CN107529934A - 家用餐具洗涤机和餐具洗涤方法 - Google Patents
家用餐具洗涤机和餐具洗涤方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107529934A CN107529934A CN201680024158.XA CN201680024158A CN107529934A CN 107529934 A CN107529934 A CN 107529934A CN 201680024158 A CN201680024158 A CN 201680024158A CN 107529934 A CN107529934 A CN 107529934A
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
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- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- UZVUJVFQFNHRSY-OUTKXMMCSA-J tetrasodium;(2s)-2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]pentanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC[C@@H](C([O-])=O)N(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UZVUJVFQFNHRSY-OUTKXMMCSA-J 0.000 description 1
- DTXLBRAVKYTGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-(1,2-dicarboxylatoethylamino)-3-hydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(C([O-])=O)NC(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O DTXLBRAVKYTGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/0018—Controlling processes, i.e. processes to control the operation of the machine characterised by the purpose or target of the control
- A47L15/0021—Regulation of operational steps within the washing processes, e.g. optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending from the detergent nature or from the condition of the crockery
- A47L15/0028—Washing phases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/0002—Washing processes, i.e. machine working principles characterised by phases or operational steps
- A47L15/0007—Washing phases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/0018—Controlling processes, i.e. processes to control the operation of the machine characterised by the purpose or target of the control
- A47L15/0047—Energy or water consumption, e.g. by saving energy or water
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/0018—Controlling processes, i.e. processes to control the operation of the machine characterised by the purpose or target of the control
- A47L15/0055—Metering or indication of used products, e.g. type or quantity of detergent, rinse aid or salt; for measuring or controlling the product concentration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/42—Details
