CN107529583A - Construction of explosion economy minimum backbreaks method and its laser is accurately directed to device - Google Patents
Construction of explosion economy minimum backbreaks method and its laser is accurately directed to device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention backbreaks method for a kind of construction of explosion economy minimum, pass through Similar Principle of Triangle, in the known amount of backbreaking, drilling depth is long and perforate away from when obtain rig head offset, and propose that 0 backbreaks and line hunting and waits the mode of deficient digging line hunting to carry out accurate laser alignment for the skew of rig head, so as to obtain accurately opening direction.The present invention also include the above method in as point to benchmark 0 backbreak line and etc. it is deficient digging line hunting laser alignment device, it includes the laser head of the body of rod and its head end, the present invention proposes minimum and backbreak method, and super hole cutter bar is accurately directed to, realization is precisely backbreak, and finally realizes that macroeconomy minimum is backbreak, and reduces concrete backfill cost, also reduce and owe to dig the loss brought, there is very high economic value.
Description
Technical field
Present invention is mainly applied to water conservancy, water power, traffic, railway, mine, municipal administration, the construction of subway linear pattern tunnel drilling and blasting.
Background technology
The construction of linear pattern tunnel drilling and blasting is water conservancy, water power, traffic, railway, mine, municipal administration, subway linear pattern tunnel drilling and blasting
The feelings of the form of construction work that construction generally uses, particularly duck eye footpath and the economic length of the inadequate TBM of situation, length in especially big hole footpath
Condition, country rock complex situations and tunnel slag tap in the case of needing building stones recycling (building stones recycling is that TBM does not accomplish,
It is in most cases complete to crush), then more it is used.Excessive two linings concrete backfill amount of backbreaking is big, too small equipment of backbreaking
There is no enough spaces to hinder smooth drillhole blasting operation, so rationally to determine that minimum is backbreak and accurately controlled, ensure production
Efficiency, save concrete lining and backbreak backfill amount；Relevant construction technique normalizing, and contract provision are backbreak and are averagely impermissible for being more than
Backbreak 15cm, and it is that construction quality is never allowed to owe to dig.
How the drilling rod of lateral opening perforate and boring procedure is accurately directed in the construction of linear pattern tunnel drilling and blasting, realizes it is accurate
Backbreak so as to realize that economic minimum is backbreak, be urgent problem to be solved in current construction.
The content of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention be provide it is a kind of realize that economic minimum is backbreak construction of explosion laser it is accurate
Pointing method and its laser alignment device.
The technology used in the present invention means are as follows.
A kind of construction of explosion economy minimum is backbreak method, is pointed to comprising 0 backbreak setting-out perforate, 0 line hunting of backbreaking, to realize
Face c backbreaks, and includes following opening step：
(1) setting-out 0, which is backbreak, tapping point and selects 0 to backbreak line hunting starting point：On face, surveying and locating determines that 0 backbreaks
Drill tapping point, selects any 0 close to beside a drilling tapping point conduct 0 of backbreaking to backbreak line hunting starting point；
(2) 0 backbreak line hunting：Laser alignment device tail end withstands on 0 and backbreak hunting starting point, laser alignment head it is parallel with it is vertical
Directly in tunnel wall direction adjustment seek to, until laser is parallel with tunnel, or directive head rear distalmost end and be close to tunnel wall,
Laser rays instruction now is 0 to backbreak line；
(3) perforate that drills is pointed to
Drill bit heads on tapping point, and mobile seat in the plane makes 0 that borer drill rod axis relative laser indicates backbreak line to tunnel axis
Direction is offset, and perforate calculates acquisition away from point offset P is compared by below equation：
P/K=c/J formulas 1
K is perforate away to a distance, the projected length on tunnel axis, c are for deviation ratio that is, on tapping point to drill axis
The predetermined face minimum amount of backbreaking that equipment seat in the plane determines, J is new face drilling depth length, is by offset P movements seat in the plane
Accurate perforate is completed to point to.
A kind of method additionally it contained construction of explosion economy minimum is backbreak, it backbreaks the deficient digging line such as setting-out perforate, δ comprising 0
Hunting is pointed to, and to realize that face c backbreaks, face, which is backbreak not enough or produced, to be owed to dig but do not influence drilling 0 to backbreak setting-out perforate
During drilling, following opening step is included：
(1) the deficient digging line hunting such as
On face surveying and locating 0 backbreak drilling tapping point, etc. it is deficient digging line hunting starting point, the laser rays of laser alignment device
Owe to dig a point sensing tunnel rear hunting from face, cut the tunnel at the directive head rear for being affixed at maximum deficient digging and parallel/being close to
Road wall, now laser rays for etc. deficient digging line, it is such it is deficient digging line it is parallel with tunnel axis；
(2) perforate that drills is pointed to
Deficient digging does not influence drill hole of drilling machine perforate operation, drill perforate when, drill bit of drilling machine heads on tapping point, on drill rod axis
Perforate is obtained away from comparing the deficient digging lines such as point is relative to tunnel axis side vertical offset P' and pass through below equation to calculate：
P'=K/J × c- δ formulas 2
K be perforate away from, i.e., tapping point to drill axis and laser designation line compare the tunnel axis projection length of a line,
C be equipment seat in the plane determine the predetermined face minimum amount of backbreaking, δ be etc. it is deficient dig line hunting the deficient digging value of grade, J be new face enter
Chi length, the perforate sensing that drills is carried out by above-mentioned offset P'.
A kind of method additionally it contained construction of explosion economy minimum is backbreak, it includes QF and owes to dig the deficient diggings such as setting-out perforate, δ
Line hunting is pointed to, and realizes that face c backbreaks, and face and actual hole wall, which are backbreak not enough or produced, to be owed to dig, and is influenceed 0 and is backbreak lateral opening put
Sample and perforate bore operation, and influence 0 and backbreak line hunting, then owe to dig the deficient digging line hunting such as setting-out, δ using perforate QF, comprising such as
Lower opening step：
(1) the deficient digging line hunting such as
The maximum deficient digging amount of hunting backsight is determined, makes the deficient digging hunting such as δ, waits deficient digging amount δ>The maximum owes digging amount, laser alignment
The laser rays of device is less than or cut the tunnel wall at the directive head rear for being affixed at maximum deficient digging amount and parallel/being close to, and now swashs
Light for etc. deficient digging line, it is such it is deficient digging line it is parallel with tunnel axis；
(2) perforate that drills is pointed to
Determine to owe to dig lofting amount QF values according to actual conditions, its scope can be mended within plane thickness in equipment；
Owing to dig influences face lateral opening 0 and backbreaks perforate setting-out, and influences 0 line hunting of backbreaking and point to operation, drill bit of drilling machine top
Deficient digging setting-out QF points, drill rod axis are in perforate away from comparing the deficient digging lines such as point is relative to the vertical offset on tunnel axis direction
P " is calculated by below equation and obtained
(c+QF)/(P "+δ-QF)=J/K formulas 3
QF digs lofting amount, i.e. face tapping point and the distance of design tunnel wall to be deficient, and K is perforate away from deficient digging lines such as δ are
The deficient digging value of grade of hunting, c are the predetermined face minimum amount of backbreaking that equipment seat in the plane determines, J is new face drilling depth length, it is determined that
The perforate sensing that drills is carried out after above-mentioned offset P ".
