CN107553686A - A kind of manufacture method of the fiber reinforcement gradient porous ceramics based on 3D printing - Google Patents
A kind of manufacture method of the fiber reinforcement gradient porous ceramics based on 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107553686A CN107553686A CN201710683700.9A CN201710683700A CN107553686A CN 107553686 A CN107553686 A CN 107553686A CN 201710683700 A CN201710683700 A CN 201710683700A CN 107553686 A CN107553686 A CN 107553686A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of manufacture method of the fiber reinforcement gradient porous ceramics based on 3D printing, comprise the following steps:Three-dimensional entity model is designed in modeling software, the processing route that printer successively prints is generated after hierarchy slicing processing is carried out to model;Ceramic powders, fiber dust are placed in different powder feeders from adhesive powder respectively, is delivered to after on-line mixing is uniform in powdering cylinder and waits powdering;Add and bond ink;Shower nozzle selectively sprays in target area under control of the control system bonds ink, complete the printing of a layer cross section, then, the workbench for being loaded with powder bed declines the height powdering again of a thickness, constantly repeats said process and complete the printing in all sections to form 3D solid;Base substrate is placed in vacuum sintering furnace and sinters enhancing processing, obtains fiber reinforcement gradient porous ceramics element.The present invention is distributed by regulating and controlling the double gradients of enhancing phase fibrous material and pore structure, obtains the controllable porous ceramics of mechanical property homogenization, distribution of pores.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to 3D printing rapid shaping technique, more particularly to a kind of fiber reinforcement based on 3D printing are gradient porous
The manufacture method of ceramics.
Background technology
Permeability and intensity of the gradient porous ceramics due to asymmetrical pore structure, effectively increasing porous ceramics,
With high filtering precision and the characteristics of big air transmission coefficient, it is greatly improved filtering accuracy used in the field of being separated by filtration and filtering is imitated
Rate, especially suitable for temperature height, separation, high temperature fume dust removal and essence with fluid-mixings containing minuteness particle such as corrosivity
Thin filtering etc., fiber reinforced ceramic-base composite material possesses to be distributed with compared with high-fracture toughness and bending strength, the gradient of fiber
Beneficial to the mechanical property for regulating and controlling gradient porous ceramics material and make its homogenization, increase the service life.
The method for preparing gradient porous ceramics at present mainly has centrifugal forming technology, pore former arrangement of gradients method, granulation mass
Product technique etc..Centrifugal forming technology is that in high speed centrifugation, deposition velocity is different using the different particle of granule size, and slurry contains
Some bulky grain outer layers deposition, little particle deposit in internal layer, form gradient-structure, pore structure also distribution gradient after shaping,
But high rotating speed is high to equipment and operation technological requirement;Pore former arrangement of gradients method is to be mixed with the aggregate of different-grain diameter pore former proportionately
Hole agent particle diameter arranges from big to small, is layered in layer in mould, and process is compressing, dries and burns till and gradient pores are made
Porous ceramics, but the technique obtains the in irregular shape of product hole, and the consecutive variations in aperture are poor, are only applicable to simple shape
Product, and be difficult to prepare complex-shaped product;Particle packing technique is to utilize varigrained particle heap according to a certain ratio
Product structure pore gradient structure.But the above method has many shortcomings:1st, ceramic pore structure and performance are uncontrollable, can not
By hole and performance, gradient is distributed in the material on demand;2nd, common process needs mould or pore creating material, distribution of pores it is single or
At random;3rd, gradient porous ceramics are made because distribution of pores inequality causes performance uneven in conventional method.4th, material can not be realized
Consecutive variations between each layer.5th, current preparation technology is only limitted to laboratory research, can not be applied to industrialized production.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of system of the fiber reinforcement gradient porous ceramics based on 3D printing to solve above-mentioned technical problem
Make method.The manufacture method can be solved between the gradient porous ceramics aperture of traditional handicraft preparation and distribution layer whard to control and each
