CN107527383B - Three-dimensional diffusion visualization method for earthquake influence field - Google Patents
Three-dimensional diffusion visualization method for earthquake influence field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional diffuse visualization method for an earthquake affected field. In the stage of generating the earthquake influence field, reasonable localized earthquake influence field distribution vector data can be generated in a three-dimensional space according to the intensity evaluation model and user-defined parameters and can be superposed in three-dimensional digital earth software for display. In the three-dimensional diffusion stage of the earthquake affected field, the visualization can be dynamically diffused and rendered in a surface-mounted manner from the epicenter position serving as the center to the periphery in the three-dimensional space. In the aspect of judgment rules for the end of the seismic influence field diffusion, three judgment modes of intensity rules, distance rules and user intervention rules are provided, and the dynamic diffusion process of the seismic influence field can be reasonably ended according to actual application conditions. The invention provides visual visualization of the spreading process of the earthquake-affected field, and solves the problem of dynamic expression of the earthquake-affected field in a three-dimensional scene.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-dimensional diffuse visualization method for an earthquake affected area, and belongs to the technical field of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction and geographic information system crossing.
Background
As is well known, earthquake disasters are extremely destructive natural disasters, often resulting in a great deal of property damage and casualties. In the 20 th century, the economic loss caused by global earthquake disasters reaches 2791 billion dollars, which accounts for 31 percent of the total loss of all natural disasters, and the number of deaths reaches 1850635. After the 21 st century, the global earthquake continues, and about 2500 earthquakes above 6 levels are obtained by data display published by the Chinese earthquake table network center and the American national earthquake information center until 2016, wherein 250 earthquakes above 7 levels are obtained for the rest. Especially in continental areas of China, earthquakes which are abnormally active in recent years and cause obvious earthquake damage are as follows: level 8.0 earthquake in Wenchuan in 2008, level 7.1 earthquake in Yushu in 2010, level 7.0 earthquake in lushan in 2013, level 6.6 earthquake in Min county in 2013, level 5.9 earthquake in Yuchuan junzhou in 2013, level 5.1 earthquake in Wulu-ju-qi city in 2013, level 6.1 earthquake in Minkang county in West Zuo county in 2013, level 7.3 earthquake in Tian in 2014, level 5.6 earthquake in Yinzhou in 2014, level 6.5 earthquake in Ludian in 2014 6.5 earthquake in 2014 Jing valley 6.6 earthquake, level 6.3 earthquake in Kangding 2014, level 6.5 earthquake in Pishan in 2015 2016, level 5.4 earthquake in Canon 2016, level 6.2 earthquake in 2016, level 6.7 earthquake in Ake pottery 2016, level 6.7 earthquake in Zhui wall 6.2 earthquake in Zhai, level 2017 earthquake in 2017, level 5.5 earthquake in Taishi bank 7 in 2017, level 7 in Taishi, and so on.
According to statistics, the number of people died due to earthquake in China since the 20 th century accounts for 54% of the total number of people who die due to earthquake in China, wherein the earthquake is also called as the head of group disaster. With the rapid development of national economy, the population of cities is highly concentrated, the scale of modern industrial facilities is enlarged, and the severity of disasters caused by earthquakes is greatly increased.
The evaluation and judgment of the influence range and the damage procedure caused by the earthquake in the first time after the earthquake are important bases for carrying out earthquake emergency rescue work. Among them, the most central task is the evaluation of seismic intensity.
The seismic intensity refers to the intensity of earthquake influence on the ground or each artificial building in a certain area. The macroscopic phenomena considered by the intensity evaluation include human feelings, the reaction of utensils, the damage of artificial buildings, the damage condition of the ground surface and the like. The earthquake intensity can be quickly evaluated after the earthquake, so that the earthquake disaster can be quickly evaluated, and the rescue can be scientifically guided. At present, the intensity rapid evaluation is mainly carried out by the following methods: 1) in areas where the strong earthquake observation station network is dense and can obtain real-time or near real-time strong earthquake data, such as Japanese and Taiwan areas of China, the instrument intensity distribution diagram is obtained by directly adopting the quantitative relation between earthquake motion parameters and intensity. 2) In the regions with sparse real-time and near real-time strong earthquake observation platforms, the instrument intensity distribution diagram is obtained by combining the earthquake motion attenuation relation and taking the field effect into consideration and then correcting through a gridding interpolation mode. 3) In areas where strong earthquake observation data cannot be obtained quickly, intensity seismograms and other seismic line graphs can be drawn quickly according to the regional intensity attenuation rule obtained through historical seismic data statistics, and intensity distribution can be obtained through synthetic seismic motion or other methods through a seismology method.