A kind of method additionally it contained construction of explosion economy minimum is backbreak, it includes QF and owes to dig the deficient diggings such as setting-out perforate, δ
Line hunting is pointed to, and realizes that face c-QF backbreaks, by the way of deficient digging setting-out adds benefit to dig, for next same deficient digging setting-out
Bore quick-fried benefit plane circulation and stop seat in the plane space, comprise the following steps：
(1) the deficient digging line hunting such as
Determine etc. that deficient digging line hunting etc. deficient digging amount δ, such deficient digging Liang δ≤backsight are maximum to owe to dig, laser alignment device swashs
Light is tangent or is close to backsight and owes at digging and directive head rear, it is parallel press close to or intersect at distal end tunnel wall, now laser rays
For etc. deficient digging line；
(2) drilling is pointed to
Owing to dig influences 0 backbreak perforate and hunting and points to operation, and the amount of backbreaking is c-QF to new face in advance, and drill bit of drilling machine heads on
Owe to dig setting-out QF points, drill rod axis offset P* then as follows away from the deficient digging lines such as point is relative are compared in perforate toward tunnel direction of principal axis
Calculate：
C/ (P*+ δ-QF)=J/K formulas 4
QF digs lofting amount, i.e. face tapping point and the distance of design tunnel wall to be deficient, and K is perforate away from deficient digging lines such as δ are
The deficient digging value of grade of hunting, c are the predetermined face minimum amount of backbreaking that equipment seat in the plane determines, J is new face drilling depth length, by upper
State offset P* and carry out the perforate sensing that drills.
Above-mentioned QF values, most economical qf are deficient to dig the calculating of setting-out operating point, i.e., quick-fried to deficient digging setting-out brill to be followed with mending the deficient digging production of plane
Ring mode excavates the qf points of cost savings function Cj maximizings, and computational methods are as follows：
Often bore quick-fried circulation and mend plane country rock amount BPL
BPL=π RJ × QF2÷ c formulas 5
Per cycle saving fill concrete amount JYL
JYL=2 π RJ × QF-BPL formulas 6
Wherein：C backbreaks for face, and R is tunnel radius, and J is bores quick-fried drilling depth, and QF is according to the intentional tunnel that can mend plane thickness
Radially owe to dig lofting amount；
Cost savings function formula is as follows：
Cj=C (jyl)-C (bpl) formula 7
Wherein, when the difference function Cj of the cost savings function of the concrete-country rock benefit plane amount cost function takes maximum
QF values be most economical QF operating points, in the case of II, III class surrounding rock, mend plane amount and be much smaller than c, it is to owe digging setting-out now to mend plane amount
Most economical operating point, and then backbreak pattern for c during QF=0.
A kind of method additionally it contained construction of explosion economy minimum is backbreak, long drill pipe perforate, short drilling depth, i.e. bore operation
Equipment does not approach face, and drilling is deep<1/n drilling rods are grown, i.e. K>NJ, wherein n are natural number more than or equal to 2, operation process machine
Head actual tunnel axis side minimum space is non-to bore quick-fried control for first 1 time, but bores quick-fried control by first n times, therefore can realize face
C/n is backbreak, and formula is calculated as follows：
(P'+ δ)/K=c/nJ formulas 8
In formula, K is maximum perforate away from that is, tapping point to drill axis compares the tunnel axial direction of a line with laser designation line
Maximal projection length, c are that rig approaches the face minimum amount of backbreaking that equipment seat in the plane under face excavation pattern determines, δ for etc.
Owe dig line hunting etc. deficient digging value, Qie δ≤0, J be new face drilling depth length, by drill rod axis perforate away from compare point relatively
Etc. the deficient line that digs the perforate sensing that drills is carried out toward tunnel direction of principal axis offset P'.
Applied to a kind of laser alignment device of the above method, comprising the body of rod 1, the one end of the body of rod 1 sets laser head, the laser
Head, a direction of laser directive axis extended line or twocouese coaxial with the body of rod.
Body of rod one end includes interface, and the laser head 2 is connected and fixed on interface, and the body of rod is hollow setting, the body of rod other end
If hand grip portion, body of rod medium position sets Handheld Division.
The axis of the body of rod is with the precision of laser axis in every 4 meter 0~± 5mm.
The laser head is laser or laser sight, and the mode that the laser head is fixed on interface is eye-splice or spiral shell
Meet
Had the beneficial effect that caused by the present invention：
1st, the present invention solves problem of excessively being backbreak caused by because boring quick-fried technique reason itself, and proposes the system of realization
The scheme that minimum is backbreak, super hole cutter bar being accurately directed to, realization is precisely backbreak, including realizes accurate deficient digging, and hook machine mends plane and owes digging,
And the economic size progress engineering economy optimization for owing to dig setting-out benefit plane amount is calculated, Instructing manufacture, final purpose is to realize totally
Economic minimum is backbreak, and can will be backbreak and be controlled in 10 centimetres of ± 2 centimetres of levels, ensures that construction cost obtains further from method
Control, ensure the quality of engineering construction.
2nd, patented technology proposes line hunting concept of being backbreak to 0 to photoface exploision first, proposes photoface exploision first not
Setting-out is only accurately positioned to lateral opening perforate, and needs to be accurately directed to drilling drilling rod, and realizes and drilling drilling rod is accurately swashed
Light points to, and is precisely backbreak with realizing, finally realizes that macroeconomy minimum is backbreak.
3rd, construction method of the invention and laser alignment device product, can bring huge economic benefit to engineering construction,
More than the 5cm that backbreaks can be reduced compared with prior art, thus can reduce flood tide concrete backfill, reduce the surveying and locating activity duration,
Also reduce because owing the loss that digging is brought, by taking the tunnel of 7.4 rice diameters as an example, every kilometer can save 1000 sides excavation and coagulation
Soil, per side in terms of 500 yuan, then 500,000 yuan, as loose 600 kilometers of engineering tunnel overall length is drawn in Jilin, 500 kilometers need construction of explosion,
Can be with cost-effective about 200,000,000 yuan, Benefit Value is considerable；And based on the annual 5000 kilometers of tunnels in the whole nation, then it can save 2,500,000,000 yuan year
Concrete backfill.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of laser alignment device in the present invention.
Fig. 2 be the present invention bore quick-fried operation c backbreak, 0 backbreaks line hunting and perforate sensing schematic diagram.
Schematic diagram is pointed in deficient the digging line huntings and perforate such as Fig. 3 backbreaks to bore the c of quick-fried operation in the present invention, δ.
Fig. 4 backbreaks to bore the c of quick-fried operation in the present invention, QF owes to dig the deficient digging line hunting perforate sensing schematic diagram such as setting-out and δ.
Fig. 5 backbreaks to bore the c-QF of quick-fried operation in the present invention, QF owes to dig the deficient digging line hunting perforate sensing signal such as setting-out and δ
Figure.
Fig. 6 long drill pipes, short drilling depth (K>2J), c/2 backbreaks hunting sensing figure.
Fig. 7 be in the present invention tunnel when falling short of mark 0 backbreak the tunnel Longitudinal cross section schematics of residual pores.
Embodiment
The present invention protects a kind of tunnel drilling and blasting construction economy minimum to backbreak the laser used in method and its work progress
Indicator device, different condition of construction can produce different sensing modes.
