CN107535701A - The processing method of cereal in a kind of beef cattle and dairy cow diet - Google Patents
The processing method of cereal in a kind of beef cattle and dairy cow diet Download PDFInfo
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- CN107535701A CN107535701A CN201710852590.4A CN201710852590A CN107535701A CN 107535701 A CN107535701 A CN 107535701A CN 201710852590 A CN201710852590 A CN 201710852590A CN 107535701 A CN107535701 A CN 107535701A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of processing method of cereal in beef cattle and dairy cow diet, the cereal in daily ration is soaked 48 hours at room temperature in 1% watery hydrochloric acid first, then powdered sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate powder are added, it is well mixed, make acid-base neutralization, then the cereal after processing is well mixed with other components in daily ration.Cereal starch structure changes in beef cattle and dairy cow diet after present invention processing, significantly reduces degradation rate of the starch in cud in cereal, greatly reduces subacute senile risk.The present invention can effectively prevent the decline of beef cattle and cow rumen liquid pH value, be also beneficial to improve the speed of growth and milk production of cow of beef cattle, shorten beef ox fattening marketing time, and keep the cud health of ox, have larger economic value.Simple to operate, low raw-material cost of the invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to animal-breeding technical field, and in particular to the processing side of cereal in a kind of beef cattle and dairy cow diet
Method.
Background technology
In beef cattle and Cow product, usually there is the shortage of seasonal and provincialism in Forage Germplasm Resources particularly high-quality roughage.
In this case, in order to meet the nutritional need of beef cattle fast-growth and the high output of milk of milk cow, culturist has in daily ration
The middle fine fodder using higher proportion.High-precision low thick daily ration structure easily causes ruminal metabolism exception.When ox searches for food high fine fodder day
During grain, starch is largely degraded, and rumen ph declines, and cud Tiny ecosystem changes.If rumen ph is less than normal level, knurl then occurs for ox
Hydrochloric acid in gastric juice is poisoned.Degree is declined according to rumen ph and duration, rumen ecology are divided into acute rumen ecology（acute
Ruminal acidosis, ARA）And subacute senile（Subacute ruminal acidosis, SARA）.ARA and
SARA ruminal pH value is respectively defined as<5.0 and<5.6, ruminal pH value declined the duration more than 3 hours.ARA is to ox
Although harm is more serious than SARA, ARA incidence is relatively low in actual production（Generally<1%）, and SARA is more more normal than ARA
See.In the U.S., for Lactation of Dairy Cow early stage SARA incidence up to 19%, lactation mid-term SARA incidence is up to 26%.It is big in Australia
Leah and Ireland, the milk cow herded on the meadow based on English ryegrass, its SARA incidence is 10%~15%.
High quality forage more lacks in China's raising dairy cattle, and SARA generation is more commonly.It is estimated that in China's Cow product, SARA's
Incidence may be up to more than 50% in the area having.Therefore, SARA turns into most important Nutrition and Metabolism in whole world Cow product
Disease；In current beef cattle production, SARA is also most common nutrition metabolic diseases.
High fine fodder daily ration also tends to cause hepatapostema, fatty liver, founder, displaced abomasums contour in addition to SARA is caused
Fine fodder daily ration correlated metabolism diseases, it is unfavorable for the development of beef cattle and milk cow health cultivation.Beef cattle and cow feeding high fine fodder day
During grain, starch fast degradation in cereal is volatile fatty acid by rumen microorganism（VFA）, the VFA in cud is largely accumulated,
The decline of rumen ph is caused, this is the major reason for causing SARA and other high fine fodder daily ration correlated metabolism diseases.Therefore, grind
Studying carefully reduces degradation rate of the starch in cud in cereal, effectively can prevent or reduce SARA and other high fine fodder daily ration associated metabolics
Property disease generation, so as to improve, beef cattle and milk cow health be horizontal and production performance.
At present, University of Alberta: Alberta, Canada have studied barley processing method in a kind of dairy cow diet, i.e. lactic acid treatment method.
Barley can be effectively reduced degraded of the starch in cud in barley for 48 hours by them with 0.5%~1% lactic acid immersion treatment
Rate（Iqbal etc., 2009,2010）.But substantial amounts of lactic acid residues in cereal the acidity that can increase rumen fluid, is unfavorable for rumen fluid
The raising of pH value.In addition, if room temperature is higher（>25℃）, cereal during with dilute lactic acid treatment easily go mouldy with
Become sour.
