CN107503728B - Method for improving coal seam permeability by adopting directional water pressure centralized blasting - Google Patents
Method for improving coal seam permeability by adopting directional water pressure centralized blasting Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 23
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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Abstract
A method for improving the air permeability of a coal seam by adopting directional water pressure centralized blasting relates to the technical field of coal seam permeability increase, and comprises the following steps: firstly, drilling blast holes in a coal seam, then utilizing the drilled blast holes to perform hydraulic pre-cracking permeability increase on the coal seam, not pumping out water remaining in the blast holes after the hydraulic pre-cracking permeability increase, and ensuring that the water level in the blast holes is at least 2m higher than the upper part of the coal seam; step two, placing the directional water pressure centralized blasting device into the blast hole and enabling the blast hole to sink below the water surface; and thirdly, detonating the directional water pressure centralized blasting device to explode underwater to complete the permeability increasing operation of the coal bed. According to the method, the coal bed is subjected to hydraulic presplitting permeability increase, then the directional hydraulic centralized blasting device with a specific structure is detonated in water remained in the blast holes, and the crack development degree in the coal bed can be greatly improved by coupling the blasting gas with the water remained in the blast holes and the coal bed after the hydraulic fracturing operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal seam permeability increase, in particular to a method for improving coal seam permeability by adopting directional water pressure centralized blasting.
Background
More than half of the existing coal mines are high gas and coal and gas outburst mines. Gas is normally present in coal seams in two forms, namely, adsorbed and free. In the amount of gas generated in the coal seam, the amount of adsorbed gas is generally 90% or more, while the amount of free gas is only about 10%. When the coal seam is mined, the gas retained in the coal seam is released continuously along with the disturbance of the mining of the coal seam, and the harm is mainly expressed in three aspects: gas choking, gas explosion, coal and gas outburst. According to statistics, gas explosion accidents account for more than 40% of coal mine accidents in China, wherein the gas explosion accidents account for more than 82% of extra-large accidents.
In the prior art, scholars at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research work in the aspect of gas control, certain achievements are obtained, and some effective measures for preventing and controlling gas disasters are formed. Among them, the gas extraction technology is considered as one of the most effective methods for preventing gas disasters. However, as the mining depth of the coal seam increases, the gas content of the coal seam increases, the pressure increases, and the gas permeability of the coal seam is low, so that the extraction rate and the extraction effect of the gas of the coal seam are seriously affected.
Permeability improvement is a key technology for solving the gas extraction efficiency and safe production of low permeability coal seams in China, and in order to improve the permeability improvement effect of coal seams, various pressure relief permeability improvement methods such as deep hole pre-splitting blasting, protective layer mining, hydraulic fracturing (hydraulic pre-splitting permeability improvement), hydraulic undercutting, hydraulic punching, hydraulic slotting and the like have been proposed by Chinese coal science and technology workers in recent decades, but the permeability improvement effect is not ideal due to the incomplete technical conditions and processes of part of measures.
Chinese patent document 'CN 103321669A' discloses a method for increasing the permeability of a deep hole directional presplitting blasting low-permeability coal seam, which adopts a method of alternately charging a four-way vertical slit pipe and a cartridge and a four-way vertical slit pipe and a water bag, and forms a 'wedge effect' on a coal body crack together through the coupling effect of explosive gas and water, so that the crack is wedged into the coal body crack to further expand the crack, the action time of the explosive gas on the coal body crack is prolonged, a radial wave-shaped crack zone is formed around a drill hole, and a better permeability increasing effect is obtained. However, in practical applications, the method has the following defects: 1. in order to avoid the upward ejection of a large amount of explosive fragments along the blast hole, the blast hole needs to be blocked by the yellow mud roll within 10m from the orifice, and the workload of filling the yellow mud roll into the blast hole is large. 2. The blasting device can only be placed at the bottom of the blast hole for operation, and for the case that the coal seam is thick (for example, 10m thick), the permeability increasing effect of bottom blasting on the top of the coal seam is very limited. 3. The amount of water in the water bag is small, the wedge effect formed by coupling the water and the explosive gas is limited, and the effect is still to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for improving the air permeability of a coal bed by adopting directional water pressure centralized blasting, which comprises the steps of performing water pressure pre-cracking permeability increase on the coal bed, then detonating a directional water pressure centralized blasting device with a specific structure in water remained in a blast hole, coupling detonation gas with water remained in the blast hole and the coal bed after hydraulic fracturing operation, greatly improving the crack development degree in the coal bed, and filling yellow mud rolls in the blast hole before blasting, so that the operation is very convenient.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the method for improving the air permeability of the coal seam by adopting directional water pressure centralized blasting comprises the following steps:
