CN107510529B

CN107510529B - Joint orthosis

Info

Publication number: CN107510529B
Application number: CN201710706019.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王骏; 邱玉宇
Original assignee: Wuxi No 9 Peoples Hospital
Current assignee: Wuxi No 9 Peoples Hospital
Priority date: 2017-08-17
Filing date: 2017-08-17
Publication date: 2020-04-21
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-17
Also published as: CN107510529A

Abstract

The invention discloses a joint orthosis, and belongs to the technical field of joint rehabilitation nursing. The joint orthosis comprises a fixing device, a drafting device and an angle positioning device; the drafting device is two drafting arms which are symmetrically arranged and connected through an axis, and an angle positioning device is arranged between the two drafting arms and close to the axis; the fixing device is arranged on the other side of the angle positioning device relative to the axis; the fixation means comprise a fixture, clamp or strap-connected fixation element. The joint orthosis provided by the invention can ensure that limbs on two sides of the joint are always pulled by axial force; the fixed point or the stress point of the limb can not generate pressure sore. The joint orthosis is suitable for joints with different angles in the range of 0-180 degrees, and can be stretched according to the set angle strictly in the stretching process, so that the phenomenon that the orthosis is damaged due to the fact that the orthosis does not reach the preset angle is avoided.

Description

Joint orthosis

Technical Field

The invention relates to a joint orthosis, and belongs to the technical field of joint rehabilitation nursing.

Background

Joint orthoses are commonly used in the rehabilitation of joint-constrained diseases. Joint motion is limited mainly for the following reasons: narrow joint space, contracture of soft tissues such as ligament around joint and joint capsule (palm plate), and bony causes such as joint fusion and joint surface injury.

The current clinical treatment method is to apply continuous stretching force in the motion plane of the joint to improve the motion range of the joint, but the method is not suitable for the situation of narrow joint gaps, and the stretching force applied to the joints with narrow gaps can cause the extrusion of the joint surfaces instead, which is not favorable for the nutrition of the joint cartilage. In addition, percutaneous fixation is usually performed by using auxiliary materials such as adhesive plaster, and long-axis traction is applied to the limbs before and after the joint to pull the joint gap. However, the adhesive plaster may cause adverse reactions such as skin allergy, and the fixing force of the adhesive plaster is unstable and easy to slip, thereby causing treatment failure.

In addition to the above method, the existing joint orthoses can only pull both ends of the joint in a straight line, and when the joint is at a certain angle, the existing joint orthoses cannot achieve that the pulling force is always positioned in the axial direction of both sides of the joint. Therefore, the joint is easy to generate folding force and torsion force on limbs, bad effects are brought, the joint shows a straightening trend under the action of the orthosis, and the joint cannot be stretched under the condition that the joint is bent to form a certain angle. The non-axial force of the orthosis has poor drafting effect, which may cause uneven stress on the fixed point of the limb and form undesirable effects such as pressure sore.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the invention provides a joint orthosis, which comprises a fixing device, a drafting device and an angle positioning device; the drafting device is two drafting arms which are symmetrically arranged and connected through an axis, and an angle positioning device is arranged between the two drafting arms and close to the axis; the fixing device is arranged on the other side of the angle positioning device relative to the axis; the fixation means comprise a fixture, clamp or strap-connected fixation element.

In one embodiment of the invention, the drafting device comprises a main arm and a screw rod; the main arm is in threaded connection with the screw rod.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a connecting member is provided at a connection of the main arm and the screw for adjusting the expansion and contraction of the screw.

In one embodiment of the invention, the connecting element is a knob.

In one embodiment of the invention, a webbing is disposed on the lead screw.

In one embodiment of the invention, the angle adjuster is arc-shaped with equally spaced through holes.

In one embodiment of the invention, rivets, fixing pins or bolts are arranged in at least two symmetrically arranged through-holes, which fix the angle adjuster to the primary arm of the orthosis.

In one embodiment of the invention, the fixing element is a curved spacer, which is connected to the joint orthosis by means of a cable.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one surface of the arc cushion block is provided with a buffer layer, and the buffer layer is made of an elastic material.

It is a second object of the invention to provide a medical aid comprising said joint orthosis.

