CN107509735B - 增效杀螨组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
增效杀螨组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107509735B CN107509735B CN201710755201.6A CN201710755201A CN107509735B CN 107509735 B CN107509735 B CN 107509735B CN 201710755201 A CN201710755201 A CN 201710755201A CN 107509735 B CN107509735 B CN 107509735B
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- cyenopyrafen
- ivermectin
- acaricide
- acaricidal composition
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种增效杀螨组合物,该增效杀螨组合物由天维菌素和腈吡螨酯组成;天维菌素与腈吡螨酯的质量配比为1:50~50:1。本发明还同时提供了利用上述增效杀螨组合物制备而成的杀螨剂,该杀螨剂中含有质量百分比≥0.1%的增效杀螨组合物。本发明还同时提供了上述增效杀螨组合物的用途:防治农业害螨。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及杀螨组合物,特别涉及一种含有天维菌素和腈吡螨酯的增效杀螨组合物及其应用。
背景技术
天维菌素(tenvermectin)是一种新型生物源杀虫杀螨化合物,属大环内酯类,具有广谱、高效、低毒、剂量小、使用安全等特点。天维菌素对果树、蔬菜上的鳞翅目害虫如潜叶蛾、小菜蛾、棉铃虫及螨类如叶螨、全爪螨等害螨均具有较好防效。
腈吡螨酯(cyenopymfen)是由日产化学公司研制的新型吡唑类杀螨剂,作用机理新颖,该药剂通过代谢转化成羟基化合物,作用于呼吸***的电子传递链,通过扰乱琥珀酸脱氢酶,抑制线粒体正常的功效,达到防治作用。与当今使用的杀螨剂无交互抗性,可有效控制水果、柑桔、茶叶、蔬菜上的各种害螨。
当前,国内一些老的杀螨剂品种(如三氯杀螨醇和杀虫脒等)由于其安全性及抗性问题已被禁止使用,而安全性相对较高、防效更好的杀螨剂(如吡螨胺、哒螨酮和四螨嗪)等品种,也因长期使用,抗性问题日益凸显。近几年虽然也有新的杀螨剂研发、生产(如螺螨酯、丁氟螨酯等),但由于螨类是极易产生抗性的害物,长期使用单一杀螨剂品种,易造成抗性的迅速发展,需要有不同作用机制的杀螨剂来交替使用。腈吡螨酯和天维菌素作为具有新颖作用机理的杀螨剂和活性优异的生物杀螨剂,可为杀螨剂品种的交替使用提供新的选择。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种新型低毒、高效且持效期长、延缓害螨抗药性的产生,可有效防治农业螨类(特别是对炔螨特、阿维菌素已产生抗药性的害螨)的杀螨组合物。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种增效杀螨组合物,该增效杀螨组合物由天维菌素和腈吡螨酯组成;天维菌素与腈吡螨酯的质量配比为1:50~50:1。
作为本发明的增效杀螨组合物的改进:天维菌素与腈吡螨酯的质量配比为1:20~20:1。
作为本发明的增效杀螨组合物的进一步改进:天维菌素与腈吡螨酯的质量配比为1:10~5:1;更佳为:0.1~5:1。
本发明还同时提供了上述增效杀螨组合物制备而成的杀螨剂,该杀螨剂中含有质量百分比≥0.1%的增效杀螨组合物。
作为本发明的杀螨剂的改进:所述杀螨剂中含有质量百分比为1%~80%的增效杀螨组合物。
作为本发明的杀螨剂的进一步改进:所述杀螨剂为乳油、悬浮剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、可分散油悬浮剂。