- A47L15/4229—Water softening arrangements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/42—Details
- A47L15/4278—Nozzles
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种自动餐具洗涤的方法,其在具有洗涤槽的餐具洗涤机中进行,所述方法包括:在第一步骤中,将第一组合物以喷雾的形式递送至在所述槽中的餐具;并且其后,在第二步骤中,将第二组合物以喷流的形式递送至在所述槽中的所述餐具;其中,所述第一组合物和所述第二组合物是不同的,所述第一组合物包含漂白剂,而所述第二组合物是碱性的并包含助洗剂。本发明还提供了适于实施本发明方法的餐具洗涤机。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及家用餐具洗涤,特别是性能优于当前所谓“快洗”程序的方法。
背景技术
自动餐具洗涤机已在家用和商用场合中存在了数十年。与手动餐具洗涤相比,它们在清洁速度、清洁一致性和便利性方面提供了切实的益处。
自动餐具洗涤机用于家用和商业/机构市场,但其设计根据目标市场而差异迥然。商业/机构市场需要更高的尺寸和/或吞吐量,因此与家用机相比,商业/机构市场的机器通常具有短得多但能量密度更高(例如更高的温度和/或更大的机械作用)循环。非家用机器可以基于下述传送***,其中餐具通过餐具洗涤机的单个或多个槽移动,而在现代家用机器中,餐具通常一般总会在餐具洗涤机的一个槽中保持固定,并且所有的洗涤步骤都在该单个槽中进行。
非家用餐具洗涤机也倾向于设计为使用侵蚀性大得多的化学物质(例如碱性非常高的洗涤剂)。通常,它们不会使用酶,因为这些酶需要一定的与处理脏污的接触时间(经济上可行的负载水平)以有效地进行,并且商用循环时间太短。相比之下,在家用餐具洗涤中,蛋白酶和淀粉酶已被描述为现代制剂中绝对不可或缺的成分(Enzymes in Industry,2007年第3版,第5.2.2节)。
当前持续地推动消费电器越来越环保,这对于餐具洗涤机而言意味着通过开发较低温度循环而提高能量效率,并减少用水。显然,这需要与实现可接受的清洁性能相平衡,目前只有当前技术才能实现减少。当洗涤水的体积过低时,因为更难以将脏污保持悬浮在更浓缩的体系中,因而脏污的再沉积(污渍最初从餐具表面升起而后由洗涤水携带并沉积回到其它物品上)是本领域内特别的问题。
除了使机器整体更环保外,目前的餐具洗涤机也有一系列供消费者在每次洗涤之间进行选择的不同程序。这些程序的范围从用于最大清洁的非常热门的循环(其通常持续一个多小时)至以最小能量需求进行洗涤的甚至更长的“生态”循环。虽然这种循环的清洁性能可能被认为是足够的,但现代消费者对于等待如此长的时间来获得干净的餐具是不满意的。
当今可以使用一些餐具洗涤机,其具有较短洗涤程序作为其选项之一,但这些循环仅设计用于清洁轻度脏污的餐具。例如,Miele G698SC Plus机器具有用于轻度脏污的餐具的“短时45℃”程序,其没有预洗或干燥阶段,仅持续32分钟。然而,这在每次完整洗涤中仍消耗13至14升水。具有最节水循环(约6升)的机器往往是更持久的“生态”循环。
合意的是具有清洁性能改善的非常短的洗涤程序,其能作用于更顽固的脏污,但仍提供减少的水消耗,并且其不需要使用更严苛或更昂贵的洗涤剂。理想情况下,能耗也将减少。
作为响应,本发明人创造了一种非常短但有效的家用餐具洗涤方法,其根本不需要使用酶,并且性能优于当前“快洗”程序。这包括递送作为喷雾的含漂白剂的组合物和作为喷流的含助洗剂的第二碱性组合物。
WO2013/160661(RB)公开了一种自动餐具洗涤的方法,其包括将脏污的餐具与洗涤剂喷雾接触,该喷雾被雾化至其中>95%的颗粒直径小于2微米的尺寸。可以使用单个喷雾源喷嘴,并且据称较小的颗粒更快地充填餐具洗涤机,以如气体的方式起作用,并且到达不在喷嘴的“视线”内的物品表面。这些小颗粒显然更有效地渗入食品脏污中。在该文件中,虽然漂洗助剂可以在主洗后单独递送,但是在主洗期间没有不同洗涤剂成分的相继投配,也没有教导在循环期间为不同组合物使用不同的递送机制。
类似地,EP1586263(Panasonic)公开了使用喷雾进行第一清洁步骤,其使洗涤剂渗入脏污中,然后进行第二清洁步骤以从表面去除脏污。喷雾以微米级雾化,可通过超声振动器或垂直于气流嘴定位的喷嘴形成。其没有公开在两个步骤中使用不同的洗涤剂成分。
EP0487474(Electrolux)提出使用超声或气溶胶方法来形成包含表面活性剂或酶的组合物的“冷”液体雾,其在板上冷凝。液滴直径控制在0.5至25微米的范围内。常规的喷雾臂也存在于该机器中。
发明内容
本发明人发现,尽管将整个洗涤剂组合物作为喷雾递送减少了水消耗,但是性能与使用传统的喷雾机构相比欠佳,这是因为水的机械作用对于某些类型的脏污的清洁非常重要。具体而言,一些脏污的清洁可以从水的机械作用中受益,而可漂洗的脏污无需要高喷力就可除去。因此,已经发现,通过在不同类型的喷雾机构中递送不同的清洁组合物(所述喷雾机构定制用于相应的洗涤剂成分),可以在短循环的情况下减少耗水量并改进性能。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了如权利要求1所述的方法。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了如权利要求12所述的自动餐具洗涤机。