firstly, drilling blast holes in a coal seam, then utilizing the drilled blast holes to perform hydraulic pre-cracking permeability increase on the coal seam, not pumping out water remaining in the blast holes after the hydraulic pre-cracking permeability increase, and ensuring that the water level in the blast holes is at least 2m higher than the upper part of the coal seam;
step two, placing the directional water pressure centralized blasting device into the blast hole and enabling the blast hole to sink below the water surface;
the directional water pressure centralized blasting device comprises a directional blasting tube, wherein two ends of the directional blasting tube are sealed through a cover plate, a plurality of energy release holes are formed in the outer peripheral surface of the directional blasting tube at intervals, the energy release holes are communicated with the inner cavity of the directional blasting tube, an explosive cartridge and a detonator are filled in the inner cavity of the directional blasting tube, a layer of high-pressure plastic film is wrapped on the outer peripheral surface of the directional blasting tube, the energy release holes are covered by the high-pressure plastic film, the top end of the directional blasting tube is connected with a first plugging component used for plugging blast holes during explosion so as to prevent explosive fragments from being ejected upwards along the blast holes, the first plugging component comprises a hollow tubular body, a top cover is arranged at the top end of the tubular body, a partition plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular body and divides the inner cavity of the tubular body into a connecting cavity on one side of the tubular body and a pressure cavity on the other side of the, the side wall of the connecting cavity and the outer peripheral surface of the top end of the directional blasting tube are provided with threaded connecting structures which are matched with each other, the top end of the directional blasting tube is screwed into the connecting cavity and is fixedly connected with the tubular body, the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body is further provided with a pressure channel which communicates the pressure cavity with the outside, the top cover of the tubular body is provided with a window, a window plate which can move up and down is embedded in the window, the top cover and the window plate are respectively provided with a plurality of hinge lugs, every two hinge lugs on the top cover and every two hinge lugs on the window plate are in groups, each group of hinge lugs is hinged with a clamping jaw, and the window plate moves upwards to enable the clamping jaws to be turned outwards and opened and inserted into the wall of the gun hole, so that the first plugging;
and thirdly, detonating the detonator to enable the directional blasting tube to explode underwater, and finishing the anti-reflection operation of the coal bed.
In the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, an elastic adhesive film is arranged in the pressure cavity, the elastic adhesive film is arranged below the top cover of the tubular body and covers a window arranged on the top cover, and the periphery of the elastic adhesive film is fixedly connected with the top cover.
Furthermore, in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, the joint of the periphery of the elastic adhesive film and the top cover is also coated with a circle of elastic sealant.
Preferably, in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, the first plugging component further comprises an elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve sleeved outside the tubular body, the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is gradually enlarged from top to bottom to be horn-shaped, the top end of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is fixedly connected with the top end of the tubular body, a support and a limiting guide rod are arranged in the pressure cavity, the support is horizontally arranged, the limiting guide rod is vertically arranged, the support is connected with the limiting guide rod in a sliding mode and can move up and down along the limiting guide rod, a plurality of support rods are hinged to the support, a plurality of notches are formed in the tubular body, the other ends of the support rods extend out of the notches and are hinged to the inner wall of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve, and when the support moves up, the support rods can turn over outwards to enable the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve to be outwards expanded and.
Furthermore, in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, a through hole is vertically formed in the partition plate, a threading hole is formed in a cover plate at the top end of the directional blasting tube, and a lead used for detonating the detonator sequentially penetrates out of the threading hole, the through hole, the pressure cavity and the pressure channel.
Preferably, in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, a second plugging component is installed at the bottom end of the directional blasting tube, the structure of the second plugging component is the same as that of the first plugging component, and the connecting structure of the second plugging component and the bottom end of the directional blasting tube is also the same as that of the first plugging component and the top end of the directional blasting tube.