The intensity evaluation mainly comprises the traditional post-earthquake manual investigation evaluation and the rapid evaluation of the earthquake intensity. Conventional seismic intensity assessments are typically time consuming because they are determined by field manual investigations. The earthquake with a large influence range is often completed within days or even tens of days after the earthquake, so that the earthquake can not be applied to emergency rescue deployment after the earthquake and the public disclosure of specific earthquake disaster conditions. The rapid evaluation of the seismic intensity refers to rapid calculation or simulation of a seismic influence field without field investigation, and is generally characterized by instrument intensity or seismic motion parameters, so that the requirements of government seismic emergency decisions are met, and a basis is provided for earthquake casualty estimation and economic loss evaluation.
At present, the strong earthquake observation platform network in most areas of China is very sparse or cannot obtain real-time and near real-time strong earthquake records, and due to the influence of instrument faults and errors, the intensity rapid evaluation and rapid report based on strong earthquake observation cannot be realized in most areas. Therefore, many scholars develop intensity rapid evaluation based on the regional intensity attenuation law (attenuation model), and draw graphs and output thematic maps through GIS software, so as to provide information support for disaster situation research and judgment at the first time after earthquake.
The rapid intensity evaluation method can only draw a series of two-dimensional elliptical circles to represent the earthquake affected field according to the intensity level, and is difficult to intuitively reflect the influence degrees of positions with different distances from the earthquake, particularly for areas with complex terrain, and the propagation process of the earthquake on the earth surface cannot be visually expressed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a visual expression method for rapidly generating a seismic influence field in a three-dimensional scene and performing three-dimensional dynamic diffusion along the earth surface in the three-dimensional scene.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional diffuse visualization method for a seismic influence field comprises the following steps:
1) and in the stage of generating the seismic influence field, generating seismic intensity pre-evaluation vector data by using a rapid evaluation model. The rapid evaluation model takes the epicenter position as the center, and generates an ellipse equal intensity ring which is respectively calculated in the two directions of the long axis and the short axis, wherein the evaluation coefficients of the long axis and the short axis can be modified by a user in a self-defined way, so that the requirement of local evaluation is met. The user can input the included angle between the long axis direction and the horizontal direction in a user-defined mode, and therefore the characteristic of earthquake damage is consistent with the actual earthquake damage characteristic. The generated data is in a vector format and supports loading and using of common GIS software.
2) In the three-dimensional diffusion stage of the earthquake affected field, diffusing diffusion around the earthquake center position as the center, and rendering different color values and transparency;
2.1) control of the speed of the wandering
According to the propagation speed of the seismic waves multiplied by a control coefficient, a diffusion speed with a good visualization effect can be obtained. The control coefficient can be input by a user in a self-defining way, and common recommended values, such as 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and the like, can be quickly selected through a software interface;
2.2) surface treatment in the course of diffusion
The visual expression of the spreading process is carried out in a three-dimensional space, and the elliptic two-dimensional seismic influence field data must be converted into a three-dimensional visual effect matched with the elevation of the earth surface in real time. The specific processing mode is that sampling is carried out by using a reasonable distance step length to establish a triangular irregular grid to approximately match elevation information, the commonly used step length is 1-5 kilometers, and the self-defined configuration can be carried out according to the requirement of a user on the calculation efficiency;
2.3) rendering color values and transparency of seismic influence fields at different positions
In order to visually express the change of the seismic intensity and reflect the rule that the seismic intensity gradually attenuates from the epicenter position to the periphery, the corresponding color attenuation value and transparency value are calculated in real time according to the seismic intensity calculated by the distance from the epicenter and the intensity attenuation formula at different positions affected by the earthquake. The usual epicenter position is represented by red, and the color gradually shows as light red in the process of expanding to the periphery, and the color becomes colorless when the intensity is attenuated to zero. The user can also select different colors for personalized expression.
