31, an air guide sleeve cavity 32 is arranged in an area surrounded by the two side walls 33, the top straight section 34 and the main flow facing section 31, the air guide sleeve cavity 32 is completely covered above an air outlet of the air film hole, the upstream end of the air guide sleeve is sealed to form the main flow facing section, an outlet 35 is arranged at the downstream end of the air guide sleeve, the width of the outlet 35 is the maximum width e of the air guide sleeve cavity, and the height of the outlet is the maximum height a of the air guide sleeve cavity; the ratio of the maximum width e of the dome cavity to the aperture d of the air film hole is 2.0, the ratio of the maximum length g (the length refers to the direction along the gas flow) of the dome cavity to the aperture d of the air film hole is 2.0, the ratio of the distance j between the front end of the air film hole and the inner wall of the front end of the dome to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.25, and the ratio of the distance i between the rear end of the air film hole and the outlet 35 to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.25.
In the embodiment, the air film hole is a cylindrical air film hole, the aperture is d, the vertical distance h between the air inlet 11 of the air film hole and the wall surface is 1.74d, and the spraying angle alpha is 35 degrees; the whole air guide sleeve is cuboid; the ratio of the wall thickness b of the straight section at the top of the air guide sleeve to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.25, the ratio of the wall thickness f of the two side walls to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.25, the ratio of the maximum wall thickness c of the air guide sleeve facing the main flow section to the aperture of the air film hole is 0.125, and the ratio of the maximum height a of the air guide sleeve cavity to the aperture of the air film hole is 0.25.
After the cooling gas n enters the pod cavity 32, the cooling gas is diffused laterally due to the barrier of the pod wall 35 and enters the main flow area through the pod outlet 35.
Fig. 6a is an efficiency distribution of film cooling on the downstream wall of the film hole in this embodiment at a blowing ratio of 1.0, and fig. 6b is an efficiency distribution of film cooling on the downstream wall of the conventional cylindrical film hole (without protrusions and transverse grooves) at a blowing ratio of 1.0, each of which is marked with a cooling efficiency of 0.2 and 0.3. By comparison, compared with a structure with only cylindrical film holes, the film cooling efficiency of the structure of the embodiment is obviously improved in the transverse direction and the expanding direction of the downstream wall surface. The cooling gas enters the dome cavity 32 to be in contact with the inner wall of the dome, so that the wall surface normal (y direction) speed of the cooling gas is reduced, and the transverse speed is increased, so that the transverse coverage area of the cooling gas on the wall surface is wider, the problem of cold air loss caused by blowing off the wall surface is avoided, and the transverse cooling efficiency of the wall surface is remarkably improved.
Fig. 7a and 7b are graphs comparing the transverse film cooling efficiency of the wall surface of the present embodiment with that of the conventional cylindrical film hole structure at the air blowing ratio of 1.0, where the downstream wall surface extends to 3 times the aperture (x/d=3) and 15 times the aperture (x/d=15). Compared with the existing cylindrical air film hole structure, the air film cooling efficiency of the embodiment is obviously improved at the position of 3 times or 15 times of the transverse aperture, as shown in fig. 7a, the highest cooling efficiency of the embodiment is close to 1.0 at the position of 3 times of the downstream wall surface expanding direction, and the highest cooling efficiency of the existing cylindrical air film hole structure is about 0.3; at the downstream wall surface spreading 15 times the aperture, the minimum cooling efficiency of the embodiment is higher than the maximum cooling efficiency of the existing cylindrical air film hole structure. At 3 times the aperture, the average cooling efficiency of this embodiment is 13 times that of the existing structure; at 15 times the aperture, the average cooling efficiency of this embodiment is 7 times that of the existing structure.