Or in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, a third plugging component is installed at the bottom end of the directional blasting tube, the third plugging component comprises a hollow tubular body, a top cover is arranged at the top end of the tubular body, a partition plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular body, the partition plate divides the inner cavity of the tubular body into a connecting cavity at one side of the connecting cavity and a pressure cavity at the other side of the connecting cavity, mutually matched threaded connecting structures are arranged on the side wall of the connecting cavity and the outer peripheral surface of the bottom end of the directional blasting tube, the bottom end of the directional blasting tube is screwed into the connecting cavity and fixedly connected with the tubular body, a pressure channel for communicating the pressure cavity with the outside is further arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body, an elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is sleeved outside the tubular body, the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is gradually enlarged from bottom to top and is horn-shaped, and the bottom end of the elastic, be equipped with support and spacing guide bar in the pressure chamber, the support level sets up in pressure channel's below and its week along the chamber wall that supports and lean on the pressure chamber, the vertical setting of spacing guide bar, support and spacing guide bar sliding connection just can follow spacing guide bar and reciprocate, it has many spinal branchs vaulting pole to articulate on the support, a plurality of incisions have been seted up on the tubulose body, the other end of bracing piece stretches out and articulates on the wear-resisting gum cover inner wall of elasticity from the incision, when the support down moved, the bracing piece can be turned over outward and is shored big and make its roof pressure live the big gun pore wall toward the outstretched with the wear-resisting gum cover of elasticity.
As a preferred embodiment, in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, the directional blasting tube includes a plurality of separated explosive filling cavities, each explosive filling cavity is filled with an explosive cartridge and a detonator, the detonators are electric detonators, all the electric detonators are connected in series in sequence through conducting wires, and a strip-shaped energy release hole is formed in each of the front direction, the rear direction, the left direction and the right direction of each explosive filling cavity.
Furthermore, in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, an inverted cone-shaped lead weight is hung below the third plugging component.
The invention firstly carries out hydraulic presplitting permeability increase on the coal seam, then the directional hydraulic centralized blasting device is put into the blast holes, water remains in the blast holes and coal seam cracks after the hydraulic presplitting operation, the water level in the blast holes is required to be 2 m-3 m higher than the uppermost part of the coal seam, if the water level is not high enough, water is injected into the blast holes to ensure that the water level is more than 2m above the coal seam, when the directional hydraulic centralized blasting device is detonated in water, because the high-pressure plastic film covers the energy release holes, the energy formed when the explosive cartridge explodes cannot be immediately released, but is firstly gathered to form a 'potential accumulation' effect (the impact force generated at the moment of explosion can be improved), when the accumulated explosion energy reaches the limit, the high-pressure plastic film is broken through the energy release holes and is intensively released (the energy is directionally and intensively released along the energy release holes), the blast hole wall impact device has the advantages that huge impact is generated on residual water in blast holes and the blast hole walls around the residual water, blasting gas is coupled with water to form a 'wedge effect' impact blast hole wall, so that new cracks are formed from the blast hole wall to the inside of a coal bed, in addition, due to the fact that water is not compressible, water which enters the coal bed after the water pressure pre-cracking permeability increasing originally can stretch to the deeper part of the coal bed under the pressure effect of the blasting gas, and the development degree of the cracks of the coal bed is further improved. In conclusion, compared with the permeability increasing method in the background art, when the directional water pressure centralized blasting device in the method is detonated, the wedge effect formed by coupling water and blasting gas is more obvious, and the crack development of the coal seam can be better promoted.
Because in above-mentioned directional water pressure centralized blasting device, the top of directional blasting tube is connected with first shutoff subassembly, when the directional blasting tube detonates, a large amount of explosive gas and water mixture get into the pressure chamber from pressure channel, pressure in the pressure chamber risees, make the luffer board up to move, luffer board up the in-process of moving, the jack catch turns up to open and inserts in the big gun hole wall, thereby avoid first shutoff subassembly to rush out from the big gun hole because of the explosion impact, above-mentioned first shutoff subassembly blocks up and can play and roll up similar effect with the yellow mud in the background art in the big gun hole, can obstruct the explosive fragment and up spout along the big gun hole. Certainly, in order to better ensure the plugging effect, in practical application, the size of the tubular body in the first plugging component is preferably designed according to the size of a blast hole, on the premise of ensuring that the directional water pressure set blasting device can be smoothly placed in the blast hole, the closer the diameter of the tubular body is to the diameter of the blast hole, the better the plugging effect of the first plugging component is, and the practice shows that the gap between the tubular body and the side wall of the blast hole is not more than 1cm is a better choice.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first structure of a directional water pressure centralized blasting apparatus used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second structure of the directional water pressure centralized blasting apparatus used in the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view showing an internal structure of a directional blasting tube in the directional water pressure centralized blasting apparatus shown in fig. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the directional water pressure centralized blasting device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for permeability increasing of a coal seam;
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 2;
in the figure:
1-directional blasting tube 2-explosive cartridge 3-detonator
4-high pressure material film 5-first plugging component 6-second plugging component
7-third plugging component 8-lead weight 9-detonator
10-lifting rope 11-paying-off roller 12-fixed pulley
1 a-energy release hole 1 b-medicine filling cavity 5 a-tubular body
5 e-elastic adhesive film 5 f-elastic wear-resistant sleeve 5 g-support
5 h-limit guide bar 5 i-support bar 5a 1-top cover
5a 2-baffle 5a 3-connecting chamber 5a 4-pressure chamber
5a 5-pressure channel 5a2 a-through hole.