本发明还同时提供了上述增效杀螨组合物的用途:防治农业害螨。
作为本发明的增效杀螨组合物的用途的改进:用于防治对炔螨特、阿维菌素已产生抗药性的害螨。
本发明的杀螨组合物含有两种活性成分,一种活性成分为天维菌素,另一种活性成分为腈吡螨酯。本发明将二者复配,更可有效防治抗性害螨的危害。可以减少农药用量,显著提高杀螨效果,减少环境污染,解决了害螨对单一药剂易产生抗性问题,延长药剂的使用寿命,是害虫综合治理的重要手段。天维菌素和腈吡螨酯的混配防治农业害螨目前尚无报道与应用。
本发明提供的杀螨剂,除上述组合物外,还可以进一步的包括农药上可以接受的、通常用于配制杀虫杀螨组合物的载体和助剂。所述载体可以是固体的,也可以是液体的。
合适的固体载体包括:矿物类,植物类,合成填料类和无机盐类。其中矿物类包括硅酸盐类,碳酸盐类,硫酸盐类和氧化物类。硅酸盐类例如高岭土,海泡石,珍珠陶土,蒙脱土,云母,蛭石,叶蜡石,滑石。碳酸盐类例如:碳酸钙,白云石。硫酸盐类如硫酸铵,硫酸钠,硫酸钙。氧化物类如生石灰,镁石灰,硅藻土。植物类例如:柑桔渣,玉米棒芯,谷壳粉,稻壳,大豆秸粉,烟草粉,胡桃壳,锯木粉。合成填料类如沉淀碳酸钙水合物,沉淀碳酸钙,白炭黑。无机盐类例如氯化钾,氯化钠。
液体载体包括水和有机溶剂。当有效成分为水乳剂或悬乳剂时,有机溶剂起到增溶和防冻作用。合适的有机溶剂包括芳烃,例如苯、二甲苯、甲苯、烷基苯、烷基萘和氯代芳烃;氯代脂肪烃,例如氯乙烯、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳和多氯乙烷;脂肪烃,例如石油馏分、环己烷、轻质矿物油和石蜡。醇类例如甲醇,乙醇,异丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇,乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、脂肪醇等;醚类例如甲基乙二醇醚,乙基乙二醇醚,石油醚。酮类例如丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮以及异氟尔酮、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮;特种溶剂还有二甲基甲酰胺,二甲基亚砜,聚乙二醇,已腈;植物油及甲基化植物油等油相载体。上述载体既可以单独使用,也可以混合使用,还可以与水一起混合使用。
本发明所述助剂可以根据需要包括表面活性剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、助悬剂和防冻剂中的一种或几种,还可以根据需要包括本行业常用的其他助剂。
表面活性剂可以是乳化剂、分散剂或润湿剂;可以是离子型的或非离子型的。合适的表面活性剂包括:聚丙烯酸和木质素磺酸的钠盐和钙盐;分子中含有至少12个碳原子的脂肪酸或脂肪胺与环氧乙烷和/环氧丙烷的缩聚产物;甘油、十二烷醇-1、十四烷醇-1、山梨醇、蔗糖或季戊四醇的脂肪酸酯;及它们与环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的缩聚产物;它们的缩聚产物的硫酸盐或磺酸盐;在分子中至少含有10个碳原子的硫酸或磺酸的碱金属或碱土金属盐,较佳的为钠盐,如十二烷基硫酸钠、仲烷基硫酸钠、磺化蓖麻油的钠盐、烷芳基磺酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠;环氧乙烷的聚合物、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的共聚物。
