CN107543756B - Test device and test method for simulating rainfall humidification in triaxial test - Google Patents
Test device and test method for simulating rainfall humidification in triaxial test Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test device and a test method for simulating rainfall humidification in a triaxial test, which are characterized in that the test device comprises a triaxial tester, a triaxial sample top cap, a micropore uniform water distribution device, an external water supply device and a control system; the external water supply device and the control system comprise a water tank, a servo motor, a piston, a ball screw and a computer, wherein the piston is slidably inserted in the water tank, the outer end part of the piston is fixedly connected with the ball screw, the output end of the servo motor is fixedly connected with the ball screw, a water outlet of the water tank enters a pressure chamber through a water outlet pipeline and is connected with a water inlet of a triaxial sample top cap, a top cap water inlet control valve is arranged on the water outlet pipeline, and the computer is used for simulating different rainfall conditions by controlling the servo motor to work. The method fills the technical blank of the unsaturated humidification test under the rainfall condition of the dam material measured by the single-line method in the rock-soil indoor test, and has important research value and extremely wide practical application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device and a test method for simulating natural rainfall in geotechnical engineering, in particular to a test device and a test method for testing the humidifying and deforming characteristics of coarse grains under rainfall conditions in a triaxial test, and belongs to the field of indoor tests of geotechnical engineering.
Background
Rainfall is one of the important external factors of later-period deformation of the earth-rock dam body, and can cause adverse effects of stress deformation of the dam body and the core wall. Many high earth-rock dams built, under construction or proposed in China are located in southwest rainy areas, so that the wetting deformation mechanism and rule of dam materials under rainfall condition are deeply researched, the safe operation of earth-rock dam engineering is guaranteed, and the method has important engineering practice significance and popularization and application prospects. The indoor wetting test of the soil mass is a basic means for researching the problems. The existing instruments used for the humidification test mainly comprise a compressor and a triaxial apparatus. The compression instrument can only measure the humidification deformation of the soil body under the side limit condition, and cannot obtain the soil body humidification deformation model parameters. The triaxial apparatus can carry out the humidifying deformation test of the soil body under different stress states, and has certain advantages compared with a compression apparatus.
The traditional wetting test method includes a single line method and a double line method. The two-wire method measures the strain of the two samples in wet state and dry state under the same stress state, and takes the difference between the two as the wet deformation under the stress state. However, the difference between the bilinear method and the actual humidification process is large, and the unsaturated sample with a certain water content is difficult to manufacture for coarse particles with large water permeability, so that the bilinear method is rarely adopted for the unsaturated humidification test of the coarse particles. The single-line method is that a dry sample is loaded to a certain stress state along a certain stress path, the sample is humidified to a specific water content under the condition of controlling the stress state to be unchanged, and the deformation increment in the process is measured, so that the humidified deformation in the certain stress state is obtained. In the single-line method test process, the key of the test is how to simulate natural rainfall and humidify the sample with certain moisture content. Limited by the structure of a triaxial apparatus pressure chamber, the existing triaxial humidifying test for coarse particles mostly takes water from a drain hole at the bottom to saturate a sample by soaking, and the saturated humidifying characteristic of the sample is researched, so that the difference between the saturated humidifying characteristic and the unsaturated humidifying state under the natural rainfall condition is larger. At present, a testing device aiming at unsaturated humidification of coarse particles under rainfall conditions is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a test apparatus and a test method for simulating natural rainfall, which can realize a test of the wetting deformation characteristic of coarse particles under rainfall conditions in a triaxial test.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a test device for simulating rainfall humidification in a triaxial test is characterized by comprising a triaxial tester, an external water supply device and a control system; the triaxial tester comprises a pressure chamber, a rubber die, a triaxial sample body and a triaxial tester control system, wherein a water inlet and outlet control valve is arranged at the bottom of the pressure chamber, a loading rod penetrates through the top of the pressure chamber, and the rubber die is used for wrapping the triaxial sample body, placing the triaxial sample body in the pressure chamber and locating right below the loading rod; the triaxial sample body comprises a cylindrical soil sample, a triaxial sample top cap, a micropore uniform water distribution device, a geotextile, first filter paper, second filter paper and permeable stones, the top of the cylindrical soil sample is provided with the triaxial sample top cap, the first filter paper and the micropore uniform water distribution device are arranged between the cylindrical soil sample and the triaxial sample top cap, the geotextile is arranged between the micropore uniform water distribution device and the triaxial sample top cap, the second filter paper and the permeable stone are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical soil sample, more than one sample drainage hole is arranged at the bottom of the triaxial tester, water in the cylindrical soil sample is discharged to the outside of the pressure chamber through the sample drainage hole and a sample drainage pipeline, the outer end part of each sample drainage pipeline is fixedly provided with a sample drainage valve, the triaxial apparatus control system is used for controlling the pressure of the pressure chamber and the loading and unloading of the loading rod; the external water supply device and the control system comprise a water tank, a servo motor, a piston, a ball screw and a computer, wherein the piston is slidably inserted in the water tank, the outer end part of the piston is fixedly connected with the ball screw, the output end of the servo motor is fixedly connected with the ball screw, a water outlet of the water tank enters the pressure chamber through a water outlet pipeline and is connected with a water inlet of the triaxial sample top cap, a top cap water inlet control valve is arranged on the water outlet pipeline, and the computer controls the servo motor to work so as to simulate different rainfall conditions.