Detailed Description
To facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "above", "below", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. In addition, in the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
The method for improving the air permeability of the coal seam by adopting directional water pressure centralized blasting comprises the following steps:
firstly, drilling blast holes in a coal seam, then utilizing the drilled blast holes to perform hydraulic pre-cracking permeability increase on the coal seam, not pumping out water remaining in the blast holes after the hydraulic pre-cracking permeability increase, and ensuring that the water level in the blast holes is at least 2m higher than the upper part of the coal seam;
step two, placing the directional water pressure centralized blasting device into the blast hole and enabling the blast hole to sink below the water surface;
and step three, guiding the directional water pressure centralized blasting device to explode the device underwater to complete the permeability increasing operation of the coal bed.
The innovation of the invention is mainly as follows: 1. the hydraulic pre-cracking permeability improvement and the blasting permeability improvement are combined, specifically, the hydraulic pre-cracking permeability improvement and the blasting permeability improvement are carried out on the coal seam firstly, and the effect that one is added and one is more than two is obtained after the two permeability improvement modes are combined. 2. The structure of the directional water pressure centralized blasting device is improved, so that the work of filling yellow mud rolls into the blast hole is omitted.
The invention firstly carries out hydraulic presplitting permeability increase on a coal seam, then a directional hydraulic centralized blasting device is put into a blast hole, water remains in the blast hole and coal seam cracks after the hydraulic presplitting operation, the water level in the blast hole is at least 2m higher than the uppermost part of the coal seam, if the water level is not high enough, water is injected into the blast hole, the water level height has obvious influence on the permeability increase effect, when the directional hydraulic centralized blasting device is detonated in water, because the high-pressure plastic film 4 covers the energy release hole 1a, the energy formed when the explosive cartridge 2 explodes cannot be immediately released, but is firstly gathered to form a 'potential accumulation' effect (the impact force generated at the moment of explosion can be improved), when the accumulated explosion energy reaches the limit, the high-pressure plastic film 4 can be burst through the energy release hole 1a and released intensively (the energy is directionally and intensively released along the energy release), the blast hole wall impact device has the advantages that huge impact is generated on residual water in blast holes and the blast hole walls around the residual water, blasting gas is coupled with water to form a 'wedge effect' impact blast hole wall, so that new cracks are formed from the blast hole wall to the inside of a coal bed, in addition, due to the fact that water is not compressible, water which enters the coal bed after the water pressure pre-cracking permeability increasing originally can stretch to the deeper part of the coal bed under the pressure effect of the blasting gas, and the development degree of the cracks of the coal bed is further improved. Compared with the permeability increasing mode in the background technology, the directional water pressure centralized blasting device has the advantages that when the directional water pressure centralized blasting device is detonated, the wedge effect formed by coupling of water and blasting gas is more obvious, and the crack development of a coal seam can be better promoted.
In the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, the top end of the directional blasting tube 1 is connected with the first plugging component 5, when the directional blasting tube 1 is detonated, a large amount of explosive gas and water mixture enters the pressure cavity 5a4 from the pressure channel 5a5, the pressure in the pressure cavity 5a4 is increased, so that the window plate 5b moves upwards, the claw 5d is turned outwards and opened and inserted into the wall of the blast hole in the upward movement process of the window plate 5b, the first plugging component 5 is prevented from being rushed out of the blast hole due to explosive impact, the first plugging component 5 can play a role similar to a yellow mud roll in the background technology when being plugged in the blast hole, and explosive fragments can be prevented from being sprayed upwards along the blast hole. Certainly, in order to better ensure the plugging effect, in practical application, the size of the tubular body 5a in the first plugging assembly 5 is preferably designed according to the size of a blast hole, theoretically, on the premise that the directional water pressure-collecting blasting device can be smoothly placed in the blast hole, the closer the diameter of the tubular body 5a is to the diameter of the blast hole, the better the plugging effect of the first plugging assembly 5 is, and the better the selection is found in practice that the gap between the tubular body and the side wall of the blast hole is not more than 1 cm.