The laser alignment device of the present invention, comprising the body of rod 1, the one end of the body of rod 1 is interface 11, and it is connected with coaxial with the body of rod 1
Laser head 2, its connected mode is unlimited, grafting, is spirally connected or any existing mode.The laser of laser can directive axis
One direction of extended line or twocouese.Embodiment as shown in Figure 1, laser alignment device, which is emitted directly toward, to be set outside laser one end
Axis extended line.Or the body of rod uses hollow lever, laser is fixed at one end, and laser is another through body of rod hollow cavity directive
One end, i.e. laser rays are projected using one end as starting point and from the other end of the body of rod, so eliminate laser error pair coaxial with the body of rod
The influence that hunting is pointed to.Or point to bar and use 2 lasers, coaxial laser can be projected to sensing bar both ends respectively simultaneously
Beam, pointed to for perforate hunting, hunting starting point and tapping point spacing can be reduced to greatest extent and improve pointing accuracy.
The other end relative with laser sets hand grip portion 32 on the body of rod 1, and the medium position of the body of rod 1 sets matching used hand
Portion 31 is held, the Handheld Division can fix or scalable adjustment leading portion body of rod length 20cm.D2.5cm metals can be used in the above-mentioned body of rod 1
Plastics or other existing materials can be used in bar, hand grip portion 32 and Handheld Division 31.2 optional mechanical axis of laser head and laser coaxiality
Good laser enough, pointing correction to be carried out according to coaxial error size situation when in use；Or optional applicable laser is taken aim at
Quasi- device, it carries out laser (beam) with pointing to bar mechanical axis coaxiality adjustment on physical hardware, to avoid hunting from pointing to operation
Shi Jinhang is corrected.
The pointing accuracy of above-mentioned laser alignment device after laser head is installed on the body of rod, needs to carry out in every 4 meter 0~± 5mm
Laser and mechanical axis coaxial system error-detecting, and implement necessary correction when pointing to, to ensure pointing accuracy.
As shown in Fig. 2 bore for the first time it is quick-fried or it is preceding once bore it is quick-fried after face backbreak enough, apparent direction does not go out behind tunnel
Now owe in the case of digging, the method that perforate is pointed to is as follows：
(1) tapping point 0 is backbreak setting-out, the line hunting starting point it is determined that auxiliary 0 is backbreak：
Drilling (hereinafter drilling refer generally to tunnel lateral opening) tapping point 0 lateral opening to tunnel is backbreak setting-out on face；And
Close to the position of above-mentioned lateral opening drilling tapping point, then selected another 0 backbreaks a little, and it only backbreaks line as laser alignment device 0
The starting point of hunting.Drilling tapping point and the 0 spacing 5cm or so for backbreaking hunting starting point, but be not limited to this value, this it is small away from
From determination operation is pointed to using the drilling that does not interfere with while carry out and hunting pointing accuracy can be ensured as principle, apart from small but
Point to not conflicting in borehole space, because long drill pipe perforate rig head is backbreak laser rays tunnel axis direction side, i.e. head 0
Do not block and hinder laser hunting to point to.
(2) 0 backbreak line hunting：
Borer drill rod head is accurately withstood at drilling tapping point, laser alignment bar tail end accurately withstand on 0 backbreak at, open laser
Point to tunnel dead astern, first left and right directions seek to (or say Parallel Tunnel wall seek to, sought on latitude line direction to), laser direction omit
Micro- deviation tunnel axis, finds left and right sidewall and obtains ultra-brightness and show that (laser rays is sought to comprising tunnel for nearest 2 points of middle direction
Axis is near enough perpendicular to hunting starting point tunnel section, tapping point and hunting starting point with hunting starting point), then finely tune direction not
Intersect with sighting distance inner tunnel wall and shown in sighting distance without ultra-brightness, or seek to, left and right directions and sought to requiring to reach by residual pores
(influence to the vertical hunting error of 50~500 meters of 4 rice diameter tunnel sighting distance is 1/ to precision for more than 1/500 (radian) seeking
4000~1/40000, influence little)；Above-below direction is sought to (or saying and sought perpendicular to tunnel wall to meridian is sought on direction again
To), really seek to or say upwards and sought to tunnel wall direction to fine setting makes laser spot center line sighting distance inscribe patch tunnel wall simultaneously
Directive head rear tunnel wall remote enough, the laser ultra-brightness for having one section of half hot spot on sighting distance inner tunnel wall show, now
Laser designation line is 0 to backbreak line, and above-below direction can be equally carried out by the same position perforate section residual pores of rear apparent direction and be sought to will
Ask and reach more than 1/2000 (radian) hunting precision.
And the 0 of the types of laser alignment air drill LPPD- I is backbreak line hunting then rig head parallel and perpendicular to tunnel wall side
To adjustment seat in the plane, i.e., short circular arc is done (on latitude line) in the parallel surface of tunnel wall section and sought to motion, and include tunnel
Short arc is done in (perpendicular to the section) face of axis and tapping point to seek (on meridian) to motion, until rig backsight points to laser
Do not intersect no ultra-brightness with sighting distance inner tunnel wall to show, and make laser spot centerline parallel tunnel wall directive and be close to head rear
The tunnel wall of remote enough (outside 200m sighting distances), the laser ultra-brightness for having one section of half hot spot on same sighting distance inner tunnel wall show,
Now laser designation line is 0 to backbreak line, and rig is backbreak line position up to 0.
(3) perforate that drills is pointed to
Backbreak line on the basis of line by 0 again, using the tapping point that drills as summit, drilling machine body is deviateed 0 to tunnel axis direction
Backbreak line, the line of backbreaking of drill axis and 0 forms specific minimum c and backbreak angle：Perforate is away from comparison point relative 0 on borer drill rod axis
Line of backbreaking meets below equation condition toward vertical offset P on tunnel axis direction：
P/K=c/J formulas 1
Wherein, as shown in Fig. 2 K is perforate away from the tapping point that drills is to threaded list road footpath of being backbreak with 0 on borer drill rod axis
To the tunnel axis projection length for comparing oblique distance between point, P is drill axis and 0 line of backbreaking is compared a little to the skew of tunnel axis direction
Amount；J is new face drilling depth length, i.e., the spacing of new face and perforate operation face, quick-fried ginseng is bored using same geology section is same
Relatively stable actual value in the case of number, general 2-4m in the case of II-III class surrounding rock；C is the new face minimum amount of backbreaking.The c
Backbreak and mainly determined by equipment and seat in the plane：Drilling is deep>When 0.6m rig length and rig approach face, YT28 type hand air drills
Machine is 12cm in umbrella arch operation seat in the plane, and tunnel left side wall seat in the plane is 10cm, and tunnel right side seat in the plane is 16cm.In engineering so
The minimum determined by equipment seat in the plane referred to as (minimum) c that backbreaks backbreaks.And inverted arch operation seat in the plane c values are larger, long drill pipe is taken to open
Hole, but the shallow short drilling depth of drilling, realize that c/n backbreaks, or take rig side, depression bar to bend measure to tunnel wall, are controlled by 20-30cm
Inverted arch processed is backbreak.
The operation such as dosing explosion in follow-up drilling, it uses techniques well known, is no longer specifically described.
It is same drilling overall process to be carried out with formula 1 in addition to perforate is pointed to because drilling drilling rod and drilling stroke are longer
Point to, make section and the rig steady bore operation under strict coaxial line state before and after drilling rod, so make full boring direction more
It is precisely consistent, and be advantageous to protect equipment；C backbreak pattern excavate be it is recyclable, every c backbreak bore it is quick-fried for same next brill
Quick-fried circulation bore operation has stopped minimum seat in the plane space, and necessary and sufficient condition is to bore that drilling axis between quick-fried circulation is parallel and spacing is
Equipment seat in the plane determine minimum backbreak c away from.Drilling perforate in the case of other is pointed to also such or similar.