乳化剂包括非离子型乳化剂和市售的乳化剂。非离子型乳化剂优选聚氧乙烯脂肪酸脂、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚和聚氧乙烯脂肪氨,例如乙氧基化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯(n20)苯乙基酚基醚油酸酯、烷基芳基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、烷基芳基甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚、三苯乙烯基酚聚氧乙烯(n20),醚磷酸化三乙醇胺盐、二苯乙基酚基聚氧乙烯醚(n18)甲醛缩合物、二苯基酚聚氧乙烯(n18)聚氧丙烯醚(n20)等。市售的乳化剂包括:农乳0201B、农乳0203B、农乳100#、农乳500#、农乳600#、农乳600-2#、农乳1601、农乳2201、农乳NP-10、农乳NP-15、农乳507#、农乳OX-635、农乳OX-622、农乳OX-653、农乳OX-667、农乳CS-7、宁乳36#。
本发明所述的分散剂包括:木质素磺酸钠、拉开粉、木质素磺酸钙、甲基萘磺酸甲醛缩合物、萘磺酸甲醛缩合物、亚甲基萘磺酸钠、油酸甲基氨基乙基磺酸钠、环氧聚醚、对叔丁基醚、二丁基萘磺酸甲醛缩合物、磷酸盐如六偏磷酸钠、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基磷酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐、N-甲基-脂肪酰基-牛磺酸钠烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、芳烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油环氧乙烷加成物、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚和甲基纤维素。
本发明所述的润湿剂包括:月桂醇硫酸钠、烷基醇聚氧乙烯基醚硫酸钠、辛基酚聚氧乙烯基醚硫酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐、烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、烷基萘磺酸钠、烷基丁二酸磺酸盐、月桂醇聚氧乙烯基醚磺酸钠、烷酰胺基牛磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯基醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯聚氧乙烯基醚等。
本发明所述的增稠剂,既可以是人工合成的,例如羧甲基醇、聚乙烯醇或聚乙酸乙烯酯;也可以是天然的水溶性聚合物,例如黄原胶、明胶、***树胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、硅酸铝镁、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、酚醛树脂、虫胶、羧甲基纤维素和海藻酸钠等。
本发明所述的消泡剂优选为:泡敌、硅酮类、C8~10脂肪醇、C10~20饱和脂肪酸类及酰胺等。
本发明所述的杀螨组合物可以被配制成乳油、悬浮剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂可分散油悬浮剂等。当被配制成制剂时,所述乳油、悬浮剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、可分散油悬浮剂,含有杀螨组合物以质量计含有0.1%以上的组合物(以下百分比均为质量百分比)。
为可湿性粉剂时,有效成分0.1%~80%、润湿剂2%~10%、分散剂5%~10%、填料8~90%。
为乳油时,有效成分0.1%~60%、乳化剂1%~10%、溶剂补齐至100%。
为悬浮剂时,有效成分0.1%~60%、润湿剂1%~5%、分散剂1%~8%、增稠剂0.1%~1%、防冻剂2%~5%,水补齐至100%。
为微乳剂时,有效成分0.1%~40%、乳化剂1%~12%、助溶剂0%~10%、稳定剂0%~5%、溶剂0%~40%,水补齐至100%。
为水乳剂时,有效成分0.1%~40%、乳化剂1%~20%、助溶剂0%~15%、稳定剂0%~5%、溶剂10%~40%,水补齐至100%。