In the present invention, the directional water pressure concentrated blasting apparatus includes at least the structures of the following examples 1 and 2.
Example 1:
fig. 1, 3 and 5 show a specific structure of a directional water pressure centralized blasting device according to this embodiment, which includes a directional blasting tube 1, two ends of the directional blasting tube 1 are sealed by a cover plate, a plurality of energy release holes 1a are spaced on the outer circumferential surface of the directional blasting tube 1, the energy release holes 1a are communicated with the inner cavity of the directional blasting tube 1, a explosive cartridge 2 and a detonator 3 are filled in the inner cavity of the directional blasting tube 1, a high pressure plastic film 4 is wrapped on the outer circumferential surface of the directional blasting tube 1, the energy release holes 1a are covered by the high pressure plastic film 4, the top end of the directional blasting tube 1 is connected with a first blocking assembly 5 for blocking the blast hole during blasting to prevent the blast fragments from being ejected upwards along the blast hole, the first blocking assembly 5 includes a hollow tubular body 5a, the top end of the tubular body 5a is provided with a top cover 5a1, a partition plate 5a2 is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular body 5a, the partition plate 5a2 divides the inner cavity of the tubular body 5a into a connecting cavity 5a3 on one side and a pressure cavity 5a4 on the other side, the side wall of the connecting cavity 5a3 and the outer periphery of the top end of the directional blasting tube 1 are provided with mutually matched threaded connecting structures, the top end of the directional blasting tube 1 is screwed into the connecting cavity 5a3 and fixedly connected with the tubular body 5a, the outer periphery of the tubular body 5a is further provided with a pressure channel 5a5 for communicating the pressure cavity 5a4 with the outside, the top cover 5a1 of the tubular body 5a is windowed and embedded with a window plate 5b capable of moving up and down, the top cover 5a1 and the window plate 5b are provided with a plurality of hinge lugs 5c, the hinge lugs 5c on the top cover 5a1 are combined with the hinge lugs 5c on the window plate 5b, each group of hinge lugs 5c is hinged with a claw 5d, the window plate 5b can move up to enable the hole wall 5d to be inserted into an everting claw, thereby preventing the first plugging member 5 from being punched out of the blast hole due to the blast impact.
In order to improve the air tightness between the window plate 5b and the window opening formed in the top cover 5a1 and reduce the pressure loss at the window opening during explosion, an elastic rubber film 5e is further arranged in the pressure chamber 5a4, the elastic rubber film 5e is arranged below the top cover 5a1 of the tubular body 5a and covers the window opening formed in the top cover 5a1, and the periphery of the elastic rubber film 5e is fixedly connected with the top cover 5a 1. Further, a ring of elastic sealant can be coated on the periphery of the elastic adhesive film 5e where the top cover 5a1 meets.
In order to reduce the pressure loss between the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 5a and the blast hole wall during explosion and further improve the plugging effect of the first plugging component 5, the first plugging component 5 further comprises an elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve 5f sleeved outside the tubular body 5a, the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve 5f is gradually enlarged from top to bottom into a horn shape, the top end of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is fixedly connected with the top end of the tubular body 5a, a support 5g and a limit guide rod 5h are arranged in a pressure cavity 5a4, the support 5g is horizontally arranged, the limit guide rod 5h is vertically arranged, the support 5g is connected with the limit guide rod 5h in a sliding manner and can move up and down along the limit guide rod 5h, a plurality of support rods 5i are hinged on the support 5g, a plurality of notches are formed in the tubular body 5a, the other ends of the support rods 5i extend out of the notches and are hinged on the inner wall of the elastic, the support rod 5i can be turned outwards to expand the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve 5f outwards and press the wall of the gun hole.
Preferably, a through hole 5a2a is vertically formed in the partition plate 5a2, a threading hole is formed in a cover plate at the top end of the directional blasting tube 1, and a lead for igniting the detonator 3 sequentially penetrates through the threading hole, the through hole 5a2a, the pressure cavity 5a4 and the pressure channel 5a 5. So both can let wear to establish the wire more convenient, the explosive gas that produces when 2 explosions of explosive cartridge can get into pressure chamber 5a4 through wires hole and through-hole 5a2a more fast simultaneously for luffer boards 5b in time up remove, strut jack catch 5d and insert the big gun hole wall in the very first time, avoid first shutoff subassembly 5 to move up along the big gun hole because of the explosion impact better.