附图说明
图1示出了Miele G698SC Plus餐具洗涤机的“短时45℃”程序的温度曲线,以及本发明实施方式的洗涤程序的概况和投配洗涤剂的点。
具体实施方式
除非特别声明或上下文另有要求,本文所述的实施方式同等地适用于本发明的所有方面。除非另有声明或上下文另有要求,所列举的百分比为重量百分比。
本发明涉及具有洗涤槽的餐具洗涤机,特别适用于具有单个槽的餐具洗涤机和/或非传送带型机器,其中所述机器不将餐具输送通过洗涤区。在存在多个槽的情况下,第一组合物和第二组合物在同一槽中递送至相同餐具。
根据本发明,第一组合物作为喷雾递送,第二组合物作为喷流递送。以这种方式递送各组合物在短时间内产生有效的清洁。如本文所述,第二组合物由递送的机械动作辅助,而第一组合物不是。通过以这种方式递送两种组合物,可以减少所需水的体积。具体而言,与使用传统喷雾臂相比,将第一组合物作为微细喷雾递送所需的水少得多。此外,将漂白剂组合物作为喷雾递送具有益处,因为这确保了在整个餐具洗涤机内部的更均匀分布。
喷流和喷雾的关系可以通过多种手段来定义。在一个实施方式中,第一组合物以比第二组合物低的动量递送。在一个实施方式中,第一组合物以低于第二组合物的质量流率递送。在一个实施方式中,第一组合物的羽流的密度低于第二组合物的喷流的密度。可以考虑在喷出之后即刻的喷流和喷雾的羽流,并且喷雾的密度将低于喷流的密度。具体而言,这些比较可以使得喷雾和喷流之间的各参数的比为至少2:1但优选3:1。
在某些实施方式中,第一组合物和第二组合物之间的动量或质量流率或密度的比为至少1:2,其优选为至少1:3。
优选地,第一组合物以5微米至500微米的平均粒径递送。优选地,50%的颗粒具有小于60微米的直径。
喷雾粒径一般可以为
DV(10)=35微米
DV(50)=50微米
DV(90)=120微米
(其中DV(X)=小于该值的颗粒的X%)
该方法的主要步骤是递送漂白剂的第一步骤,递送助洗剂的第二步骤,以及可选的第三和第四漂洗步骤。该方法中可能存在额外的步骤,例如在第一步骤之前发生的预漂洗步骤,或在第二步骤之后的另一清洁步骤。然而,为了保持该方法尽可能短的益处,在该方法中优选不存在额外的清洁或漂洗步骤。
在一个实施方式中,在该方法结束时使用主动干燥步骤,例如涉及主动加热。在另一实施方式中,该方法中没有主动干燥步骤。餐具洗涤机可以在最后一次清洁/漂洗阶段后终止程序,消费者可以简单地打开机器的门,以允许水蒸汽逸出,并使餐具自然干燥。这与现今的“快洗”程序相当,该程序在结束时通常还具有湿餐具。
第一组合物包含漂白剂。这可以是氯漂白剂或氧漂白剂,但优选为氧漂白剂。这可以是例如过氧化氢或过氧化氢前体。
最优选地,漂白剂选自无机过水合物和有机过酸及由其衍生的盐。
无机过水合物的实例包括过硫酸盐如过氧单过硫酸盐(KMPS)、过硼酸盐或过碳酸盐。无机过水合物通常是碱金属盐,例如锂、钠或钾盐,特别是钠盐。无机过水合物可以作为结晶固体存在于洗涤剂中而无进一步的保护。然而,对于某些过水合物,有利的是使用它们作为带有涂层的颗粒状组合物,其赋予颗粒状产品更长的保质期。
优选的过碳酸盐是式2Na2CO3.3H2O2的过碳酸钠。当存在过碳酸盐时,其优选以经涂覆的形式使用,以提高其稳定性。
有机过酸包括传统上用作漂白剂的所有有机过酸,包括例如过苯甲酸和过氧羧酸,例如单或二过氧邻苯二甲酸、2-辛基二过氧琥珀酸、二过氧十二烷二羧酸、二过氧壬二酸和亚氨基过氧羧酸,以及可选的其盐。特别优选的是邻苯二甲酰亚氨基过己酸(PAP)。
漂白化合物可以是氯类漂白剂化合物或前体,例如次氯酸钠或次氯酸钙。
在一个实施方式中,第一组合物还包含漂白活化剂和/或漂白催化剂。
“漂白活化剂”在本文中是指与过氧漂白剂(例如过氧化氢)反应形成过酸的化合物。由此形成的过酸构成活化的漂白剂。本文使用的合适的漂白活化剂包括属于酯类、酰胺类、酰亚胺类或酐类的那些漂白活化剂。这种类型的适合化合物的实例公开在英国专利GB1,586,769和GB 2,143,231中,并且使它们形成为粒状形式的方法描述在欧洲专利申请公报EP-A-62 523中。
本文使用的这类化合物的合适的实例为四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)、3,5,5-三甲基己酰氧基苯磺酸钠、二过氧十二酸(例如US 4,818,425中所述)和过氧己二酸的壬基酰胺(例如US 4,259,201中所述)和正壬酰氧基苯磺酸盐(NOBS)。还合适的是选自由具有取代基或不具有取代基的苯甲酰基己内酰胺、辛酰基己内酰胺、壬酰基己内酰胺、己酰基己内酰胺、癸酰基己内酰胺、十一烯酰基己内酰胺、甲酰基己内酰胺、乙酰基己内酰胺、丙酰基己内酰胺、丁酰基己内酰胺、戊酰基己内酰胺或其混合物组成的组中的N-酰基己内酰胺。在EP 0,624,154中公开了所关注的特定漂白活化剂群组,特别优选的是该群组为乙酰基三乙基柠檬酸酯(ATC)。乙酰基三乙基柠檬酸酯具有环保的优点,因为其最终降解成柠檬酸和醇。此外,乙酰基三乙基柠檬酸酯在储存时在产品中具有良好的水解稳定性,并且其是高效的漂白活化剂。最后,其为组合物提供良好的构造能力。
可以使用任何合适的漂白催化剂,例如乙酸锰或双核锰络合物,例如EP 1,741,774中描述的那些。诸如过苯甲酸和过氧羧酸等有机过酸(例如PAP)不需要使用漂白活化剂或催化剂,因为这些漂白剂在相对低的温度(例如约30℃)有活性,这促使这种漂白材料是本发明中特别优选的。