3) End rule of three-dimensional extension of earthquake influence field
The three-dimensional extension process of the seismic influence field should be terminated, if necessary. The conditions given in the invention have three conditions, which judgment rules can be set in the software, and the software can be terminated when at least one rule is satisfied;
3.1) intensity rules: calculating according to the intensity attenuation formula, and automatically terminating the three-dimensional diffusion process when the intensity attenuation is zero;
3.2) distance rules: when the distance from the epicenter position reaches a certain distance, the three-dimensional extension process is automatically terminated;
3.3) user intervention rules: when the user thinks that the termination is necessary, the user can directly send the termination operation, and the three-dimensional extension process is immediately terminated.
Advantageous effects
1) In a three-dimensional space, reasonable localized seismic influence field distribution vector data can be generated according to the intensity evaluation model and user-defined parameters.
2) In a three-dimensional space, the earthquake influence field with the epicenter position as the center can dynamically extend to the periphery in a surface-mounted mode and render visualization in real time.
3) According to the practical application condition, the judgment rule of the dynamic extension end of the earthquake influence field can be reasonably selected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the work of the three-dimensional extension visualization method of the seismic influence field according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a user-defined seismic intensity evaluation model parameter interface;
FIG. 3 is an overall view effect diagram of a three-dimensional digital earth software with seismic intensity influence fields superimposed thereon;
FIG. 4 is a close-up view angle effect diagram of seismic intensity influence fields superimposed on three-dimensional digital earth software;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the effect of triangular mesh processing when the seismic intensity influence field is processed by surface mapping.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the effect of the seismic intensity influence field when it is completely opaque when it is superimposed in three-dimensional digital software.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in the technical flow chart 1 of the present invention, the method mainly comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps: generation of seismic intensity pre-evaluation vector data by using seismic intensity rapid evaluation model
Firstly, a user inputs earthquake three-element information according to a specific earthquake event; secondly, the user can perform self-defined setting on the model parameters for rapidly evaluating the seismic intensity, and the setting interface is shown in FIG. 2; thirdly, a user can perform self-defined setting on the included angle between the long axis direction of the earthquake influence field and the horizontal direction; and finally, automatically generating vector format data of the earthquake influence field by the software bottom layer code according to the setting information, wherein the generated vector data format supports reading and using common GIS software such as ArcGIS, Supermap, MagGIS and the like. FIG. 3 is an overall view effect diagram of a three-dimensional digital earth software with vector data of an earthquake influence field generated by a certain simulation test earthquake superposed.
2) Step two: three-dimensional diffusion and dynamic rendering of seismic influence field
In a three-dimensional scene, the earthquake influence field spreads and extends around by taking the epicenter position as the center, and dynamic rendering of different color values and transparency is given.
2.1) control of the speed of the wandering
According to the propagation speed of the seismic waves multiplied by a control coefficient, a diffusion speed with a good visualization effect can be obtained. The control coefficient can be input by a user in a customized way, and common recommended values, such as 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and the like, can be quickly selected through a software interface. In this embodiment, a slider is added to the software interface, so that the three-dimensional wandering speed can be adjusted by directly dragging the slider, as shown in the interfaces in fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6.
2.2) surface treatment in the course of diffusion
The visual expression of the spreading process is carried out in a three-dimensional space, and the elliptic two-dimensional seismic influence field data must be converted into a three-dimensional visual effect matched with the elevation of the earth surface in real time. The specific processing mode is that sampling is carried out by using a reasonable distance step length to establish a triangular irregular grid to approximately match elevation information, the commonly used step length is 1-5 kilometers, and the self-defined configuration can be carried out according to the requirement of a user on the calculation efficiency. FIG. 4 shows the effect of the seismic intensity influence field superimposed on the ground display of the three-dimensional digital earth software at the near view angle. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the effect of triangular mesh processing when the seismic intensity influence field is processed by surface mapping.