For the condition that the directional water pressure centralized blasting device is suspended in the middle of the blast hole for blasting operation (the directional water pressure centralized blasting device does not fall to the bottom of the blast hole), in order to prevent the directional blasting tube 1 from moving downwards during blasting to cause that the blasting pressure can not be intensively acted on the preset part of the blast hole (for example, the depth of the coal bed reaches 10m, and at the moment, only the coal bed in the middle part needs to be subjected to permeability increasing operation to prevent the blasting device from being suspended in the middle part of the coal bed, if the directional blasting tube 1 moves downwards during blasting, the generated blasting pressure can not be intensively acted on the middle part of the coal bed, and a part of the pressure is lost to the bottom of the coal bed to cause that the blasting operation can not reach the preset effect), a second plugging component 6 is further installed at the bottom end of the directional blasting tube 1, the structure of the second plugging component 6 is the same as that of the first plugging component 5, and the connection structure of the bottom ends of the second plugging component 6 and the directional blasting tube The connecting structure of the top ends is the same.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 6, the difference between the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 1 is mainly that the structure of the plugging assembly connected to the bottom end of the directional blasting tube 1 is different from that of the embodiment 1, specifically, in this embodiment, the third plugging assembly 7 is installed at the bottom end of the directional blasting tube 1, the third plugging assembly 7 also includes a hollow tubular body 5a, the top end of the tubular body 5a is provided with a top cap 5a1, the inner cavity of the tubular body 5a is provided with a partition plate 5a2, the partition plate 5a2 divides the inner cavity of the tubular body 5a into a connecting cavity 5a3 located at one side thereof and a pressure cavity 5a4 located at the other side thereof, the side wall of the connecting cavity 5a3 and the outer peripheral surface of the bottom end of the directional blasting tube 1 are provided with mutually matched threaded connection structures, the bottom end of the directional blasting tube 1 is screwed into the connecting cavity 5a3 and fixedly connected to the tubular body 5a, the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body 5a is further provided with a pressure channel 5a 36, an elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve 5f is sleeved outside the tubular body 5a, the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve 5f is gradually expanded from bottom to top to be horn-shaped, the bottom end of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the tubular body 5a, a support 5g and a limiting guide rod 5h are arranged in a pressure cavity 5a3, the support 5g is horizontally arranged below the pressure channel 5a5, the periphery of the support abuts against the cavity wall of the pressure cavity 5a3, the limiting guide rod 5h is vertically arranged, the support 5g is connected with the limiting guide rod 5h in a sliding mode and can move up and down along the limiting guide rod 5h, a plurality of support rods 5i are hinged on the support 5g, a plurality of notches are formed in the tubular body 5a, the other ends of the support rods 5i extend out of the notches and are hinged on the inner wall of the elastic, the support rod 5i can be turned outwards to expand the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve 5f outwards and press the wall of the gun hole. Further, an inverted cone-shaped lead weight 8 is hung below the third plugging component 7.
As a preferred structure, as shown in fig. 3, in the two embodiments, the directional blasting tube 1 includes a plurality of spaced explosive filling cavities 1b, each explosive filling cavity 1b is filled with an explosive cartridge 2 and a detonator 3, wherein the detonator 3 is an electric detonator, all the electric detonators are connected in series in sequence through a conducting wire, and the front, rear, left and right directions of all the explosive filling cavities 1b are respectively provided with an elongated energy release hole 1 a.
The directional water pressure centralized blasting device involved in the two embodiments can be placed in a blast hole in the following way: as shown in fig. 4, an initiator 9, a lifting rope 10 and a pay-off roller 11 are arranged outside the blast hole, a lead wire connected with a detonator 3 is connected with the initiator 9, the tail end of the lifting rope 10 is connected with the top end of the directional blasting tube 1, the head end of the lifting rope 10 is wound on the pay-off roller 11, a fixed pulley 12 is further arranged between the pay-off roller 11 and the directional blasting tube 1, the lifting rope 10 is lapped on the fixed pulley 12, when the pay-off roller 11 is rotated to release the lifting rope 10 into the blast hole, under the action of gravity of an object suspended at the lower end of the lifting rope 10, the lifting rope 10 is tensioned and drives the fixed pulley 12 to rotate along with the gradual release of the lifting rope, so that the directional blasting tube 1 gradually sinks into the water in the blast hole, and the detonator 3 is detonated by the initiator 9 during.