Further, triaxial sample hood adopts the cylinder, triaxial sample hood top is provided with and is used for the contact the constant head tank of loading rod, triaxial sample hood one side is run through and is provided with into water through-hole, triaxial sample hood lower part is provided with and is used for holding geotextile's cavity, triaxial sample hood bottom circumference still is provided with a plurality of screw hole.
Further, micropore water evenly distributed device adopt with the cylinder that triaxial sample hood size is the same, micropore water evenly distributed device top has been seted up the recess and has been become the water storage cavity, the bottom of water storage cavity evenly is provided with the micropore that size is the same, micropore water evenly distributed device's top still is provided with an annular seal groove that is used for placing O type sealing washer, corresponding to the position of the screw hole of triaxial sample hood, micropore water evenly distributed device periphery corresponds the interval and is provided with a plurality of screw through-holes.
Furthermore, a plurality of pressure-bearing bulges are arranged in the water storage cavity at intervals.
Furthermore, the diameter of each micropore is less than or equal to 0.2 mm.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also adopts the following technical scheme: a test method for simulating rainfall humidification in a triaxial test is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) preparing a triaxial sample body; 2) placing a triaxial sample body in a pressure chamber, and enabling a loading rod of the pressure chamber to contact the top of a triaxial sample top cap of the triaxial sample body; 3) connecting a water tank of an external water supply device and a control system to a water inlet of a triaxial sample top cap through a water outlet pipeline; 4) opening a water inlet and outlet control valve of the pressure chamber to inject water into the pressure chamber, closing the water inlet and outlet control valve after the pressure chamber is filled with water, and adjusting the pressure of the pressure chamber to a set value through a triaxial apparatus control system according to a test scheme; 5) opening a sample drain valve of a sample drain pipeline at the bottom of the triaxial sample body, applying a deviation stress through a loading rod, enabling a conventional triaxial shear test to reach a set stress state according to a test scheme, and automatically controlling and maintaining the stress state; 6) the computer of the external water supply device and the control system starts a servo motor to work, the flow is adjusted according to the change of the rain intensity of the test target, and the computer of the external water supply device and the control system records the water supply flow in real time; 7) opening a top cap water inlet control valve of a triaxial sample top cap, performing a rainfall unsaturated humidification test under a certain stress condition, and acquiring sample humidification deformation data in the humidification process in real time through a sensor connected with a triaxial test instrument control system; 8) after the test target rainfall process is finished, closing a top cap water inlet control valve of the top cap of the triaxial sample, and continuing to perform a triaxial shear test; 9) after the test is finished, the confining pressure is removed, and the water inlet and outlet control valve of the pressure chamber is opened to drain the water in the pressure chamber.
Further, the specific process of preparing the triaxial sample body in the step 1) is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of manufacturing a cylindrical soil sample according to preset density, sequentially placing first filter paper, a micropore uniform water distribution device, a geotextile and a triaxial sample top cap above the cylindrical soil sample, sealing the micropore uniform water distribution device and the triaxial sample top cap, sequentially placing second filter paper and permeable stones below the cylindrical soil sample, and wrapping a triaxial sample body by adopting a rubber mold.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the micropore uniform water distribution device is provided with tiny micropores which are uniformly distributed, has higher suction effect, and the water in the upper water storage cavity can not freely flow out under the action of gravity, so that the water in the upper water storage cavity can be accumulated in the water storage cavity and form certain water pressure, and under the action of the water pressure, the water in the water storage cavity is uniformly distributed on the whole cross section of a sample through the micropores, so that uniform rainfall infiltration on the cross section of a triaxial sample is realized. 2. The test device can realize the unsaturated humidifying triaxial test of coarse particles under the rainfall condition, can control the stress state of the sample in the test process, and can measure the axial and volume deformation of the sample. 3. The device is provided with an external water supply device and a control system, the external water supply device and the control system are connected with a triaxial sample body in a pressure chamber, simulation of a rainfall infiltration process under different stress states in a triaxial test can be realized according to test requirements, rainfall characteristic factors such as rainfall intensity, rainfall duration and the like can be controlled in real time, and real-time collection of humidification deformation data and rainfall characteristic values is realized through a sensor. In conclusion, the method fills the technical blank of the unsaturated humidification test under the rainfall condition of the dam material measured by the single-line method in the rock-soil indoor test, and has important research value and extremely wide practical application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test apparatus for simulating rainfall humidification in a triaxial test according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a triaxial sample top cap structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the microporous uniform water distribution device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are provided solely for the purposes of promoting an understanding of the invention and that they are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1, the test device for simulating rainfall humidification in a triaxial test provided by the invention comprises a conventional triaxial test instrument 1, and further comprises a triaxial sample top cap 2, a micropore water uniform distribution device 3, an external water supply device and a control system 4.