第二组合物是碱性的并包含助洗剂。优选地,其pH大于7.5,优选大于8,优选大于9。优选地,所述pH小于13,优选小于12,优选小于11。
在一个实施方式中,第二组合物不含漂白剂。
助洗剂可以是磷酸盐助洗剂或不含磷酸盐的助洗剂,但优选不含磷酸盐。优选地,其选自氨基酸类化合物和/或琥珀酸盐类化合物。术语“琥珀酸盐类化合物”和“琥珀酸类化合物”在本文中可互换使用。本方法的每个组合物中可以使用常规量的氨基酸类化合物和/或琥珀酸盐类化合物。可使用的氨基酸类化合物的优选实例是MGDA(甲基-甘氨酸-二乙酸及其盐和衍生物)和GLDA(谷氨酸-N,N-二乙酸及其盐和衍生物)。
其它合适的助洗剂描述于US 6,426,229中,其通过引用并入本文。特别合适的助洗剂包括例如天冬氨酸-N-单乙酸(ASMA)、天冬氨酸-N,N-二乙酸(ASDA)、天冬氨酸-N-单丙酸(ASMP)、亚氨基二琥珀酸(IDA)、N-(2-磺甲基)天冬氨酸(SMAS)、N-(2-磺乙基)天冬氨酸(SEAS)、N-(2-磺甲基)谷氨酸(SMGL)、N-(2-磺乙基)谷氨酸(SEGL)、N-甲基亚氨基二乙酸(MIDA)、α-丙氨酸-N,N-二乙酸(α-ALDA)、β-丙氨酸-N,N-二乙酸(β-ALDA)、丝氨酸-N,N-二乙酸(SEDA)、异丝氨酸-N,N-二乙酸(ISDA)、苯丙氨酸-N,N-二乙酸(PHDA)、邻氨基苯甲酸-N,N-二乙酸(ANDA)、对氨基苯磺酸-N,N-二乙酸(SLDA)、牛磺酸-N,N-二乙酸(TUDA)和磺甲基-N,N-二乙酸(SMDA)及其碱金属盐或铵盐。
其它优选的琥珀酸盐化合物描述于US-A-5,977,053中并具有下式:
其中:R和R1彼此独立地表示H或OH;R2、R3、R4、R5彼此独立地表示阳离子、氢、碱金属离子或铵离子,所述铵离子具有通式R6R7R8R9N+,其中R6、R7、R8、R9彼此独立地表示氢、具有1至12个C原子的烷基或具有2至3个C原子的经羟基取代的烷基。
优选的实例包括亚氨基琥珀酸四钠。亚氨基二琥珀酸(IDS)和(羟基)亚氨基二琥珀酸(HIDS)及其碱金属盐或铵盐是特别优选的琥珀酸盐类助洗剂盐。
根据本发明特别优选的是,助洗剂包括甲基-甘氨酸-二乙酸、谷氨酸-N,N-二乙酸、亚氨基琥珀酸四钠或(羟基)亚氨基二琥珀酸或其盐或衍生物。
另一优选的助洗剂是2-(1-羧基-乙氧基)-2-甲基-丙二酸。
其它助洗剂包括具有羧基的非聚合物有机分子。作为含有羧基的有机分子的助洗剂化合物包括柠檬酸、富马酸、酒石酸、马来酸、乳酸及其盐。具体而言,可以使用这些有机化合物的碱金属或碱土金属盐,特别是钠盐。特别优选的无磷助洗剂是柠檬酸钠。包含两个羧基此类多羧酸盐包括例如丙二酸、(亚乙基二氧基)二乙酸、马来酸、二乙醇酸、酒石酸、丙醇二酸和富马酸的水溶性盐。含有三个羧基的此类多羧酸盐包括例如水溶性柠檬酸盐。相应地,合适的羟基羧酸为例如柠檬酸。
其它助洗剂包括多元羧酸及其部分或完全中和的盐的均聚物和共聚物、单体多元羧酸和羟基羧酸及其盐、磷酸盐和膦酸盐,以及这些物质的混合物。上述化合物的优选的盐是铵盐和/或碱金属盐,即锂、钠和钾盐,特别优选的盐是钠盐。优选的是有机的副助洗剂。一种聚合物多元羧酸是丙烯酸的均聚物。其它合适的副助洗剂公开在WO 95/01416中,在此明确引用其内容。
有用的螯合剂优选地选自1-羟基乙叉基-1,1-二膦酸(HEDP)、乙二胺二琥珀酸(EDDS)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA),二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)、二乙三胺五亚甲基膦酸(DTPMPA)、次氮基三乙酸(NTA),天冬氨酸二乙氧基琥珀酸(AES)、天冬氨酸-N,N-二乙酸(ASDA)、乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸(EDTMP)、亚氨基二富马酸(IDF)、亚氨基二酒石酸(IDT)、亚氨基二马来酸(IDMAL)、亚氨基二苹果酸(IDM)、乙二胺二富马酸(EDDF)、乙二胺二苹果酸(EDDM)、乙二胺二酒石酸(EDDT)、乙二胺二马来酸(EDDMAL)和氨基三(亚甲基膦酸)(ATMP);以及它们的盐和混合物。
当本文所述的任何螯合剂作为盐存在时,其可以作为金属盐(例如碱金属盐)存在,或者其可以作为铵盐或季铵盐存在。合适的金属盐包括钾、钠、硼、镁、锌的盐或其混合物。特别优选的是钠盐。合适的铵盐包括氨和乙醇胺的盐。
优选地,助洗剂存在的总量为组合物的至少20重量%,最优选至少25重量%,优选至多70重量%,优选至多65重量%,更优选至多60重量%。组合物中使用的实际量将取决于所用助洗剂的性质。
可视情况在任一组合物中包含其它常规成分,例如聚合物、共助洗剂、表面活性剂、染料、香味剂、消泡剂、防腐剂,材料护理/防腐蚀成分。
这些抗腐蚀剂可以提供对抗玻璃和/或金属腐蚀的益处,并且该术语包括旨在防止或减少有色金属(特别是银和铜)锈污的试剂。