Has the advantages that: 1. the joint orthosis provided by the invention can ensure that limbs on two sides of the joint are always pulled by axial force; 2. the method of the invention can ensure that the fixed point or the stress point of the limb does not generate pressure sores; 3. the joint orthosis is suitable for joints with different angles in the range of 0-180 degrees, and can be stretched according to the set angle strictly in the stretching process, so that the phenomenon that the orthosis is damaged due to the fact that the orthosis does not reach the preset angle is avoided.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a joint orthosis of the present invention; wherein, 1, an angle regulator; 2, a main arm; 3, a screw rod; 4, an axis; 5, a knob; 6, a band-shaped fabric; 7, pulling a rope; 8, an arc cushion block;

fig. 2 is a force analysis diagram of a pull cord during use of the joint orthosis of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a force analysis diagram of the joint orthosis of the present invention during use;

fig. 4 is a force analysis diagram of the arc-shaped cushion block in the joint orthosis of the present invention during use;

figure 5 is a force analysis diagram of the limb 1 to be corrected;

FIG. 6 is a force analysis plot of a joint when the pull cord is not on the orthosis angle bisector;

FIG. 7 is an X-ray view of a lesion present in a joint;

fig. 8 is an X-ray view of a joint orthosis embodying the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is realized by the following modes:

as shown in fig. 1, the joint orthosis of the present invention includes a master arm 2, a shaft center 4, a screw rod 3, and an angle adjuster 1; the main arms 2 are symmetrically arranged and rotate by taking the axis 4 as a fulcrum; the angle regulator 1 is arc-shaped, has through holes distributed at equal intervals, and is respectively fixed on the two main arms 2 through rivets, fixing pins or bolts penetrating through the 2 through holes; the knob 5 is arranged at one end of the main arm 2 connected with the screw rod 3, the screw rod 3 is in threaded connection with the main arm 2, and the screw rod 3 is stretched by rotating the knob 5. The end of the screw rod is provided with a band-shaped fabric 6, and the band-shaped fabric 6 can be selected from a binding band; two pull ropes 7 are arranged on the angle regulator 1, and the other ends of the pull ropes 7 are connected and fixed with the arc-shaped cushion blocks 8; at least one surface of the arc cushion block 8 is provided with a buffer layer made of elastic materials, and the buffer layer is used for fixing joints and preventing the joints from being damaged excessively in hands.

The use mode of the invention is as follows: the joint orthosis is arranged on the outer side of the joint to be corrected, the two main arms 2 are adjusted to a required angle, and a bolt, a fixing pin or a rivet penetrates through a through hole of the angle adjuster 1 to fix an included angle between the main arms 2. The main arms 2 are respectively tightly attached to limbs (namely the limb 1 and the limb 2) on two sides of the joint, the screw rod 3 is fixed with the limbs through the ribbon-shaped fabric 6, and the joint to be corrected is fixed with an included angle formed by the axis 4 of the orthosis and the two main arms 2 through the pull rope 7 and the arc-shaped cushion block 8. And rotating the knob 5 at the same speed to slowly extend the screw rod 3, so that the limbs 1 and 2 keep the set included angle of the orthosis to realize bidirectional stretching.

An orthogonal rectangular coordinate system is established by taking an angular bisector between the limb 1 and the limb 2 as an axis y, the stress analysis of the joint orthosis is shown in figures 2-3, and the pulling force of the pulling rope 7 is F_sLet the angle between the limb 1 and the x-axis be θ. And respectively analyzing the stress conditions of the orthosis main body, the arc cushion block, the limb 1 and the limb 2.

(1) In FIG. 3, the force applied in the pull cord direction is F_sThe force exerted by the limb 1 on the orthosis is F_t1The force exerted by the limb 2 on the orthosis is F_t2The angle between the direction of the force and the direction perpendicular to the pull cord is theta, and since the direction of the pull cord is always along the direction of the bisector of the limbs 1 and 2, F is_t1And F_t2Are symmetrical to each other to obtain

F_t1＝F_t2＝F_s/2Sinθ ①

(2) The stress analysis of the arc-shaped cushion block is shown in figure 4, and the pulling force of the pulling-up is F_sThe elasticity of the limb 1 to the cushion block vertical to the limb is F_s1The elasticity of the limb 2 to the cushion block vertical to the limb is F_s2Due to symmetry, F_s1＝F_s2To obtain

F_s1＝F_s2＝F_s/2Sinθ ②

(3) Stress analysis of the limb 1 As shown in fig. 5, the pushing force of the orthosis main arm to the limb is F_t1The elastic force of the cushion block to the limb 1 is F_s1The pulling force of the limb 2 to the limb 1 is F_2-1。F_s1Component force in the y-axis direction of magnitude F_s1·cosθ，F_t1Component force in the y-axis is downward and has magnitude of F_s1·cosθ＝F_s·sinθ/2sinθ＝1/2F_s，

Can obtain F_s1And F_t1The forces in the y direction are balanced, thus, F_s1And F_t1Magnitude of resultant force of (A) and (F)_2-1Same and opposite in direction of action. F_2-1＝F_t1·cosθ+F_s1·sinθ＝F_sAnd/2 (sin θ · cos θ), the direction being along the positive x-axis.