为水分散粒剂时,有效成分0.1%~80%、表面活性剂0%~2%、润湿剂1%~15%、分散剂1%~15%、崩解剂1%~10%、稳定剂0%~5%,填料补齐至100%。
为可分散油悬浮剂时,有效成分0.1%~60%、润湿剂1%~5%、分散剂1%~8%、增稠剂0.1%~1%、防冻剂1%~3%,油相载体补齐至100%。
本发明所述的农业杀螨组合物可以直接制成成品制剂形式,即组合物中各物质已经混合,直接用于杀螨;组合物的成分也可以由单独制剂提供,使用前在桶(罐)中直接混合。本发明的浓缩物通常与水混合得到所需活性物质的浓度。
本发明还包括本发明组合物制备成杀螨制剂控制农林害虫的用途。具体适合于防治多种重要的农业害虫如棉花叶螨、蔬菜叶螨、山楂叶螨、柑桔全爪螨、柑桔锈螨、苹果全爪螨、苹果叶螨、二斑叶螨、瘿螨、粉螨等。用于果树如苹果、梨、柑桔、荔枝等,禾谷类如小麦、水稻等,豆类如大豆、菜豆等,棉花,茶树,蔬菜如甘蓝、花椰菜、白菜、油菜、番茄、辣椒,花卉如月季等。
本发明所述的农用杀螨剂施用场所为农田、果园或仓库等。
本发明所述的农用杀螨组合物可以按普通的方法施用,如浇注、喷射、喷雾。施用量随气候条件或作物状态变化(约为450~750L/ha),施用时间可以在害螨危害之前或之后。保护作用的持续时间通常与组合物中单个化合物的含量有关,也与外界因素相关,例如气候,但通过使用适当的剂型可以减缓气候的影响。
本发明所述的农用杀螨组合物也可以与其它具有杀虫、除草、杀菌性能的化合物混合使用,也可以与杀线虫剂、防护剂、生长调节剂、植物营养素或土壤调节剂混合使用。
本发明提供的含有两种活性成分的组合物相比现有技术,具有以下优点:
(1)组合物中两种活性成分复配在一定配比范围内对害螨朱砂叶螨(Tetranychuscinnabarinus)表现出极强的增效作用,混合后的组合物杀螨效果较其单剂有明显的提高;
(2)组合物中两种活性成分复配在一定配比范围内表现出对柑桔全爪螨(Panonychus citri)、苹果全爪螨(Panonychus ulmi)等害螨的速效性和持效性明显高于单剂;
(3)组合物由不同作用机制的有效成分组成,作用位点增加,有利于克服和延缓害螨抗药性的产生,延长农药使用寿命。组合物制剂用来防治对炔螨特、阿维菌素等常用药剂已产生抗性的柑桔全爪螨具有优异的防效。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明进行进一步说明,但并不将本发明局限于这些具体实施方式。本领域技术人员应该认识到,本发明涵盖了权利要求书范围内所可能包括的所有备选方案、改进方案和等效方案。
一、室内生物活性测定
为了解天维菌素与腈吡螨酯及其组合物对害螨的毒力,进行了室内生物活性测定试验。试验参照杀虫剂农药室内生物测定试验准则(农业行业标准NY/T1154.7-2006)和创制农药生物活性评价SOP(杀虫剂卷),采用喷雾法。供试靶标为朱砂叶螨(Tetranychuscinnabarinus)。将叶片带柄剪下,插于加水的玻璃瓶中,接一定数量的朱砂叶螨成螨,待成螨产卵24h后,去除成螨。再待卵全部孵化48h后进行喷雾处理,自然晾干。置于观察室(25±2℃、湿度70%~80%、16h光照/d)内培养。试验重复3次,并设空白对照,48h后进行调查。调查时以不能正常爬行为死虫。将调查数据用“DPS数据处理***”V14.50专业版进行数据分析统计,求出回归直线和LC50值。用孙云沛法(Sun等,1960)计算毒力指数,并计算共毒系数(表1)。
理论混用毒力指数(TTI)=A的毒力指数×A在混用中的含量(%)
+B的毒力指数×B在混用中的含量(%)
共毒系数若大于120,表明有增效作用;若小于80,表明为拮抗作用;若大于80小于120,表明为相加作用。
表1、天维菌素与腈吡螨酯及其混配对朱砂叶螨室内毒力测定结果
药剂 | LC<sub>50</sub>(mg/L) | 实测毒力指数 | 理论毒力指数 | 共毒系数 |
天维菌素(A) | 0.0212 | 3920.28 | - | - |
腈吡螨酯(B) | 0.8311 | 100.00 | - | - |