出于防腐蚀益处,已知在洗涤剂组合物中(特别是在自动餐具洗涤组合物中)包括多价离子源。例如,已经因其抑制这种腐蚀的能力而包含了多价离子,特别是锌、铋和/或锰离子。已知适合用作银/铜腐蚀抑制剂的有机和无机氧化还原活性物质在WO94/26860和WO94/26859中提及。合适的无机氧化还原活性物质为例如选自由锌、铋、锰、钛、锆、铪、钒、钴和铈盐和/或络合物组成的组中的金属盐和/或金属络合物,所述金属处于氧化态II、III、IV、V或VI中的一种。特别合适的金属盐和/或金属络合物选自由MnSO4、柠檬酸Mn(II)、硬脂酸Mn(II)、乙酰丙酮Mn(II)、[1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸]Mn(II)、V2O5、V2O4、VO2、TiOSO4、K2TiF6、K2ZrF6、CoSO4、Co(NO3)2、乙酸锌、硫酸锌和Ce(NO3)3组成的组。可以使用任何合适的多价离子源,其中该源优选地选自硫酸盐、碳酸盐、乙酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐和金属-蛋白质化合物。锌盐是特别优选的腐蚀抑制剂。
其它玻璃器皿保护剂是阳离子聚合物。特别优选的聚合物是PEI或聚乙烯亚胺。
优选的银/铜防腐蚀剂是苯并***(BTA)或双-苯并***及其具有取代基的衍生物。其它合适的试剂是有机和/或无机氧化还原活性物质和石蜡油。苯并***衍生物是芳环上的可用取代位点被部分或完全取代的那些化合物。合适的取代基是直链或支链C1-20烷基以及羟基、硫基、苯基或卤素(例如氟、氯、溴和碘)。优选的具有取代基的苯并***是甲苯基***。
其中也可以包括旨在改善成形体或洗涤剂组合物的清洁性能的聚合物。
例如,可以使用磺化聚合物。优选的实例包括CH2=CR1-CR2R3-O-C4H3R4-SO3X(其中R1、R2、R3、R4独立地为1至6碳的烷基或氢,X为氢或碱)与任何合适的其它单体单元的共聚物,所述其它单体单元包括改性丙烯酸、富马酸、马来酸、衣康酸、乌头酸、中康酸、柠康酸和亚甲基丙二酸或其盐、马来酸酐、丙烯酰胺、烯烃、乙烯基甲基醚、苯乙烯及其任何混合物。用于并入磺化聚合物(共聚物)的其它合适的磺化单体为2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-1-丙磺酸、2-甲基丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-1-丙磺酸、3-甲基丙烯酰胺基-2-羟基-丙磺酸、烯丙基磺酸、甲基烯丙基磺酸、2-羟基-3-(2-丙烯基氧基)丙磺酸、2-甲基-2-丙烯-1-磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸、丙烯酸3-磺基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸3-磺基丙酯、磺基甲基丙烯酰胺、磺基甲基甲基丙烯酰胺及其水溶性盐。
合适的磺化聚合物也描述于US 5308532和WO 2005/090541中。
合适的泡沫控制剂是本领域中常规使用的那些,例如有机硅及其衍生物和石蜡油。
本发明人已发现组合物中不必包含蛋白酶或淀粉酶。优选地,第一和/或第二组合物基本上不含蛋白酶/淀粉酶,优选基本上不含酶。在一个实施方式中,其含有不超过0.1重量%的酶,优选不超过0.01重量%的酶,优选不超过0.001重量%的酶,优选不超过0.0001重量%的酶,优选不超过痕量的酶,优选不含酶。
权利要求中写明了温度、时间等的优选实施方式。
可以在第一步骤和第二步骤之间使用漂洗步骤,以将任何剩余的未反应的漂白剂或其它成分漂洗离开。已知漂白剂使酶失活,因此这在第二组合物含有酶的情况下可能是有用的。然而,在本发明的优选实施方式中,不使用酶,因此不需要采取措施来确保漂白剂不会携带到第二步骤。在一个实施方式中,不需要从餐具洗涤机的内部去除洗涤水和为第二步骤添加新鲜水。
可选地,第三和/或第四步骤可以使用去离子水进行。这甚至优于软化水,因为在洗涤水中不存在可沉积在清洁的餐具上的离子物质。这导致成膜和成斑的减少。因此,在该漂洗步骤期间去离子水是高度优选的。
第三组合物可包含一种或多种表面活性剂。表面活性剂可包括非离子、阴离子、阳离子、兼性或两性离子型表面活性剂,或者可以使用其合适的混合物。许多这种合适的表面活性剂描述于Kirk Othmer的《Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology》,第3版,卷22,360至379页,“Surfactants and Detersive Systems”,其通过引用并入本文。一般而言,根据本发明优选漂白稳定的表面活性剂。
根据本发明,非离子型表面活性剂是特别优选的。优选的一类非离子型表面活性剂是通过具有6至20个碳原子的单羟基烷醇的反应而制备的乙氧基化非离子型表面活性剂。优选地,表面活性剂在每摩尔醇中具有至少12摩尔、特别优选至少16摩尔、还更优选至少20摩尔、例如至少25摩尔的环氧乙烷。
特别优选的非离子型表面活性剂是来自具有16至20个碳原子的直链脂肪醇以及每摩尔醇具有至少12摩尔、特别优选至少16摩尔、更优选至少20摩尔的环氧乙烷的非离子型表面活性剂。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,非离子型表面活性剂可以额外地在分子中包含环氧丙烷单元。优选地,这些PO单元构成非离子型表面活性剂的总分子量的至多25重量%、优选至多20重量%、更优选至多15重量%。
还可以使用作为乙氧基化的单羟基烷醇的表面活性剂,其额外包含聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物单元。这种表面活性剂的醇部分构成该非离子型表面活性剂总分子量的大于30重量%、优选大于50重量%、更优选大于70重量%。