The method of above-mentioned construction of explosion, be it is first or it is preceding once bore it is quick-fried after face backbreak enough, tunnel rear (or says
Apparent direction afterwards) do not occur owing the hunting pointing method carried out in the case of digging, but do not ensure that in real process and bore each time
Condition after quick-fried all just meets.Therefore the present invention also protects the construction of explosion hunting pointing method when producing certain deficient digging.
As shown in figure 3, it is previous bore to owe to dig caused by quick-fried circulation influence 0 and backbreak line hunting but to have no effect on normal perforation of boring machine
Drilling, can backbreak setting-out to drilling tapping point 0, wait deficient digging line hunting, realize that face c backbreaks, the method for pointing to perforate is as follows：
(1) the deficient digging line hunting such as
Determine that 0 backbreaks as a drilling tapping point on face, the deficient digging δ such as also select at face its minimum distance
Hunting starting point, the maximum deficient digging amount of Bing δ≤backsight, according to foregoing 0 method for backbreaking line hunting seek to, only above-below direction seek to
When adjustment laser alignment device laser rays is cut patch or less than at the maximum deficient digging amount of backsight and being close to point to distant place tunnel wall,
200m sighting distances are outer, and (δ/sighting distance is less than 1/1000, therefore 100 meters of sighting distance is outer in the case of δ=10cm, 5cm then 50 meters of sighting distances
Tunnel wall has part hot spot or the ultra-brightness of full hot spot to show outside), now laser rays be etc. deficient digging line.Backbreak etc. deficient digging line, 0
Line and tunnel axis are all parallel lines.
(2) perforate that drills is pointed to
Deficient digging does not influence rig on face in the case of perforate, and drill bit of drilling machine alignment heads on drilling tapping point moving machine
Position, make on borer drill rod axis perforate following away from comparing the deficient digging lines such as point is relative toward tunnel axis direction vertical offset P' and meeting
Similar triangles geometrical relationship
P'=K/J × c- δ formulas 2
It can thus be concluded that perforate away from drill axis at K compare point relative to etc. the deficient precision offset amount P' for digging line, thus press
P' skews rig can be achieved to drill to the accurate perforate of drilling rod to point to.
The opening direction now obtained is consistent with the opening direction that above-mentioned nothing owes to dig, and the change of angle rotation does not occur,
The change translated to tunnel axis does not occur.
As shown in figure 4, perforate is drilled in place with seeking when the quick-fried circulation of previous brill produces more serious deficient digging and influences normal rig
To, now need owe dig setting-out, while need etc. it is deficient digging line hunting, realize that face c backbreaks, method is as follows：
(1) the deficient digging line hunting such as
The deficient digging δ hunting starting points such as determination, and δ>The maximum deficient digging amount of backsight, waits the deficient digging for example foregoing grade of line hunting is deficient to dig line hunting
Operation, the laser rays of laser alignment bar cut patch or less than at the maximum deficient digging amount of backsight and being close to point to distant place tunnel wall and regarded in 200m
Away from outer tunnel wall obtain ultra-brightness show, now laser designation line be etc. deficient digging line.
(2) perforate that drills is pointed to
Deficient digging has influence on perforate operation on rig face, i.e., 0 can not backbreak setting-out tapping point, thus carries out owing to dig setting-out
Perforate, then perforate passes through away from the deficient digging lines such as point is relative are compared toward vertical offset P " on tunnel axis direction on borer drill rod axis
Following similar triangles formula, which calculates, to be obtained
(c+QF)/(P "+δ-QF)=J/K formulas 3
Wherein, QF is new drilling tapping point and designs the deficient digging setting-out distance between tunnel wall, obtains drill axis with this and opens
The deficient digging lines such as pitch-row point is relative are accurately directed to drilling rod according to this to tunnel axis direction offset P ".
The change of angle rotation occurs for the opening direction that the opening direction now obtained owes to dig with above-mentioned nothing, but last new
The predetermined amount of the backbreaking c of face, new face drilling depth length J are constant.
Bu Pao areas can be produced after above-mentioned deficient digging setting-out brill is quick-fried, such as the △ ABD in Fig. 4, quick-fried circulate of a brill 0 surpasses under the influence of meeting
Dig line or wait deficient digging line hunting, also do not allow to owe digging in tunnel excavation quality, so to carry out hook machine mends plane.But such feelings
Under condition, such as next quick-fried circulation of brill carries out the normal c of face and backbreak, it may occur that the problem of rig seat in the plane is inadequate is, it is necessary to long drill pipe
Perforate and lift top drilling rod make drilling rod to tunnel wall curved drilling operation.
Backbreak as subsequent cycle carries out face c-QF, as shown in figure 5, then for it is same owe to dig next time setting-out bore it is quick-fried
Mend plane circulation and stop seat in the plane space.Owe to dig setting-out in face QF, backbreak and mend in face c-QF and dig the deficient excavation moulds dug of QF
Formula, it is referred to as (minimum) c-QF and backbreaks.Now, drill axis perforate is away from comparing the deficient digging line such as relative to tunnel axial offset P*
Then it is calculated as follows：
C/ (P*+ δ-QF)=J/K formulas 4
In formula：QF is that newly drilling tapping point is measured with designing the deficient digging setting-out (distance) of tunnel wall, and P* is perforate away from comparison point
Locate that drill rod axis relative lasers instruction δ etc. is deficient to be dug line (δ can be 0, you can 0 line of backbreaking is sought toward the offset in tunnel axis direction
Line；Suitable Shi δ≤QF, i.e. rig head beneficial to hunting and ensure pointing accuracy in laser rays tunnel axis side), c is new face
The minimum that equipment seat in the plane determines is backbreak value, and J, K be still respectively drilling depth length and perforate away from.
And as illustrated, it is that plane subsequent cycle whole process operation is mended in same deficient digging setting-out explosion to owe to dig setting-out explosion to mend plane
Enough seat in the plane spaces are had been formed with, are backbreak with normal setting-out c as boring quick-fried circulation, can be with repetitive cycling.
QF value, the c that type, hardness and equipment seat in the plane to country rock determine backbreaks, and value etc. is related, and its value can be by this
Art personnel determine that relevant formula can be that those skilled in the art's grasp makes according to actual country rock and equipment seat in the plane situation
With, and because the work of repetitive cycling, has a relatively important value, computational methods are as follows with example：
As above-mentioned c-QF backbreak pattern or say owe dig setting-out bore it is quick-fried with mend plane owe dig loop condition under, crown c values are 12cm,
Owe to dig setting-out benefit 1~6cm of plane in theory, then can save 23~3 times of concrete backfill (other seat in the plane feelings for mending plane volume accordingly
Condition is also similar).And it is as follows often to bore quick-fried cycle calculations formula：
Mend plane country rock amount BPL (units：m3)
BPL=π RJ × QF2÷ c formulas 5
Save amount of concrete JYL (units：m3)
JYL=2 π RJ × QF-BPL formulas 6
Wherein：C backbreaks for face, and R is tunnel radius, and J is bores quick-fried drilling depth, and QF is according to the intentional radial direction that can mend plane thickness
Owe to dig lofting amount.