Material is difficult to the problem of consecutive variations.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of manufacture method of the fiber reinforcement gradient porous ceramics based on 3D printing, comprises the following steps:
1) three-dimensional entity model of predetermined gradient pore structure, three-dimensional printer are designed in modeling software with computer
Software generates the processing route that printer successively prints after hierarchy slicing processing is carried out to model;
2) ceramic powders, fiber dust are placed in different powder feeders from adhesive powder respectively, pass through computer control
The powder sending quantity of each powder feeder is made, is delivered to after on-line mixing is uniform in powdering cylinder and waits powdering;
3) added in 3D printing shower nozzle and bond ink;
4) shower nozzle selectively sprays in target area under control of the control system bonds ink, completes a layer cross section
Printing, then, the workbench for being loaded with powder bed declines the height powdering again of a thickness, constantly repeats said process and completes institute
The printing for having section forms 3D solid, wherein, the porosity per layer of material is different, and the ceramic powder in every layer of material
End, fiber dust are different from the component proportion of adhesive powder;
5) base substrate is placed in vacuum sintering furnace and is sintered enhancing processing, obtain fiber reinforcement gradient porous ceramics member
Part.
In such scheme, the feature of three-dimensional entity model is in step 1):What its porosity was axially distributed along ceramic component
Function expression is power exponent form, and porosity axially constantly increases along ceramic component.
In such scheme, the porosity gradient of three-dimensional entity model is 20%~80% in step 1).
In such scheme, the ceramic powders added in step 2) include aluminum oxide, carborundum or zirconia ceramics powder
One or both of any of the above ratio mixing, fiber includes carbon fiber or silicon carbide fibre, and binding agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
In such scheme, ceramic powder particle magnitude range is 20~150 μm in step 2).
In such scheme, a diameter of 7~8 μm of carbon fiber powder, length is 24~64 μm;Silicon carbide fibre form is whisker,
A diameter of 0.1~2 μm, length is 20~300 μm, and outward appearance is powdered.
Bonding ink constituent in such scheme, in step 3) includes distilled water, glycerine and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Bonded in such scheme, in step 3) ink respectively form composition proportion be distilled water mass fraction be 93%~
95%, glycerine mass fraction is 1.5%~3.5%, and polyvinylpyrrolidone mass fraction is 1.5%~3.5%.
In such scheme, the sintering temperature described in step 5) is 1440~1650 DEG C, and sintering time is 1~3 hour.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) fiber reinforcement gradient porous ceramics element of the invention is applied to high-temperature dust removal field mainly as filter.
2) ceramic filter element, distribution function of its porosity along ceramic component axial direction are:
ε (x)=Cexp (K1X2/4+K2X3/6)
D represents the internal diameter (m) of ceramic filter element;L represents axial length (m);CfRepresent that ceramic filter element rubs along journey
Wipe resistance coefficient;ρ represents the density (kg/m of gas3);δ represents the wall thickness (m) of ceramic filter element;Q represents that stream passes through filtering element
The volumetric flow of gas of part;Represent the external diameter (m) of ceramic filter element;μ represents coefficient;C is integral constant.
Its effect is dust is evenly distributed along filter element, is advantageous to deashing, can avoid or reduce ceramic filter member
Dust bridge phenomenon between part, the application life of filter element is improved, can be with using 3D printing technique compared with other method
Given ceramic filter element blind end or the porosity initial value of openend as needed, are precisely controlled aperture, hole shape and hole
Distribution, it is pioneering that the double ladders of the controllable material of stomata internal structure and stomata are made by laying the mixed powder of different ratio online
Spend porous ceramics.
3) present invention utilizes the simple operations flow of 3D printing, and the production cycle shortens, can accurately control pore structure, make complexity
The manufacture of porous ceramics becomes simple and easy, while on-line mixing fiber and ceramic powders, obtains the fiber reinforcement of different proportion
Ceramic material, realize the mechanical property homogenization porous ceramics of the double gradients distributions of hole and fiber, be disclosure satisfy that it is industrialized
Short route, reproducible, inexpensive stomata material gradient ceramics preparation technology, therefore prepare double gradients using 3D printing method
Porous ceramics is significant.