另一类合适的非离子型表面活性剂包括聚氧乙烯和聚氧丙烯的反嵌段共聚物和由三羟甲基丙烷引发的聚氧乙烯和聚氧丙烯的嵌段共聚物。
另一类优选的非离子型表面活性剂可以由下式描述:
R1O[CH2CH(CH3)O]x[CH2CH2O]y[CH2CH(OH)R2]
其中R1表示具有4至18个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪族烃基或其混合物,R2表示具有2至26个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪族烃基或其混合物,x为0.5至1.5的值,并且y为至少15的值。
另一组优选的非离子型表面活性剂是下式的封端聚氧烷基化非离子型表面活性剂:
R1O[CH2CH(R3)O]x[CH2]kCH(OH)[CH2]jOR2
其中R1和R2表示具有1至30个碳原子的直链或支链、饱和或不饱和的脂肪族或芳香族烃基,R3表示氢原子或甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基,2-丁基或2-甲基-2-丁基,x为1至30的值,k和j为1至12的值、优选1至5的值。当x的值>2时,上式中的各R3可以不同。R1和R2优选为具有6至22个碳原子的直链或支链、饱和或不饱和的脂肪族或芳香族烃基,其中特别优选具有8至18个碳原子的基团。对于基团R3,特别优选H、甲基或乙基。特别优选的x值为1至20,优选6至15。
如上所述,在x>2的情况下,式中的各R3可以不同。例如,当x=3时,可以选择基团R3来构建环氧乙烷单元(R3=H)或环氧丙烷单元(R3=甲基),这些单元可以以每一种顺序使用,例如(PO)(EO)(EO)、(EO)(PO)(EO)、(EO)(EO)(PO)、(EO)(EO)(EO)、(PO)(EO)(PO),(PO)(PO)(EO)和(PO)(PO)(PO)。x值为3仅是一个实例,可以选择更大的值,由此将产生更大数量的(EO)或(PO)单元的变化形式。
特别优选的上式的封端聚氧烷基化醇是其中k=1和j=1的那些,得到以下简化式的化合物:
R1O[CH2CH(R3)O]xCH2CH(OH)CH2OR2。
在本发明的上下文中,使用不同的非离子型表面活性剂的混合物是合适的,例如烷氧基化醇和含羟基的烷氧基化醇的混合物。
其它合适的表面活性剂公开在WO 95/01416中,在此明确引用其内容。
第三组合物还可包含可选的成分。在一个实施方式中,第三处理组合物具有酸源。酸源可以是有机羧酸。优选的实例是柠檬酸。
本文使用的组合物可以包含酸源或碱源,以获得所需的pH。优选的硅酸盐是钠硅酸盐例如二硅酸钠、偏硅酸钠,和结晶页硅酸盐。酸源可以适当地为任何合适的酸性化合物,例如多元羧酸。例如,碱源可以是碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐(例如碱金属或碱土金属盐)。碱源可以适当地为任何合适的碱性化合物,例如强碱和弱酸的任何盐。当需要碱性组合物时,硅酸盐是合适的碱源之一。
本文描述了一种设计用于实施本发明第一方面的方法的自动餐具洗涤机。
本发明的自动餐具洗涤机具有在洗涤循环期间的不同时间点投配至少两种不同的组合物的能力。优选的是,该机器能够独立地投配三种以上组合物。
餐具洗涤机可以具有任何合适的适配以使其能够递送作为喷雾的第一组合物和作为喷流的第二组合物。适用于生产微细喷雾的装置包括但不限于超声或压电致动器、加热元件、包含推进剂的组合物、气穴化、高剪切应力泵或相应配置的喷嘴。此外,该机器内可能有多个喷雾生成装置。
在一些实施方式中,喷雾通过喷雾器递送。喷流可经喷嘴递送。作为另一选择,餐具洗涤机可包含喷嘴,所述喷嘴可在用于递送作为喷雾的第一组合物的第一构造和用于递送作为喷流的第二组合物的第二构造之间调节。
优选的是,该机器具有利用不同的温度设置、循环长度和耗水量以及干燥选项的多种洗涤功能。优选的是,该机器同时提供针对高度脏污餐具的长洗涤循环和短洗涤循环。短洗涤循环中的至少一个将使用本发明的方法,因此消费者可根据其各人需要选择何时使用短循环,何时使用长循环。
优选地,该机器具有制备去离子水的方法。这可以通过反渗透进行。
除了具有简单的程序之外,本发明的自动机器还可以具有自动投配(或计量投配)控制能力。这将使得该机器基于传感输入而增加或减少添加到各洗涤阶段的化学品的量。传感器还能够基于条件而延长或缩短序列步骤。可以使用的传感器包括pH、浊度、温度、湿度、电导率等。该机器可能需要数据处理能力来实现这一点。
干燥可以通过湿度传感器来监测,使得干燥(如果需要)的进行将仅持续其所需的时间,而不是更久。
优选的是,该机器将具有与其它设备的连接性。这可以采取Wi-Fi、3G移动数据、蓝牙等形式。这可以允许远程监视和/或控制该机器。优选地,这还允许机器与互联网连接。
参考以下非限制性实施例进一步描述本发明。本发明范围内的其它实施例对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。
实施例
实施例1–对顽固脏污的IKW试验
为了展现本发明,将单槽家用餐具洗涤机(Miele G661)改造有额外的交互界面,允许发明人控制喷射臂旋转速度、水温和排水。上部架的喷射臂的孔也被改造为使得循环的某部分期间的用水量减少。