The triaxial tester 1 comprises a pressure chamber 11, a rubber mold 12, a triaxial sample body 13 and a triaxial apparatus control system (not shown in the figure), wherein the bottom of the pressure chamber 11 is provided with a water inlet and outlet control valve 14 for controlling water injection operation into the pressure chamber 11 to form confining pressure. The top of the pressure chamber 11 is provided with a loading rod 15 for applying axial pressure to the triaxial sample body 13. The rubber mold 12 is used for enclosing the triaxial sample body 13 and is placed in the pressure chamber 11 and located right below the loading rod 15.
The external water supply device and control system 4 is used for providing outlet water with controllable flow rate so as to simulate different rainfall intensity characteristics, and comprises a water tank 41, a piston 42, a servo motor 43, a ball screw 44 and a computer (not shown in the figure). A piston 42 is slidably inserted in the water tank 41, the outer end of the piston 42 is fixedly connected with a ball screw 44, and the output end of the servo motor 43 is fixedly connected with the ball screw 44. The water outlet of the water tank 41 enters the pressure chamber 11 through a water outlet pipeline and is connected with the water inlet 22 of the triaxial sample top cap 2, and a top cap water inlet control valve 45 is arranged on the water outlet pipeline. The computer is connected with the servo motor 43 through an acquisition controller to control the work of the computer so as to simulate different rainfall conditions.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the triaxial sample top cap 2 is a cylinder, the top of the triaxial sample top cap 2 is provided with a positioning groove 21 for contacting the loading rod 15, one side of the triaxial sample top cap 2 is provided with a water inlet through hole 22 in a penetrating manner, the lower part of the triaxial sample top cap 2 is provided with a cavity 23 for accommodating the geotextile 6, and the bottom of the triaxial sample top cap 2 is also provided with a plurality of screw holes 24 in the circumferential direction.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the micro-porous uniform water distribution device 3 is used to uniformly distribute the top water onto the cross section of the cylindrical soil sample to simulate the unsaturated infiltration of rainfall. The micropore uniform water distribution device 3 is a cylinder with the same size as the triaxial sample top cap 2, the top of the micropore uniform water distribution device 3 is provided with a groove to form a water storage cavity 31, the bottom of the water storage cavity 31 is uniformly provided with micropores 32, each micropore 32 is the same in size, the diameter is less than or equal to 0.2mm, in order to ensure that the micropore uniform water distribution device 3 can bear the action of higher axial pressure, a plurality of pressure-bearing bulges 33 are arranged in the water storage cavity 31 at intervals, the top of the micropore uniform water distribution device 3 is also provided with an annular sealing groove 34, a plurality of screw through holes 35 are correspondingly arranged at intervals at the periphery of the micropore uniform water distribution device 3 corresponding to the positions of the screw holes 24 of the triaxial sample top cap 2, when the micropore uniform water distribution device 3 is used, an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged in the sealing groove 34, and the micropore uniform. When the rain-proof water storage device is used, the water coming from the water storage cavity 31 cannot freely flow out under the action of gravity, so that the water coming from the upper part can be accumulated in the water storage cavity to form certain water pressure, and under the action of the water pressure, the water coming from the water storage cavity 31 is uniformly distributed on the whole cross section of the cylindrical soil sample through the micropores 32, so that uniform rain infiltration on the cross section of the cylindrical soil sample is realized.
The test method for simulating rainfall humidification in the triaxial test of the invention is further described by the following specific examples, and the specific process is as follows:
1. a triaxial sample body 13 is prepared.