The calculating of most economical QF operating points is exactly that digging setting-out brill is quick-fried to excavate cost with mending the deficient digging production cycle pattern of plane to owing
The calculating of Cj function maximizings is saved, C is capitalized in formula and represents cost Cost, and small letter c represents to backbreak：
Cj=C (jyl)-C (bpl) formula 7
As above the cost function of concrete saving-country rock mends qf values when plane amount cost function difference function takes maximum just
It is so-called most economical QF operating points；Different country rocks has different cost functions, thus has different most economical QF work
Point.
The maximum gauge that plane can generally be mended is (remote<C) it is exactly most economical QF operating points, because being difficult that the imagination mends plane cost
Can be more than two lining concrete it is cost-effective, particularly mend plane country rock amount it is small and save amount of concrete it is big in the case of；For completely compared with
Hard country rock (such as II class) can increase benefit plane by being formed in perforate section (while being also to mend plane section) increment charge and crushing explosion
Thickness；And III b, IV class surrounding rock mend plane relatively easily, c/2 can be for example more than with larger by mending plane thickness, and this is just
Plane unit price is mended compared with accurate measure and carries out most economical QF operating points and asks calculation；Mend and dig for high-tech precision electromechanical equipment shearing force
Plane unit price is mended per side and is more than concrete unit price situation, more most economical QF works are determined to cost savings function (formula 7) maximizing
Make a little；We backbreak the c-QF of the qf≤most economical QF operating points referred to as accurate c-QF that backbreak, and can accomplish at this stage.
Example：Certain III b country rock bore it is quick-fried mend plane tunnel excavation construction, c is that face crown is backbreak 12cm, R tunnels radius 3.8m,
J bores quick-fried drilling depth 4.0m, two 500 yuan/m of lining concrete unit price3, and hook machine mends plane country rock cost through calculating 2.5 hundred yuan/m3, seek tunnel
The most economical QF operating points of Arch Excavation.
BPL=π RJ × QF2÷ c=π × 3.8 × 4 × qf2÷ 12=126.67 π × qf2
JYL=2 π RJ × QF-BPL=30.4 π × qf-126.67 π × qf2
Cj=C (jyl)-C (bpl)=170 π × qf-974.5 π × qf2
Cj extreme values are sought, make d (Cj)/d (qf)=0
Obtain the most economical brill of crown quick-fried deficient digging setting-out operating point QF=8.72cm, the QF>c/2.Though qf is when being more than the amount
It is smaller to backbreak but be not most economical scheme.
Example again：Certain II country rock bore it is quick-fried mend plane tunnel excavation construction, c is that face crown is backbreak 12cm, R tunnels radius
3.8m, J bore quick-fried drilling depth 3.0m, two 500 yuan/m of lining concrete unit price3, and use the shearing of high new equipment to mend plane country rock cost through surveying
Calculate 7.5 hundred yuan/m3, ask umbrella arch to excavate most economical QF operating points：
BPL=π RJ × QF2÷ c=π × 3.8 × 3 × qf2÷ 12=95.00 π × qf2
JYL=2 π RJ × QF-BPL=22.8 π × qf-95.00 π × qf2
Cj=C (jyl)-C (bpl)=127.5 π × qf-1187.2 π × qf2
Extreme value is equally asked function to obtain most economical operating point QF=5.37cm, the QF<c/2.We are most economical qf=
The c-QF of the QF operating points referred to as accurate c-QF that backbreak are backbreak, and precisely most economical QF operating points are excavated or when being future thrust.
In view of this, the Hardness of Structural Steel sharpness behind plane hook mechanical shovel bucket bottom is preferably mended to clear sled and is lifted and is strengthened, is swept away with its adherent arc
Clear sled benefit plane operation timeliness rate is higher, and it is bigger to mend plane amount；It is same be worth a set of deficient digging setting-out of research and development bore it is quick-fried with (momentum impact with it is quiet
Adjustable plane amount of reorganizing and bringing up to full strength both with power shearing) benefit plane combined machine, and in most economical QF operating points tunnel excavations, to slag tap
Building stonesization and the utilization of resources, obtain energy consumption relatively low (having saved the energy consumption that TBM excavates crushing of slagging tap), production efficiency Gao Yujing
Help profitable effect.
Work pattern is changed to be handled with the inadequate situation in seat in the plane：It is the amount that construction equipment can mend plane to owe to dig lofting amount requirement,
Can carries out the quick-fried cycle operation of brill next time by the way of same deficient digging setting-out and benefit plane after benefit plane.But face c-
QF, which backbreaks, to be bored quick-fried operation and switchs to face c and backbreak bore quick-fried operation, it may appear that the problem of seat in the plane is inadequate, now needs long drill pipe perforate
And lifting drilling rod makes drilling rod bend bore operation to tunnel wall.Similar situation also appear in normal face c backbreak (or the palm
Sub- face c-QF backbreaks) cycle operation by short drilling depth turn long drilling depth bore operation situation.And the conversion of opposite operation, it is such as long
Drilling depth, which is converted to shorter drilling depth situation, will not then occur the inadequate situation in seat in the plane space, can smooth bore operation.If it happens
To still owing to dig it is necessary to carry out benefit big gun (drilling, powder charge, explosion) after owing digging plane, reach that face minimum c backbreaks or c-QF surpasses
Dig, so enter back into the corresponding quick-fried production operation circulation of next brill.
Another can reduce the approach backbreak in tunnel：Long drill pipe perforate, drilling are shorter than bar length, i.e. bore operation machine
Tool do not approach face (approach be it is preceding once, so that previous face), the short drilling depth of explosion, sacrifice drilling depth i.e. sacrifice life
Efficiency and the output value are produced, is economically generally worthless.If drilling is deep<1/2 drilling rod length (requires K>2J), it is theoretical
On can realize that face c/2 backbreaks, refer to Fig. 6, there is formula：
(P'+ δ)/K=c/2J formulas 8
In formula, K is perforate away from that is, tapping point to drill axis compares the tunnel axis projection of a line with laser designation line
Length, c be rig approach area surface model equipment seat in the plane decision the face minimum amount of backbreaking, δ be etc. it is deficient dig line hunting etc.
Owe digging value (δ≤0), J is new face drilling depth length, and the perforate sensing that drills is carried out by above-mentioned offset P'.
Similarly drilling is deep<1/3 drilling rod length (requires K>3J), calculated by formula (P'+ δ)/K=c/3J, accurate hunting refers to
To can realize that face c/3 backbreaks in theory.
Long drill pipe perforate, short drilling depth excavate pattern, and inadequate deadly condition of only backbreaking and hard this drilling depth of slotting of country rock are short,
And inverted arch is excavated to bore more and used in the case of quick-fried working face parallel operations.
Hunting precision and control errors：During actual hunting is pointed to, notice that either 0 backbreaks the line deficient digging line such as still, be all
It is parallel with tunnel axis and tunnel wall；And 0 backbreaks the position of line and actual tunnel wall is infinitely pressed close to；Etc. deficient digging line because of tunnel wall
It is very long, survey and be then close in hunting in distal end with tunnel wall；So the hunting error of hunting a ten thousandth is less than thousand points to drilling rod
One of precision point to do not make a significant impact, according to error propagation principles, can be ignored；Laser hunting precision should be higher than
1/2000 (radian), ensure that perforate pointing accuracy reaches 1/1000 (radian) level.