The content of the invention
For deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide paddy in a kind of beef cattle and dairy cow diet
How the processing method of thing, solution reduce degradation rate of the starch in cud in cereal, prevent or reduce SARA and other high-precision
The generation of daily ration correlated metabolism diseases is expected, the problem of so as to improve horizontal beef cattle and milk cow health and production performance.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：The processing of cereal in a kind of beef cattle and dairy cow diet
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）The cereal in beef cattle and dairy cow diet is taken, is put into container；
2）1% watery hydrochloric acid is prepared, is slowly added into step 1）Container in mixed with cereal, stir, place 48 at room temperature
Hour, the weight ratio of 1% watery hydrochloric acid and cereal is 1:1；
3）To step 2）Mixture in add dietary alkali（Sodium carbonate）Or sodium bicarbonate（Sodium acid carbonate）, it is well mixed, makes soda acid
Neutralize, the addition of the dietary alkali or sodium bicarbonate is the 1%-2% of 1% watery hydrochloric acid weight；
4）By step 3）Processed good cereal is directly well mixed with other components in daily ration.
Further, the step 1）Middle cereal is the one or more in corn, wheat, barley, oat or rye.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
1st, the present invention changes the starch structure in cereal using cereal in 1% watery hydrochloric acid immersion beef cattle and dairy cow diet
Become, degradation rate of the starch in cud significantly reduces in cereal.It is soluble in cereal when this is primarily due to use acid treatment cereal
Content of starch reduces, and resistance starch content increase.Soluble starch is degraded quickly in cud, resistant starch in cud only
Partial digestion, it is most of then into degrading in small intestine so that the volatile fatty acid total amount in cud is reduced, and then avoid
Rumen ph declines rapidly, greatly reduces subacute senile risk.The present invention innovatively cereal through watery hydrochloric acid at
Again with enough weak base after reason（Dietary alkali and sodium bicarbonate）Neutralization reaction is carried out, the watery hydrochloric acid in handled cereal can be eliminated, with
It is avoided to cause the side effect that pH is reduced in cud.The present invention can effectively prevent the decline of rumen fluid pH value, be also beneficial to
Improve beef cattle the speed of growth and milk production of cow, shorten beef ox fattening marketing time, and keep ox cud health, have compared with
Big economic value.Simple to operate, low raw-material cost of the invention.
2nd, the present invention uses watery hydrochloric acid, and the pKa for being on the one hand due to hydrochloric acid is -8, and it is acid stronger, for changing cereal
The effect of middle starch structure is more preferable.On the other hand, hydrochloric acid be beef cattle and milk cow abomasum secretion hydrochloric acid in gastric juice composition, treated paddy
If there is a small amount of watery hydrochloric acid in thing, it is not belonging to exotic matter for animal body, will not be to animal body health
Threaten.According to our research, with the HCl treatment cereal more than or equal to 1% concentration, it can effectively slow down cereal in cud
Degradation rate, therefore hydrochloric acid residual quantity in processed cereal can be reduced with 1% watery hydrochloric acid processing cereal, it is also beneficial to drop
Reduction process cost.Further, since hydrochloric acid is strong acid, the hydrochloric acid of 1% concentration can effectively prevent that cereal is treated when room temperature is higher
Go mouldy and become sour in journey.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to specific embodiment.
First, the processing method of cereal in beef cattle/dairy cow diet is planted
Embodiment 1
1）Prepare watery hydrochloric acid（Concentration is 1%）：Running water 9.73kg is weighed, is added in the Plastic Drum that can contain 15 kg water；Measure
Concentration is 37% hydrochloric acid 0.27L, is slowly added into the Plastic Drum, agitates by adding（Hydrochloric acid is avoided to touch body）.
2）Weigh the kg of the cereal such as corn, wheat, barley 10（Non-powder cereal should be crushed）, 30 kg water can be contained by being put into
Plastic Drum in.
3）Above-mentioned 1% watery hydrochloric acid is poured slowly into the Plastic Drum for filling cereal, stirred（Hydrochloric acid is avoided to touch
Body）, watery hydrochloric acid was not had cereal completely, place 48 hours at room temperature.
4）0.1 kg powdery edibles alkali or 0.2 kg saleratus powers are weighed, is put into step 3）In processed good cereal, stir
Mix uniformly, then with other components in daily ration（Raw material）It is well mixed.
Embodiment 2
1）Prepare watery hydrochloric acid（Concentration is 1%）：The kg of running water 48.65 is weighed, is added in the acid-resistant container that can contain 75 kg water；
The hydrochloric acid 1.35L that concentration is 37% is measured, is slowly added into processing container, agitates by adding（Hydrochloric acid is avoided to touch body
Body）.