A:B(1:100) | 0.4920 | 168.92 | 137.82 | 122.56 |
A:B(1:50) | 0.3450 | 240.90 | 174.91 | 137.73 |
A:B(1:20) | 0.1881 | 441.84 | 281.92 | 156.73 |
A:B(1:10) | 0.1105 | 752.13 | 447.30 | 168.15 |
A:B(1:5) | 0.0662 | 1255.44 | 736.71 | 170.41 |
A:B(1:1) | 0.0231 | 3597.84 | 2010.14 | 178.98 |
A:B(5:1) | 0.0143 | 5811.89 | 3283.57 | 177.00 |
A:B(10:1) | 0.0147 | 5653.74 | 3572.98 | 158.24 |
A:B(20:1) | 0.0135 | 6156.30 | 3738.36 | 164.68 |
A:B(50:1) | 0.0151 | 5503.97 | 3845.38 | 143.13 |
A:B(100:1) | 0.0162 | 5130.25 | 3882.46 | 132.14 |
室内毒力测定结果表明:天维菌素与腈吡螨酯混配,在质量比为1:100~100:1的范围内,对朱砂叶螨均表现为增效作用,其中在质量比为1:20~20:1的范围内具有明显增效作用,以质量比为1:10~5:1的范围内增效作用最为显著。天维菌素与腈吡螨酯混配防治上述害虫具有科学合理性。
二、组合物的制备
发明中所有制剂的配比中百分比均为质量百分比。
一)、乳油的配制:
按配方要求,分别加入溶剂、原药、乳化剂,混合均匀,必要时用水浴加热溶解,即得到透明状乳油。
实施例1 10%乳油
天维菌素5%,腈吡螨酯5%,农乳0203B 6%,农乳0201B 9%,环己酮8%,溶剂油150补足至100%。
实施例2 20%乳油
天维菌素15%,腈吡螨酯5%,农乳2201#6%,农乳0201B 8%,环己酮8%,溶剂油150补足至100%。
二)、可湿性粉剂的配制
按配方要求,将原药、各种助剂及填料等充分混合,经超细粉碎机粉碎后,即得到加工产品。
实施例3 60%可湿性粉剂
天维菌素30%,腈吡螨酯30%,十二烷基苯磺酸钠1.8%,对叔丁基醚2%,白碳黑10%,木质素磺酸钠10%,轻质碳酸钙补足至100%。
实施例4 60%可湿性粉剂
天维菌素50%,腈吡螨酯10%,十二烷基苯磺酸钠2%,对叔丁基醚2%,白碳黑5%,木质素磺酸钠10%,轻质碳酸钙补足至100%。
三)、水分散性粒剂的配制
将原药和粉状载体、润湿展着剂及粘结剂等进行混合粉碎,再加水捏合后,加入装有一定规格筛网的造粒机中进行造粒。然后再经干燥、筛分(按筛网范围)即得颗粒状产品。
实施例5 40%水分散性粒剂
天维菌素10%,腈吡螨酯30%,N-甲基-油酰基-牛磺酸钠8%,萘酚磺酸甲醛缩合物10%,可溶性淀粉8%,硫酸钠10%,高岭土补足至100%。
实施例6 50%水分散性粒剂
天维菌素25%,腈吡螨酯25%,木质素磺酸钠15%,甲基萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物5%,环氧聚醚5%,膨润土10%,高岭土补足至100%。
四)、悬浮剂的配制
按配方要求,以水为介质,将原药、分散剂、润湿剂,助悬剂和防冻剂等混合均匀后加入砂磨机中,进行砂磨至一定的粒径过滤后加入增稠剂剪切搅拌均匀即可。
实施例7 30%悬浮剂
天维菌素5%,腈吡螨酯25%,木质素磺酸钠5%,白碳黑0.3%,EFW(烷基萘磺酸盐和阴离子润湿剂的混合物)2.0%,磷酸二氢钾0.2%,乙二醇4%,磷酸三丁酯0.2%,水补足至100%。
实施例8 55%悬浮剂
天维菌素50%,腈吡螨酯5%,甲基萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物2.5%,EFW(烷基萘磺酸盐和阴离子润湿剂的混合物)2.0%,农乳OX-656 3.0%,丙三醇4%,磷酸三丁酯0.2%,水补足至100%。