The method comprises the following steps of manufacturing a cylindrical soil sample according to a certain density, sequentially placing first filter paper 7, a micropore uniform water distribution device 3, a geotextile 6 and a triaxial sample top cap 2 above the cylindrical soil sample, sealing the micropore uniform water distribution device 3 and the triaxial sample top cap 2 through a sealing screw and a sealing ring, sequentially placing second filter paper 8 and a permeable stone 9 below the cylindrical soil sample, and wrapping the triaxial sample body 3 with a rubber membrane 12.
2. The prepared triaxial sample body 13 is then placed in the pressure chamber 11, and the loading rod 15 of the pressure chamber 11 is brought into contact with the positioning groove 21 of the triaxial sample top cap 2.
3. The water tank 41 is connected to the water inlet 22 of the tri-axial sample overcap 2 by a water outlet line through the overcap water inlet control valve 45.
4. The inlet/outlet water control valve 14 of the pressure chamber 11 is opened to fill the pressure chamber 11 with water, and the inlet/outlet water control valve 14 is closed when the pressure chamber 11 is filled with water. According to the test protocol, the pressure in the pressure chamber 11 is adjusted to a set value by means of a triaxial apparatus control system.
5. Opening a sample drain valve 10 of a sample drain pipeline at the bottom of a triaxial sample body 13, starting axial loading, applying deviation stress through a loading rod 15, carrying out a conventional triaxial shear test according to a test scheme to a set stress state, and automatically controlling and maintaining the stress state.
6. The servo motor 43 is started to work, the flow is adjusted according to the change of the rain intensity of the test target, the computer records the water supply flow in real time, and the computer can calculate by recording the rotation turns of the ball screw 44 to obtain the water supply flow.
7. And (3) opening a top cap water inlet control valve 45 of the triaxial sample top cap 2, carrying out a rainfall unsaturated humidification test under a certain stress condition, and collecting sample humidification deformation data in the humidification process in real time through a sensor connected with a control system of a triaxial tester. The sensor for acquiring the wet deformation data can adopt a displacement sensor, a radial sensor and a flow sensor in the prior art. The displacement sensor can be arranged on the loading rod 15, the radial sensor is arranged around the triaxial sample body 13, the flow sensors can be respectively arranged on the water inlet and outlet control valve 14 and the sample drainage pipeline of the pressure chamber 11, the axial, radial and volume changes of the cylindrical soil sample can be obtained by sending data collected by the displacement sensor, the radial sensor and the flow sensors to the computer, and the data collection of the part is the prior art and is not described in detail herein.
8. And after the test target rainfall process is finished, closing the top cap water inlet control valve 45 of the triaxial sample top cap 2, and continuing to perform the triaxial shear test.
9. After the test is finished, the confining pressure is removed, the water inlet and outlet control valves 14 of the pressure chambers 11 are opened, and after the water in the pressure chambers 11 is emptied, the relevant test devices are sequentially removed.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A test device for simulating rainfall humidification in a triaxial test is characterized by comprising a triaxial tester, an external water supply device and a control system;
the triaxial tester comprises a pressure chamber, a rubber die, a triaxial sample body and a triaxial tester control system, wherein a water inlet and outlet control valve is arranged at the bottom of the pressure chamber, a loading rod penetrates through the top of the pressure chamber, and the rubber die is used for wrapping the triaxial sample body, placing the triaxial sample body in the pressure chamber and locating right below the loading rod;
the triaxial sample body comprises a cylindrical soil sample, a triaxial sample top cap, a micropore uniform water distribution device, a geotextile, first filter paper, second filter paper and permeable stones, the top of the cylindrical soil sample is provided with the triaxial sample top cap, the first filter paper and the micropore uniform water distribution device are arranged between the cylindrical soil sample and the triaxial sample top cap, the geotextile is arranged between the micropore uniform water distribution device and the triaxial sample top cap, the second filter paper and the permeable stone are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical soil sample, more than one sample drainage hole is arranged at the bottom of the triaxial tester, water in the cylindrical soil sample is discharged to the outside of the pressure chamber through the sample drainage hole and a sample drainage pipeline, the outer end part of each sample drainage pipeline is fixedly provided with a sample drainage valve, the triaxial apparatus control system is used for controlling the pressure of the pressure chamber and the loading and unloading of the loading rod; the micropore uniform water distribution device adopts a cylinder with the same size as the triaxial sample top cap, the top of the micropore uniform water distribution device is provided with a groove to form a water storage cavity, and micropores with the same size are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the water storage cavity;
the external water supply device and the control system comprise a water tank, a servo motor, a piston, a ball screw and a computer, wherein the piston is slidably inserted in the water tank, the outer end part of the piston is fixedly connected with the ball screw, the output end of the servo motor is fixedly connected with the ball screw, a water outlet of the water tank enters the pressure chamber through a water outlet pipeline and is connected with a water inlet of the triaxial sample top cap, a top cap water inlet control valve is arranged on the water outlet pipeline, and the computer controls the servo motor to work so as to simulate different rainfall conditions.