Finally, it is emphasized that some of the figures and descriptions of the present invention have been simplified to facilitate the understanding of the improvements of the present invention over the prior art by those skilled in the art, and that other elements have been omitted from this document for the sake of clarity and should be recognized by those skilled in the art as forming the subject matter of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for improving the air permeability of the coal seam by adopting directional water pressure centralized blasting comprises the following steps:
firstly, drilling blast holes in a coal seam, then utilizing the drilled blast holes to perform hydraulic pre-cracking permeability increase on the coal seam, not pumping out water remaining in the blast holes after the hydraulic pre-cracking permeability increase, and ensuring that the water level in the blast holes is at least 2m higher than the upper part of the coal seam;
step two, placing the directional water pressure centralized blasting device into the blast hole and enabling the blast hole to sink below the water surface;
the directional water pressure centralized blasting device comprises a directional blasting tube (1), wherein two ends of the directional blasting tube (1) are sealed through a cover plate, a plurality of energy release holes (1a) are formed in the outer peripheral surface of the directional blasting tube (1) at intervals, the energy release holes (1a) are communicated with the inner cavity of the directional blasting tube (1), explosive cartridges (2) and detonators (3) are filled in the inner cavity of the directional blasting tube (1), a layer of high-pressure plastic film (4) wraps the outer peripheral surface of the directional blasting tube (1), the energy release holes (1a) are covered by the high-pressure plastic film (4), the top end of the directional blasting tube (1) is connected with a first blocking assembly (5) used for blocking blastholes during explosion so as to prevent explosive fragments from being ejected upwards along the blastholes, and the first blocking assembly (5) comprises a hollow tubular body (5a), the clearance between the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body (5a) and the side wall of the blast hole is smaller than 1cm, the top end of the tubular body (5a) is provided with a top cover (5a1), a partition plate (5a2) is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular body (5a), the partition plate (5a2) divides the inner cavity of the tubular body (5a) into a connecting cavity (5a3) positioned on one side of the inner cavity and a pressure cavity (5a4) positioned on the other side of the inner cavity, the side wall of the connecting cavity (5a3) and the outer peripheral surface of the top end of the directional blasting tube (1) are provided with mutually matched threaded connecting structures, the top end of the directional blasting tube (1) is screwed into the connecting cavity (5a3) and fixedly connected with the tubular body (5a), the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body (5a) is further provided with a pressure channel (5a5) for communicating the pressure cavity (5a4) with the outside, the top cover (5a1) of the tubular body (5a) is windowed and a window, the top cover (5a1) and the window plate (5b) are respectively provided with a plurality of hinge lugs (5c), the hinge lugs (5c) on the top cover (5a1) and the hinge lugs (5c) on the window plate (5b) are grouped in pairs, each group of hinge lugs (5c) is hinged with a claw (5d), and the window plate (5b) moves upwards to enable the claws (5d) to be turned outwards and opened and inserted into the wall of the hole, so that the first plugging component (5) is prevented from being punched out of the hole due to explosion impact;
and thirdly, detonating the detonator (3) to enable the directional blasting tube (1) to explode underwater, and finishing the anti-reflection operation of the coal bed.
2. The method for improving the air permeability of the coal seam by adopting the directional water pressure centralized blasting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, an elastic rubber film (5e) is further arranged in the pressure cavity (5a4), the elastic rubber film (5e) is arranged below a top cover (5a1) of the tubular body (5a) and covers a window formed in the top cover (5a1), and the periphery of the elastic rubber film (5e) is fixedly connected with the top cover (5a 1).
3. The method for improving the air permeability of the coal seam by adopting the directional water pressure centralized blasting as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, a ring of elastic sealing glue is coated at the joint of the periphery of the elastic glue film (5e) and the top cover (5a 1).
4. The method for improving the air permeability of the coal seam by adopting the directional water pressure centralized blasting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, the first plugging component (5) further comprises an elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f) sleeved outside the tubular body (5a), the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f) is gradually enlarged from top to bottom to be horn-shaped, the top end of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is fixedly connected with the top end of the tubular body (5a), a support (5g) and a limiting guide rod (5h) are arranged in the pressure cavity (5a4), the support (5g) is horizontally arranged, the limiting guide rod (5h) is vertically arranged, the support (5g) is in sliding connection with the limiting guide rod (5h) and can move up and down along the limiting guide rod (5h), a plurality of support rods (5i) are hinged on the support (5g), a plurality of notches are formed in the tubular body (5a), and the other ends of the support rods (5i) extend out of the notches and are hinged on the inner wall of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f), when the support (5g) moves upwards, the support rod (5i) can be turned outwards to expand the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f) outwards and enable the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve to be pressed against the wall of the gun hole.