五)、水乳剂的配制
将原药,溶剂,乳化剂混合搅拌均匀配成均一油相,将水,乙二醇混合搅拌配成水相,在高剪切的条件下,将油相缓慢的加入到水相中,即可得到水乳剂。
实施例9 15%水乳剂
天维菌素5%,腈吡螨酯10%,溶剂油S-150 30%,三苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯3%,苯乙烯基苯酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚5%,丙二醇3%,水补至100%。
实施例10 25%水乳剂
天维菌素15%,腈吡螨酯10%,溶剂油S-150 30%,三苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯4%,端羟基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段共聚物5%,乙二醇3%,水补至100%。
六)、微乳剂的配制
将原药,溶剂,乳化剂混合搅拌均匀配成均一油相,将水逐渐加入到油相中,搅拌至均一透明即可。
实施例11 8%微乳剂
天维菌素2%,腈吡螨酯6%,异丙醇10%,溶剂油S-150 15%,十二烷基苯磺酸钙2%,苯乙烯基苯基聚氧乙烯醚18%,水补至100%。
实施例12 15%微乳剂
天维菌素5%,腈吡螨酯10%,N-辛基吡咯烷酮6%,溶剂油S-150 15%,十二烷基苯磺酸钙2%,烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚15%,水补至100%。
七)、可分散油悬浮剂的配制
将原药,分散剂,乳化剂、增稠剂和油相载体混合搅拌均匀后,加入砂磨机,研磨至一定的粒径即可。
实施例13 10%可分散油悬浮剂
天维菌素5%,腈吡螨酯5%,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯2%,蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚13%,有机膨润土2%,油酸甲酯补齐至100%。
实施例14 30%可分散油悬浮剂
天维菌素10%,腈吡螨酯20%,三苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯3%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚14%,有机膨润土1.5%,油酸甲酯补齐至100%。
三、田间小区药效试验
试验1、对柑桔全爪螨(Panonychus citri)的田间药效试验
在田间条件下测定对柑桔全爪螨的防治效果。试验根据“农药田间药效试验准则(一)——杀螨剂剂防治桔全爪螨GB/T 17980.11-2000”的规定进行,每试验小区柑桔叶片采用5个定点按东、南、西、北5个方位标记,每小区调查2株,调查每株上所有活虫数。药后1天调查药剂速效性,药后7天、14天、21天调查药剂持效性。施用量为750L/公顷。
试验结果:不同配比的组合物制剂对柑桔全爪螨的防效均优于腈吡螨酯、天维菌素单剂。速效性方面,药后1天,配比在1:10~5:1范围内组合物的防效为76.8%~80.1%,而其他配比组合物防效为71.5%~72.2%,两个单剂的防效分别为67.2%和62.8%。持效性方面,配比在1:10~5:1范围内组合物药剂的持效期为14~21天,药后21天的防效为93.8%~95.0%,而两个单剂及其他配比组合物药剂的持效期为7~14天,药后14天的防效均低于83.1%~88.3%%,具体见表2。
结果表明,组合物配比在1:10~5:1范围内,药剂对柑桔全爪螨速效性和持效性均明显高于两个单剂及其他配比组合物。
表2、对柑桔全爪螨的田间药效试验结果
备注说明:更改天维菌素与腈吡螨酯的质量配比关系(如表2所述),其余按照实施例中悬浮剂的相应制备方法,即能获得如表2所述的各悬浮剂。
试验2、对苹果全爪螨(Panonychus ulmi)的田间药效试验