2. The device for simulating rainfall humidification in triaxial test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the triaxial sample top cap is a cylinder, a positioning groove for contacting the loading rod is arranged at the top of the triaxial sample top cap, a water inlet hole is arranged on one side of the triaxial sample top cap in a penetrating manner, a cavity for accommodating the geotextile is arranged at the lower part of the triaxial sample top cap, and a plurality of screw holes are further arranged at the bottom of the triaxial sample top cap in the circumferential direction.
3. The triaxial test device for simulating rainfall humidification in the triaxial test as claimed in claim 2, wherein the top of the microporous uniform water distribution device is further provided with an annular sealing groove for placing an O-ring, and a plurality of screw through holes are correspondingly arranged at intervals on the periphery of the microporous uniform water distribution device corresponding to the positions of the screw holes of the triaxial test sample top cap.
4. The test device for simulating rainfall humidification in a triaxial test as claimed in claim 3, wherein a plurality of pressure-bearing protrusions are further arranged in the water storage cavity at intervals.
5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein each of the micro-holes has a diameter of 0.2mm or less.
6. A test method for simulating rainfall humidification in a triaxial test is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a triaxial sample body, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a cylindrical soil sample according to a preset density, sequentially placing first filter paper, a micropore uniform water distribution device, a geotextile and a triaxial sample top cap above the cylindrical soil sample, sealing the micropore uniform water distribution device and the triaxial sample top cap, sequentially placing second filter paper and a permeable stone below the cylindrical soil sample, and wrapping a triaxial sample body by using a rubber mold, wherein the micropore uniform water distribution device adopts a cylinder with the same size as the triaxial sample top cap, the top of the micropore uniform water distribution device is provided with a groove to form a water storage cavity, and the bottom of the water storage cavity is uniformly provided with micropores with the same size; 2) placing a triaxial sample body in a pressure chamber, and enabling a loading rod of the pressure chamber to contact the top of a triaxial sample top cap of the triaxial sample body;
3) connecting a water tank of an external water supply device and a control system to a water inlet of a triaxial sample top cap through a water outlet pipeline;
4) opening a water inlet and outlet control valve of the pressure chamber to inject water into the pressure chamber, closing the water inlet and outlet control valve after the pressure chamber is filled with water, and adjusting the pressure of the pressure chamber to a set value through a triaxial apparatus control system according to a test scheme;
5) opening a sample drain valve of a sample drain pipeline at the bottom of the triaxial sample body, applying a deviation stress through a loading rod, enabling a conventional triaxial shear test to reach a set stress state according to a test scheme, and automatically controlling and maintaining the stress state;
6) the computer of the external water supply device and the control system starts a servo motor to work, the flow is adjusted according to the change of the rain intensity of the test target, and the computer of the external water supply device and the control system records the water supply flow in real time;
7) opening a top cap water inlet control valve of a triaxial sample top cap, performing a rainfall unsaturated humidification test under a certain stress condition, and acquiring sample humidification deformation data in the humidification process in real time through a sensor connected with a triaxial test instrument control system;
8) after the test target rainfall process is finished, closing a top cap water inlet control valve of the top cap of the triaxial sample, and continuing to perform a triaxial shear test;
9) after the test is finished, the confining pressure is removed, and the water inlet and outlet control valve of the pressure chamber is opened to drain the water in the pressure chamber.
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| CN108593455A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-09-28 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of pre- disintegration mud stone slaking deformation experimental rig with air-tightness |
| CN109752250B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2024-07-05 | 北京交通大学 | Device and method for synchronously loading internal and external pressures in mud-water splitting test |
| CN109612910A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-04-12 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | A kind of portable pervious concrete pavement device for testing permeability coefficient and test method |
| CN112763401B (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-09-24 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Rockfill material humidifying deformation test device and method for simulating rainfall infiltration through servo control |
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| CN103308438A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-18 | 长安大学 | Modular soil body permeability tester |
| CN104458529B (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2018-02-16 | 东华理工大学 | Unsaturated soil rain infiltration simulation test device in a kind of multifunctional room |
| CN104677803A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-06-03 | 河南理工大学 | Constant and variable head composite penetration testing device |
| CN106324045A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-01-11 | 西安理工大学 | Device for testing electric conductivity and soil-water characteristics of loess |
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