In addition, further encounter the situation having excavated rear-viewable tunnel and fallen short of when constructing and starting, now 0 line of backbreaking is sought
Line, it can set in tunnel rear distal end and be backbreak an eye-catcher such as emitting semiconductor with lateral opening perforate layout point one-to-one 0
Lamp, or put backbreak perforate a little of sample rather accurate 0 with white oil paint, red paint contraposition and remain hole section (perforate remains hole section and referred to
The perforate end section that drills remains half hole section, and backbreaking essentially, 0) correspondence of alternate colour changing is tinted one by one, residual with position beneficial to recognizing
Box out and laser is sighted, as shown in Figure 7.It can so make 0 line hunting of backbreaking accurate enough.More complete perforate residual hole section (half
Rice is long can to highlight identification) it can be protected for hunting in the case of more complete relatively stable country rock, and to the part
Linked network spray is not mixed.To be instructed 0 backbreaks after end, and linked network spray is mixed again.
In the present invention, drilling determines the profile after explosion, so out break amount is in the case where knowing the long J of explosion drilling depth
It anticipated that, but such as drilling depth length (≤drilling depth) qualitative change everywhere, then according to the accurate drilling depth of explosion operating mode and the palm
The sub- Area Objects amount of backbreaking carries out perforate sensing, so also just completes the accurate adjustment to angle of backbreaking.
The mode of above-mentioned rig+laser alignment device (Laser pointing pole), which is found minimum and backbreak, does a perforate
Direction, suitable for the situation of bore operation more than two people, a working face one is sensing bar.Can long drill pipe perforate operation,
Do not change drilling rod so and complete bore operation, accelerate operation, precision is high.It is lateral opening it is deficient digging layout point widen the view when, head with etc. deficient digging
Line reserves layout point and owes digging amount perforate operation.It is easy to use, it is intuitive and easy to learn, grasped beneficial to workmen.
In addition, used in step (2) and (3) 0 backbreak hunting use the present invention lay special stress on protecting laser alignment dress
Put, in addition can be carried out on existing rig laser alignment transformation and with its do 0 backbreak line or wait it is deficient digging line hunting, you can
Laser socket is set on rig, and laser is installed or laser sight is used for hunting and sensing, either take laser with
Rig is coaxial, or the laser alignment transformation that fixed low-angle is intersecting, and pointing accuracy can be suitable with above-mentioned laser alignment device.
Rig carries out the strict coaxial improved perforate point operation principle of laser alignment and above-mentioned perforate point operation
Principle is identical.But complete above-mentioned fixation and point to transformation air drill with drill axis low-angle crossing laser, its laser exists with drilling rod
2.5 meters of drilling rod heads fix low-angle and intersect (can be realized by laser sight adjustment), in fixed long (such as 2.5 meters) perforate drilling rod
In the case of, there is the characteristics of tap operation convenience and direction accuracy, present inventor is referred to as laser alignment air drill LPPD-
II type (laser pointed pneumatic drill type II).Applicable situation is that work dough figurine is few, is particularly only had
One people's situation, and country rock is softer, is indicated again without direction, and perforate operation once (one breath) can complete about 1 meter of gun drilling
And complete the situation of perforate operation.The same laser alignment air drill has laser and the not coaxial error of laser, by accurately surveying
The fixed systematic error curve, can accurately be corrected, and it is accurate enough to ensure that perforate is pointed to.
The productive experiment certificate parameter example for drawing loose constructing tunnel with Jilin below is as follows：
Using air drill sky and water YT-28 models or similar rig, erection can be enterprising with main 2 layer of 3 work platform for boring of bogie frame
120 ° of crown side sky bore operations of row, at any time the patch Ground Operation platform of dockingundocking.Left and right sides (each 60 °) lateral opening drilling of arc wall
Operation is then in tunnel ground frame machine operation, and in surface drilling operation, rig side position horizontal bore operation is created during to bore lateral opening
Condition.
According to the tunnel wall for drawing the main hole construction of explosion formation face in loose 1# holes, new not yet shotcrete with mesh, enclosing
Rock preferably more completely in the case of, crown is backbreak for relative side arc wall, has obtained preferable control, be because head on only
There is a flat steam vent, protrude head metal shell 5cm, with respect to drill axis then 12cm, occupy little space, so can be controlled by 12cm
Backbreaking on new face.So quick-fried drill hole of drilling machine operation is bored for subsequent cycle until approaching face overall process in crown side to begin
Necessary minimum seat in the plane space is stopped eventually.
And the lateral opening operation of right-side wall, because the oil tank on equipment protrudes casing 10cm, with respect to drill axis 16cm, so reason
16cm control over-excavations are only pressed by upper.So bored for subsequent cycle when quick-fried jewel hole equipment operation approaches face always in right wall side
Stop necessary minimum seat in the plane space.If setting up 2 layers of drilling platform, rig can lean to one side to make its top towards side wall, then can picture
Crown is equally reduced and backbreak.
The lateral opening operation of left side wall, because operating handle protrudes casing 4cm on equipment, with respect to drill axis 10cm, so can
By 10cm control over-excavations.It is empty that necessary minimum seat in the plane is stopped when so boring quick-fried jewel hole equipment operation for subsequent cycle in left wall side
Between.
The construction of explosion of inverted arch is typically all backbreak bigger.The measures such as long drill pipe, short drilling depth should be taken, Fig. 6 please be join, with
Obtain the effect for more significantly reducing and backbreaking.The brill of inverted arch it is quick-fried should more working section synchronous constructions, the laying of arc inverted arch ground
Inverted arch arch steel net bore operation patch ground floor (platform), is easy to rig side operation, can be by below 20cm control over-excavations.This
Averagely backbreak only 8cm in sample tunnel.
Accurately to lateral opening borehole setting-out, (0 backbreaks a little, relative to close on control point, the RMSR precision of radial values on its cross section
m0=0.6 centimetre), the convergence of country rock crown reaches 18mm, and side wall convergence reaches 13mm, and once lining safe thickness is (according to country rock situation
Design thickness 8~15cm), and plane thickness can be mended according to backhoe, in the case of strict control over-excavation, corresponding increment or
Reduction is backbreak setting-out.
Rig installs the backsight coaxial with rig and points to semiconductor laser, and experiment detects coaxial error, and is pointed to
System error correction, point to up to every meter of 1 millimeter of precision；Transformation rig may be selected to use laser sight, be done directly laser
The adjustment coaxial with drill axis, the more larger but more convenient hunting of volume is with pointing to operation, without system error correction.
In fact, there is laser alignment device laser to be influenceed with the not coaxial error of laser mechanical axis, but it influences
Only in laser alignment device physical length range.The not coaxial error of laser is missed in 4 meters of length up to 2cm, but as system
Difference, after not coaxial curve is accurately determined, can accurately it correct；Pointing to bar can stretch 0.2 meter in the range of 1.12~1.32 meters, real
Accurate hunting sensing operation on drilling jumbo can be preferably applied to by trampling proof.