4) fibre reinforced materials gradient is distributed with beneficial to raising material property and keeps Mechanical Property of Ceramics uniform.
It is worth noting that, the bending strength of porous ceramic element has larger relation, porosity with its loaded area
Low porous ceramics actual bearer area is larger, and theoretical bending strength is also higher, with the rise of porosity, actual bearer area
Reduce, theoretical bending strength has and significantly reduced.If improving the content of fiber according to porosity, mechanical property can be obtained
Can more uniform gradient porous ceramics, then bending force is applied to ceramic matrix, intrinsic silicon will not produce irregular fine fisssure
Line.
Method of testing:
1. the method for testing of the porosity is to use Archimedes's drainage.
2. bending strength test method is that the average value of its 3 bending strengths is surveyed using bending strength test instrument, span is
40mm, loading velocity 0.5mm/min.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 2 changes to whether there is fibre reinforced gradient porous alumina ceramics bending strength.
Fig. 3 changes to whether there is the gradient porous silicon carbide ceramics bending strength of fibre reinforced.
Fig. 4 strengthens gradient porous silicon carbide ceramics bending strength change to whether there is silicon carbide fibre.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, and these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention,
Its scope not limiting the invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
1) CAD modeling software is used:CAD, UG, Pro/E etc. are according to product pore size, pore size distribution, hole shape
Gradient pore structured three-dimensional entity model (porosity gradient is 20%~80%) is designed in the requirements such as shape, and threedimensional model is carried out
Approximate processing obtains STL formatted files, and threedimensional model is separated into a series of orderly two-dimentional synusia, layer along forming height direction
Piece successively prints at intervals of 0.1mm, three-dimensional printer software tip printer.For the present embodiment exemplified by printing five layers, table 1 is this
The threedimensional model porosity distribution signal of embodiment.
2) molding gradient porous ceramics, each layer component ratio requirement are:By every layer of bottom to top carbon fiber mass fraction
Respectively:0%th, 13%, 22%, 26%, 30%, polyvinyl alcohol mass fraction is 8%, and quality of alumina fraction is respectively:
92%th, 79%, 70%, 66%, 62%.
3) add in the showerhead and bond ink, wherein it is distilled water, glycerine and polyethylene pyrrole to bond ink constituent
Pyrrolidone;It is that distilled water mass fraction is 95% to bond ink and respectively form composition proportion, and glycerine mass fraction is 2.5%, is gathered
Vinylpyrrolidone mass fraction is 2.5%.
4) shower nozzle selectively sprays in target area under control of the control system bonds ink, completes a layer cross section
Printing, then, the workbench for being loaded with powder bed declines the height powdering again of a thickness, constantly repeats said process and completes institute
The printing for having section forms 3D solid.
5) obtained base substrate is placed in vacuum sintering furnace and be sintered, sintering temperature is 1550~1650 DEG C, during sintering
Between be 2~3 hours, obtain fibre reinforced aluminum oxide gradient porous ceramics.
Table 1
Top
80% |
60% |
40% |
20% |
0% |
Bottom
Test result is:The aluminium oxide ceramics mean porosities of fibre reinforced with gradient porous structure are
60.2%;It can be seen from Fig. 2 in no addition carbon fiber, the bending strength of aluminum oxide graded ceramicses element is with hole
The increase of rate is in obvious downward trend, is reduced to 19Mpa by 55Mpa, after adding carbon fiber, downward trend slows down, minimum
Bending strength 38Mpa is promoted to by 19Mpa, mechanical property is lifted higher than before, and overall mechanical properties are more uniform.