根据(2005)IKW方法,使杯子沾染茶渍,并使玻璃烧杯污染烧焦的牛奶。将这些连同不锈钢刀具和已根据IKW方法准备的其它玻璃器皿装载到餐具洗涤机中来评价漂洗性能。
制备以下组合物:
第一组合物–将以下成分溶解/分散在0.5升的9°dH水中:2.04g过碳酸钠,3.14g硅酸钠/MGDA共颗粒,0.70g TAED,0.84g HEDP,6mg锰类漂白催化剂。
第二组合物–将以下成分溶解/分散在2.5升的9°dH水中:1.57g硅酸钠/MGDA共颗粒,0.42g HEDP,83mgLF 223。
第三组合物–将LF 300溶解/分散在0.5升去离子水中。
第四组合物–0.5升去离子水。
将第一组合物预加热至50℃,并使用触发式喷雾瓶施加至餐具以模拟第一步骤中通过餐具洗涤机形成喷雾。2分钟后,在不从槽中排出残留组合物的情况下,在50℃下将第二组合物加入餐具洗涤机槽的集液槽中,并运行餐具洗涤机以使组合物经机器的正常喷射臂机构循环,从而作为喷流递送该组合物。此第二步骤进行10分钟,然后从槽中排出洗涤水。使用与第一步骤中所用的相同类型的触发式喷雾瓶将第三组合物(预加热至65℃)施加至餐具。2分钟后,使用与第一步骤中所用的相同类型的触发式喷雾瓶将第四组合物(预加热至65℃)施加至餐具。使其进行2分钟,其后从槽中排出洗涤水。不使用主动干燥步骤;简单地打开机器的门以使水蒸气逸出,并使餐具在进行评价之前自然干燥30分钟。
比较例1
作为参照,准确地重复实施例1的试验,唯一的修改是使用9°dH水(未添加洗涤剂成分)代替第一至第四组合物中的每种。
比较例2
以与实施例1相同的方式准备沾染茶渍和牛奶渍的餐具。将这些置于Miele G698SC Plus餐具洗涤机内,并将包含过碳酸钠、硅酸钠、MGDA、TAED、HEDP、锰类漂白催化剂、非离子型表面活性剂、蛋白酶和淀粉酶的传统片剂***分配器中。该机器使用“短时45℃”程序运行。
评价和结果–清洁性能
在程序结束时,根据IKW方法使用1至10的清洁评分(10是最佳清洁)评价杯子和沾染牛奶渍的玻璃器皿。
烧焦的牛奶是顽固的脏污,并且技术人员期望洗涤剂组合物中需要能够将其去除的蛋白酶。出乎意料地,这些试验显示,尽管完全未使用酶,并且水的体积显著降低(总共4升相比于13升),但本发明的方法对这种脏污提供了与现有技术“快洗”循环相当的清洁性能。此外,本发明的方法提供了卓越的漂白性能。
评价和结果–漂洗性能
在程序结束时,使用1至10的评分(10是最佳)评价刀具和玻璃的斑点和成膜性能。
实施例1 | 比较例2(常规“快洗”) | |
平均斑点–玻璃 | 6.3 | 1.8 |
平均成膜–玻璃 | 8.8 | n.d.* |
平均斑点–刀具 | 7.2 | 3.3 |
平均成膜–刀具 | 9.5 | 8.8 |
*在此情况中,斑点情况非常糟糕,故无法评价成膜评分。
可见在本发明的实施例中实现了较大的改进(特别是针对斑点)。
实施例2
对一系列轻度和新脏污的餐具进行试验,模拟消费者相关的轻度负荷。使用实施例1中提出的本发明方法的实施方式洗涤餐具,并与仅使用水的等同试验进行比较。在试验结束时检查餐具以证明脏污的再沉积。这些试验表明,在与本发明相同的洗涤循环特征下单独使用水不足以避免再沉积。相比之下,当使用本发明方法中指出的洗涤剂时,再沉积总体上显著减少,并且完全避免了一些脏污。
Claims (15)
1.一种自动餐具洗涤的方法,其在具有洗涤槽的餐具洗涤机中进行,所述方法包括:
在第一步骤中,将第一组合物以喷雾的形式递送至在所述槽中的餐具;并且
其后,在第二步骤中,将第二组合物以喷流的形式递送至在所述槽中的所述餐具;
其中,所述第一组合物和所述第二组合物是不同的,所述第一组合物包含漂白剂,而所述第二组合物是碱性的并包含助洗剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其包括:
在于所述第二步骤之后进行的第三步骤中,将第三组合物递送至在所述槽中的所述餐具,其中,所述第三组合物包含表面活性剂,优选非离子型表面活性剂;和/或
在于所述第二步骤之后进行的第四步骤中,将第四组合物递送至在所述槽中的所述餐具,其中,所述第四组合物包含水,而不含活性洗涤剂成分;
优选地,其中,所述第三组合物和/或所述第四组合物以喷雾的形式递送至在所述槽中的所述餐具。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中:
所述第一组合物和所述第二组合物基本上不含蛋白酶,优选不含蛋白酶,优选其中,在所述方法的整个过程中都不使用蛋白酶;和/或
所述第一组合物和所述第二组合物基本上不含淀粉酶,优选不含淀粉酶,优选其中,在所述方法的整个过程中都不使用淀粉酶。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述漂白剂是氧漂白剂,优选无机过水合物,优选过碳酸盐。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述第一组合物包含一种或多种选自下组的其它成分:漂白活化剂;漂白催化剂;助洗剂和碱化剂。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述第二组合物:
基本上不含漂白剂,优选不含漂白剂;和/或
