CN107495985A - A kind of measuring method in the VPV direction based on principle of Doppler - Google Patents
A kind of measuring method in the VPV direction based on principle of Doppler Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/06—Measuring blood flow
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B8/488—Diagnostic techniques involving Doppler signals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
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Abstract
A kind of measuring method in the VPV direction based on principle of Doppler, belongs to ultrasonic detection technology field.The present invention utilizes the angular characteristicses of Doppler effect, sets the transmitting of each array element and reception delay in probe, ultrasonic beam is measured at different angles to target area；Velocity component of the VPV vector on each angle direction is obtained by the frequency offset of echo-signal, then the direction of VPV is estimated according to the principle of least square.Compared with other detection methods, the method can individually measure for a zonule, and make full use of the measurement data under each angle conditions, and measurement accuracy is high, have the advantages that anti-interference, detection are cheap, noninvasive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method in the VPV direction based on principle of Doppler, specifically, relate to
And a kind of detection method of human bloodstream speed, belong to ultrasonic detection technology field.
Background technology
Velocity of blood flow reflects human metabolism's level and function of blood circulating system.Hypertension, thrombus, artery are athero-
The cardiovascular patients such as hardening often exist abnormal in the velocity of blood flow of lesion.The detection of velocity of blood flow can examine for doctor
The disconnected state of an illness provides important evidence.
The measurement in VPV direction is the important content of velocity of blood flow detection.Detection for velocity of blood flow, ultrasound are more
Laser Doppler velocimetry is widely used to medical color ultrasound equipment.Compared to Optical Doppler velocimetry, image velocimetry, biologic resistance
Anti- method etc., ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry have the advantages that cheap, noninvasive, detection depth is big.Ultrasonic Doppler effect refers to ultrasound
Wave source and it is observed the physical phenomenon that relative motion between thing makes echo produce frequency shift (FS).Due to velocity of blood flow (generally below
Ultrasonic velocity (1540m/s magnitudes) 10m/s) is far below, the frequency offset of echo and relative motion are on Acoustic Wave Propagation direction
Velocity component there is linear relationship.Using this linear relationship, by detecting the frequency offset of echo, VPV can be measured
Velocity component on Acoustic Wave Propagation direction, the velocity component can carry out coloud coding and show or be converted into audio output.By
It is all relevant in the size and angle of velocity component and speed, when angle change, the velocity component can not comprehensively, body exactly
The size of existing speed.In fact, VPV is also not always parallel to skin surface or keeps fixed angle.By the frequency of echo
Rate offset can measure the component of VPV, if the angle between ultrasonic wave and VPV can be measured accurately again, so that it may
To calculate the size of VPV.
The method in traditional measurement VPV direction is mainly imaged to tissue, the blood obtained by image procossing
Tube edges come estimating speed direction.This method is although visual in image, but VPV is not always parallel to vascular wall；It is right
In measured zone interested, it is necessary to which image information overall near calmodulin binding domain CaM could be handled；To strengthen image, needed toward contact
Will be to human injection's developer.Document (Tortoli P, Dallai A, Boni E, et al.An automatic angle
tracking procedure for feasible vector Doppler blood velocity measurements.
[J].Ultrasound in Medicine&Biology,2010,36(3):488-496.) propose a kind of from motion tracking blood flow
The supersonic detection method of velocity attitude.From Doppler range rate measurement principle, when ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to VPV, echo frequency
Rate offset is zero.The angle of this method adjust automatically reference wave beam, until echo frequency offset is less than threshold value；At this moment with ginseng
The direction for examining beam elevation is the direction of VPV, so as to realize velocity attitude from motion tracking；It is determined that VPV
Direction after, detect velocity of blood flow with second wave beam.The method of this lookup only make use of attached perpendicular to VPV direction
Near a small number of measurement data, anti-interference are poor；There is the limit in the deflectable angle of ultrasonic beam, in deflectable angle limit
It can not all may find perpendicular to the direction of VPV.
In summary, image treating needs image information overall near calmodulin binding domain CaM, and need to be to human injection's developer；
Lookup method only make use of a small number of measurement data, and cannot be guaranteed the direction of VPV in seeking scope.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the step of presence for prior art and defect, there is provided one kind is based on principle of Doppler
VPV direction measuring method, make it that not only there is strong interference immunity, cheap, noninvasive, and can make full use of
Measurement data under each angle conditions, improve measurement accuracy.
Technical scheme is as follows：
1) coordinate system is established：Using perpendicular to the direction of skin as x-axis, using the direction parallel to skin as y-axis, in target area
Plane right-angle coordinate O-xy is established in domain；The VPV vector of target area is designated asIn coordinate system O-xy with x-axis
Angle is designated as θ, and θ is VPV direction.