Embodiment 2
1) CAD modeling software is used:CAD, UG, Pro/E etc. are according to product pore size, pore size distribution, hole shape
Gradient pore structured three-dimensional entity model is designed in the requirements such as shape, and (porosity gradient is 20%~80%, is shown in Table 1), by three-dimensional mould
Type carries out approximate processing and obtains STL formatted files, and threedimensional model is separated into a series of orderly two dimensions along forming height direction
Synusia, synusia successively print at intervals of 0.1mm, three-dimensional printer software tip printer.
2) molding gradient porous ceramics component proportion requirement be:By every layer of bottom to top carbon fiber mass fraction difference
For:0%th, 11%, 19%, 25%, 30%, polyvinyl alcohol mass fraction is 8%, and carborundum mass fraction is respectively:92%th,
81%th, 73%, 67%, 62%.
3) add in the showerhead and bond ink, wherein it is distilled water, glycerine and polyethylene pyrrole to bond ink constituent
Pyrrolidone;It is that distilled water mass fraction is 95% to bond ink and respectively form composition proportion, and glycerine mass fraction is 2.5%, is gathered
Vinylpyrrolidone mass fraction is 2.5%.
4) shower nozzle selectively sprays in target area under control of the control system bonds ink, completes a layer cross section
Printing, then, the workbench for being loaded with powder bed declines the height powdering again of a thickness, constantly repeats said process and completes institute
The printing for having section forms 3D solid.
5) obtained base substrate is placed in vacuum sintering furnace and be sintered, sintering temperature is 1400~1600 DEG C, during sintering
Between be 1~2 hour, obtain carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide gradient porous ceramics.
Test result is:The silicon carbide ceramics mean porosities of fibre reinforced with gradient porous structure are
61.3%;It can be seen from Fig. 3 in no addition carbon fiber, the bending strength of carborundum graded ceramicses element is with hole
The increase of rate is in obvious downward trend, is reduced to 6Mpa by 40Mpa, after adding carbon fiber, downward trend slows down, minimum
Bending strength is promoted to 16Mpa by 6Mpa, and mechanical property is lifted higher than before, and overall mechanical properties are more uniform.
Embodiment 3
1) CAD modeling software is used:CAD, UG, Pro/E etc. are according to product pore size, pore size distribution, hole shape
Gradient pore structured three-dimensional entity model (porosity gradient is 60%~70%) is designed in the requirements such as shape, and threedimensional model is carried out
Approximate processing obtains STL formatted files, and threedimensional model is separated into a series of orderly two-dimentional synusia, layer along forming height direction
Piece successively prints at intervals of 0.1mm, three-dimensional printer software tip printer.
2) molding gradient porous ceramics component proportion requirement be:By every layer of bottom to top silicon carbide fibre mass fraction point
Not Wei 0%, 16%, 24%, 28%, 33%, polyvinyl alcohol mass fraction be 8%, carborundum mass fraction is respectively:92%th,
76%th, 68%, 64%, 59%.
3) add in the showerhead and bond ink, wherein it is distilled water, glycerine and polyethylene pyrrole to bond ink constituent
Pyrrolidone;It is that distilled water mass fraction is 95% to bond ink and respectively form composition proportion, and glycerine mass fraction is 2.5%, is gathered
Vinylpyrrolidone mass fraction is 2.5%.
4) shower nozzle selectively sprays in target area under control of the control system bonds ink, completes a layer cross section
Printing, then, the workbench for being loaded with powder bed declines the height powdering again of a thickness, constantly repeats said process and completes institute
The printing for having section forms 3D solid.
5) obtained base substrate is placed in vacuum sintering furnace and be sintered, sintering temperature is 1400~1500 DEG C, during sintering
Between be 2~3 hours, obtain silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide gradient porous ceramics.