In the same way, the stress F of the limb 2_1-2＝F_sAnd/2 (sin θ · cos θ), in the negative x-axis direction.

(4) When the pull rope direction is not on the angular bisector of the joint, the force analysis is as shown in fig. 6: under the action of the orthosis, the joint as a whole is acted by 3 forces, and the pulling force F of the pulling rope_sThrust F of one main arm of the orthosis on the joint_t1The thrust F of the other main arm of the orthosis on the joint_t2. Wherein, F_sActing on the limbs 1 and 2 by means of arcuate pads, as shown in figure 6, F_sElastic force F acting on the limb 1 and perpendicular to the limb 1 and decomposed into arc-shaped cushion blocks_s1And a spring force F acting on the limb 2 and perpendicular to the limb 2_s2. Since the whole joint is in a stress balance state, the F is known_t1And F_t2Exactly with F_sAnd (4) balancing. Since the limb 1 is subjected to F_t1And F_s1And F is_t1And F_s1Perpendicular to each other, then F_t1And F_s1Resultant force of (1) ≠ 0, thus F_2-1And F_t1And F_s1The resultant forces of the two are balanced forces. In the same way, the limb 2 must receive the tension F of the limb 1_1-2And F_1-2And F_t2And F_s2The resultant forces of the two are balanced forces. Thus, it can be obtained that F is guaranteed_sIn the presence of a pulling force, F_1-2And F_2-1The joint stretching device has the advantages that the joint stretching device is a pair of acting force and reacting force, and the joint stretching device can stretch joints under the action of the acting force and the reacting force.

The joint orthosis disclosed by the invention is used for correcting the joint with the joint clearance closed, an X-ray picture before correction is shown in fig. 7, and the joint clearance at the second knuckle of the ring finger of the left hand is small, so that the finger cannot be bent normally. The joint orthosis is used for correcting the joint, the arc-shaped cushion block is coated on the outer side of the joint, the elastic buffer area faces the joint, the outer ends of two screw rods of the orthosis are respectively fixed with limbs at two ends of the joint through the binding band, and the orthosis is controlled to be always under the angle by adjusting the angle when the joint is bent and fixing the angle of the angle adjuster. The screw rod is slowly extended by rotating the knob, and the limbs are driven to be stretched at the angle. In the correction process, the orthosis cannot deform or fail to correct due to uneven stress, is convenient to operate, and cannot generate undesirable phenomena such as pressure sores on patients. After a period of correction, the X-ray picture of the joint is shown in fig. 8, and the joint clearance at the second knuckle of the ring finger of the left hand is obviously increased.

The joint orthosis can also be used for correcting injuries of parts such as trunk, limbs and the like caused by joint gap stenosis.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A joint orthosis is characterized by comprising a fixing device, a drafting device and an angle positioning device; the drafting devices are two drafting arms which are symmetrically arranged and connected through an axis, and each drafting arm comprises a main arm and a screw rod; the main arm is in threaded connection with the screw rod; a connecting element is arranged at the joint of the main arm and the screw rod and used for adjusting the expansion of the screw rod; the connecting element is a knob; one end of the screw rod, which is far away from the main arm, is provided with a band-shaped fabric; an angle positioning device is arranged between the two traction arms and close to the axis; the fixing device is arranged on the same side of the angle positioning device relative to the axis, the angle positioning device is an angle adjuster, the angle adjuster is arc-shaped and is provided with through holes distributed at equal intervals, and the fixing device comprises a fixture, a clamp or a fixing element connected with a belt-shaped object; the fixing element is an arc-shaped cushion block, the arc-shaped cushion block is connected with the middle part of the angle regulator through a pull rope, the joint orthosis is arranged on the outer side of the joint to be corrected, the two main arms are regulated to a required angle, a bolt, a fixing pin or a rivet penetrates through a through hole of the angle regulator to fix an included angle between the main arms, the main arms are respectively tightly attached to the limbs on two sides of the joint and are respectively a limb and a limb, the screw rod is fixed with the limbs through a ribbon fabric, the joint to be corrected is fixed with the axis of the orthosis and the included angle formed by the two main arms through the pull rope and the arc-shaped cushion block, the knob is rotated at the same speed to slowly extend the screw rod, and the limbs.

2. The joint orthosis of claim 1, wherein rivets, fixing pins or bolts are provided in at least two of the through holes to fix the angle adjuster to the primary arm of the orthosis.

3. The joint orthosis of claim 1, wherein at least one side of the arcuate pad is provided with a cushioning layer, the cushioning layer being made of an elastic material.

4. Medical aid comprising a joint orthosis according to any of claims 1 to 3.