2) ultrasonic beam carries out multiangular measurement to target area：Popped one's head in using more array elements, in probe between adjacent array element
Distance be designated as p；Spread speed of the ultrasonic beam in human body is designated as constant c；In the deflectable angle limit of ultrasonic beam,
The angle theta [0] of ultrasonic beam and x-axis, θ [1] ..., θ [k] ... are chosen, θ [N-1], wherein N are the total degree of measurement, and k is sequence
Number, k=0,1 ..., N-1；The time delay for setting each array element to launch and receive, differ the time delay of adjacent array elementThe ultrasonic beam so synthesized can be launched and be received with angle, θ [k]；
3) frequency offset corresponding to each angle is calculated：The echo-signal measured is by spectrum analyzer or by Fourier
Conversion, transforms from the time domain to frequency domain；Centre frequency of the echo-signal in frequency domain is chosen, the frequency is subtracted each other with emission signal frequency,
As frequency offset；The frequency offset as corresponding to echo-signal calculates each angle, the echo frequency offset that n times are measured
F is designated as respectivelyd[0],fd[1],…,fd[k],…,fd[N-1]；
4) direction according to principle of least square estimation VPV：VPV direction θ estimate is designated asFoundation
The principle of least square calculates
The method of the invention utilizes the angular characteristicses of Doppler effect, multiangular measurement is carried out to target area, by returning
Frequency offset measures velocity component of the VPV on each angle direction, then according to principle of least square estimation Hemodynamic environment
The direction of degree.The present invention compared with prior art, has the technique effect of advantages below and high-lighting：A cell can be directed to
Domain individually measures；The measurement data under each angle conditions is taken full advantage of, measurement accuracy is high, has anti-interference, detection
Inexpensively, the advantages of noninvasive.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that ultrasonic beam measures to target area.
Fig. 2 is by setting the delay of each array element in probe to make ultrasonic beam occur to determine the schematic diagram of angular deflection.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the method for the invention.
In figure, 1- ultrasonic probes；Array element in 2- ultrasonic probes；3- ultrasonic beams；4- blood；5- vascular walls；6- skins.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.As shown in figure 1, ultrasonic probe is close to skin
Skin；Apply alternating voltage in the array element of ultrasonic probe, its vibration is produced ultrasonic beam；Ultrasonic beam is propagated in human body,
The red blood cell run into blood scatters；The scattered signal of return can encourage array element to produce corresponding voltage.The echo
The frequency offset of signal and VPV component are linear, measure the echo frequency skew on different angle direction
Amount, the direction according to principle of least square estimation VPV.
1) coordinate system is established.Using perpendicular to the direction of skin as x-axis, using the direction parallel to skin as y-axis, in target area
Plane right-angle coordinate O-xy is established in domain.Coordinate system is established primarily to the direction of velocity is conveniently described, so coordinate
Origin O selection is unimportant.The VPV vector of target area is designated asAngle in coordinate system O-xy is designated as θ,Size be designated as V.VPV direction mentioned here refers to the angle of the velocity in two-dimentional scanning face, without referring to
Direction it is positive and negative.
2) multiangular measurement is carried out to target area：Angle of the ultrasonic beam in coordinate system O-xy is designated as θ [0], θ respectively
[1] ..., θ [N-1], wherein N are the total degree of measurement.It is limited to the physical size of probe and the relative position with measured zone
Put, ultrasonic beam is difficult to the deflection of polarizers of big angle scope, so θ [0], θ [1] ..., θ [N-1] selection are needed in ultrasonic wave
In the deflectable angle limit of beam.As shown in Fig. 2 being popped one's head in using more array elements, this kind of probe includes multiple equidistant array elements, phase
The distance between adjacent array element is designated as p.Spread speed of the ultrasonic beam in human body is designated as constant c.Each array element transmission signal is set
Time delay, differ the time delay of adjacent array elementEach time delay forms arithmetic progression.So, each battle array
The ultrasonic wave that member is sent will be overlapped mutually in space, and the wavefront after ultrasonic wave superposition can deflection angle θ [k].That is,
The ultrasonic beam of synthesis can be launched with angle, θ [k]；Reception delay is identical with the set-up mode of emission delay, so as to realize ultrasound
Wave beam determines angular deflection.
3) frequency offset corresponding to each angle is calculated.The echo-signal measured is by spectrum analyzer or by Fourier
Conversion, transforms from the time domain to frequency domain；Centre frequency of the echo-signal in frequency domain is chosen, the frequency is subtracted each other with emission signal frequency,
As frequency offset；The frequency offset as corresponding to echo-signal calculates each angle, the echo frequency offset of this n times measurement
F is designated as respectivelyd[0],fd[1],…,fd[N-1]；
4) direction according to principle of least square estimation VPV
From Doppler effect, the measured value and echo frequency offset of VPV component are linear：
In formula, k is to measure sequence number, k=0,1,2 ..., N-1；fdThe echo frequency offset that [k] measures for kth time, v
[k] is the measured value of corresponding VPV component；C is spread speed of the ultrasonic beam in human body；f0For transmission signal frequency
Rate.