Test result is:With gradient porous structure silicon carbide fibre enhancing silicon carbide ceramics mean porosities be
62.4%;As seen from Figure 4, in no addition silicon carbide fibre, the bending strength of carborundum graded ceramicses element with
The increase of porosity is in obvious downward trend, is reduced to 6Mpa by 40Mpa, after adding carbon fiber, downward trend slows down, most
Low bending strength is promoted to 21Mpa by 6Mpa, and mechanical property is lifted higher than before, and overall mechanical properties are more uniform.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of manufacture method of the fiber reinforcement gradient porous ceramics based on 3D printing, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) three-dimensional entity model of predetermined gradient pore structure, three-dimensional printer software are designed in modeling software with computer
The processing route that printer successively prints is generated after hierarchy slicing processing is carried out to model;
2) ceramic powders, fiber dust are placed in different powder feeders from adhesive powder respectively, controlled by computer each
The powder sending quantity of individual powder feeder, delivered to after on-line mixing is uniform in powdering cylinder and wait powdering;
3) added in 3D printing shower nozzle and bond ink;
4) shower nozzle selectively sprays in target area under control of the control system bonds ink, completes beating for a layer cross section
Print, then, the workbench for being loaded with powder bed decline the height powdering again of a thickness, constantly repeat said process and complete all sections
The printing in face forms 3D solid, wherein, the porosity per layer of material is different, and per layer of material in ceramic powders,
Fiber dust is different from the component proportion of adhesive powder;
5) base substrate is placed in vacuum sintering furnace and is sintered enhancing processing, obtain fiber reinforcement gradient porous ceramics element.
2. manufacture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the feature of three-dimensional entity model is in step 1):Its
The function expression that porosity is axially distributed along ceramic component is power exponent form, and porosity is axially not along ceramic component
Disconnected increase.
3. manufacture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the porosity gradient of three-dimensional entity model is in step 1)
20%~80%.
4. manufacture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the ceramic powders added in step 2) include oxidation
The mixing of one or both of aluminium, carborundum or zirconia ceramics powder any of the above ratio, fiber include carbon fiber or carbon
SiClx fiber, binding agent are polyvinyl alcohol.
5. according to the manufacture method described in any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterised in that ceramic powder particle is big in step 2)
Small range is 20~150 μm.
6. manufacture method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that a diameter of 7~8 μm of carbon fiber powder, length be 24~
64μm;Silicon carbide fibre form is whisker, and a diameter of 0.1~2 μm, length is 20~300 μm, and outward appearance is powdered.
7. manufacture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that ink constituent is bonded in step 3) includes distillation
Water, glycerine and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
8. manufacture method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that ink is bonded in step 3) and respectively forms composition proportion and is
Distilled water mass fraction is 93%~95%, and glycerine mass fraction is 1.5%~3.5%, polyvinylpyrrolidone quality point
Number is 1.5%~3.5%.
9. manufacture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sintering temperature described in step 5) is 1440~1650
DEG C, sintering time is 1~3 hour.
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CN112707738A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-27 | 松山湖材料实验室 | Wholly ordered-partially disordered porous ceramic and preparation method thereof |
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CN108943730A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-07 | 四川大学 | A kind of SLS type 3D printing system that density is controllable |
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CN113165981A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2021-07-23 | 高技术与膜工业公司 | Method for additive manufacturing of inorganic filter supports and resulting membranes |
CN113165980A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2021-07-23 | 高技术与膜工业公司 | Method for additive manufacturing of inorganic filter supports from hot-melt compositions and resulting membrane |
CN109627028A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-16 | 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing carbon fiber toughened silicon carbide pottery aluminium composite material and preparation method thereof |
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CN112374903A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-02-19 | 山东蓝合智能科技有限公司 | Preparation method for zirconia ceramic 3D printing material |
CN112707738A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-27 | 松山湖材料实验室 | Wholly ordered-partially disordered porous ceramic and preparation method thereof |
CN113103576A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-13 | 吉林大学 | 3D printing system and method for ordered gradient porous material |
CN114230337A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-25 | 山东常林铸业有限公司 | Ceramic filter for casting based on 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20180109 |