包含一种或多种选自下组的其它成分:共助洗剂和表面活性剂。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,当存在时,所述第三步骤和/或所述第四步骤中使用的水为去离子水。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,在所述第一步骤和所述第二步骤之间没有从所述槽中排出残余洗涤水的步骤。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中:
在所述第一步骤和/或所述第二步骤期间达到的最高温度不超过70℃,优选不超过65℃,优选不超过60℃,优选不超过55℃,优选不超过52℃;和/或
在所述第一步骤和/或所述第二步骤期间达到的最高温度为至少30℃,优选至少35℃,优选至少40℃,优选至少45℃,优选至少48℃;和/或
当存在时,在所述第三步骤和/或所述第四步骤期间达到的最高温度不超过80℃,优选不超过75℃,优选不超过70℃,优选不超过68℃;和/或
当存在时,在所述第三步骤和/或所述第四步骤期间达到的最高温度为至少30℃,优选至少35℃,优选至少40℃,优选至少45℃,优选至少50℃,优选至少55℃,优选至少60℃,优选至少62℃。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中:
所述第一步骤的时长不超过10分钟,优选不超过9分钟,优选不超过8分钟,优选不超过7分钟,优选不超过6分钟,优选不超过5分钟,优选不超过4分钟,优选不超过3分钟,优选2分钟以下;和/或所述第一步骤的时长为至少30秒,优选至少1分钟;和/或
所述第二步骤的时长不超过20分钟,优选不超过19分钟,优选不超过18分钟,优选不超过17分钟,优选不超过16分钟,优选不超过15分钟,优选不超过14分钟,优选不超过13分钟,优选不超过12分钟,优选不超过11分钟,优选10分钟以下;和/或所述第二步骤的时长为至少5分钟,优选至少6分钟,优选至少7分钟,优选至少8分钟;和/或
所述方法的总时长不超过30分钟,优选不超过25分钟,优选不超过20分钟。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中:
在所述第一步骤中使用的洗涤水、和/或当存在时在所述第三步骤中使用的洗涤水和/或当存在时在所述第四步骤中使用的洗涤水的体积不超过3升,优选不超过2.5升,优选不超过2升,优选不超过1.5升,优选不超过1.0升,优选不超过0.7升;和/或
在所述第二步骤中使用的洗涤水的体积不超过5升,优选不超过4.5升,优选不超过4升,优选不超过3.5升,优选不超过3.0升,优选不超过2.7升。
12.一种自动餐具洗涤机,其被构造用于实施前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法。
13.如权利要求12所述的自动餐具洗涤机,其包含用于递送所述喷流的喷射臂,以及用于递送所述喷雾的单独的递送机构。
14.如权利要求13所述的自动餐具洗涤机,其包含用于递送所述喷雾的喷雾器。
15.如权利要求12所述的自动餐具洗涤机,其包含喷嘴,所述喷嘴能够在用于递送所述喷雾的第一构造和用于递送所述喷流的第二构造之间调节。
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US11337579B2 (en) | 2022-05-24 |
EP3288436A1 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
RU2017141394A3 (zh) | 2019-07-17 |
BR112017023449A2 (pt) | 2018-07-31 |
WO2016174480A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
AU2016255625B2 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
CA2983384A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
ZA201706865B (en) | 2019-05-29 |
PH12017501951A1 (en) | 2018-03-19 |
AU2016255625A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
GB201507289D0 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
RU2709775C2 (ru) | 2019-12-19 |
MX2017013748A (es) | 2018-03-01 |
US20180103822A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
KR20170141690A (ko) | 2017-12-26 |
JP2018526039A (ja) | 2018-09-13 |
RU2017141394A (ru) | 2019-05-29 |
EP3288436B1 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
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