2.3) rendering color values and transparency of seismic influence fields at different positions
In order to visually express the change of the seismic intensity and reflect the rule that the seismic intensity gradually attenuates from the epicenter position to the periphery, the corresponding color attenuation value and transparency value are calculated in real time according to the seismic intensity calculated by the distance from the epicenter and the intensity attenuation formula at different positions affected by the earthquake. The usual epicenter position is represented by red, and the color gradually shows as light red in the process of expanding to the periphery, and the color becomes colorless when the intensity is attenuated to zero. The user can also select different colors for personalized expression. As shown in fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, the color rendering of the seismic influence field gradually changes from the center to the periphery. Meanwhile, the change of the color transparency can be directly set through a sliding block on the interface, and as shown in fig. 6, an effect graph is displayed when the seismic intensity influence field is superposed in the three-dimensional digital software and is completely opaque.
3) End rule of three-dimensional extension of earthquake influence field
The three-dimensional extension process of the seismic influence field should be terminated, if necessary. The conditions given in the present invention have three situations, which judgment rules to activate can be set in the software, and the software can be terminated when at least one rule is satisfied.
3.1) intensity rule
And calculating according to the intensity attenuation formula, and automatically terminating the three-dimensional diffusion process when the intensity attenuation is zero.
3.2) distance rules
And when the distance between the outermost edge of the seismic influence field diffusion and the epicenter position reaches a certain value, the three-dimensional diffusion process is automatically terminated.
3.3) user intervention rules
When the user thinks that the termination is necessary, the user can directly send the termination operation, and the three-dimensional extension process is immediately terminated.
The above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and a person skilled in the art can modify the technical solution of the present invention or substitute the same without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be determined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A three-dimensional diffuse visualization method for a seismic influence field comprises the following steps: 1) in the earthquake influence field generation stage, generating earthquake intensity pre-evaluation vector data by using a rapid evaluation model and user-defined parameters; 2) in the three-dimensional diffusion stage of the earthquake affected field, dynamically diffusing the earthquake affected field to the periphery in a three-dimensional space by taking the epicenter position as a center at a proper diffusion speed in a surface-attached mode and rendering visualization in real time;
the earth surface sticking treatment in the spreading process is to convert the two-dimensional seismic influence field data into a three-dimensional visual effect matched with the earth surface elevation in real time; the specific processing mode is that sampling is carried out by using a reasonable distance step length to establish a triangular irregular grid to approximately match elevation information, and the selection of the step length is configured by self-defining according to the requirement of a user on the calculation efficiency;
3) selecting an intensity rule, a distance rule or a user intervention rule to terminate the process of spreading the earthquake affected field;
the intensity rule means that the three-dimensional diffusion process is automatically terminated when the intensity value obtained by calculation according to the intensity attenuation formula is attenuated to zero.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the user-defined parameters in step 1) include major and minor axis coefficients, and an angle between a major axis direction and a horizontal direction of the intensity rapid-assessment model.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the seismic influence field vector data generated in step 1) supports loading and processing of GIS software and is overlaid in three-dimensional digital earth software for viewing and display.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the propagation velocity in step 2) is controlled by multiplying the propagation velocity of the seismic wave by a coefficient, and the control coefficient is generated by two methods, one is input by user and the other is quick selection of a common recommended value through a software interface.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the real-time rendering visualization in step 2) is a rendering of color values and transparency of the earthquake-affected field at different positions, the rendering rule is gradually attenuated from the epicenter position to the periphery, and corresponding color attenuation values and transparency values are calculated in real time according to the distance between the current position and the epicenter and the earthquake intensity calculated by the intensity attenuation formula; the color value of the epicenter position is deepest and gradually becomes lighter in the process of expanding to the periphery until the color value becomes colorless; the user can also select different colors for personalized expression.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance rule in step 3) means that the three-dimensional diffusion process is automatically terminated when the outermost edge of the seismic influence field diffusion reaches a certain value from the epicenter position.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the user intervention rule in step 3) is that when the user considers that termination is necessary, the user can directly send a termination operation, and the three-dimensional roaming process is terminated immediately.
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