在田间条件下测定对苹果全爪螨的防治效果。试验根据“农药田间药效试验准则(一)——杀螨剂防治苹果叶螨GB/T 17980.7-2000”的规定进行。每试验小区苹果叶片采用5个定点按东、南、西、北5个方位标记,每小区调查2株,调查每株上所有活虫数。药后1天调查药剂速效性,药后7天、14天、21天调查药剂持效性。施用量为750L/公顷。
试验结果:不同配比的组合物制剂对苹果全爪螨的防效均优于腈吡螨酯、天维菌素单剂。速效性方面,药后1天,配比在1:10~5:1范围内组合物的防效为75.9%~82.9%,而其他配比组合物防效为71.7%~72.1%,两个单剂的防效分别为66.3%和63.5%。持效性方面,配比在1:10~5:1范围内组合物药剂的持续期为14~21天,药后21天的防效为93.1%~94.4%,而两个单剂及其他配比组合物药剂的持效期为7~14天,药后14天的防效为83.6%~89.6%。具体见表3。
结果表明,组合物配比在1:10~5:1范围内,药剂对苹果全爪螨的速效性和持效性均明显高于两个单剂及其他配比组合物。
表3对苹果全爪螨的田间药效试验结果
试验3、对炔螨特和阿维菌素均已产生抗性的柑桔全爪螨的田间药效试验
以组合物制剂为试验药剂,选择对炔螨特、阿维菌素已经产生抗药性的柑桔全爪螨为防治对象。以常用药剂炔螨特、阿维菌素为对照药剂。试验方法及调查方法同试验1。
试验结果:配比在1:10~5:1范围内组合物制剂对柑桔全爪螨的防效高于其他配比范围,药后1天、7天、14天、21天的防效分别为76.0%-81.7%、92.1%~94.3%、94.2%~98.7%、91.8%~94.1%,远远高于炔螨特、阿维菌素等常用的柑桔全爪螨防治药剂超大剂量下的防效。结果表明,组合物制剂用来防治对炔螨特、阿维菌素等常用药剂已产生抗性的柑桔全爪螨具有优异的防效。具体见表4。
表4对抗性柑桔全爪螨的田间药效试验结果
备注说明:更改天维菌素与腈吡螨酯的质量配比关系(如表4所述),按照上述实施例中相应组合物制剂的制备方法,即能获得如表4所述的试验药剂。
炔螨特田间使用的常规有效浓度约为250mg/L,阿维菌素田间使用的常规有效浓度约为10mg/L,因此,上述表4中已经大大超量使用。
以上数据说明,在特定的配比范围下天维菌素和腈吡螨酯混配对于防治柑桔全爪螨和苹果全爪螨具有明显的增效作用,组合物防治效果(速效性和持效性)优于单独使用天维菌素、腈吡螨酯。
上述室内检测和田间药效试验结果表明本发明所述杀螨组合物产生的有益效果为:
(1)与单剂相比,该组合物对害螨有显著的增效作用,明显提高了对害螨的速效性和持效性;
(2)持效性提高后,可以减少用药次数,降低用药成本,减轻环境污染和农药残留;
(3)组合物由不同作用机制的有效成分组成,作用位点增加,有利于克服和延缓害虫抗药性的产生,特定的组合物制剂用来防治对炔螨特、阿维菌素等常用药剂已产生抗性的柑桔全爪螨具有优异的防效。本发明组合物对果树均无明显不良影响,叶色、长势等都正常,安全性好,符合农药制剂的安全性要求。
最后,还需要注意的是,以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.用于防治对炔螨特、阿维菌素已产生抗药性的害螨的增效杀螨组合物,其特征在于:所述增效杀螨组合物由天维菌素和腈吡螨酯组成;天维菌素与腈吡螨酯的质量配比为1:1~5:1。
2.利用权利要求1所述的增效杀螨组合物制备而成的杀螨剂,其特征在于:所述杀螨剂中含有质量百分比≥0.1%的增效杀螨组合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的杀螨剂,其特征在于:所述杀螨剂中含有质量百分比为1%~80%的增效杀螨组合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的杀螨剂,其特征在于:所述杀螨剂为乳油、悬浮剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、可分散油悬浮剂。
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