2）Weigh the kg of the cereal such as corn, wheat, barley 50（Non-powder cereal should be crushed）, 150 kg can be contained by being put into
In the container of water.
3）Above-mentioned 1% watery hydrochloric acid is poured slowly into the container for filling cereal, stirred（Hydrochloric acid is avoided to touch body
Body）, watery hydrochloric acid was not had cereal completely, place 48 hours at room temperature.
4）0.5 kg powdery edibles alkali or 1 kg saleratus powers are weighed, is put into step 3）In processed good cereal, stirring
Uniformly, then with other components in daily ration（Raw material）It is well mixed.
Embodiment 3
1）Prepare watery hydrochloric acid（Concentration is 1%）：The kg of running water 97.3 is weighed, is added in the acid-resistant container that can contain 150 kg water；
2.7 liters of the hydrochloric acid that concentration is 37% is measured, is slowly added into processing container, agitates by adding（Hydrochloric acid is avoided to touch body
Body）.
2）Weigh the kg of the cereal such as corn, wheat, barley 100（Non-powder cereal should be crushed）, 300kg can be contained by being put into
In the container of water.
3）Above-mentioned 1% watery hydrochloric acid is poured slowly into the container for filling cereal, stirred（Hydrochloric acid is avoided to touch body
Body）, watery hydrochloric acid was not had cereal completely.Place 48 hours at room temperature；
4）1 kg powdery edibles alkali or 2 kg saleratus powers are weighed, are put into step 3）In processed good cereal, stir, so
Afterwards with other components in daily ration（Raw material）It is well mixed.
2nd, application effect of products
1st, beef cattle is verified
Test Diet Formula（Air bells dry basis weight percentage）：Sheep's hay 11.5%, sorghum vinasse 28.5%, corn 48.76%, dish
The seed dregs of rice 8.61%, salt 0.30%, stone flour 2.05%, additive compound premix 0.28%.
Daily ration is tested with reference to China's issue《China Feeding Standard of Beef Cattle》（NY/T—2004）Design, daily ration coarse-fine ratio are
40:60。
Test method：From 36 average weight 365kg catalo（Xia Luolai × western Shandong）, it is randomly divided into 3 groups, every group
12, one of which is control group（Corn is not dealt with the daily ration of feeding）, one group is embodiment group（It is beautiful in the daily ration of feeding
Rice processing method is the same as embodiment 1）, one group is Lactic acid test group（Corn does not add through 1% lactic acid treatment 48h in the daily ration of feeding
Sodium bicarbonate or edible alkali process）, experimental period is 25 days.Experiment beef cattle is raised by the way of single head is fastened in cowshed, daily
Feeding 2 times, free choice feeding and free water.During off-test, rumen fluid is gathered using oral cancer stomach catheter.Conduit inserts cud
In depth be about 200cm, the 50ml rumen fluids most started are given up due to the pollution by saliva.The 200ml then collected
For rumen fluid through hygienic filtered through gauze, the sample filtered counts measure pH values with portable pH immediately.In on-test and end
When distinguish the body weight of continuous two days measurement test ox, and calculate daily gain.Feed intake is determined during experiment daily.
Result of the test：Control group beef cattle rumen fluid pH value is 5.62, and lactic acid treatment group beef cattle rumen fluid pH value is 6.34, and
Soda acid treatment group beef cattle rumen fluid pH value has reached 6.73.The daily gain of control group is 965g, and being averaged for lactic acid treatment group increases day by day
Weight is 1140g, and the average daily gain of soda acid treatment group is then 1203g.The dry daily ingestion amount of three groups of oxen is respectively 5.78
Kg, 5.83 kg and 5.86kg.Result of the test shows that carrying out 1% watery hydrochloric acid to corn in cattle diet adds mild alkaline treatment, can be effective
Prevent rumen fluid pH value from declining, and significantly improve daily gain.
Above-mentioned result of the test shows that the present invention can more effectively prevent the decline of beef cattle rumen fluid pH value, can significantly carry
High beef cattle daily gain, shorten beef ox fattening marketing time, there is larger economic value, suitable for the fast well-fattened of beef cattle.
2nd, milk cow is verified
Test Diet Formula（Dry matter basis weight percentage）：Corn stalk 35.0%, corn 35.26%, dregs of beans 20.62%, entirely
Cottonseed 7.18%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.84%, salt 0.50%, additive compound premix 0.60%.
Daily ration is tested with reference to NRC（2001）Dairy cow nutrition needs to be designed, and daily ration coarse-fine ratio is 35:65.