During perforate, 2 meters long drilling rod head of widening the view heads on drilling tapping point all the time, and laser alignment device tail end heads on drilling perforate
Backbreak a little the 0 of point side.At the same time, drill head position is being adjusted parallel and perpendicular to tunnel wall direction, made and drill axis
(straight tunnel) tunnel wall of farthest is parallel after parallel laser directive head (or is close to, its caused error is to perforate side
To not making significant difference, can be neglected), to determine that 0 backbreaks line, every kilometer of 30cm of directional precision (contains laser and rig axle
Spacing 5cm) it is m3=0.3mm/m；Line is backbreak as reference using 0, moves head to tunnel axis direction, circular arc is done perpendicular to wall
Seat in the plane is moved in motion, is hung down away from for (crown) 6cm (left side wall 5cm or right-side wall 8cm), is accurate to m4=3mm, drill axis with
0 line of backbreaking intersects, and is that new face crown obtains necessary minimum 12 centimetres and backbreak at 4 meters of gun drilling bottoms, is backbreak with respect to 0
Layout point required precision reaches m4=((m3×4/2)2+(m7×4)2)1/2=0.8cm, relation control point tolerance=(m0 2+m4 2)1/2
=1cm.So, the amount of backbreaking=12cm ± 1cm.Quick-fried circulation head is bored beneficial to next in place and operation.And face side wall is with same
The 1cm precision of sample obtains 10,16 centimetres of minimums and backbreak respectively.Above-mentioned accuracy computation formula is that survey speciality technical staff is familiar with the palm
Hold.
Draw Song and always do the class surrounding rock of 1# holes upstream III, 4.5 meters of drilling rod 4.0m gun drilling operations, about 4 casees explosives of every big gun, but explosion
Drilling depth is 3.7~3.8m.II quartz-like crystallization sand gravel country rock hardness reaches 238-260MPa, much larger than bid 110Mpa, per big gun 6
Case explosive, explosion drilling depth are 3.0~3.1m, so that only 1.8~2.2 meters；People × 200 yuan of per tour 6/people's labour cost；11 yuan of explosive/
Kg, per case 24kg.II quartz-like crystallizes the quick-fried every side's unit price of sand gravel country rock brill and is higher by 5.00 yuan of firer, brill relative to III country rock
4.80 yuan of drilling rod of head.Crown drilling perforate, which is pointed to, requires that drill rod axis relative 0 backbreak line towards tunnel axial direction at 2.0 meters of backsight points
Offset P, then have
P=c/J × K=12cm/3.75m × 2.0m=6.4cm
And point to compare at 4 meters of backsight points and then offset 12.8cm.
When face is backbreak not enough or tunnel rear occurs owing to dig, it is difficult to which 0 backbreaks hunting, can only wait deficient digging hunting, such as Fig. 3
It is shown, determine the deficient digging amount δ (δ >=0) such as hunting, it is 6.5cm to take δ, perforate equipment axis with etc. deficient digging line compare a little towards tunnel axle
Line direction offset is P', then has：
(tunnel leaves to P'=c/J × K- δ=12cm/3.75m × 2.0m- δ=- 0.1cm in negative value meaning drill axis court
The deficient digging line skew 0.1cm such as road axis direction relative laser instruction)
When face backbreak not enough or tunnel rear occur owe dig, and need owe dig setting-out when, as shown in figure 4, according to
Know that parameter calculates rig the head deficient offset P " for digging line such as relative and face tapping point position on the direction of Vertical tunnel wall
Distance QF with designing tunnel wall
P "=K/J × (c+QF)+QF- δ=2.0m/3.75m × (12cm+QF)+QF- δ
By site operation situation and surveying and locating QF=8.0cm, and determine that δ is 6.5cm；
Then P "=2/3.75 × (12cm+8.0)+8.0-6.5=12.17cm
And it is next bore it is quick-fried continue owe dig setting-out mend plane then：
P*=K/J × c+QF- δ=2.0m/3.75m × 12cm+QF- δ=7.90cm
In the case of note that c=12cm, owe to dig setting-out benefit 1~6cm of plane in theory, then can save 23~3 times and mend plane volumes
Concrete backfill, as shown in figure 5, therefore pair can prize benefit plane thickness clearly will treasure and make full use of.
(setting-out) reserved amount of contraction of backbreaking will be passed through to tunnel central reduction (such as 13mm), corresponding amount by drawing loose tunnel convergence
(backbreak setting-out 13mm), it is exactly the tunnel diameter designed after country rock contraction.And coagulation can be backfilled less due to mending plane (such as 5cm)
Soil, so just owing digging setting-out (5cm), so clear sled (dangerous stone) mends plane, and (deficient digging amount owes digging amount including setting-out, and clear sled benefit is dug same
The tunnel diameter of design is just reached after Shi Zuoye).It is geology and photoface exploision aperture, pitch-row, powder charge that this, which can mend plane amount,
What the parameters such as line density determined, be transformable.
Claims (10)
- A kind of method 1. construction of explosion economy minimum is backbreak, it is characterised in that 0 backbreak setting-out perforate, 0 backbreak line hunting sensing, To realize that face c backbreaks, following opening step is included：(1) setting-out 0, which is backbreak, tapping point and selects 0 to backbreak line hunting starting point：On face, surveying and locating determines that 0 backbreaks drilling Tapping point, any 0 close to beside a drilling tapping point conduct 0 of backbreaking is selected to backbreak line hunting starting point；(2) 0 backbreak line hunting：Laser alignment device tail end withstands on 0 and backbreak hunting starting point, laser alignment head parallel and perpendicular to The adjustment of tunnel wall direction is sought to until laser is parallel with tunnel, or directive head rear distalmost end and being close to tunnel wall, now Laser rays instruction be 0 to backbreak line；(3) perforate that drills is pointed toDrill bit heads on tapping point, and mobile seat in the plane makes 0 that borer drill rod axis relative laser indicates backbreak line to tunnel axis direction Skew, perforate calculate acquisition away from point offset P is compared by below equation：P/K=c/J formulas 1K is perforate away to a distance, the projected length on tunnel axis, c are equipment for deviation ratio that is, on tapping point to drill axis The predetermined face minimum amount of backbreaking that seat in the plane determines, J is new face drilling depth length, is completed by offset P movements seat in the plane Accurate perforate is pointed to.
- A kind of method 2. construction of explosion economy minimum is backbreak, it is characterised in that 0 backbreak setting-out perforate, δ etc. it is deficient dig line hunting refer to To, to realize that face c backbreaks, face backbreak not enough or produce owe dig but do not influence drilling 0 backbreak setting-out perforate drilling when, Include following opening step：(1) the deficient digging line hunting such asOn face surveying and locating 0 backbreak drilling tapping point, etc. deficient digging line hunting starting point, the laser rays of laser alignment device is from slapping Sub- face owes to dig a point sensing tunnel rear hunting, cuts the tunnel wall at the directive head rear for being affixed at maximum deficient digging and parallel/being close to, Now laser rays for etc. deficient digging line, it is such it is deficient digging line it is parallel with tunnel axis；(2) perforate that drills is pointed toDeficient digging does not influence drill hole of drilling machine perforate operation, drill perforate when, drill bit of drilling machine heads on tapping point, the perforate on drill rod axis Obtained away from comparing the deficient digging lines such as point is relative to tunnel axis side vertical offset P' and passing through below equation to calculate：P'=K/J × c- δ formulas 2K is perforate away from that is, tapping point to drill axis compares the tunnel axis projection length of a line with laser designation line, and c is Equipment seat in the plane determine the predetermined face minimum amount of backbreaking, δ be etc. it is deficient dig line hunting the deficient digging value of grade, J is new face drilling depth Length, the perforate sensing that drills is carried out by above-mentioned offset P'.