In view of the presence of measurement error, the measured value v [k] of VPV component can also be written as form：
In formula, v [k] is measured value, and Vcos (θ-θ [k]) is actual value, and ε [k] is measurement error；
K in formula (2) takes 0,1,2 respectively ..., N-1, it is possible to obtains N number of equation, is write this N number of equation as rectangular
Formula：
It is concise in expression for formula, introduces intermediate quantity H and u.Definition
Analysis matrix H belowTWhether H is reversible, wherein matrix HTIt is the transposition of matrix H.Matrix HTH：
HTH determinant：
From Cauchy inequality, | HTH|≥0；And if only ifWhen,
Inequality takes equal sign.It is not all equal in view of θ [0], θ [1] ..., θ [N-1], thus take equal sign condition to be unsatisfactory for；So | HTH
| ＞ 0, HTH is reversible, matrix HTH inverse matrix：
Assuming that ε [0], ε [1] ..., ε [N-1] they are separate white Gaussian noises, i.e. ε [k]~N (0, σ2), then according to
According to the principle of least square, parameter u estimateFor：
In formula, matrix HTFor the transposition of matrix H；(HTH)-1For matrix HTH inverse matrix；|HTH | it is HTH determinant.
BecauseSo estimate of parameter θFor：
From formula (1), v [k] and fd[k] is linear, so formula (8) can also be written as：
Claims (1)
1. a kind of measuring method in the VPV direction based on principle of Doppler, it is characterised in that methods described is included such as
Lower step：
1) coordinate system is established：, as x-axis, using the direction parallel to skin as y-axis, to be built perpendicular to the direction of skin in target area
Vertical plane right-angle coordinate O-xy；The VPV vector of target area is designated as In coordinate system O-xy with the angle of x-axis
θ is designated as, θ is VPV direction.
2) ultrasonic beam carries out multiangular measurement to target area：Popped one's head in using more array elements, in probe between adjacent array element away from
From being designated as p；Spread speed of the ultrasonic beam in human body is designated as constant c；In the deflectable angle limit of ultrasonic beam, choose
The angle theta of ultrasonic beam and x-axis [0], θ [1] ..., θ [k] ..., θ [N-1], wherein N are the total degree of measurement, and k is sequence number, k
=0,1 ..., N-1；The time delay for setting each array element to launch and receive, differ the time delay of adjacent array element
The ultrasonic beam so synthesized can be launched and be received with angle, θ [k]；
3) frequency offset corresponding to each angle is calculated：The echo-signal measured becomes by spectrum analyzer or by Fourier
Change, transform from the time domain to frequency domain；Centre frequency of the echo-signal in frequency domain is chosen, the frequency is subtracted each other with emission signal frequency, i.e.,
For frequency offset；The frequency offset as corresponding to echo-signal calculates each angle, by the echo frequency offset point of n times measurement
F is not designated as itd[0],fd[1],…,fd[k],…,fd[N-1]；
4) direction according to principle of least square estimation VPV：VPV direction θ estimate is designated asAccording to minimum
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| CN109009219A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-18 | 赵驰 | A kind of detection device of human body dynamic heart blood flow velocity |
| CN112043308A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-08 | 深圳市德力凯医疗设备股份有限公司 | Intracranial three-dimensional cerebral blood flow reconstruction method, storage medium and ultrasonic equipment |
| CN112120733A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-25 | 深圳市德力凯医疗设备股份有限公司 | Method for acquiring cerebral blood flow velocity, storage medium and terminal device |
| WO2021219006A1 (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 | Blood flow vector velocity processing method, blood flow spectrum processing method, and ultrasonic device |
| CN113679423A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-23 | 李振华 | Ultrasonic Doppler blood flow velocity vector imaging method and system |
| CN114152774A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-08 | 中国科学院大学 | Flow velocity measuring method and device of liquid flow field, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN114533127A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-05-27 | 南京易云医疗设备科技有限公司 | Doppler ultrasonic system for detecting blood vessels |
| CN115568876A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-01-06 | 苏州圣泽医疗科技有限公司 | Method for correcting blood flow velocity measurement value and Doppler blood flow detection device |
| CN115698764A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2023-02-03 | 艾尔默斯半导体欧洲股份公司 | Doppler based velocity direction determination |
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| WO2021219006A1 (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 | Blood flow vector velocity processing method, blood flow spectrum processing method, and ultrasonic device |
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| CN113679423A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-23 | 李振华 | Ultrasonic Doppler blood flow velocity vector imaging method and system |
| CN114152774A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-08 | 中国科学院大学 | Flow velocity measuring method and device of liquid flow field, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN114533127A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-05-27 | 南京易云医疗设备科技有限公司 | Doppler ultrasonic system for detecting blood vessels |
| CN115568876A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-01-06 | 苏州圣泽医疗科技有限公司 | Method for correcting blood flow velocity measurement value and Doppler blood flow detection device |
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