Fig. 8 is a graph comparing film cooling efficiency at the downstream wall center line of the present embodiment with that of the conventional cylindrical film hole structure under the condition of a blowing ratio of 1.0. From the figure, it can be found that the cooling efficiency of the embodiment is obviously higher than that of the cylindrical air film hole from the air outlet of the air film hole to the 16-time aperture of the downstream wall surface (x/d=16). And after 16 times of aperture, the cooling efficiency of the embodiment is slightly lower than that of the cylindrical air film hole at a position far away from the air film hole. Compared with the existing structure, the average cooling efficiency in the spreading direction of the invention is improved by 89.2%.
According to the experimental results, the air guide sleeve structure can obviously improve the transverse and spanwise cooling effects of the wall surface under the condition of high air blowing ratio.
Example 2
The structure of the air guide sleeve for enhancing the wall cooling effect of the present embodiment (see fig. 10a, 10b and 10 c) has the same composition and positional relationship as those of embodiment 1, except that the main flow facing section 31 is streamline, and in the plan view of fig. 10b, the air guide sleeve is rectangular; the ratio of the maximum width e of the air guide sleeve cavity to the aperture d of the air film hole is 2.2, the ratio of the maximum length g of the air guide sleeve cavity to the aperture d of the air film hole is 2.125, the ratio of the distance j of the front end of the air outlet of the air film hole from the inner wall of the front end of the air guide sleeve to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0, namely the front end of the air outlet 12 of the air film hole is tangent to the inner wall of the front end of the air guide sleeve 3, the ratio of the distance i of the rear end of the air film hole from the outlet 35 to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.5, and the ratio of the maximum height a of the air guide sleeve cavity to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.375; the length of the windward flow section 31 is half of the gas film hole gas outlet length k, and the length of the windward flow section 31 is 0.865d.
The ratio of the wall thickness b of the straight section at the top of the air guide sleeve to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.25, the ratio of the wall thickness f of the two side walls to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.25, and the ratio of the maximum wall thickness c of the air guide sleeve facing the main flow section to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0.25.
The streamline guide cover in the embodiment can reduce the impact of main flow gas on the guide cover, and further reduce the abrasion degree of the guide cover.
Example 3
The composition and positional relationship of each part of the air guide sleeve structure (see fig. 11) for enhancing the wall cooling effect in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1, except that the air film holes are conical discrete air film holes, and the width of the air outlet 12 of the air film holes is 1.375d. The main flow-facing section 31 is in a streamline semi-elliptic cylindrical shape, in the plan view of fig. 11, the main flow-facing section of the air guide sleeve is in a semi-elliptic shape, the wall thickness f of two side walls of the air guide sleeve is 0.125d, and the maximum wall thickness c of the main flow-facing section of the air guide sleeve is 0.25d. The guide cover of the embodiment can reduce the impact of cooling gas on the vertical wall surface of the guide cover, and meanwhile, the streamline guide cover can reduce the impact of main flow on two sides of the guide cover on the guide cover, so that the stability of the guide cover 3 is improved. The aperture d of the air film hole refers to the aperture of the air inlet of the air film hole.
Example 4
The composition and positional relationship of each part of the air guide sleeve structure (see fig. 12) for enhancing the wall cooling effect in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1, and are different in that the air film holes are conical discrete air film holes, and the width of the air outlet 12 of the air film holes is 1.375d. The whole shape of the air guide sleeve is cuboid, and the ratio of the distance j of the front end of the air film hole air outlet to the inner wall of the front end of the air guide sleeve to the aperture d of the air film hole is 0, namely the front end of the air film hole air outlet 12 is tangent to the inner wall of the front end of the air guide sleeve 3. The aperture d of the air film hole refers to the aperture of the air inlet of the air film hole.
The downstream cooling efficiency profiles of the wall surface with or without the pod under the conical discrete film holes are shown in fig. 6c and 6d, which show the areas with cooling efficiencies of 0.4 and 0.5. By comparison, the conical discrete air film hole guide cover can also effectively reduce the loss of cooling gas, so that the cooling gas obtains transverse speed, the coverage area of the cooling gas is increased, and the cooling efficiency of the downstream wall surface is improved.
The invention is applicable to the prior art where it is not described.