- A kind of method 3. construction of explosion economy minimum is backbreak, it is characterised in that QF owes the deficient digging line hunting such as digging setting-out perforate, δ and referred to To realizing that face c backbreaks, face and actual hole wall, which are backbreak not enough or produced, to be owed to dig, and is influenceed 0 and is backbreak lateral opening setting-out and perforate Bore operation, and influence 0 and backbreak line hunting, then owe to dig the deficient digging line hunting such as setting-out, δ using perforate QF, include following perforate step Suddenly：(1) the deficient digging line hunting such asThe maximum deficient digging amount of hunting backsight is determined, makes the deficient digging hunting such as δ, waits deficient digging amount δ>The maximum owes digging amount, laser alignment device Laser rays be less than or cut the tunnel wall at the directive head rear for being affixed at maximum deficient digging amount and parallel/being close to, now laser rays For etc. deficient digging line, it is such it is deficient digging line it is parallel with tunnel axis；(2) perforate that drills is pointed toDetermine to owe to dig lofting amount QF values according to actual conditions, its scope can be mended within plane thickness in equipment；Owing to dig influences face lateral opening 0 and backbreaks perforate setting-out, and influences 0 line hunting of backbreaking and point to operation, and drill bit of drilling machine heads on deficient Dig setting-out QF points, relative etc. deficient to dig line logical to the vertical offset P " on tunnel axis direction away from point is compared in perforate for drill rod axis Cross below equation and calculate acquisition(c+QF)/(P "+δ-QF)=J/K formulas 3QF digs lofting amount, i.e. face tapping point and the distance of design tunnel wall to be deficient, and K is perforate away from deficient digging line huntings such as δ are The deficient digging value of grade, c be equipment seat in the plane determine the predetermined face minimum amount of backbreaking, J is new face drilling depth length, is determined above-mentioned The perforate sensing that drills is carried out after offset P ".
- A kind of method 4. construction of explosion economy minimum is backbreak, it is characterised in that QF owes the deficient digging line hunting such as digging setting-out perforate, δ and referred to To realizing that face c-QF backbreaks, by the way of deficient digging setting-out adds benefit to dig, bored for next same deficient digging setting-out and quick-fried mend plane Seat in the plane space is stopped in circulation, is comprised the following steps：(1) the deficient digging line hunting such asThe deficient digging amount δ such as the deficient digging line hunting such as determination, such deficient digging Liang δ≤backsight is maximum to be owed to dig, the laser rays of laser alignment device It is tangent or be close to backsight owe digging at and directive head rear, it is parallel press close to or intersect at distal end tunnel wall, now laser rays for etc. Owe to dig line；(2) drilling is pointed toOwing to dig influences 0 backbreak perforate and hunting and points to operation, and the amount of backbreaking is c-QF to new face in advance, and drill bit of drilling machine heads on deficient digging Setting-out QF points, drill rod axis are then counted away from comparing the deficient digging lines such as point is relative and offset P* toward tunnel direction of principal axis as follows in perforate Calculate：C/ (P*+ δ-QF)=J/K formulas 4QF digs lofting amount, i.e. face tapping point and the distance of design tunnel wall to be deficient, and K is perforate away from deficient digging line huntings such as δ are The deficient digging value of grade, c is the predetermined face minimum amount of backbreaking that equipment seat in the plane determines, J be new face drilling depth length, by above-mentioned inclined Shifting amount P* carries out the perforate sensing that drills.
- The method 5. the construction of explosion economy minimum as described in claim 3 or 4 is backbreak, it is characterised in that the QF values, most economical The deficient setting-out operating points of digging of qf calculate, i.e., to owing, digging setting-out brill is quick-fried to excavate cost savings function Cj with mending the deficient digging production cycle pattern of plane The qf points of maximizing, computational methods are as follows：Often bore quick-fried circulation and mend plane country rock amount BPLBPL=π RJ × QF2÷ c formulas 5Per cycle saving fill concrete amount JYLJYL=2 π RJ × QF-BPL formulas 6Wherein：C backbreaks for face, and R is tunnel radius, and J is bores quick-fried drilling depth, and QF is according to the intentional tunnel radial direction that can mend plane thickness Owe to dig lofting amount；Cost savings function formula is as follows：Cj=C (jyl)-C (bpl) formula 7Wherein, the cost savings function of the concrete-country rock mends the QF when difference function Cj of plane amount cost function takes maximum It is worth for most economical QF operating points, in the case of II, III class surrounding rock, mends plane amount and be much smaller than c, it is to owe digging setting-out most to pass through now to mend plane amount Help operating point, and then backbreak pattern for c during QF=0.
- A kind of method 6. construction of explosion economy minimum is backbreak, it is characterised in that long drill pipe perforate, short drilling depth, i.e. bore operation machine Tool does not approach face, and drilling is deep<1/n drilling rods are grown, i.e. K>NJ, wherein n are natural number more than or equal to 2, operation process head Actual tunnel axis side minimum space is non-to bore quick-fried control for first 1 time, but bores quick-fried control by first n times, therefore can realize face c/n Backbreak, formula is calculated as follows：(P'+ δ)/K=c/nJ formulas 8In formula, K is maximum perforate away from that is, tapping point to drill axis compares the tunnel axial direction maximum of a line with laser designation line Projected length, c are that rig approaches the face minimum amount of backbreaking that equipment seat in the plane under face excavation pattern determines, δ for etc. deficient digging Line hunting etc. deficient digging value, Qie δ≤0, J are new face drilling depth length, are owed by drill rod axis in perforate away from relative wait of point is compared Dig line and carry out the perforate sensing that drills toward tunnel direction of principal axis offset P'.
- 7. a kind of laser alignment device, it is characterised in that comprising the body of rod (1), the body of rod (1) one end sets laser head (2), the laser Head (2) is coaxial with the body of rod (1), a direction of laser directive axis extended line or twocouese.
- 8. laser alignment device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the body of rod (1) one end includes interface (11), described to swash Bare headed (2) are connected and fixed on interface (11), and the body of rod (1) is hollow setting, and the body of rod other end sets hand grip portion (32), in the body of rod (1) Position installs Handheld Division (31).
- 9. laser alignment device as claimed in claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that the axis of the body of rod (1) and laser axis Precision in every 4 meter 0~± 5mm.
- 10. laser alignment device as claimed in claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that the laser head is that laser or laser are taken aim at Quasi- device, the laser head (2) are fixed on the mode of interface (11) for eye-splice or are spirally connected.
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| CN201710691402.4A CN107529583B (en) | 2017-08-14 | Economical minimum overbreak method for drilling and blasting construction and laser accurate pointing device thereof |
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| CN201710691402.4A CN107529583B (en) | 2017-08-14 | Economical minimum overbreak method for drilling and blasting construction and laser accurate pointing device thereof |
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| CN110514175A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-29 | 中煤隧道工程有限公司 | One kind being used for horizontal frozen pipeline inclination measurement device |
| CN112554890A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 中交二公局第六工程有限公司 | Optimal time control method based on I-V type surrounding rock overbreak and underexcavation |
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| CN110409369A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-11-05 | 水电水利规划设计总院 | Slope excavating digitlization construction and method of quality control |
| CN110409369B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2021-06-04 | 水电水利规划设计总院 | Slope excavation digital construction and quality control method |
| CN110514175A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-29 | 中煤隧道工程有限公司 | One kind being used for horizontal frozen pipeline inclination measurement device |
| CN112554890A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 中交二公局第六工程有限公司 | Optimal time control method based on I-V type surrounding rock overbreak and underexcavation |
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