Test method：It is similar from 30 daily yieldings（Average out to 17kg）, body weight is close（Average 540kg）, body condition is good
It is good（Body Condition Score average 2.86）, in lactation mid-term through production（2~3 tires）Holstein cow, is randomly divided into 3 groups, every group 10,
One of which is control group（Corn is not dealt with the daily ration of feeding）, one group is embodiment group（In the daily ration of feeding at corn
Reason method is the same as embodiment 1）, one group is Lactic acid test group（Corn does not add little Su through 1% lactic acid treatment 48h in the daily ration of feeding
Beat or edible alkali process）, experimental period is 42 days.Timing daily（8:30 and 17:30）Feed TRM（TMR）, ensure every
Head ox all searches for food enough TMR, and surplus doses is no more than the 5% of inventory.Free water after cow feeding, free movement.Daily
Timing rushes to the milking of the milk Room twice（8:00 and 19:00）.During off-test, rumen fluid is gathered using oral cancer stomach catheter.Conduit
The depth inserted in cud is about 200cm, and the 50ml rumen fluids most started are given up due to the pollution by saliva.Then receive
For the 200ml rumen fluids of collection through filtered through gauze, the sample filtered determines pH values with portable pH meter immediately.Test last week often
Collecting milk sample when it milks sooner or later, sooner or later by 3:2 ratios are mixed into 50ml milk samples, standby to survey conventional ingredients in milk and body cell
Number.The output of milk and dry matter intake are determined during experiment daily.
Result of the test：Control group cow rumen liquid pH value is 5.54, and lactic acid treatment group cow rumen liquid pH value is 6.21, and
Soda acid treatment group cow rumen liquid pH value is 6.60；Control group day milk production 17.80kg, lactic acid treatment group day milk production 20.12kg, and
The milk production of soda acid treatment group day is 22.05 kg；Butterfat percnetage is respectively 3.96%, 4.16% and 4.21% in the milk of three groups of oxen, newborn egg
Bai Hanliang is respectively 3.03%, 3.08% and 3.10%；Every milliliter of somatic number is respectively 230.64 × 103、215.52×103With
210.34×103.The dry daily ingestion amount of three groups of oxen is 18.14kg, 18.82kg and 19.02kg.Result of the test is shown, right
Corn progress watery hydrochloric acid adds mild alkaline treatment in dairy cow diet, can effectively prevent rumen fluid pH value from declining, can significantly improve the output of milk
With improvement milk quality.
Above-mentioned result of the test shows that the present invention more can effectively prevent the decline of cow rumen liquid pH value, can significantly increase
The output of milk of milk cow, and improve milk quality, there is larger economic value.
Finally illustrate, the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although with reference to compared with
The present invention is described in detail good embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to the skill of the present invention
Art scheme is modified or equivalent substitution, and without departing from the objective and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover at this
Among the right of invention.
Claims (2)
1. the processing method of cereal in a kind of beef cattle and dairy cow diet, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）The cereal in beef cattle and dairy cow diet is taken, is put into container；
2）1% watery hydrochloric acid is prepared, is slowly added into step 1）Container in mixed with cereal, stir, place 48 at room temperature
Hour, the weight ratio of 1% watery hydrochloric acid and cereal is 1:1；
3）To step 2）Mixture in add dietary alkali powder or sodium bicarbonate powder, be well mixed, make acid-base neutralization, the food
With 1%~2% that the addition of alkali or sodium bicarbonate is 1% watery hydrochloric acid weight；
4）By step 3）Processed good cereal is directly well mixed with other components in daily ration.
2. the processing method of cereal in beef cattle according to claim 1 and dairy cow diet, it is characterised in that the step 1）
Cereal be corn, wheat, barley, oat or rye in one or more.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110506844A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-11-29 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of processing method improving barley seed as milk cow forage raw material availability |
Citations (2)
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| CN102068454A (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2011-05-25 | 王之盛 | Slow-release regulating agent for preventing rumen acidosis and preparation method thereof |
| CN103300227A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-09-18 | 扬州大学 | Thiamine preparation for preventing and treating rumen acid chronic acidosis |
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2017
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102068454A (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2011-05-25 | 王之盛 | Slow-release regulating agent for preventing rumen acidosis and preparation method thereof |
| CN103300227A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-09-18 | 扬州大学 | Thiamine preparation for preventing and treating rumen acid chronic acidosis |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110506844A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-11-29 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of processing method improving barley seed as milk cow forage raw material availability |
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