5. The method for improving the air permeability of the coal seam by adopting the directional water pressure centralized blasting as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, a through hole (5a2a) is vertically formed in the partition plate (5a2), a threading hole is formed in a cover plate at the top end of the directional blasting tube (1), and a lead for detonating the detonator (3) sequentially penetrates out of the threading hole, the through hole (5a2a), the pressure cavity (5a4) and the pressure channel (5a 5).
6. The method for improving the air permeability of the coal seam by adopting the directional water pressure centralized blasting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, a second plugging component (6) is installed at the bottom end of the directional blasting tube (1), the structure of the second plugging component (6) is the same as that of the first plugging component (5), and the connecting structure of the second plugging component (6) and the bottom end of the directional blasting tube (1) is also the same as that of the first plugging component (5) and the top end of the directional blasting tube (1).
7. The method for improving the air permeability of the coal seam by adopting the directional water pressure centralized blasting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, a third plugging component (7) is installed at the bottom end of the directional blasting tube (1), the third plugging component (7) also comprises a hollow tubular body (5a), a top cover (5a1) is arranged at the top end of the tubular body (5a), a partition plate (5a2) is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular body (5a), the partition plate (5a2) divides the inner cavity of the tubular body (5a) into a connecting cavity (5a3) positioned at one side of the connecting cavity and a pressure cavity (5a4) positioned at the other side of the connecting cavity, mutually matched threaded connecting structures are arranged on the side wall of the connecting cavity (5a3) and the outer peripheral surface of the bottom end of the directional blasting tube (1), the bottom end of the directional blasting tube (1) is screwed into the connecting cavity (5a3) and fixedly connected with the tubular body (5a), a pressure channel (5a5) for communicating the pressure cavity (5a3) with the outside is further arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the tubular body (5a), the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f) is sleeved outside the tubular body (5a), the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f) is gradually enlarged from bottom to top to form a horn shape, the bottom end of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the tubular body (5a), a support (5g) and a limiting guide rod (5h) are arranged in the pressure cavity (5a3), the support (5g) is horizontally arranged below the pressure channel (5a5), the periphery of the support abuts against the cavity wall of the pressure cavity (5a3), the limiting guide rod (5h) is vertically arranged, the support (5g) is in sliding connection with the limiting guide rod (5h) and can move up and down along the limiting guide rod (5h), a plurality of support rods (5i) are hinged to the support (5g), a plurality of notches are formed in the tubular body (5a), the other ends of the support rods (5i) extend out of the notches and are hinged to the inner wall of the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f), when the support (5g) moves downwards, the support rod (5i) can be turned outwards to expand the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve (5f) outwards and enable the elastic wear-resistant rubber sleeve to be pressed against the wall of the gun hole.
8. The method for improving the air permeability of the coal seam by adopting the directional water pressure centralized blasting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, the directional blasting tube (1) comprises a plurality of separated explosive filling cavities (1b), each explosive filling cavity (1b) is filled with an explosive cartridge (2) and a detonator (3), the detonators (3) are electric detonators, all the electric detonators are sequentially connected in series through conducting wires, and a strip-shaped energy release hole (1a) is formed in each of the front direction, the rear direction, the left direction and the right direction of each explosive filling cavity (1 b).
9. The method for improving the air permeability of the coal seam by adopting the directional water pressure centralized blasting as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in the directional water pressure centralized blasting device, an inverted cone-shaped lead weight (8) is hung below the third plugging component (7).
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| CN2481716Y (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2002-03-13 | 柳丽萍 | Explosive roll |
| CN102635388A (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2012-08-15 | 煤炭科学研究总院沈阳研究院 | Interaction permeability-increasing method of pre-splitting blasting and hydraulic cracking of coal seam |
| CN103063093B (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2015-08-19 | 攀枝花恒威化工有限责任公司 | Water stemming material |
| CN103195466B (en) * | 2013-03-30 | 2015-08-19 | 重庆大学 | A kind of directed hydraulic pressure demolition improves the method for gas permeability of coal seam |
| CN105332684B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-09-12 | 重庆大学 | A kind of water under high pressure is quick-fried and CO2The coal bed gas displacement extraction technique that pressure break is combined |
| CN205332934U (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-22 | 重庆工程职业技术学院 | Directional blasting device |
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